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MIIT!"#
$% &ffice for t'e (oordination of Humanitarian
!ffairs
Wednesday )* +ebruary ),,-
S$D!%. Special report III. ('ronology of events
NA&"(* 2+ Feb 2004 ,&N- . //0his is the third o1 a series o1 re#orts on #ros#ects 1or #eace in the Sudan2 0he re#orts are bein! #ublished over two
months//
$hronolo!y o1 events
34++ . %isorder brea)s out in the south on the eve o1 inde#endence2
34+5 . Sudan becomes inde#endent2
34+6 . 7en brahim Abbud leads military cou# a!ainst the civilian !overnment elected earlier in the year2
3452 . Anya Nya movement assumes control o1 southern revolt2
1
3454 . 0he 8"ctober &evolution8 overthrows Abbud and a national !overnment is established2
3454 . 9a:1ar Numayri leads the 8May &evolution8 military cou#2
34;2 . <nder the Addis Ababa #eace a!reement between the !overnment and the Anya Nya the south becomes a sel1.!overnin! re!ion2
34;6 . "il discovered in (entiu in southern Sudan2
346= . Numayri divides the south into three re!ions2 slamic shari:ah im#osed in the north2 $ivil war brea)s out a!ain in the south involvin! !overnment
1orces and the newly 1ormed Sudan 'eo#le:s Liberation Movement/Army ,S'LM/A-* led by 9ohn 7aran!2
346+ . Numayri is de#osed in a bloodless military cou# by a !rou# o1 military o11icers and a 0ransitional Military $ouncil set u# to rule the country2
3465 . $oalition !overnment 1ormed a1ter !eneral elections* with Sadi> al.Mahdi as #rime minister2
3466 . $oalition #artner the %emocratic <nionist 'arty ,%<'- reaches cease1ire a!reement with the S'LM/A* but it is not im#lemented2
3464 . "#eration Li1eline Sudan established2 Sadi> al.Mahdi acce#ts %<'.S'LM/A a!reement2 Sadi> al.Mahdi is de#osed in a bloodless military cou# led
by (ri! ,later Lt.7en- <mar Hasan al.(ashir* who rules throu!h &evolution $ommand $ouncil ,&$$-2
3443 . S'LM/A s#lits into two 1actions with 9ohn 7aran! su##ortin! a united Sudan and &ie) Machar* Lam A)ol* and 7ordon ?on! $huol* who su##ort
southern succession* brea)in! away to 1orm S'LM/A.Nasir 1action2
3442 . Ni!erian #eace con1erences ,Abu@a and - held* but little #ro!ress made2
344= . &$$ dissolved a1ter <mar Hasan al.(ashir is a##ointed #resident2
3444 . nter.7overnmental Authority on %evelo#ment ,7A%- starts #eace #rocess and establishes a %eclaration o1 'rinci#les ,%o'-2
344+ . E!y#tian 'resident Husni Mubara) accuses Sudan o1 bein! involved in an attem#t to assassinate him in Addis Ababa2
344+ . Asmara %eclaration o1 National %emocratic Alliance ,N%A- ac)nowled!es ri!ht o1 southern Sudan to sel1.determination and calls 1or se#aration o1
state and reli!ion and armed stru!!le to overthrow the rulin! National slamic Front re!ime2
344; . Sudanese !overnment acce#ts 7A% %o' and a!rees to discuss sel1.determination 1or the south2 ?hartoum 'eace A!reement si!ned between the
!overnment* the South Sudan nde#endence Movement o1 &ie) Machar and other rebel 1actions2
3446 . Ethio#ian.Eritrean war brea)s out* reducin! con1lict with Sudan2 <SA launches cruise missile attac) on a #harmaceutical #lant in ?hartoum* alle!in!
that it was ma)in! materials 1or chemical wea#ons2
3444 . (ashir dissolves the National Assembly and declares a state o1 emer!ency 1ollowin! a #ower stru!!le with #arliamentary S#ea)er Hasan al.0urabi2
3444 . Sudan be!ins to eA#ort oil2
2000 "ctober . 7A% La)e (o!oria* ?enya* tal)s2
2003 February . slamist leader Hasan al.0urabi arrested and #laced under house arrest a day a1ter his #arty* the 'o#ular National $on!ress* si!ned a
memorandum o1 understandin! ,Mo<- with the S'LM/A2
2003 9uly . 9oint Libyan.E!y#tian nitiative establishes a %o' callin! 1or an all.#arty transitional !overnment* but does not deal with the issue o1 sel1.
