lANGUAGE TRAINING FOR THE REAL WORlD

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BID
S a d d a m
H u s s e i n
An internationai group of scientists says the Earth
is warming. most like due to human activities. We take
a look at the possible causes of this phenomenon.
ISBN: 978-987.23670-3-9
F R E E
(O-ROM
with additional I
activities and
audio articles!
Actual En lish ,'\"1 di
COVER
3 I Wonderful World
Exciting llCWS from aH aver rhe
worlu.
Contents
10I Global Warming
An inrernarion;ll group ofscicmisrs says the Eanh is warming, most Iikely due
lO human acrivirics. Wc rake a look ar rhe pos~ihle causes of chis phcnomenon,
(he dcha re over its dfccrs anu ho\'~"we'lI have to adapt ro rhe changing climate.
8 1 GAOGETS
'Iechnology fan? ir rhe answcr is }'es,
you should check our monrhly
sdection of cool
gillnos.
20 I BIO: Saddam Hussein
fu lraq's Presiden< and afterwards,
during rhe tcial in which he was
condemned ro death.
Plus...
02 I CO-ROM contents
26 I Super-microscopes with
a nano uiew
32 I Oakar Rally Car
34 I Mouie Reuiew
36 I Muhammad AIi
38 I English Tips &Tricks
48 I Triuia: J ames Bond
24I U2: Into the arms of America
Formcd in 1976, rhe group was firsr called Feedback, rhen The Hype.
The band mcmbcrs scrrlc..J 01 1 rhe moniker U2 in 1978, afree rhe U.S.
high-alritudc U2 spy plomeshor down aver rhe Soviet Union in 1960.
16I City guide: AnAmerican In Paris
Ir's inhabirams assure rha( is the most beautiful and civilized ciry in (he world.
Whe(her your agree or not, welcome to (he place of romance, delightful
cooking and astonishing architecture, where )'OU can brea(h arto
2~I Creatiuity Cubed
Give an art director a $300 budge( and chance.5 are ir won't be enough ro
really pimp a pod, bU( ir's a start.
42I StorytelHng: Sign of four
Our literature sec(ion for (hose of you wha enjoy agood story now and then. In
(his issue we bring you an excerp( of Arthur Conan Doyle's mmous book, "Sign
of four".
J
ActualEn lish I;S"'O'
CD-ROM Contents
The enalso hdps re-.lders improvc rhcir
prnnunci . ltio:l, bccJ use ir contains dI(;" anides
in audio fimnat.
o() ,----- IZ!J
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:. ":. ::""- . . -,--~-_. . . -
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----
Y Ioon6erf,,1 World
<. . --_ . _ . . . -
Interfase
D
FuUuocabulary
&Translations
On Ihe main screen 01 Ihe (o-ROM you'H
lind a link lo Ihe vocabulary 01 aHIhe
articles of this issue plus their translations
to spanish and portuguese.
Wc :lIso includcd a sclccrion uf dicrionarics and
uanslarors for your \Vindows pe. Y Ol! can
inltaH,hel11 dircctly ffOI11rhe eD-ROM,
01
- l~ < ". " ~
Gr.U'llmar and VocabuIJ n .
Wh , ", . dff ,,~ bo1wnon ro..o_ ,_.
,1<..."d "'0".,.,7
sonWARl
Ir has ditTcrem typcs of acri\'itit~. fmm dassic l11ultipk-choicc ~H1J
rrue:-or-falsc cxcrciscs ro fun wordscarches.
Our inrcracrivc eD-ROM includcs addirion:ll tC:lChing material for
C'J charticle, which allow's n:adcrs lO test rh:: cOl11prchcnsion levd
they haw achieved wirll Ihe tcxt~.
Actiuities
Titul~: "GLOBALWARMltlG" I NIJ MERQSATRA$AOOS- Mt-~i(o: Repn~lotm~(iorlf~Edil(,l!jdl~~IrMmJ ClOOalel SA. de ( 'J . Te!: )600-48'5 ((dad de Me.i(ol, Fa>::5535.Q087 . f-ma;1 teiiasm@ml'X~{lIlTI.
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reproducida, rl en todo l'lIen p.lrte, ni registrada en o tran<;mitidapor J n \i~(eI'l1ade re<:upf'raclnde n!ormlClOn,en nmgo.nillorma ni por Illl'lglll medIO,sea metnlO, totoqUlmKlI,l"Ie<:II6nICO, magn~ll(Q,
ek>ctroOptiCo. pcr fotocopia o (ua!qulCr otro, s,n ell'.'fmisoprevio) por escrito d~esta c.sa edltor;,l!. (el 2007 . Me (Ialchy - TnbulIl'IntoonallOl SeMces
Global warming) la !!d., BU('rl(sAir~' Dalaga 2eo7 148 p. : 20.28 cm, Actual Engl,;h) ISBN 978-9B1.23670-3.9 11, EduCdClOO.1 (DO 370
------------------_ ..
Actual En lish
Wond rfz 1 World
Baldness solution?
RESEARCHERS FIND A WAYTO REGROW HAIR
HUMfu'lS ANO OTHER MAMMALS ARE
generally moughl 10be incapable of
[rue regeneraran, growing a new
organ or limb when il has bccn 1051
emilely.
BUl University of Pennsylvania der-
malOlogisls announced lhey r.ad
indeed performed lhis feal
'
of bio-
logical renewal, regrowing complex
"mini-organs" lhal are of pressing2
imerCSl lo millions of older men:
lhe folliclos' lhal produce hair.
The researchers said mal by care-
fully curting OUl parches of skin in
mice, lhey awakened agenelic pach-
.way lhal normally remains dormanl
after embryonic" dcvelopmenl.
Thc shallow wounds stimulaled
new hair glOwth even lhough me
foUicloshad been removed; lhe pro-
cess worked especiaUy weU whcn
researchers artiRcially boosled levels
of a special signaling prolein, said
senior aU!hor George Cotsarclis.
They have nO! yel experimenled on
people, bU! alrC'.ldy lhe whecls of
commerce are churning
5
: A start'Jp
company has licensed a palent
based on lhe re.scarch.
Why has lhis phenomenon nOl
bcen widely rccognized before now?
VOCABULARY
In a review accompanying lhe
report, lhe Univcrsity of Soulhern
Californias Cheng-Ming Chuong
offers a possible reason: Generaling
new follicles may rcquire fairly large
wounds, which in people are nor-
mally sUlUfedor bandaged, perhaps
impeding hair regrowth.
Though mey rcgrew hair, lhe Penn
researchers al Rrsl didn'l kno\V
where il carne from. ThlOugh gene-
lic allalysis, lhey lhen delermilled
lhal lhe llew foUicles did nol origi-
nale from adull slem ceUs' in
nearby existing foUicles. Inslead,
lhey may have developed from
adull slem ceUs lhal normally pro-
duce ordinary skin.
Slill, mere is much lo do befare lhe
discovery can be sludied in people.
Mice hea] somewhal diffelently
fmm hurnans. 110m Am i .
1 feat: somcthing difficulr nccding a lor of skill. sfr(:ngrh, bravery. ctc. lO achicve ir 12 pressing: urgcnt or necding ro be dcalt with immcdi:uely
13 follicles: (he very small holes in (he sbn, cspccially olle rhar a h;air grows from 14 embryonlc: relaring ro an cmb:yo, ir js ro sayo an animal
(har is dcveloping eithcr in its mothcr's womb oc in an cgg. oc a plam (hal is devdoping in a S('cd 15 churn(ing): (Q mo."c violcnt1y 16 stem
cells: unspecialilcd hum,n (Jr animal cells tha[ can produce mature spedaliz.ed body cdls and ;[ [he same fine replicale lhcmsdvcs.
J
4
Wonder 1 World ACTUAL ENGLIS-i
B i zar r e b an d ag es
UllfON S'I'IlWS
A OHESIVE
B A NOA GES
15 D IE-CUT
STER ILE STR IP S
Baconbandage Forthe meat lover, bacon strip
adhesive bandages.
A woman died after
a drinking contest
J ENNIFERLEASlRANGE,A 28-Y EAR-OLDMOlHER OFlHREE,
died alter drinking well over
3
a hall gallon
4
01water during a
cantest in Sacramento, Califcrnia. She had to drink as much
water as she could without going to the bathroom. lhe prize
was a Nintendo Wii gaming ccnsole. Strange tcok second place.
lhe County Coroner's Ollice said that she died 01 apparent
water intoxication, but the linal cause isnot expected lar seve-
ral months. Participants were each given S-f1uid-ounce
s
bollles
01 water. lhey had two minLtes to drink a bOllle, waited 10
minutes, then drank another bollle. Alter the contest, Strange
called a ca-worker cryingand said that she needed to go home
because she had a headache and nausea. When her mother
went to check on her, she lound her dead.1 ehristina Jewell.
NOT EVER YTHING IN
THE BAND -AID MAR KET
WASALR EAD Y CR EATED ...
WHEN SELLlNG J S TIIE GOAL, EVERY ROlJ Y
knows rhar companies do as much as they c..1.t1
ro gct more anu new clienrs. Carrnan charac-
ters's bandages are [be mos[ wd! known, but
(here are some news. Hot lips kisscs from four
girly Iips[iek colors, an extra large skull-and-
erossbones /lag' or a small skull. Bu[, by fur,
[be favori[e:umed ro be [hebacon bandage.
b-en vegerarians, ge[ a laugh OU[ of [hcse
"bacon srrips". The bcs[ part isils die-cut>so
[he edges take on [he curly-erispy ook of [he
real dea!. If you wam ro givei[ a [ry, you can
ge[ rhem through www.fredllare.com.IKim 0,,;.
/
/
yq(:J \Il~LAR Y___ _ ~ .. _
1 skull-and-crossbones flag: A black flag",rh askeleton's hcad and rwo boncs crmsed behind. The symboJ . was also featured on the J olly
Roger, rhe uaditional flag of European and American pirates 12 die-cut: something whkh has bcen cut using "Oiecuning" a process of sharp
steel rules tOCUtspecial shapes for labels, boxes, and containers. trom printed sheeu 13well over : more [han the amount seated, over [he limil
14 g allon : a unir for measuring volume: An imperial gallon. used in Britain, is equal tO4546 cubic centimetets. A US gallon isequal lO 3785
cubic centimeters 1 S ounce: a unir of weight equal lOone sixteenth of apound or 16 drams or 28.349 grams
Why s omet hi ng mak es y ou itch?
HAVE YOU EVER THOUGHT ABOUT IT? HO\'\' ISTHE OEVELOPlvlENT
ANO TRANSMISSION OF ITCHING IN THE HUMAN BOOY? WELL, HERE YOU
HAVE THE ANSWER!
Caus e of i t ch
Devel opment and t rans mi s s i on of i t chi ng i n t he human body :
1Network 01itch nerve 2 Itching causes other
cells in the skin; some than histamine: Skin
of t he cel l s react t o di s eas es , di abet es ,
al l erget i c s ubs t ance cancer, cert ai n
hi s t ami ne medi ci ne, f oad i t ems
~' . . . ~
O O
0
0
3 Nerves t rans f er
IV O l ~!~::lz ~~~:~t
I { I to the brain
Itch nerve cells Itch nerve celis not
s ens i t i ve t o hi s t ami ne s en5i t i ve t o hi s t ami ne
Cerebral cort ex
4Itching signal reaches cerebral
cort ex. where i t i s percei ved;
limbic system defines signal as
unpleasant
Sour(~: Un .. ers i t y of Hei del berg. Germany ; German " AE' rzt ebl at t " Graphi c: Jul t a 5chei be,Is abel Sonc' r; Jaard
smile
lNSTEAO OF EXPENSIVE WHITENING TREATMENTS',
THERE IS A NEW METHOD BASEO ON
A TRICK OF THE EYE.
o2006 KRT
6631-40
I
DAZZ~IN("
Smi e
Bri ght eni ng
Li p Treat ment
C OF F E , DARK-C OLORE DSODAS A~D TE A C AN MAKE TE E TH LOOKING ATAD'
more yellow than they used to. Sally Hansen's new Smile Brightenin: Lip Treatment
uses pigments in this specially designed lip color that hel8 give the illusion 01
brighter, whiter teeth by counteracting the yellow pigments 01your tooth enamel'.
Theglo55, which also cOnlains vitamins A, C and E to solten and condition your
lips, comes in five colors. Y ou can find the Smile Brightening Lip Treatment at
www.s al l y hans en.com. I/ //I ()Ji.
, whi t eni ng t reat ment (s ): a procc_~to make ~omcthing Oi k ctcc[h. dflthcs) whim 12 t ad:
3 slight 3moum a ot J Hule bil 13 enamel: llJ .r d whiu: suhsuncc awcr ing the c:own of a tooth
Sr mei.11 Col or
l"Ulnf>nts
COllntlHilc1
Y"'l!ow
T h
1.ook VVhi t er
Guar(l r' l t ved!
Hy drat es &
C(Jnd,l;c,,~ l
lips
6
Wonder uf Worfd ACTUAL ENGLISH
Sowing the sweetest crop
FarmersOnly.(om is a dating Web site lor farmers and for
people who want to date larmers to dating farmers.
