Computer Application in Business (B.

Com-I)
Operating System
An operating system is a set of programs that manages all computer components and operations.
A computer cannot do anything without operating system. Operating system must be installed on every
computer. User interact (communicate) with the computer though operating system
An operating system is a program that acts as intermediary between the user of a computer and
the computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a
user can run programs in convenient and efficient manner.
When computer is turned on, the operating system runs and checs that all parts of the computer are
functioning properly.
Functions of Operating System
Operating system performs the following functions
Memory Management
!t is an important function of operating system. The cannot be managed without an operating.
"ifferent programs and data e#ecute in memory at one time. !f there is no operating system, the
programs may mi# with each other, the system will not wor properly.
Loading and Execution
A program is loaded in the memory before it can be e#ecuted. The operating system provides the
facility to load program in memory easily and then e#ecute it.
Data Security
"ata is an important part of computer system. The operating system protects the data stored on
the computer from illegal use, modification or deletion.
Disk Management
Operating system manages the dis space. !t manages the stored files and folders in a proper
way.
Process Management
$%U can perform on tas at one time. if there are there are many tass, operating system decided
which tas should get the $%U.
Device Controlling
Operating system controls all devices attached to computer. The hardware devices are controlled
with the help of small software called device drivers.
Providing Interface
User interface is used to interact with computer. User interface controls how you enter data and
instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. Operating system provides two types of
interface for user&
Graphical User Interface: !t consists of visual environment. !t is used to communicate
with the computer. !t uses windows, icons, menus and other graphical ob'ects to issue
commands.
Command line Interface: !t provides command prompt to enter command to interact
with the computer. The user types commands though eyboard
ypes of operating system
Stand!alone Operating System
An operating system that wors on destop or noteboo computers is called standalone
operating system. A stand(alone operating system that wors with networ operating system is called
client operating system.
Examples:
"O), Windows *+, Windows ,T worstation, -ac O) etc
"et#ork Operating System
An operating system that supports networs is called networ operating system. !t
normally wors on a server. These operating systems have capable to control and manage overall
networ.
Examples:
,etWare, Windows ,T )erver, Windows .//0 )erver, Uni#, 1inu#, )olaries etc.
Em$edded Operating System
An operating system that is used in most handheld computers and small devices is called
embedded operating system. !t resides on a 2O- chip.
Examples:
Windows $3, %ocet %$ .//., %alm O) etc.
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