determination 1or the south2 Sudanese !overnment acce#ts %o' without reservation and S'LM/A acce#ts with conditions2
2003 Se#tember . <N Security $ouncil li1ts lar!ely symbolic sanctions a!ainst Sudan which involved a ban on di#lomatic travel2 0hey were im#osed in 3445
over accusations that Sudan harboured sus#ects in an attem#t on the li1e o1 E!y#tian 'resident Husni Mubara)* but <S continues its sanctions2
2003 "ctober . <S 'resident 7eor!e B2 (ush names Senator 9ohn %an1orth as s#ecial envoy to try hel# end Sudanese con1lict2
2003 November . <S eAtends unilateral sanctions a!ainst Sudan* citin! its record on terrorism and ri!hts violations2
2002 9anuary . 0he !overnment and the S'LM/A si!n a landmar) cease1ire a!reement #rovidin! 1or a siA.month renewable cease1ire in the Nuba
Mountains re!ion o1 south.central Sudan2
2002 9anuary . &ie) Machar reali!ns #art o1 his Sudan 'eo#le:s %emocratic Forces with S'LM/A2
2002 9uly . A1ter wee)s o1 tal)s in ?enya* the !overnment and the S'LM/A si!n the Macha)os #rotocol coverin! sel1.determination 1or the south* state and
reli!ion and endin! the 34.year civil war2 <nder the a!reement* southern Sudan will be able to hold an inde#endence re1erendum a1ter a siA.and.a.hal1.year
#ower.sharin! transition #eriod* while the north is allowed to )ee# shari:ah law2
2002 9uly . 'resident al.(ashir and S'LM/A leader 7aran! meet 1ace to 1ace 1or the 1irst time* throu!h the mediation o1 <!andan 'resident Coweri
Museveni2
2002 Se#tember . 7overnment brea)s o11 tal)s* sayin! the S'LM/A:s seiDure o1 the southern town o1 0orit s#oiled the atmos#here o1 tal)s* and that the
S'LM/A had reo#ened the issue o1 the se#aration o1 state and reli!ion by demandin! that ?hartoum be shari:ah 1ree2
2002 "ctober . 0he !overnment and the S'LM/A si!n an Mo<* a!reein! to resume tal)s* and to im#lement a cessation o1 hostilities 1or the duration o1 tal)s2
0al)s resume2
2002 November . $essation o1 hostilities a!reement eAtended2 Mo< si!ned on :As#ects o1 Structures o1 7overnment:2 0al)s ad@ourned until 9anuary 200=2
200= 9anuary . 0al)s resume in Nairobi suburb o1 ?aren2 'lans also made 1or a se#arate sym#osium to be held dealin! with the issue o1 the dis#uted border
territories o1 southern (lue Nile* Abyei* and the Nuba Mountains2
200= 9anuary . <N ne!otiates se#arate bilateral a!reements with the S'LM/A and the Sudanese !overnment to allow the delivery o1 humanitarian aid into
the dis#uted re!ion o1 southern (lue Nile 1or the 1irst time2
200= February . 7overnment* rebels si!n addendum to Mo< on cessation o1 hostilities2
200= February . A new rebel !rou# callin! itsel1 the Front 1or the Liberation o1 %ar1ur is launched2 9ustice and E>uality Movement rebels also emer!e2
7overnment retaliates and %ar1ur crisis be!ins2
200= March . %ar1ur rebels ado#t new name: Sudan Liberation Movement/Army ,SLM/A-2
200= March . 0al)s held on the three dis#uted border re!ions o1 Abyei* Nuba Mountains* and southern (lue Nile2
200= A#ril . S'LM/A and !overnment a!ree to the o#enin! o1 corridor alon! &iver Nile to 1acilitate humanitarian access2
200= May . 0al)s resume with the si!nin! o1 #artnershi# a!reement on administrative arran!ements 1or the transition #eriod* which outlines s#eci1ic
measures necessary 1or buildin! u# the humanitarian* security and develo#ment needs o1 southern Sudan durin! the 1irst siA months o1 the transitional
#eriod2
2