ALM'T 50.000 USERS HAYE Pm'TED PROFILES SINCE nlE SITE
FarmersOnly.eom was launehed more than ayear ago, including
Erin McCarthy, a39-year-old alpaca farmer from eharlotte, N.e.
"Al lhe end of me day. animals are cool but you need people in
your life, she said." Browse mrough FarmersOnly.eom and you'lI
come aeross names like "Desperado," "Bulldaddy" and
"Premiumspuds." Potemial dates pose next ro horses and traelOrs,
FINDlNG LOVE IS HARD
ENOUGH. BUT IF YOU'RE A
FARMER, IT'S EVEN HARDER:
TRY FINDING SOMEONE WHO
UNDERSTANDS THAT SICK
ANIMALS AND EARLY
MORNINGS ARE A PRIORITY.
hold up baby calves
1
and big flsh, eradle huge
watermelons and lO-gallon hats.
Instead of posting employmem, they tell you
what mey grow or breed
2
: dogs, horses, catde,
goats, ehickens or crops.
"1try to make it fun, bU[ it really is a serious
problem," said J etry Miller. the Web sites
founder. They often don't have lime 10 meet
new people, or mey live in sueh small towns
thal the dating pooll is limiled.
Those working in lhe f.lfming need to flnd
someone who accepts the lifesryle, and some-
times it's even hard for one f.umer to undets-
tand another one. "There's a lar someone has
(Qput up with4." Miller said. [ DI11/icn OJto
Say l i d o l like a Princess
IF YOUR NUPTlAL DREAMS INCLUDE A FAIRY-TALEs
WEDDlNG, WAIT DlSNEY CO. MIGHT HAVETHE
I'ERFECT SOLUTION.
THE COMPANY 15USING 11'5 STABLE6
of imaginary prineesses as inspira-
tion for a new line of wedding
gowns. Disney and bridal de;igner
Kirstie Kelly have developed a line
of ethereal gowns mal pay homage
10
7
Cinderella, J asmine, Snow
White, Afiel and Sleeping Bemry.
"They will be high-f.lshion and very
modern," said Paulette Cleghorn, from
New Yotk publie-relations flrm represen-
ling Kelly. "We ate modernizing the ptin-
eess eoneepr. There isa differenee betwe-
en a girl who is inspired by Snow White
and one who wants to dress like Snow
White." I 011VlOpl," Boyd
~\
\
. . . .-. ,"
VOCABULARY _ . . _
1 calf (plural: calves): ayoung Cl)W. or thc=young of various olhef large marnmals, including dephanu and whales 1 2 breed: to kecp (anim;ll~
or planrs) for che purpose of prooucing young animals or planu 1 3 dating pool: the number of rrt'plc available for dadng 1 4 to put up
with: tolerare lO endure or tolerate without complaint 15 fairy tale: asro!")'for ehildrcn about fairiesor orhct irnaginary bcings and c:vcnts, often
containing amoral message 16 stable: agro"P of pcoplc who perform asimilar activit)' and who are traincd by the same persan or employcd by (he
~ameorganil3.tion 1 7 pay homage to: show re~pecr and often praise for apcrsonJ cnrity
Count on t hi s
sheep f or
good sleep
WEl.L, IlERE ARE 1'WO WAYS 1'0 ENSURE 1'IlA1'
ehildren and theit parents don't lose a second
of shut-eye'. The Sleep Sheep produces fout
soothing
2
sounds -a mother's heartbeat.
spring showers, oeean surf ami whale songs-
to help a baby sleep through the night. The
sruffed sheep atraehes ro the outside of the
erib
3
with aVelero strap. The removable
sound box ineludes adjustable volullle, an
omomatic tillleout feature and push-butron
sound sclcction.
Sleep aid also comes in the form of Lavender
1.1b, which uses oromatherapy ro hclp induce
sleep. nside the Labrador relrie,er is 100
percenr organic lavender4. Thc aroma lasts
up ro five yeors. Ir is reeommendeo for ages 2
ano oloer. Produets are availoble at
www.babyccmer.com.1 K m -alrrM ilkr.
The Sleep Sheep produces four
soothing sounds to help a baby sleep
through the night.
VOCA~ULARY . .
2SMR~4U
7
L
1 shut-eye: illfilfmal slecp 12 soothing: making YOIl feel ealm 13 crib: US a sll1;11l bcll fclf a baby 14 lavender: a plalll which has gr('y~
grccn nccdle.like lcaves and small. pale purplc n(lwcrs with a li lr ong smell. or ils dritxJ t1nwcrs ami s{cms which have a Il!c;ls;ml smdl15 play(i ng)
it safe: al so. play Solfe. ro aV{' li d cxucrnc ri,ks
8
Gadgets
Graphic Splash
Edition Vio
S on)' offers G raphic S plash E dition Vaio
notebook computers, wrapped' in limited.
edition patterns like P ink S 'NirI2. E ngraved
personalization also is offe'ed, in e and AR
series Vaio laptops. (About $919,99)
www.sonystyle.com
iPhone
Apple's iP hone is three devices
3
in one: the
world's most advanced iP od', an incredibly
advan:ed cell phone and a full.blown
Internet access device. (About $599)
www.apple.com
VOCABULARY
1 wrapped: cnclosed securdy in a covcringof
pa~r oc [he Iike 2 swirl: [he sbape of somcrhing
rorating rapidly. Iikc a spiral I 3 device(s}: an
object :u machinc which has beco invcntcd to fulfil
a parti:ular purpo~I 4 IPod: A brand of media
playc:r manufacfUrc:d by Applc: Compurcr [har
seares media on deher a small hard drive or flash
memory. I 5 point-and-shoot: describes a
c.amer thar rc:quircs no adjunment by rhe usee
befare: toong a phOl:0gt2ph. becausc: me focw and
apasure are adjusrl, auromatically oc are nX M I 6
built.in lenses: lcoses [har are pcrmanently
attach=d and cannor be easily removed I 7
panoramic shot(s): an informal photograph
usu.all)' made with a smalJ hand-held camera from
an a1ri:ude or distance
LEVELS: INTERMEDIATE I UPPER INTERMEDIATE 9
TECHNOLOGY FAN? [FTHE ANSWER [SVES,
YOU SHOULD CHECK OUR MONTHLY SELECTION
OF COOL GIZMOS.
I By Aamer Madhani
Kodak EasyShare V570
Kodak EasyShareV5l0 digital 5 megapixel camera is a point-ard-shoot
S
with two built-in
lenses'. allowing lar zoom ard wide-angle shots. It can take panaramic shots
7
which are
great lor vacation scenes. Big rear screen to view photos and sE! up shots. (About $299.95)
www.kodak.com
Zen Nano Plus
The C reative Zen Nano Plus is a good iPod
4
alternative. This 1-
giga byte piayer is easy to use and is powered by AAA batteries.
(About $55.99)
www.creative.com
I
I
I
j
Boaters investigate a house
isolated by floodwaters
fromthe Snohomish River
inSnohomish. Washirigton.
I By Robert S. Boyd

An international group of scientists saysthe Earth iswarming,

most Iikely due to human activities. We take alook at the possible
causes of this phenomenon, the debate over its effects and how
we'll have to adapt to the changing climate.
1.1.DI' A SUDDEN Al.MOST EVERYONE,
secms TO agree rhar global warming is
a serious problem. After deeades of
argumenr, uenial oc indifferencc,
pressure is m::mnting f oc action ro
slow clown (he accelerating cisc in
Eanh's rcmperature.
A new consenslIs repon by lhe warld's scientisrs wacns
thar human aetivitics - notably the hurning of fossil
fuels made from oil and coal - will almost eertainly
cause rnOfe incense heat waVe5, storms, floods Jnd
droughrs1, melt iceeaps' and glaeiers, and ehange agri-
culture. Rising sea levels may drowll coasrlines and
low-Iying islands and ciries.
The Bush administration embraeed
l
rhe Feb. 2 report
on global warming by rhe Inrergovernmental Panel on
Climatc Change (IPCC). USA Congress is
hurrying legislation ro deal ",ith rhe threat.
Changes are eoming in the kinds of ears peo-
pie drive. rhe utiliries that gencrate e1eerrici-
ty. rhe cosr of fuel and where homes are
built.
The goal of all this aeriviry is to reduce the
aeeumulation of earbon dioxidc (C02) and omer
"grccnhollse gascs"4 [har trap [he sun's heat and warm
the Earth. The amounr of C02 in the atmosphere has
risen hy 35 pereenr sinee I sao, and could douhle by
the end of this eenrury.
Scientists 5ay humans already have produced so ffiuch
C02 rhat the world will eontinue ro warm and the
seas ro cise f oc ccnturies, perh::.ps rhousands of years.
Sinee further warrning is inevitable. people will have
to adapt ro it, even if ir mcans majar changes in [heie
Iifestyle.A dwiudliug
5
baud of c1imare skeprics. dis-
pures the peril
7
. They argue rhat the evidenee fot
warming is shaky" and the proposed remedies won't
work and would damage the economy. They are a dis-
rinct minoriry now.
Some cxpens even fcar (har rhe world's climate may be
nearing a "ripping poim"9, when runaway warming
begins ro feed on itself,leadillg oa global e.1tastrophe.
ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING
What callses it? Aeeording ro me IpCC, people ate
responsible for "mosr" of ir. Burning fossil' /Uels in
ca,s and faetories and clearing forests inerease rhe
arnount of carbon diox:ide
(C02) in the atmosphere. C02 is a "greenhouse gas"
rhar rraps the sun's heat and warms the Earth. C02
levels rose from 2S0 parts per million moleeules in the
atmosphere before IS00 to 379 parts per million last
year. At the presenr rare rhey will reaeh abour 550
parts per mili ion by 2100. The amount of methane.
another greenhollse gas. has more than doubled.
Clouds. volcanie erupjons and aerosols rend ro eool
the Earth. and the sun's hcat varies slighrly over time.
BU( ,hese "nawra'" causes are
overwhelmed'. by rhe human
facrors, the IPCC
insists.
How fast is the World
warming?
The IPCC says the
rate of necease dur-
ing rhe industrial
era, sinee abollt 1s ao,
is almost eertainly rh, fastesr in more than 10.000
years. from rhe end of rhe las! lee Age. Over rhe lasr
100 years. measuremenrs show rhat average global
remperarures rose by 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit. and the
inerease is aeeeleraring. The lasr half-eenrury has been
the warmesr in 500 years, probably in 1.300 years.
Eleven of the past 12 )'ears are rhe warmest tecorded
sinee IS50. Upper levels of !he oeean have also heat-
ed up. eausing the warer ro expando Along wirh the
tunoffl' from melring ice. this raised average sea J e,--
e1sby almost 7 inches since 1900.
What is the evidena f r global warl1ling?
Scicntisrs measure rising temperarures on (he ground,
in the air and in the ocean. Sarellite. ground and
oeean observations have improved substanrially in !he
J I
VOCABULARV
.-~- . --~- . - --
1 droughts: a temporarr ~honagcuf rainfal112 icecap(s): a m;l~SoficC' and snow that pcrmanenrly CO'licrs a brge arca oflanJ I 3 embrae(ed):
10 acccpl (i(!C;lS, bdkfs, or upinionsl with grcat Iuerest or emhusi;um 1 4 greenhouse gases: components of rhe armospherc rh;1t conrribute (O
rhe Greenhouse e1lecr I 5 dwindl(ing): becoming smaller in sll.c or amount, or f("\\'cr in numher I 6 skeptic(s): a persoll "",ho doubrs rhe rrurh
or valut" nf an idea or hdiefl7 peril: grcu dange-r, or something [har is ver)' dan&erous 1 8 shaky: /lO[ seC.lrco( sulid, casil)' refmablc 1 9 tipping
point: [he roint ar which; slo .....rcvcrsihe changt. becorncs irreversible. often .... ith dramaric constquences 1 1 0 overwhelm(ed): ro make (some-
thing or somcor,c) pow('r1e-ss by miflg fura or by inrroducing ton IllUdl or toO many of somerhing 111 runoff: rainfJ.ll nOI absorhed by soil
12
r~:':.:" ::'{\l~'~',,~:,:)(. .. ';,t'/;'~~:"~'=""r~,'b4" -i.l.~
Cover Sto ~> ~t)~t~R~'N~i .,~. l" ;!:'<.~,. '.. :" .. ry .,"'" .
So..>r(~c..,bon Cyd~Gr...,nl>:>u,~c..."'1 Glovp. Hdd~ C~nlt" lo. C~matePredetl
.00 A.alanch" ("hler, x,ipp' ImlllullDn01Oc:unaq'.phy, Um~r'ilty o/ W.l.hlnql<
six years sinee rhe last IPCC
report, and more powerful eom-
puters are analyzing rhe dara,
Researehers moniror widespread
melring of snow and ice, rhaw-
ing
12
of acerie tundra and rising
sea levels, Their dara include rain
and wind pattcrns, changes in
ocean currcnts, more frcquenr
droughrs. more inrcnsc tropical
storms, earlier spring snow melr,
more hor days and fewer cold
nighrs, The amoun' of C02
spewed
13
inro ,he allllosphere
inereased from 6.4 billion rons a
year in ,he 1990s 10 7.2 billion
'ons per year sinee 2000. The
IPCC says ,he evidenee of warm-
ing is now beyond doubt.
What does the ftture look like?