200= 9une . $risis in %ar1ur be!ins to seriously deteriorate with wides#read dis#lacement* re1u!ees 1leein! into $had* )illin! and burnin! down o1 villa!es by
!overnment.allied militias2
200= Au!ust . 0he worst 1loodin! in ;0 years hits ?assala re!ion* eastern Sudan2
200= Se#tember . 7overnment and S'LM/A si!n security deal* clearin! ma@or stumblin! bloc) to #eace tal)s2 7overnment and the SLM/A si!n cease 1ire
a!reement* bro)ered by $had* to #ave way 1or #eace tal)s on %ar1ur2
200= "ctober . 7overnment releases slamist leader Hasan al.0urabi2
200= "ctober . Lam A)ol mer!es S'LM/A.<nited 1action with S'LM/A2
200= "ctober . 7overnment and SLM/A a!ree to eAtend cease1ire while they #ursue ne!otiations in nei!hbourin! $had2
200= November . $oncern mounts over worsenin! %ar1ur humanitarian crisis2 <N says Sudanese !overnment is ham#erin! humanitarian intervention by
rene!in! on a #led!e to #rocess aid wor)ers: travel #ermits s#eedily2
200= %ecember . 7overnment and S'LM/A ne!otiators a!ree in #rinci#le on sharin! oil revenues2
200= %ecember . 'eace tal)s between !overnment and SLA* bro)ered by $had* brea) down inde1initely amid mutual recriminations2 Security situation in
%ar1ur deteriorates si!ni1icantly as a result2
200= %ecember . S'LM/A sends the 1irst.ever hi!h.#ro1ile 8!oodwill dele!ation8 to meet !overnment o11icials in ?hartoum2
2004 9anuary . 7overnment and S'LM/A si!n accord on sharin! the country:s wealth durin! the siA.and.a.hal1.year transitional #eriod to 1ollow si!nin! o1 a
#eace deal2
2004 9anuary . 'eace tal)s with S'LM/A ad@ourned 1or three wee)s to allow !overnment dele!ates to #er1orm the Muslim #il!rima!e* the ha@@2
2004 9anuary . %aily bombin! raids on villa!es in %ar1ur )illin! hundreds o1 civilians and causin! thousands more to 1lee across the border into nei!hbourin!
$had2 Sudanese bombs 1all on the $hadian border town o1 0ine* )illin! three $hadian civilians2
2004 February . <NH$& announces it has be!un movin! Sudanese re1u!ees on $hadian side o1 border to sa1er areas inside $had2
2004 February . 'resident (ashir 1ormally declares victory over rebel !rou#s in %ar1ur* announces an end to the main military o#erations there* o11ers
amnesty to rebels and #romises sa1e humanitarian #assa!e to the re!ion2 &ebel SLM/A and 9ustice and E>uality Movement ,9EM- dismiss !overnment
claims o1 victory and launch new o11ensive2
2004 February . <N S#ecial Envoy 0om Eric Eraalsen arrives in ?hartoum* to 1ollow u# on 'resident (ashir:s #romise to !rant humanitarian access to
millions o1 war.a11ected civilians in %ar1ur2
2004 Feb . A #ossible 1inal round o1 Sudanese #eace tal)s between the !overnment and the S'LM/A resumes in Naivasha2 &emainin! issues are the three
dis#uted areas o1 southern (lue Nile* Nuba mountains and Abyei and #ower.sharin! arran!ements durin! the interim #eriod2
2004 February . 0he <N announces the arrival o1 eA#erts in Sudan to assess the humanitarian needs in %ar1ur* while <N a!encies say they have be!un
deliverin! and #re.#ositionin! 1ood and other su##lies 1or internally dis#laced #ersons2 Humanitarian access still lar!ely denied2
2004 February . Arab Lea!ue holds its investment 1orum 1or southern Sudan to #romote unity o1 the country2
2004 February . 9EM and SLM/A say they will not attend #eace con1erence #ro#osed by Sudanese !overnment2
2004 February . <N announces #lans to set u# a new sa1ety corridor 1or Sudanese re1u!ees in $had2
FEN%SG
3

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