The outlook is sobering 14. Even if
greenhouse gas emissions could
be held ro their eurrent level,
which is virtually impossible, rhe
world will warm mueh faster in
rhe 21st eentury rhan ir did ir, rhe
20rh. Global rempera,ures are
expeered ro rise by more ,han 5
degrees by 2100 - perhaps as
mueh as 11 degrees. Snow eover
and sea ice will continuc ro
shrink
1S
, The North Pole mal'
lose irs ice cap. There will be more
extrcl"ne heat waves and more
intcnse hurric3ncs. Nonhern lati-
tudes will get more rain, sou,hern
regions less, ehanging ,he praetice
of agrieul,ure. Sea levels will rise
berween 7 and 23 lnehes, rhrear-
cning coasrlincs.
el/n global w,mning be stopped?
Scicntisrs say no, ar cas[ Ilor foc
hundreds of years. Thc momen-
rum.
6
eaused by rhe world's
expanding human popula,ion and
its mounting uemand foc energy,
mostly from coal and oi!, makes
further warming inevirable, C02
produeed by human aeriviries will
contribute ro warmng and sea
level rise for rhousands of years,
rhe IPCC predicrs.
But me rrend can be slowed by
developing vehicles and power
plants rhar emir fe\Ver greenhouse
gases, by using more alternative
energy sources such as sun, wind
and nuclear power, and by finding
a
Reflecte<!
" '"
Greenhouse gases r
Carbon dioxlde',
methane and
.mtraus oKide
ways [Q capture and srore cxcess
carbono Individuals as well as COI11-
panies can help by buying fuel-
em,ienr ears, applianees and
Iighrs.
DIFFERING VIEW5
ror deeades; global warming has
been me subjeer of furious argu-
ments. Now rhe debare has shifred.
The overwhelming
17
majoriry of
the Earth's scientisrs and policy-
makers'., including George W.
Bush, agree rhar (he world is really
getting warmer and rhar humans
are rhe ehief eulprits.
9
. The
rernaining conrrovcrsies are mostly
ayer how severe [he impact of
higher remperarures and rising seas
will be, and what can or should be
done abour ir.
As spring arrives in the Arctic,
new research suggests average
temperatures are rising and ice
caps are quickly melting. A
receding glacler in Southern
Greenland is one of many that
has retreated (melted)
dramatieally.
Sun's rays
VOCAIiUL~RY .. _._ __' ... ~, _, ....
12 thawing: mdting 113 spew(ed): to cjca er send out in largequmtities 114 sobering: rCrlding to mah saber ar more senous 115
shrink: to become smaller, ar (O makesomething smaJ ler 116 momentum: the forc~(har k~~ps,in object moving or keeps an :vem d~. c1oping
after it has started 117 overwhelming: very gre4r or very largc 118 pollcymaker(s): aperson rciponsible for making policy, esp. in govern-
ment I 19 culprit(s): someone who ras done something wrong or isguilry
Heat absorbed by greenhouse gases r.aises the planet's temperature
The natural greenhouse effect 15vital to I fe on Earth, but industrial emissions ha. e boosted the atrnosphere'slnsulatlng pow~r.
13
.f'd Rf1N,ch. ~l~"","" 1PI""I on (~mll" ChaOg<!. "~tory o/u,s. G .I!'tnrn:.u"," Em'ulcnsandSIn ,900"2003, N"S.. NOAA, ItO"~_~ WN1Mr
" Un' "~y of ZlIflch. U.5. [nvlf(lntl .n' FJ olK'lI,,,, "9""<y. US, Go<IIogkol Su.-, Wo,ld Goli(l~r MOMorlng s.rvtc.
1
Sorne ofthe sun's energy
is reflected back to space
Absorbed heat
in Earth's surface
2
Remalnlng ra~sare
absorbed by !ando sea
andair
3
Sorne absorbed heat 15
radlated back toward space
4
But natural aod mano
madefr~nhoU5e
gases, luch as carbon
dioxideand methane. trap
thls ~eat inthe atmmphere
5
Trapped
heat re-radiates
back toward the
Earth
Sorne holdouts
20
remain. Senarar
J ames Inhofe (ROkla.), says the
IPCC repon is "the eorruption of
seienee for politieal gain." Willlam
O'Keefe, CEO of the George
Marshall nstitute, a conservative
Washington think tank
2
1, says pre-
dierions of a "c1imate eatastrophe
in rhis century are unjustified."
"Anyone who says that the planet is
warming at ao ncrcasing cate is
simply dead wrong
22
," says Pauiek
Michaels, professor of environ-
mental science at [he University of
Virginia and author of"Me!tdown:
The I'redietable Distonion of
Global Warming by Seientists,
Politicians, and rhe Media."
Fred Singer, an atlllosphetie physi-
cisr at George Masan Universiry in
Fairfax, Va., insists that global
warming is nor (he resule ofhuman
aetivity but of natural causes, slleh
as variadons in [he sun's radiarion.
There are al50 disagreemenrs
among mainsrream scentists 011
the rate of sea leve! tise and on the
cooneerioo berween warming and
the frequency of hurrieanes. Sorne
T h e S i g n s
Health effects
Deadlyheat, wavesandthespread01mosquito.borne
diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.
Ocean warming
Consequenees:morepowerful hurrieanes,coral ree!
bleaehing
23
, earlyicethaw
24
, sea-Ievelriseandincreased
eoastal fiooding.
E cosystem disruption
25
Consequences: plant and animal ranges mo'.'e to higher
latitudes and elevations, 1055of species to extinetion as
plantsandanimals!hat eannot adapt dieofl26,
Arctic warming
Consequentes: meltingiceraisessealevels,andthaw.
ingpermalrost
27
releasesmethane, apowerfulgreen-
housegas.
Ice cap and g1acier melting
Consequentes: risingsea levels,andasharpdropin
summer water flows in mountain watersheds
28
.
Y OCABULARY _ _. _ . _ _ _ _ _ __.. . _ _ _ .
20 holdout(s): anegotiator whohope~10 gaioconcessions by n:fusingrocome ro(ccm. I 21 think tank: J group of pc()plc e..~tablishcdhy
govcrnmcllt oc organilaliun in urder ro ad,'ise fhem on pJ .rticulr subjccls and lOsuggcst ideas I 22 dead wrong: complctely wrong Of mistaken I
23 bleaching: rhe whirencss rhar [('sult; from rcmoving mecolor from somclhing I 24 thaw: lO(causem) changc from asolid. fmuo sute [OJ .
quid or 50ft one. becallsc of;in increa~einrempcraturc I 25 disruption: rhe ae! uf prcvcnting somerhiog, tspccially asyncm. proccss Of evem, froro
cominuing as usual Of as expectcd I 26 die off: become exrinct I 27 permafrost: an arca of boJ wh;ch is permanendy froz.cn, whose sUfface
melts in Ihe sumiller and frecres again in t~eJ .utumn 128 watershed(s): an area of high ground fmm whkh water flows clown to ariver
14
1 QUIZ:The following is a list of actions which
could contribute to increasing global warming or
reducing it. According to the text, which you think
would help solve the problem (5), which would
useless (U) or make it even worse (W)?
a > Planting trees around your house to cut eooling eosts
in summer.
b >Supporting the produetion 01 renewable energy sueh
as wind and solar energy
e > Usingair conditioning 12hours a day during the
summer, as most offlCebuildings do.
d >Replaeing S eommonly used light bulbs with low energy
spiral (CFL)bulbs.
e > Purchasing ten pereent 01 your electriCltyIrom a green
power source such as wind, solar or geothermal.
f > Keeping your ear off the road to and from work one day
per week by teleworking, earpooling, riding a bike,
or using publie transportation.
9 >Deeorating YOJ rhause for Christmas with 100 lights,
h >Motivating our eleeted offieialsto give Global Warming
top priority.
i > Installinglow-Ilow shower heads to use less hot water.
2 FOCUSON GRAMMAR:The following paragraph has
been extracted from the article you have read. Without
golng back to the text, fill in the blanks with the
missing prepositions
1 g,lobal warming
What causes il? Aeeording to the PCC,people are responsible
2 "most" 01 il. Surning foss;1 luels 3
_____ earsand lactories and clearinglorests inereasethe
amount 01 earbon dioxide (GJ 2) in the atmosphere. C02 is a
"greenhouse gas" that traps the sun's heat and warms the
Earth. COl levelsnose4 280 parts per millionmol-
eeules inthe atmosphere 5 1800 to 379 parts per
million last year. At the present rate they wllI reaeh 6
_____ 550 parts per millionby 2100. The amount 01
methane, another greenhouse gas, has more than doubled.
Clouds, voleanieeruptions and aerosols lend to cool the Earth,
and the sun's heat variesslightly7 time. Sut these
"natural" causes are overwhelmed 8 the human
lactors, the IPCCinsisls.
,{q (8 'J <J AO (L lnocp (9 'aJ 0laq (5 'WOJ J < v 'uJ (E 'J oJ (Z 'noq'i (1 (Z
S (1 's (4 'M (6 's (J 's (a 's (P 'M P 'S (q 'S (E'(~:A.l)l H3MSNV
expens be/kve higher COl J evels are
benign, at least in (he shoet run,' because
rhey make planrs grow faster.
A majar dispure is between the Bush admin-
isrration and congressional Democrars who
are calling foc a mandatory "cap''>' on COl
emlSSlOns. The president, like most
Republieans, opposes a cap and urges volun-
tar)' action by individual s and businesses.
CHANGES 10 COME
Since global warming can be slowed bU[ not
sropped. scienris(s say humaniry must
adjust to tbe inevitable climate changos
headed our \Vay.They caU this "adaptadon"
as opposed ro "mirigation" of rising seas and
temperarure~. The most dramatic efTecrs
won'r occue fOf decaJ es oc even ccnturies,
aUowing time for gradual acclimatization to
future realities.
Adaptation will bring winnets as well as los-
ers. Regions that are already dry may become
uninhabirable, but Siberia and Canada could
become the \Yorld's breadbasket
3o
.
Researchers are already devdoping l1ew
drough(-resi~[anr strains
31
of whear and rice,
and new wa(er~saving mcrhods of irrigarion.
Sorne eoastal cides and setrlements may
have ro be abandoned al trcmendous COS[,
reversing the currem tendency of pea pIe 10
move fmm inland areas ro nearer rhe water.
Unfortunardy, rhe pooresr societies are
those least ahle 10 adapto AE
29 mandatory "cap-: 3n ohligatory uppcr mil on
whJ .[ isallowed 130 the world's bread basket: gl'()~
graphic region mving as thc principal SOUI'tt uf grain I31
strain(s): an animal or planr fram a particular group
whose charac((:rislics are dffercnr in sorne way from others
of the saIne grO;P
us'ershop. red users. COI11
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16
ITS INHABITANTS A~SURFTHAr ISTHE ivlOST BEAUTIFUL
AND CIVIUZED CITY IN TI lE WORLD. WI-IETHER YOUR
ACREE OR NOT, WELCOME TO THE PLACEOF ROMANCE,
DELICHTFUL' COOKINC AND ASTONIS~IlNC2
ARCHITFc:TURE, WHl,RE YOU CAN BRLATH ART.
F THE UNIVERSE HAn A CONTEST FOR BEST
city, and Eanh was alowed just one emry3,
this should beit. Parsmay beexpensive, but
all the things that makelifewonh living are
cheap or free: the walking, rhewine, the museums,
the croissants, the speedy Metta", rhe spring ait that
smells of sweet hyacimhs
S
, the an in the subway sta-
tions. Even the expensive things -hotels and resrau-
tams- ate wonh it. Especially the food, which is so
good my 10w-key6lS-year-old daughter exclaimed,
"My mouth isdancing with joy."
Thete isaluster' ro [ifehere, asif you atein apaim-
ingOtafilm. Strolling" the Luxembourg Gatdens, the
scatrered" ctDwd seems ro be placed in green metal
chairs as if posing fot an anisr. A couple kisseson a
bench. A !itrlegirl with striped tights mns past asrat-
ue of a Greek godoTwo du,ks wadd1e'o on bright
gteen gtass thtDugh crocuses". A woman in abtight
redsweatet reads LeMonde. The skyisChina blue".
[ look around for the ditector. Who planned this,
Who isthat talented?
VOCABULARY . __ _ _
I By Ellen Creager
Inspring, ParisiansPOUt
13
fromrheir oflJ cesand walk
arm-in-atm on the sr:eers, fllling cafes, turning their
facesroward the sun. When it rains, they hurry about
with sty!ishbelted black taincoats.
Walk. Each district ismore lovelythan the last. Some
famous ateas (the funky Marais, the Latin Quaner)
are well-known. We srayed near the Louvre on the
Righr Bank.
1could tell you all th, places rogo in Paris, but you've
already heard of mosr of them: Yes,go ro the Louvte.
Yes, the Mona Lisa is wonh ir. Yes, go ro the Eiffel
Tower, all theway to the ropoYes,takeaboat rideon
the Seine. Walk in thegardens. Eat in asidewalk cafe.
Go imo Norre Dame cathedra!. Yes,SacreCoeur has
a good view, and, if you're curious, see the Moulin
Rouge'sdancing girls.
But you know that already.
What do you teally need to know? In this city, flower
bouquers ate soId in vending machines
14
. Excellent
wine is cheaper [han water. Croissanrs are somerhing
God would ear. One- and 2-euro coins look a lot
, delightful: gn=atly pleasing or enrertaining J 2 astonishing: so surprisingly impn:ssive as ro srun or o'..erwhclm 13 entry: {he act of taking pan
in compe[ition 14 the Metro: an urtderground dcetric railway system in sorne cities, especially in France 15 hyacinth(s): a ple-.u.am-smdling plan!
wi(h a 10( of small flo~'C'rs16 low-key: withou( airs or pretensions; modeS(; re.'iCrvedand with no intensio:l lO auract a 10[ of ancntion 17 luster: the
quality of b ei n g auraetive or speciall8 stroll(i n g ): to waJ k in a slow rc1axed manner, I."spedally for pc~ureI9scatter.e~:dimibUll."d hcre and
mere without order 110 waddle: (uSlally of a persao or anima.l with shor( legs and a fa[ body). lO walk .nh shon Sleps, swmglllg me body frotll one
side (O [he: other 111 crocus(es): a !maU ydlow, whiu~or purple spring f10wcr \12 Chi n a blue: a r..ale greyish blue 113 pour: lO lloV o' ~Ulckl)'
and in large amounts \14 vending machine(s): a machine )'OU pur money ioto lO buy small items such as packagl"s of f ooJ, can Jy, and dflnks.
---------------------
_________ r'_ _
18
alike. In the Metro, ifan arro\\' is
poinring down, that means "go
here," not "go downsmir.s," But ir
an arrow is poinring in aH}' other
dreedan, go rhar \Vay.
In Pars, women can rde (he
Metro alone at night. The hes pic-
tures of the Eiffe! Towet should be
taken from the Palais de ehaillot
Where logO
EIFFEL TO UR
lhis is tlle mas! emblema!ic (onslructior of he
(!y. Built in 1889 by F rench archited, Gustave
Elffel. it boasts 17 one 01the bes! visits in Pars.The
two first sedions can be d((l'ssed walking up stairs
and the last one by elevalcr,
NO TRE O AME
O ne 01 the oldl."S 1 Gothic cathedrals in F rance.
S urrounded bV lhe S iene, in the ~alt sland 01 C it,
it inspired \'ietor Hugo 10 .vrite !he nov~ Noue
Dame de ?ais.
S AC RE C O EUR
1I is locdted in the Montmame neighbor~ood, old
home lo artists and writers..Thele isa baslica on a
hiU mal you can reach after climbing a (cnsidera-
ble number of steps and tra",eling on a C 3b!e rai!
way 18. It is he seeond lTost important :ity after
Notre Dame.
LO UVRE MUSEUM
located in the loU\'re P a aee, ttllS is ore of the
most importan! museums 311over the WO I d. ~thas
a coUection of '8bout 300,000 alt pieces. o which
35,000 are exhibited. Among he most significan!
work.s in exhibition, we ~nd -l.l Gloccnda" by
Leonardo da Vinci and the .Venus de ~.MJ ~
. .:
across the river (Trocadero MellO
stop.) Nobody eats dinner till 9
p,m., so if you want qllickcf serv-
ice eat at 8, and dot get over-
whelmed's by aH the choices of
places ro eat; ,hey're aH pretty
good. Watch out fot a 19.6 per-
cent sales tax on virtually cvery-
thing.
HO TEL O ES INVALlO ES
There test he temains 01 Napolen Bonaparte. is
building dates back [O the XVII century and its
construetion was ordered by louls XIV of F rance to
house 19 the homeless war veterans..
LES C HAMP S ELYS ES
les C hamps Ely~fs ~ 1880 meters long and Ihe
largest avenue h P aris. 11conoeets he C on.(de
S quare with the Arc of Triumph, a 49 meler-high
and a 45 rneter.wide monument, built at the order
of Naooleon Bonaparte to C ele:)l"ale his viaor~ in
the Battle of Au~INhtz (1805),
THE PALACE O F VERSALLES
This old royal residence \'vas bult under me reign of
Luis XIV The YlorJ :s ""ere carried out in hree
slag F rom 1661 to 1668, when j was a hunt
palac!, from 1668 to 1678, when the royal court
moved in there and tinal1y, from 16J8 lO 1680,
when he chape was erected.
BASTlLLE O AY
Tnis c!!lebration :akes place every J uly 14
m
lo com-
memorale the s:art of the F rt>rx::hRevolution with
he st>ize
20
01 Bastille. Visitors may enjoy militar)'
parades, fire'h'or:,s and the F iremen's BaH
The Palaee 01Versalles was buill
under lhe reign of Luis XIV.The
works were carried out in three
slages. From 1661 lo 1668,
when it was a hunt palace, 'rom
1668lo 1678, when lhe royal
eourt moved in lhere and finally,
Irom 1678 lo 1680, when lhe
chapel was erected.
Even ,hough Paris is a formal city,
ieispcrfecd}' Hne tu wear neat blllc
je. ll1s. It is nor fine ro ear or drink
anywhere in public except a cafe O f
rCHauranr unlcss YO il wam icy
starcs
16

Thcrc's more, bur I forgcl ir.

Anyway, these are all jUst de,aHs.
Paris is a fabulous city, and if rou
ger a chance to go there. }'O U
should do it. You will fee! at hume
and happy.
Tr:lV(~lIm"sTips
\'(hen ro go: Paris can be visited
any rime of rhe ye<lr,but rhe mos[
pleasam seasons are Spring and
Fall. The hottest monrhs are J uly
and August and the coldest,
December
Haw ro move around: Paris, as
well as LO lldon and Madrid, has
Dileof ,he largest subway lIelWorks
in Europe. Due ro lhe city's largc
surf.1ce. this is ul1doubtedly ,he
most convenicllt means of trans~
port since ir is rhe f.1.SteSI anJ
cheapest one. If you are going lO
stay for a few days, you mal' get a
subway card to save money and
rime. The bus service is also \'cry
good, and offers around 60 lincs.
A;. usual, for short distanccs, the
besr option is ro walk. AE
1S overwhelmed: rend!'r!'d powerless !'spcciaU)' byan exccssive;lffiounr oi ' somerhing 116 icy stares: cold fixoo lonks with !'}'eswiJ c nr
cn
1
17 boast(s): [O have or posses.ssam:lhing ro be proud afl18 cable railway: :1 r.l.il"",.yuplh!' sid:ofamounrain pullcd by.;l moving a.ble
J .nd h.O l.,'ing couO (!'rbalandng ascendinr; and desccnding CJ .rs119 ha use: lO giveapcrson ar animal a place lo ive 120 seize: seiu and t.akecon-
trol withour J urhoriry and possihl)' wirh force
. . . s u b s c r i b e t o
E X P A N D I T
. ;;';;;~~~, , :::, 7 :::;":::'- :::"'~- - - - - - - -
frD '" """""
_,4 _._..... tUUIPO I 5i;(;lI"IO~1>l!ifOIl~"l e
"~:;ll,A,AAJl.lllllo\"r.JO PI
20
1 By Aamer Madhani
As Iraq's President and afterwards, during the trial
in which he was condemned to death.
Saddam Hussei n
is regime murdered at least 300,000
01 his eountrymen, aeeording to
estimates by human-rights groups.
But Saddamalso lelt a legaeyin his
eountry as a sort 01 Mesopotamian
revolutionary: a nationalist leader
who stood up t0
3
the American
superpower.
Hewas born April 28, 1 937, to a poor
lamily in the village 01 al-Awja, near the city
01 Tikrit. His lather died belore he was born,
and he was sent to "ve with his maternal
uncle.
In 1 957, he joined the Baath Party4.Two
years alter, he was bund eomplieit
5
in a
lailed assassinationattempt against
PresidentAbdul KarimQasim, and was
'oreed to f1 ee
6
to Egypt. He returned to Iraq
in 1 963 alter the eountry's lirst Baathist
regime took power Ina COUp7.Fiveyears
later, a relative 01 Saddam's became
president 01 the Revolutionary Command
Council and he took eharge 01 the nation's
seeurity apparatus'. On J uly 1 6, 1 979,
Saddamloreed AI-Bakr to retire and was
sworn' in as Iraq's presiden!.
From his ascension to the presidency,
western governments -including the
United States- recognized Saddam as a
ruthless strongman, but someone they
could do business with.
Fromhis aseensionto the presideney,western
governments -including the United States- recognized
Saddamas a ruthless'O strongman, but someone they
could do businesswith. During :he 1 980s, the U.S.
government tolerated Saddambecausethey had a
eommon enemy in the Shiite" theoeraey,2 that ruled
Iran. In September 1 930, Saddarnlaunehed an
in'lasion, setting off
13
an eight-year war in whieh the
U.S. supported his country by providing satellite
intelligenee and relusing to sell the Iranian military
spare parts 'or its mostly Ameriean-made weaponry
In August 1 990, Saddam's troops invaded another oil-
rieh neighbor, Kuwait. That was when the U.s.
government stopped supporting him. From1 991 to
the end 01 Saddam's 'egime in April 2003, Iraq lived
under paralyzing Unit=d Nations sanetions that turned
the oil-rieh country into a Middle Eastbaekwater. But
it wasn't until the September 1 1 th, 2001 attaeks that
tre U.S. tru1 yloeused on ousting Saddam. Alter the
Talibanwas ousted, 8ush cited evidenee that Iraq had
attempted to buy weapons-grade uranium in Alriea,
underseoring the need to take swilt aetion against
Saddam. The allegation later proved to be unlounded.
Without U.N. baeking and with a relatively small band
01 allies, the u.s. began the air assault on Baghdad
on Mareh 20, 2003. For more than eight months,
Saddamremained on the lam. On December 1 3th,
2003, U.S. Army soldiers eaught him erouehed" in a
hole dug in the Iloor 01 a mud hut'5 where he hid
with a pistol and several hundred thousand dollars in
cash. Hewas executed on Deeember 30th 2006 lor
the homicide 01 1 48 Shiites in 1 982.AE
lEV l UPPER N RM I A I VAN D 21
OVER HIS 24 YEARS AS PRESIOENT OF IRAQ, HE EARNEO THE MONIKER'
BUTCHER OF BAGOAO BY RULlNG WITH BRUTE FORCE,TORTURE
ANO CUNNINGz. ALTHOUGH THE U.S. SUPPORTEO HIM MANY TIMES.
VOCABULARY
1moniker: (humorous) anamenrnickname 12 cunning: describes
people wha are:' dever at planning somcrhhg $0 Ch:H rhey gl:'t whac they
wam, cspt"Ciallybytricking orhcr people 13 stood up to: ro n::siH ar
refl.:sero be cowed by somebody ar ro re/i.m: ro b.lck down; tcmain salid
14 8aath Party: The A rab Sodalist Baa:h Party was foundcd in 1947
a.~a radical, sC'cular A ra.b nationalisr poli:icaJ parry I 5 complicit:
nvolved in somcrhing iI I egal at wrong I 6 flee: ro escape byrunning
;1way. especia]])' because of dangcr nr rear I 7 coup: sudden I legal.
ofren valcor, taking of govcrnment powcr, cspccially by (pan of) :lO
:trmy I8 apparatus: :lOorganizadon or s)'Stcrn, cs~cially a politkal
om: 19sworn (partidple 01 5wear) I n: (O induct into office by
administration of an oath 110 ruthless: wilhout ml::rcy or pi!)' 111
Shiite: a membcr of dI e scccmd largest rdigiolls lllovement within
I slam. which is hascd 00 (he be:ief that A I i. a lm:mbcr of M oharnmcd'
famil)', aod the (cachen who Clme aftee hi:TI , were the true rcligiOlI 1
eade" 112 theocracy: government of a u.ue byimmediate divine
guidance or by o:Tldals who are rcgarded as divinely guided 1 13
set{ting) off: set io mOl ion or cause ro hegin 114 crouch(ed):
with your knecs 1I eOlm tha( )'ou are close 10(he ground alcaning toward
,dighdy 1 1S mud hut: lemporary military sheher made of soft wel
eanh
- .:
ON THE CD A UDI O A RTlClE &M ORE EXERCI SES
sc
Computer assembles.sean into 3-D image
01 sample's surfaee
Needle seans aeross sample
Light detector senses tiny motions 01 needle
2
3
Example: Image 01 microscopic diamond grains
grown on a carbon surlace
lcr
Needle support
Ultra-sharp needle
Sample
, ACTUAL ENGLlSH
Laser light bounees'off
a probe needle
5
~
touehing sample
4
Laser Light detector ,.
s P
1
21
Sample
Needle
taps
sample
Needle
hovers
7
over
sample
Needle
touches
sample
Light detector
~-
Needle ~
. . . . . . . . ~
~ Scaning path
. , . - - - _ . . . . - "
. . - - . - - . . .
~.-" . . . . - _ - .
- - _ . . . . - - - - . . ~
~ _ . . - - _ .
. . . . _ . . . . _ . . -

'\. . . . . . - . . _ - . .


Scanning options
~ 1 nano: une billionrh lIO.')). S)'llIbol n 12 nanometer: a rnclric un:1uflt'ngth equ.J fOone bi~li()nth of:llll::rrr
(0,000 noo r)()I of J meud 13 bounce(s): 10 1ll0Vl' up or 3way alll'r hill.llg a~urbl-C 14 sample:. 1 ~m;lll J nlllCll1of.\ suh~[allcc Iha! :1dO
t
lOl
with a n .an o ' uiew
Atomic force microscopes can see objects
as small as a nanometer
2
, which is one-
billionth of a meter or one-25 millionth
of an inch. A hair is about 75,000
nanometers thick.
Two atomic force microscopes;
each isabout the size of a
standard tabletop microscope
01sciclltisr wllcclS in Ol'tlcr to C'xamineir IS probe needle: a long thin mcta! {(xII that ispUl insidc something to lest 01rtCord infornl.uion
16 assemble: to bring paru togcmer in asingle group 17 hover{s): to ~main iuspended over aplace 01 cbject
26 Music ACTUAL ENGLlSH .
DAVE "THE EDGE" EVANS: guilar,pianoand vocal,.
Bom: Aug. B, 1961. Di d you know1The Edgegrewup in
Ireland,the,on 01Wel,hparenls.Althoughhevi,itedWale>during
childhoodholiday" heidentifie>stronglywith hi, Iri,htieso
PAUL "BDND" HEWSON: leadvacol, and guilar. Born:
May lO, 1960. Di d you know1 Bonoadopted hi, namelromthe
BonoVoxHearingAidCa.,hop inDublin.
LARRY MULLEN JR.: drummer.Born: Oct. 31, 1961. Did
you know1 Whileinhighschao!.Mullenpinneda noteup at
school a,king il olher ,tudenls were ntere>tedinforminga band.
Paul Hew,on,AdamClayton,and Da" and DikEvansresponded.
Dikleftthe band in 1978.
ADAM CLAYTON: ba". Born: March 13, 1960.
Di d you know) Claytonwa, borninOxlord,England,and raised
inAfriea.Hi,familymovedto Irelandwhen hewa, 4.
VOCA B UL A RY
When grunge brought sombemes'" ro rhe airwaves in
,he '90s, ,he band launched imo rhe cyher-age carni-
vals of giant onsrage lemons and "Zooropa."
That willingness ro experimem and morph', and ro
fail if need he, is one 'eason U2 has wound up in rhe
same cague as pop's o:her brand-name pioneers, from
rhe Beatles and Bowie on dnwn. And like so manv of
rhose premier anists, ,he band's stealth skill'o' has
bcen absorbing pieces of rhe culture around it. repro-
eessing them amI ratifying them for ,he wider puhlic:
a maneuver found in U2's dabblings in ,echno, world
music. even gospel.
Bu, for a11the specific traits U2 has hestowed" on ,he
pop scene -[rom innovations in coneen production
down ro the scrupulously s,udied echo effects of the
Edge's guirar- rhe band's bigger cOllrriblltion is somc-
thing less tangible. It's ahout the infusion of a eenain
spirit, one embodying both pa"ion and smans, lhat
scts rhe srage foc rhe iaresr chaprer in rock's cvolution.
Talk ro conrcmporary musicians, cven rhose enam-
ored of U2, and you'lI be hard-pressed for eitations of
bands that have expli:itly mimicked Bono and com-
pany. Althollgh ,he early '80s prodllced a brief crop of
direct descendan,s (grollPS such as the Call, the Alarm
anJ Simple lv1inds) U2 never spawncd
12
[he Icgions
8 somberness: of adhmal al dc:prt"lSing charactcr convc)"lngrJoomy suggestiom 0 1 idC'OU19 morph: [O change shape 110 stealth skill: fhe
ability of doing somcthing dowly. quicll:", aud covenl)', in arder to avoid delection I , 1 bestowed: giver,;ls J.11 hOllor or prcsc;llt 112 spawn(ed):
[O lay eggs, metaphoricaUy, to bring formo to generaH:
W h a f S I h e s e c r e t o f U Z 'S s u c c e s s ?
An a bilit y lO r e s h a pe e s mu s ic a l dir e c t io n a nd eOI1-
necI wirh an ever-growing legicn of loyal f.,ns.
U2 h"" traveled a serpentine crearive p:llh: lIS 1980
debut "Ibum, "Boy," featllred a distinctive blues and
rock slyle. Over rhe nexl decade, rhe band explored
U2singer Bono adds a dramatic touch during a U2
concert at the MCI Center in Washington. O .e.
of imitatots in the mannet of Led Zeppelin Ot the
Vdvet Undetgtound.
So maybe the moS! crucial resulr 01' U2's break-
r h r o u gh int o int e r na r io na l prornincl1cc wa s r h e pa r h
it paved. It can be hard 10 remember the day when the
s o u nds no w s o f a milia r we c e r h e e xc lu s ive pr o vinc c o f
whar was dubhed college tock. But before rhe atrival
and explosion of U2, aided hy rhe simulraneous
c f f o r t s o f R.EJv1., ir wa s c ve ll h a r de r t o ima gine a
ma ins r r e a m e mbr a c e o f r h e int c llige nr , impa s s io ne d
music thal was evetyday fare a decade larer.
The Edge has said that Bob O)'lan once remarked ro
him: "Everybody's going 10 remember your songs; ir's
juSI rhat nobody's gonna be able 10 play rhem." For alJ
r h e gr a nd pr o no u nc c me nt s a bo Jt U 2' s o r igina lit y a nd
impa c r a ye r r h e yc a f s , r h a r ma y be r h e mas e h o ne s t
lesramenr of them all.
28
- -- --
Music' CTUAL ENGLISH LEVELS: ADVANCED I PROFICIENCY
V09'BULARY
U2
o
13 bluesy: comp(l~d llr pC'rt(>nnC'd inor like [hC' ~{~:IC' of [he blues J
14 vibe: J . di~[jncti\'c: t"mnnru] ;[rnmphere; ~cmnl illluitivc1}' 1 15
wane: [OwC'.lkt'OItl mCIlFth or int1uence 1 16 slump: .l fall in lhe
priec. valuc, sJ 1t'S, ~,tL.117 zero in: !Oidemiry sHmclhing pm:bdy anJ
COnCCnl[,;HCa1l etTom on dl-J ing \Vilh ir 118 muses about: reOccts
J eeply on (a suhjCi.:t) I 19 laureate: S<)ll1eone whn Il.ls hCl.'n givell J .
\'ery high honor bccJ .u~c (Ir thl."ir ~hility in a suhje..:t (lC \tIldy
lraditional AlllcriClIl music ano a hlues}'13 hott!cl1l'ck
vibc
14
. Whcn pnp mu'iic graviratcJ roward lcchno in
[he cady ]990~. U2 unlcashed its OWIl brand uf pul-
stlring, dancc-inspircd rhythms. A mOfe synrhesized
sound folJ owc:J . wirh lyrics rhar rook ailll J r COI1SUIllc:r
cuilu[c,
But by the ""d or Ih., I 991l<, the band had ehanged
(ourse lne roo many times, Fan illlLTl'Sr hegan tu
wane
15
ano (he hand reir the sting ofdtdining record
sales and a sluml"6 in its mega-band status, "AI!That
Y ou Can't Leave Behind" ehanged thar. On the
alblllll. U2 rl'turnl'd !O its rock 'n' roll roots, Stirring
rock rl'xnm:s suppon lyrics rhar zero in
17
on the
human conoirion, on horh <lpersonal ano globallcvd.
ulkauriful D~lY "muses aho1lt
18
SOl1ll'OIlC\. iloh~lslosr
l'vcryrhing hU( elllcrges grateful for the simplicirics
rhar remain. "Stuck i:1a !vlolllcnt ')'CHI Can't Get Out
0(" touches 011 the suicide of Bono's rroublcd fricnd,
rack star I'vlichael HLtchcnce. "\X'alk On" pay' hnm-
agc ro BlIrmese opposirion leadcr ano Nohd Prizc
laurearc
19
Aung San Suu Kyi.
Given rhe strcngth ofU2's album sales and enormOllS
popularity on the ro,d, it would appear that people
are stiU istening, AE
AUDIO ARTICLE & MORE EXERCISES
Choose the correct option to
complete the following
statements on the article
") (1" ') (E: 'El (Z ') (l :A3)f H3MSNV
4 I When in the 1990" lan interest began to
wane and record salesdeclined...
a> The band releasedthe ~ngle "Beautllul Day",
which soon made it to 1he10p ten in charts
all over the World.
b> Bono wrote the Iyncs 01"Stuck in a Moment
You Can't Get Out 01", dedlcated to the
doceased rack star, Michael Hutchence.
e > The band released "AII That YouCan't Leave
Behind", in whlCh it went back to ItS rock and
rollorigins.
2 I Aecording to !he wri!er of !he artic1e,
the band's biggest contribution to modern
music is...
a > a spirt combining passionand smcrts in rack
& pop muSte.
b > a \lariety 01innovatlons nconcert production.
e > the scrUpUIOLSlystudied echo effects 01the
Edge's gUltar.
1IAeeording to the artic1e. that legendary
week in Oetober 1980 wa, the late,! high
point in U2', budding eareer becau,e,
a > copies 01its debut LP ar'ived in the record
shops 01Great Britain.
b > the band signed a mili ion-dallar contrael with
Atlantic Records.
e > It was the lirst time the, played as U2 in the
United States
3 I The Edge ,aid that 80b Dylan once
remarked to him .
a > that U2's songs wouid ce soon lorgotten
since they were very hardto play.
b > that U2's stylewould nct be easyto emulate.
e > that U2's songs would cewidely remembered,
bu! nobody would be able to interpret them.
Cr eat i vi t y Cubed
Give an art director a$300 budget and
chances areit won'r be enough to really pimp
apod" but it's astart.
W
HEN THE BALCOMAgeney's principals, Stuart Balcom and
Broce McLain, decided ,hey needed new decor for ,heir
offices in Fon Worth, Texas, ,hey gave ,he same ,hing to
everyone on ,heir s,aff of 25: a customized
2
desk modeled on ,he ad
ageney's signa,ure "B" logo, $300, and free reino W'ha, ,hey gOl in
retum eould fue! an HGTV show
3
for half a season -wildly individua-
Iis,ie offiee spaees ,ha, rellee, ,he ereativity and personality of ,he inha-
bitams. Fram ,he eolors 'o plaeemen, of ,he fumiture, art, decora,ive
accessories, even their choice of shelves, nothing is (he same.
Balcom, 48, says ,he benefh fram sueh a small inves,mem helps ,he
Fort Worth-based eompany's bortom line: "!fyou ltt people express their
creativity. that he/ps lIS he/p ollr clients. 71)e change inspires everyone. "
Several years ago, the formbegan allowing employees to eustomize ,he
VOCABULARY
I By Na.ra Schoenberg
eompany business eards, choosing
their own combinadon of ink
colors and card stock, and adding
monikers4 under ,heir names
(Balcom is known as Stuar, "Boss
Hog' Balcom; ,he company's
CFO is "Daddy Warbueks.") This
break fram corpora,e lock-s,ep
was <n early indicadon ma, ,he
Balcom ageney is nor a typical
eube farm'.
When ,he formoffered each
employee ,he $300 per pod, was
1 plmp a pod: customiu )'our cube (cubicle) 1 2 customized: made Ol changed accarding to che buyds/usec's needs fud: ro provide arerial
foc (ashow) 1 3 HGTV show: Home aoc Gardcn Television show: acable tdevision nerwork in che U.S.... hoS(: prograrnming comises of umerous
horne and garden improvemcnr. maintenan:e. renovadoo. and remodding shows 1 4 moni ker s: (slang) namc=sar nicknames 1 5 cube far m: an
amec=fillc=dwirh eubiclc=sissomC=limc=s eallc=dacubc=farm and ahhough humarous, [hc=phrase usually has nc=garivc= connorations. Cube farms areahen
found in high.tech eompanic=s. bUI [hey also erap up in the insuranee industry and othc=rsc=rvice-relatc=dfield!
Tina Widner chose a blue and silver color scheme.
there any vetting involved, any permission
slips [ha[ had to be signed?
"No. "Balcom says.
Wha[ happens when someone leaves? Does
[he new hite ge[ [Oredeeota[e?
"w. don'f Ime people. "says Balcom. whose
elienrs inelude Harris Me[hodisr hospital,.
A1eon Laboratories. J usrin Boors, Motorola
and RadioShack.
"If you're no[ losing, are you hiring?"
"w.'re lookingfor 1 1 pub/ie refations person,
an art director, an account manager and a
producton artist. ,/
Will [hey ge[ $300 ro decorare [hei[ cubes?
" } s, " he says.
Considering [he sense of ownership and
eommunal pride [ha[ me employees feel in
[he spec[acula[ [esulrs. Baleom should break
his a[m paning himself on [he back
6
. This
/llf you let people express t heir creat ivit y, t hat
helps us help our client s. The change
inspires everyone./I
Information technology spedalist Heagan
Bailey went for a living-room fee!.
was brilliant management. It ham't moved
him to change his wa)'s, rhough. His omee
is retro-ad-exee] wirh whire walls, funky
toys, sracks of paperwork and, inexplicably,
a monstrous splir-Ieaf philodendron
8
rhar
looks like ir feeds on human sacriflce. The
good ncws: Should he ever decide ro bring
his omee good news: Should he ever decide
ro bring up ro the standards of his empJ o)'e-
es, the talcm to do rhe makeover is
obviously close ar hand. AE
VOCABULARY
lEVEI5 ADVANCED / PROfICIENCY
Reading-Comprehension
Check your comprehensio~ by selecting the

1 According to this article, an art director:
a >Will probably be satisfied with a $300 budget
to redecorate hislher eube
b> Will surely be enthusiastic about it, but will need
to add a few more dollars
c> Will work mirades and redecorate your entire
office 'pace with $300 .
2 When Balcom Agency's principals gave their staff a
300-dollar budget to redesign their office space, what
they got in return was:
a >customized desks modeled J n the ad agency's
signature "B" logo
b> individualistic officespaces. veryoriginal and different
fromene another
c > a projeet to run a HGTV show for half a season
3 A precedent to this innovative idea was several
years ago when:
a > the firmbegan allowing employees to choose their
own combination of ink cobrs to print their reperts
b >the firmbegan allowing employees to customize
the eompany business cards
c> the firmbegan allowing employees use monikers
when chatting on messenger
4 According to the article, If Balcom ever decided to
redecorate his office:
a > he would never be able to bring his office up to
the standards oi his employees
b >the talent to do the makeover isat hand, since
his employees demostrated J utstanding skills
as desi9ners
e> he would have to hire an interior designer, since
there isno one around who could make himchange
hisways
qIv 'q lE'q ('q (L A" ti3MSN"
31
6 PATIING (HIMSELF) ON THE BACK: congratulating
(hiJ :lSclf) I 7 RETJ{O.AD-EXEC: [he: stfle of ;ln Ad
Execllrivc, Inoking at or copying lhe rast I 8
PHILODENDRON: ;1 dimbing phult wirh le-:l\'csthar ;H1:
lIsually grcen and heart.shapcll
. ~
ON THE CD: AUDIO ARTICLE & MORE EXERCISES
32
Dakar Rally Car
Max. output: 270 hp 15,500 rpm
MPR-13specifications
Improved
rigidity~ Integral
multitubular'
frame structure
Height:
6.04 ft.
(1.84 m)
Last year's winning team, Mitsubishi, partieipates this
year with the newly developed MPR-13 Pajero
Evolution in a raee where enduranee' and navigation
are as important as driving skilis.
Modified engine: More
responsive; redueed weight;
better fuel injeetion system
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6-eylinder, 24 valve
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Displaeement: 3997 ce
1 endurence: me abiliry or power of
someming ro bear prolonged exertion 01
hard.ship 01in persistence over lime I 2
rigldity: me physical property of being
stiff and resisting bending I 3
multitubular: having many rubes 14
dampers: a friction device sonetimes
caJ li a ~shock absorlx:r" uS(:dfor
controlling and damping spring
oscillarions I 5 wishbone(s): (he
radius rod setup used in many oi the oldc:t
ford CJ .rs ro kecp the HIt' !iquarewith the
frame I 6 competition range: an
area in which somethinglsomebody
compc=res 17 maneuverability: Ihe
qualiry ofbeing Cby to dirca Ol drive I 8
tire(s): tyre(UK), a thick rubber nng,
onen fllled with airo which isfitted around
the aurer roge of the whecl of a . chicle:.
allowing (he:"e:hicle to stick lO che:road
surface and to trave! over the: ground more:
e:asily
VOCABULARY
If there is anything predictable
about what must be the
craziest motor sports event in
the world, it is that several
things will happen during the
annual Paris-Dakar Ralli to
underscore it as the cra,iest
motor sports event in the
world. Or maybe the craziest
sporting event in the world,
just above c1iff diving (the
cantest in which compe:itors,
observed comedian Norm
McDonald, are either
contenders or stuff on a rock).
33
Spare wheels:
located in the back
Length:
13.75
(4.19 m)
Tires:
8
Pressure is decided
befo re each race; air can be let
out during race, but not added
4
Dampers:
Two shocks
pear wheel
Suspension:
Independent,
double
wishbones'
Fuel tank capacity: 132gal. (500
Iiters), competition range
6
around
497 mi. (800 km)
located in a iow, central
position for better
maneuverability7and stability
@2006MCT
Source: Mitsubishi Motors, Oakar Rally organizers
Graphic J u!ta Scheibe, Morten Lyhne
w
eRe
Ret ur n
MATCH
Gaad things carne in twas
VOCABl!LARV . __
Franeis Ford Coppola hasn'r diree-
red a movie sinee 1997's "The
Rainmaker," a mosrly well-reeeived
J ohn Grisham adapration that
enoco the filmmaker's work-for-
hire' period, Sinee then he has built
up his wine business, oversccn rc-
relcaseu versions of "Apocalypsc: Francis Ford Coppola
Now" , The 67-year-old enrhusiast
of many things is putring the finishing muches 00 "Youth Wirhotlt
Yomh," his adaptation of rhe late Romanian philooopher Miteea Eliaoe's
Worlo \XIar U-era novella
2
, Tim Roth and Bruno Ganz star in this story
abom a bedridden
l
elderly Romanian academic becoming mysrcriollsly
tejuvenateo anO i1eeing the Nazis aeross several boroers,
1work-for-hire: ancxceprion ro rhe general rule "Uf lhe pcnoil who ;lClUally creares awork i~
lhe legaJ I)'.recognizl'd authoc of ,har work I 2 noveUa: a work of f1etion intcrrncdiatc in lcngrh
and complexit}' berween a shorr srory 3nd a novel 13 bedridden: having 10stay in bl.'d bccause
of Hines or injury 14on the brin k: vcr}"nearlYi imrninC'm, ch~e IS hiatus: ashort pau~in
which IICllhing happcns16 interweave(s): In intcnnix or Imile in lextme Ilr umstrllnioll, al in
Ihe ca~uf Ihe threads uf afilml7 dodge(s) that bullet: 10a.. -oidsOlllclhing unpleasJ IlI
Vera Faminga, an aetress who's been on
the brink4 01 big things lor years, can look
back at the crazy time in 2005 when she
was shooting both "lhe Departed," in
which she plays a Boston police psycholo-
gis!. and "Breaking and Entering," in
which she's Oana, a smoky-voiced London
streetwalker, and think about her do,
"1had a six-week hiatus
S
, when J ack
Nicholson was to be working on 'lhe
Departed,' so I shipped off to London lor
'Breaking and Entering, '" Farmiga recalls,
"And I had my 'Departed' extensions under
my Oana wig,"
lEVElS I I
3 S

Professor Oscar's Academy Awards Quiz

TEST YOUR MOVIE KNOWLEDGE
20
Whal was lhe Iast film to win Bes!
P icture w"hout a single acting
nOO1inaJ ion?
18
Whal lwo aclors won Osears for
o p1ayinglhe sarne persono but in
diflerenl movies?
11
Name lhe only lhree women lo be
o nominated Ior Best Dir9clor.
16
Whal is !he shortest
o Oscar-winning performance?
19
Name lhe only lwo Bes! Actor
o winners lo dir9cl lhelr own
Oscar-winnlng per1ormance.
12
Whal two aclors were each
o ncminaled ler al least seven acting
a"ards and never won?
14
Name the lhree movias where all
o members 01lhe cast were
nominaled Ior an acling Osear.
17
Who hoIds Ihe record for
o appearing in Ihe most films
belare winning an Osear?
13
Nome lhe only lwo people lo win
o an acling award while slarring in
a breign language film.
15
Who are lhe youngest and oldest
o persans to have beeo nominaled
lor an acling Osear?
1O
Whal two Hollywood lamilies
o have \Vonan Osear in lhree
separate generalions?
7
Whal was Ihe flrst oolor lilm to win
o Bes! P iclure and whal was !he Iasl
black and wh"e film lo win Besl
P icture?
6
Whal two lilms were nominated lor
o 1I awards each. only lo walk
home wllh nolhing?
5
Whal lhree lilms won lhe lop live
o awards (piclure, director, writing,
actor and aclress)?
3
Whal oounlry has won the mosl
o Besl Forelgn Language Film
awards?
4
Name al least Ihree 01the seven
o loreign language films lo be
nominated lor Besl P icture.
2
Whal film reoelved only one
o nomlnalion (Ior BeSl P ieture)
and won?
8
Whal lilm, which won lhe Osear for
o Best Foreign Language Film. is !he
longesl movie lo win an award
(7 hours and 33 minutes)?
9
Whal individual has won !he mosl
awards?
1
Whal film won Ihe mosl awards
o wlthoul winning Besl P ieture?
PI Ofessll'
Osear's
G r a d e s
At
20eorr1d_
VOI iN lin Osea"
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A-
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Do you have any doubts about English? Don't worry, this
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questions to actualenglish@redusers.com.
Reader s
J
QUESTIONS
As you can see from the examples above, eolloea-
tions occur in different \vord caregories. So, ir js
imporranr ro bear in mind thar aHcombinations
are !lor appropriare in English (and chis is a150
(he case in other languages). \X!henever you are
in doubt, [he best thing to do is ro check lear-
ners' besr friend: rhe dicrionar:.~
What are collocations and why is it
important to learn about them?
A eollocation is a word or phrase whieh is fre-
quently used with anorher word or phrase, in a
way that sounds correer ro native speakcrs oc
people who have spoken the language all their
lives.
Ir is ofren important to ehoose the righr eolloea-
tion in arder ro sound natural. Por examplc, an
adjective can be tlsed ro describe sorne nouns out
not others. We can say blonde woman or blonde
man but not 'blonde dog or 'blonde hOl". In
this case we say [ha[ blonde does no<eollocate
wi[h dog or horse. Many words in [he following
groups are restricted in similar ways:
adjectives and nouns
subjects and verbs
adjectives and prepositions
verbs and prepositions
verbs and objects
verbs and adverbs
a blande woman/man but
nol a 'blonde dog or horse
lhe!el'phon, rangbu!nol
"the telephone sounded
lull 01 bul no! "full wirh
arrjve at bu! no! "arrive to
we dri\'e a car but we can't
.. ddve a motorbike
I slronglybelievebu!no!
"1 strongly think
What is the difference between see
someone do/doing something
7
As you have notieed, the verb to see may be tollowed by a
bare infinirivc (inHnirive withour 'ro') or an 'ing' form of
rhe verb, depending on rhe I11caning of [he sentence.
Please, notice rhe difTercnce in meaning bcrwccn rhese t\vo
sentcnces:
a I saw himeross the road
b I saw himerossing the road
In a) whar I am saying isrhar he crossed rhe road fmm one
side ro rhe orher and 1 saw the complete aetion.
In the case afb), I am saying thal he was erossing the road
when 1saw him. hut 1don'r kno\\' whethcr he arrived ro
the alher side beeallse 1 didn't see he complete tlction.
What is the best way to open and c10se
business letters?
There are many opening and closing phrase, for business
leners, and your choice shollld be based on considerarions
of register (leve! af formality), addressee (wha YOllare wri-
ling ro) and subjeet marrer (tapie, what the 1et[er isabollt).
Although wriring business letrcrs and e-mails isaropic rhat
needs a whole chapter. here are sorne tips and rricks for
crash-course carners:
10 Useful opening lines:
With relerence to your letter 01 10 May, I ...
I am writing lo enquire aboul ...
After having received your address I rom . oO , I . . .
We/l recenlly wrole lo you aboul . . .
After having seen your advertisemenl in oO . ,
I would like oO '
I received your address lrom . . . and would like . . .
I n reply to your letter 01 10 May, . . .
Thank you lor your letter 01 10 May.
Thank you lor your letter regarding . . .
Thank you lor your letter/e-mail aboul . . .
10 Us ef u l c 10s i n g l i n es :
I I you require any lurther inlormation, leel I ree
to conlact me.
I look lorward to your reply.
I look lorward lo hearing lrom you.
I look lorward lo seeing you.
Please advice as necessary.
We look lorward lo a su(cesslul working relationship
in I he future.
I would appreciale your immediale attention lO
this matter.
Should you need any lurther inlormalion, please
do nol hesilale lo contad me.
We hope that we may conlinue lo rely on your
valued cuslom.
O nce again, I apologize ior any inconvenience.
.Beware of false friends
Fdlse frie Ids are palrs of woras In two languages (or le ters In two alpr,abe s
that look anc!lor sound slmi al, but dlffer In meanlng.
It sometimes seems 10be really easyto gue5s
the meanlng 01some newwords in English,
because they ook and lound very similar to
words In our nalive tongue. For example, it is
true that mas: words than end in -ein in
Spanishcan be translated into English by
changlng the suffix to -tion. And the pattern
holds true lor words suchas 'constitucin'=
'constltution' and 'nacin' ='nation'. But, what
about words such as 'decepcin') Does 'deception'
mean the same as 'decepcin') The answer is no.
'Decepcin' is a disapPolntment, not a 'deception'.
So, beware 01lalse Iriends when you use new
vccabulary in English. Below you will lind a list 01
ccmmon false Iriends
ENGl ISH MEANING OF ENGl ISH WORO SPANISH POSSIBLE SPANISH/ENGl ISH TRANSLATION
actual real , ex i s t i n g i n fan actual c u rl en t
assist to heb as i s t i r t o at t en d , t o b e p res en t
attend to 90 to an e\'entlplace atender t o s erv e, t o t ak e care o f
billion 1,000,000,000 billn 1,000,000,000)00 or a trill on inAmerican
and curren! Sritsh English
c o m p l ex i o n t h e c o l o ri n g o f a p ers o n " s s k l n c o m p l ex i n ph)siological bUlld
(o m p ro m i s e an ag ' eem en t b y (o n c es s i o n c o m p ro m i s o c o m m i t m en t
(ontest to compete for something or show c o n t eSt ar to answ er
d i s ag reem en t ab o u t a d ec i s i o n
d i s g rac e embarrassmenr ard the loss 01otrer desgracia m i s t ak e o r m i s f c n u n e
people's respect, cr behavior ",hich
c au s es t h i s
dlsgusl
disapproval and disli\e at a siruation
disgusto
m i s f o rt u n e, a p al n ru ! s i t LJ at i o n
o r p ers o n ' s o eh av i : l u r, et c .
em b arras s ed
feeling ashamed O' shy
em b araz adc prenanr
j d i o m
a g ro u p o f wo rd s In a f i x ed o rd er t h at
i d i o m a
language
h av e a p art i c u l ar m ean m g t h at i s d i f f eren t
f ro m t h e meaning~o f eac h wo rd 01
i t s o wn
molesl
t o t o u c h o r at t ac k s o m eo n e i n a s ex u al
molestar
to upset
way a' J ai n s t t h ei r wi s h es
prelend
t o b eh av e as i f s o m et h i n g i s t n ..e V v h en
you know thar ir is nor, esp. in arder to
pretender
t o ex p ec t
d ec ei v e p eo o l e o r as a g am e
Pr o v er b s an d Sayings
As you may probably know, a proverb is a simple and
concrete saying popularly known and repeated,
which expressesa truth, based en common sense or
the practical experience 01mankind. Proverbs are
olten borrowed lrom different languages and
cultures, and sometimes come down to the present
through more than one language. It is interesting to
lind out that some Erglish proverbs are very similar to
Spanish proverbs in lorm and meaning. Have a look
at the lollowing proverbs in English.
Do you know what they mean? Can you find
their counterparts in Spanish?
1 Eyelor an eye, tooth lor a tooth.
Z Too many cooks spoil the broth.
3 r t the cap flts, wear il.
4 Lucky at cards, unlucky in love.
S Never put off 'til tomorrow what you can do today.
6 The early bird catches the worm.
7 A bird in the hand isworth two in the bush.
lEVElS: ADVANCED I PRO'I CI ENCY
43
Ch;lptcr 1- Tht: Science of Deduction (excerpt)
I I ERLOCK HOlMES
wok his borde
fmm rhe comer of
rhe mantdpicce, .1I ld
his hypoJ ermic syringe
1
[mm its nc:1.tmomeco case. \Virh his
long. white, ncrvolls fingers he
adjustcu rhe J clicare nccdle 3nu
mUed back his lefr shincuiT. For somc
ule rime his eyes Testeo dwughrfJ lI y
upon lhe sincwy2 forcann ami wriSl,
aH dotred ami scarrcd \Virh innumer-
able PUI lClUfc-marks. Finally, he
thrusr] the sharp poinr hOl11e, prc~st.:d
down the finy pistoll, amI SJ llk back
inro dle velvet-I incd armchair wirh a
long sigh of sarisfanion.
Thf<.'c times J day for many mans I
had wimcssl'ti [his performance. hu[
ClI s{Om hall BOl reconci!<..d my mino
tu it. On the contrary. from da)" tu
day 1 haJ beco me more irritable ar
rhe sight, and my cOllscicnCl' swclled4
nighdy within me ;I r rhe: rhoughr rhal
1 had laeked the courage to prmese.
Again and again 1 hao regisrered a
vow
5
thar 1 should ddiver my soul
upon rhe subjeet; bur rhere was rhar
in rhe cool, nonchalant6 air of my
companion which made him rhe J asr
man wirh whom olle would can: ro
rake anyrhing approaching lO a her-
ty. His grear powcrs, his masrerly
manner, ano the expericnce which 1
had 'had of his many cxrraordinary
qualities, all made me dffidt'1H
7
ami
backw~trd in crossing him.
Y er upan rhar afrcrnoon, whclher ir
was rhe Beaune which 1 had raken
wirh rny lunch or rhe addirional exas-
peradon produced by rhe exrreme
ddibcrarion or his manncr, 1sudtlcn-
I y felr rhar 1couJ d hoJ d out no longer,
"Which is ir today," 1 askcd, "mor-
phine or cocaine?"
I By ArtlJUr Conan Doyle
He raised his eycs languidly from rhe
old black.letter volume which he had
openecl.
"I r i~cocaine," he said, a seven-per-
cent .'ioJ urion. \'(fould you care to uy
. >"
I t.
"No, indeed," 1 answered brusquely.
"My consritutioll has nor got over the
Afglull campaign yero 1cannor afford
ro rhrow any exrra strain
8
upon ir."
He smiled ;l( my vehemencc.
"Perhaps you afe righr, Watson," he
said. "1 suppose rhat irs influence is
physicalI ya b<ldane. I flnd ir, howev-
cr, so rranseendendy srimularing and
c1arifying ro rhe mind rhar its seeond-
ary aedon is a m~Hter of small
momcllr:'
"Bu[ consider~" 1 said earnestly9.
"Count [he eosr! Y our brain may, as
VOCABULARY . ~__ _ _ _ ._.- _
1 hypodermic syringe: ;1pbSlic or ~las~~yring(' ro which J .lhin hullow ncedle isall;Khl'd. 1l.'iCd ro injc(( medicine undcr rhe skill or ro whhdraw
f1uids, cspcdally hlood. fmm 1I 11llcrtlll' skin 1 2 sinewy: a pan uf rhe 1I odywilh Slrong, musdes J .lHllittk fac1 3 thrust (the sharp point):
the ruins of rhe :1111'11 mof re~ll[cil1gfmm ,he rCllloval of lhe pillars ami slalls 1 4 (my consclence) swell[ed): lhe voicc of my conscience br.'Camc
I Olldcr, Slrtlngp 1 5 (registered a) VOW: ;1 dt:rcrmincd dccision or prumisc to do sOlllcrhing 1 6 nonchalant air: hchaving in aealm mallner,
Orlen in a wa}' whit"h sUggCSlsLKk (lf int''-csl ur carr..17 diffident: sil)' and no, confidclll uf )'ntn abilit.cs 1 8 strain: all injury ro a musde or
similar sofl parl of cllebody causcd b~' t1sng ,har PJ .rl too much 1 9 earnestly: seriousl)' or J ClcTlnincc1y, especiJ .lly [00s<:riouslyand unable !O
find Y ilur own J .crions altlllsi:lg
44 Sto tellin CHAPTER 1 - THE SCIENCE Of DEDUCTlON
you sayo be coused and excircd, but ir
is a parhological and rnorbid proccss
which involves increased rissue.
change and mar ar casI leave a pee-
manent weakness. You know, too,
whar a black reaccion comes upon
YOll. Surely [he game is hardly wonh
lhe andle. Why should you, for a
mere passing pleasure. risk (he 1055 of
{hose grear powers wich whid. yati
have beco endowed
10
? Remember
[har 1speak nO[ only as ooe' conrade
to anorher bur as a medical mm [Q
Dne foc whose constirution he is ro
sorne extent answerable
1
1:'
He did nO[ seem offended. On [he
eontrary, he pUl his fingerrips
rogerher, and caned his elbO\\'S 00
{he afros of his chair, Iike ane wha
has a relish 12foc conversa don.
"My mind," he said, "rebels at stag-
narion. Givc me problems. give me
work, give me rhe most abstruse
cryptogram13, oc [he mast nrricate
analysis, and 1am in rny own proper
armosphere. 1 can dispense14rhen
wirh artificial srimulants. Bur 1abhar
the duH rourine of exisrence. 1crave
for mental exa1carion.That is ""hy 1
have chosen my own particular pro.
fession, or rarher creared ir, for 1am
the only one in rhe world."
"The only unofficial detective? "
said, raising my eyebrows.
"The onlr unofficial consulting
detective," heanswered. "1amrbelast
and highest court of appeal in detec~
tion. When Gregson, or Lestrade, or
Arhelney J ones are out of their
depths
15
- whieh, by [he way, is
their normal srare - rhe marter is
laid befare me. 1 examine rhe data, as
ao expert, and pronounce a special-
isr's apinion. 1claim no credir in such
cases. My name figures in no newspa.
peroThe work itself, [he pleasure of
finding a field for my peculiar pow-
ers, is roy highesr reward. Bur you
haveyourself had sorne experience of
roy merhods of work in rheJ efferson
Hope case."
"Yes, indeed," said 1eordiaUy. "1was
never so struck by anyrhing in my
J ife. 1 cven embodied it in a small
brochure, wirh rhe somewhar famas-
,ie [itle of'A Study in Searlel.' "
He shook his head sadly.
"1 glanced over ir," said he.
"Honesdy, 1cannor congratulare you
upon ir. Derecrion is, or oughr to be,
an exact science and should be ((ear-
ed in rhe same cold and unemmiona!
manner. You have attempred ro
ringe
16
it with romanticism, which
produces much rhe same effect as if
you warked a lave srory or an elope-
menr
17
inco rhe fifth proposirion of
Eu:lid'8."
"BJ r rhe romance was rhere," 1
remonsrrated. "1 couId nor ramper
wirh19rhe facrs."
"Some faets should besupp,essed, or,
ar least, a jusr sense of proponion
should be observed in treating ,hem.
The only poi n! in the ea5e which
d~erved mention was the cucious
analytical reasoning from effects to
causes, by which 1 succeeded in
unravelling
20
ir."
1was annoyed at this criricism of a
wotk which had been speeiaUy
d~igned to pleasehim. 1confess, too,
rhar 1was irritated by the egotism
21
which seemed ro demand thar every
lineof my pamphlel should bedevot-
ed ro his own special doings.
More than once dur-
ing ,he yeaes
thal [ had lived with him in Baker
Streer [ had observed that a smaUvan-
iry underlay my companion's quict
and didactic manner. 1 made no
renark however, bU[ sat nursing rny
wounded lego1had had a )ezaii bullet
through ir sorne time before, and
though ir did nor prevenr me from
walking ir ached wearily ar every
change of rhe wearher.
VOCABULARY __ o __ ~_ ~ -
10endowed: providcd ar supplied or ~uipped . ;m (cspeciaUyas by inheritana: or narurc) [11 answerable: rcspons:ble for something mat harpcos
112 abstruse: difficult tOundemand 113 cryptogram: a SIpCof word puzzle in which [Ot encodl. by a simplc ciphcr is ro be dccodcd 114
dispense with: to get lidof somcthir,g or somconc or stop using thcm because}'Oll do nat needthcm115out 01their depths: out of a state(lf
p~chological or.in.tdlcctual dcpth 116tinge: a vel)' sligheamoum of acolor ar ofa feding 117elopement: chcao af running awaywith a lover 118
~Ifth proposltlon 01 Euclid: Grtt1. ~metcr (3rd a:nrury BC).Euclid derivcd much of the planar gco;'Tlcu)'romAvepo.'itulatc=s, me fifth of which
1S the ~OSt complex onc 119ta~per wlth: imcrfere or mcddJ e, espcdally jn a harmful way 120 unraveling: ro rc:solveme intricacy, complexiry, or
obscumy of: ciar up 121 egotlsm: rh:-tendcncy to t.hink only aboueyoursclf a:ld ronsiclcr }'oursclfbencr c.ndmore important than other people
"My pracrice 1135 extended rcccnrl)' ro [heConrinen[," said
I-Iolmes arll'r a while, f1l1ingup his(lIdhricr-roOl pipen.
"( was cOllSlIhedlast wcek by Francois leVilbrd, \vho, as
Y0l! probahly know, has come rarll(:r(O rhe fmm !arely in
Ihe French tlerc:c[ivcservice. Heh;;sall the CeItic powcr of
quick ilHuition hu[ he is deflck.nt in thl' \'Iide rauge of
cxact knowlcdge which is essellli~11ro lhe higher devdop-
Illents uf his artoThe case\va.~COlll:CfllCJ wirh a will ;lIld
posscssed sorne fe;lluresofintlTesr. 1was ahle ro refer him
to rwo parallcl C1St:S, the one at Rig;l in 1857, and the
o[her ar St. Louis in 1871, which Ilavc slIggesred 10 him
lhe Irtlesolutioll. IleH' isrhe ICHerwhich I h;ul Ihis mOT!l-
ing acknowledging 111)' ;lssistallcc."
He IOsscdover, as hespoke, acrumplcd
23
sheet of forcign
lIotepaper. 1ghtlKeJ my eyesdowll ir, c:uching aprofusion
of notes of admiration, with sual' rnagnifiques
24
, coup-dc-
maitres ami tours-de-force
25
, all lt'stifying ro the ardcnt
admiration of the Frenchman.
"He speaks asa pupil ro his masrer," said l.
"Oh. he rates my assi.srance too highly," .said Sherlock
Holmes lighrly. "He has considerable gifrs himself. He
possesses [\'{oout of the rheee qualities neeessary for the
ideal detective. He has rhe power of observadon and [hat
of deduction. He is only waming in knowledge, and that
mal' come in rime. He is now translating m}' small works
imo French."
"Youeworks?"
"Oh, ddn't you know?" he cried: Iaughing. "Yes, I have
beco guilry oEseveral monographs. Thel' area H upan teeh~
nieal subjects. Here. foe examFie, is one 'Upon rhe
Distincrion between [heAshesof e VariousTobaccos.' In
it I enumerare a hundred and fOH}'forms of cigar, ciga-
rcue, and pipe lohacco, with colou[(,'(1piares illustrating
the difference in the ash. Ir isapoilH which isconrinually
turning up in criminal rrials, and which is sometimcs of
suprcme importance asadue. If you can 5a)'defini[e1y, ror
example, tha[ some murder had been done by aman \'Vho
was smoking an Ind3n lunkah, it obviously narrows your
VO~B_UL~RY __ _ __ _
22 brier-root pipe: sa pipe maCe:of an e\'ergrcen ITcclikc
Mediterranean mrub having fragranr wh le Huwcr~in large- terminal
par.ides and hard wondy mots useu 10 make tobacco pipes I 23
crumpled: full of irregular folds or wrinkles I 24 magnifique:
(Frrnch) wonderful. ~plendid. glorious. excellent I 25 tours-de-force:
a feat or display of stTC'ugth.skill. or ingenury
- - - ,
lEVElS: ADVANCED I PROFICIENCY
Rea ding-Comprehension
a nd voca bula ry expressions
Choose the to repla ce
the words underlined in the following
sentences from "Sign of Four"
1 Three time5 a da y for ma ny month5 I ha d
witnessed this performance, but cU..i.tom haJ i
not recJ l(iled my mind to it.
a >rny nlind ha d not been a ble to a ccept t, even
lhough I ha d5eenhimdo It everyda y
b >I ha dnol beena olelo reconCllewlth H olmes
e > lhe fa C11ha lil wa sa cus10mha d nol
convincedmelhel hewa s doing lhe righl
lhlng
2 Aga in a nd a ga in I ha d registered a vow
tha t I 5hould deliver my 50ul upon the
5ubiect...
a >give himemotiona l supporl solha t hewould
be a blelo give uphis ha bil
b >tell h,mwha l I rea llythoughl a boul his ha bit
e > help himovercomehis pa in
3 ... but there wa s lha t in the cool.
noncha la nt a ir of my compa nion which ma de
him:thejast mao with whom one would care
t2.ja ke a nything a pproa ching to a liberty.
a >lhe lils- ma nonewould like lo ha vea n
a rgumenl wilh
b >the 1( ls-: ma n one would criticize
e > lhe la s: ma nonewould feel free lObe
honesl Wilh
4 Hisgreat powers, his masterly manner,
a nd the experience which I ha d ha d 01hi5
ma ny extra ordina ry qua lities. a ll ma de me
diffjdent a nd ba ckwa rd in cr05sing hjm.
a >nol confidenl a bOUlmyself
b> shya nd unwilling to a nnoy himbynol doing
or saving what hewants
c> a fra id01his a ggressive
rea ctlo1S
ON TH E CD: AUDIO ARTlCLE & MORE EXERCISES
45
46
. -
Sto tellin CHAPTER 1 THE SCIENCE OF DEDUCTION LEVELS: ADVANCED I PROFICIENCY
Focus on Literary
Analysis
Characters are an important
element of fietion. Can you
describe the two protagonists
in this story using personality
adjeetives? Usethe list below
and remember to justify your
ehoiees with examples from
the tex!.
Nonchalant I diffident !
fatherly I earnest I vane I
analytical I professional I
irritable I meticulous I
dogmatic I logical I frank I
self-confident.
Sherlock Holme.
Example: "but there was tlJat in the
c001. noncha/ant air al my
companion which made hilT the /ast
man with whom one would care to
take anything approaching to a
berty"
Your de.triptioo: nonchalan!, __
Watson
Example: "The W suggests your
own name. The date of the watch is
nearly (ilty years back. and lje initia/s
are as old as the watch: so ir was
made lar the last generatior.
Jewellery usually descends to the
eldest son, and he I S most like/y to
have the same name as the lather.
Your father has, if I remember right,
been dead many ears. /t has.
therefore. been in the handl al your
e/dest brother. "
Your description: analytica. _
)Ul'Jj 'aql?lwf 'l~auJl.'a ',(JilI .lll'; 'luapl!flP :UO$leM
lUolplUO)-Jlas '1l')l601 ')411.'W50p 'snon:>tlaUJ 'I E'UOls~~JoJd
'auP~ 'J:JaI .{lP; :sawlOH lPOI J<l4S :A3)1 1I 3MSN'tt
ON THf ([) AUDIO ARTI CL E & MORE EXERCISES
fl<.:ld()L ~L "arch. '[() rhe lraincd ere dH:n.' is as much difTcrence betWt:t'1l
the bbck ash of a Trichinopoly26 ;tna the whilc tllltl
27
of hird's.cye
as t1H'rC is bt'I Wt.'t'l1a cabbage aud;1 pota ro."
"YOll have an extraordinary gCllill,';t(H minutiae
28
," 1remarked.
"1 apprecia,e ,heir imporunce. Here is my monog,aph uron che
rracing 01' f()O[srt'ps, \virh sume H'lllarks upon rhe uses of p1:lS[er oC
P~irisas a prrSrl"wr 01' impn:!ises. llt'rc, roo, is a curious rtlt' work
UPOI l tht' inf1l1cncc u[ trade UPO'l the form 01'[he hand, wirh itllO.
r)'pcs of rhe hands 01' s!art'rs, s;li1ors, cork.cu[(ers, composi[Ors,
w(';\\'crs, and dialllond-pulishers. 'fhar is ;1m;Hrcr uf great pr;lcriC:ll
iBlereS[ ro [he scit:lHil1c dcrecrivt' - cspecially in cascs of lI nc!aimed
bodic:~, or in discowring rhe :11l1('(l,dcnrs uf criminais. Bur I WCJr)'
YOI I Wilh my hohhy."
"No! ;u aU:' r answercd carncsdy. ;'I r is of rhe greUt'sr imerest lo me,
t.. ~pccial1}' sir,('c I h;lve had lhe opponunit)' of ob,~ervillg your prni-
cll applic~Hion 01' ir. Bur rOl!'~I '0ke jusr now of nhscrvation and
ueJucrion, Surdy rhe onc lOSOI ll;' exrcnr implies rhe other."
"Why, hardly," he answt'rcd, ]!,;'ani:lg\xlCk luwriollsly in his armchair
ami sl.:l1ding up ,hick blue \.. n.:a(1,~29from his pipe. "For example,
observ;Hion shm. s I lll.: llar YOll llave bt:en ro rhe \X'igmoft." SHccr
POM-Ofl1ce ,!lis mOl"ning, bur dcdllnion leL ~me know rhar wltell
rht'l"l.:YOtl dispacched ;1 rdegram."
"Right!" said r. ;'Righl 011 both P,)iI lL ~!BU[ 1COl1rl:~Srhar 1JOI l't sec
how you arr:ved al ir. I r was a slI Jdt'll impul!ic lI POI l my pan, ;I I 1J I
havt~lllClHiol1t'J ir 10 no olle."
"I r is simplidry irsdf," he rcmarknt. chuckling :tI m)' surprisc - ".so
absurdly sill'.plc rha[ ;trl expbnatlon is superlluolI Si and yC{it mal'
St'rve ro define rhe limits of ohscrvarioJl :lnd 01" d{,duclinll.
OhserY:ltion tells me rha[ you !lav: a Jiule reddish mOllld adhering w
your nsrep. JUSI npposire rhe \X'igmore Srreel Ofl1ct.' rhey have rakcn
I I p rht.' pavemcnr ami rhrown up S:Jllleeanh, which lie.~in such ;1 wal'
rhat ir is JiH1clI lr ro ;\void rrcadir:g in ir in entcrillg. The carrh is of
tltis pl.'culiar rcddish tint which i~/(HlJ1d, as [ar as 1know, nowht'rc
cisc in I he ncighbourhood. So I lluch is Ob,~t'f\';}lion. Thc rc~r is
dcducrion."
"llow, t1wn, did you d(,ducc rhe rdegram?"
(w he conrillllt'd ..,)
26 Trichinopoly: adg;lf chidlyI llJtl\lr.n,:wfC'd frnm l\)h,lCl'Og."'tlwn(lul~idt' [ht'
di~lri.. l ,11Dilldi~ul, Tri,hinoruly, in 'tOudwrn I ndia 127 fluff: the mil: ne'\'.'h3irs ("111 3
YUUl1
h
;minu.l128minutiae: sm.tll Jnd often unimport.lnt Jc!,lils 129 wreaths:
;1I l .lfr;lll~'ment of t1owcrr; J.l1J I t".lves in .l ...-irl'ulJ.r~h;lpe, which i~moo as a Jl"Cof,lI ilJ:l or
,L .~,1,ign uf respCCI ,1I \d rCI t1C'mbr,mec fr ;t pcr!ion who h.u Jic."ll
COMUNIDAD DE TECNOLOGIA
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SPYGAMES
J ames Bond favors the
Astan Martn DB5.
007 has cncountered manr. many. many
womenon hisassignments. These
actresses fmm the Bond films have
appeared in otber well.known - and sorne
nOl-o.well.known - movies. Can yoo
match (heBondcostar with anothcr oneof
her onscrecn roles?
1. Halle.Berry Uinx in "Die Anmhcr Day")
. UrsulaAndress (Haney Ryder in "Dr. No")
3. FamkeJ anssen (XeniaOnaropp in "GoldenEyc")
4. J ane Scymour (Solitaire in "Liveand Le, Die")
5. GraceJ ones (Mar Dar in ''A ViewroaKilI")
6. Maud Adam, (OClOPUSSYin "OClOP"",Y)
ROLE
A, A woman trapped inatime-travellove afliir in
"Somewhere inTlme"
B. AphlOdire in"Ctash of theTiran,"
C. A crack addia in "J ungle Fever"
D. The telepamic mutam J ean Grey
in "X-Men"
E.The warrior ZuJ ain "Conan me
Destroyer"
F.The girlfriend of vill:lin Francisco
Scaramanga in "Th: Man with me
Golden Gun"
I
Daniel Craig as 007
COURTESY OF MGMI\J A
Ever since San Connery iQliOduced himsell as "Bond,
J ames Bond" in 1962's "Dr. No," fiins have wa chect 007
beat the bad guys, get the girl and drink lots 01 martinis.
Belare "Casino Royale," the 21st film of the series,
arrives in theaters Nov. 17, take ttls quiz lo test your
sleuthing ski lis. See holV much yo~know about the
Bond men, the vvomen, the villains and all the cool stuff.
1. Sean Conocry hasappeared in rhemast films in the
Bond &mchise.
Zero in on the secret world ofi J ames Bond
ByEric GoodwinandJody MitorilMcGatci".I;;bu,,, : r : H EWO ME N
~'UOppJ ~ 01peolj i41. U!UDSs,uelLMaNpaeld
6!eJ ) 'isle~ '; ."il)!NilS liDiS sfilSile~ J ilHuo. U1'il)UO
pU08 PileldIUOqUille, "ilsle~' v 'isle~ 'E ."PIlOMil)!dS~
UI pilJ eidde ilJ OOy.J il60e'ilsle~'z "il!r'lOWpucS lep1nOue
paJ ap!suo) 10US!11'1I0)OJ 8 'elJ aqlV J il)npoJ d ;q Pill 'sil!J ilS
WI!Jsuo!pnpoJ d NO=i4110 lJ ed 10UseM l! ~ne~ nq
'u!e6v J ilr'laNeSJ ilr'lilN. U!puOS paeldoSleilH 'J ilr'laJ ~
ilJ -':- spuowe!o~ pue ,il)IMi iMI1luOno)" ~'leqJ ilpUmUM
'il!lOl 41IM'e!ssne lLOJ :j. "~il6u!IPI01),,,,'ON~QM
:ils!lpueJ I .lep!J .jo. il4 1 0 sWI!JXISU!PUOSpilleld ,{ilUUO)
M'llr~e el Mil1/lV~pue )ssndoPQM M'llOSil3mOA
J ~ .'J il~eluoo~. ;il'l PilllO' '4MdS il41 un9 uilP109
il4141!MUe'l illU, ~'il!Olil' pue illl!1. :SWI!jpuoS UilAilS
U!pilJ eilddl?ilJ OOy.J il60e'10\.lOS'~Ie~ '\ :SlflMSNV
With Daniel Craig's debut in "Casino Royale," saaetors
havestarred as lan Aeming's spy. \\'hich of the state-
ments about me stars aretrue and which are false?
2. Timothy DallOn appeared in the 1997 SpiceGitls
movie "SpiceWorld."
3. Roger Moore isactor Dudley Moore's bromer.
THEBOND
4, George Lu.enby appeared as Bond in twO films,
5. Daniel Craig gained notice in theUnited Sta[es
fur his roleasPaul Newman's son ir. "The Color
ofMoney,"
LANGUAGE TRAINING FOR THE REAL WORLD
A ctual English is a publication for
intermediate and advaneed readers of
English who wish to improve their
skilis and knowledge of the language.
I ts contents are of general interest
and it is entirely written in English,
with some added deviees to enhanee
the reading and eomprehension
experienee, sueh as definitions of the
most diffieult words in the articles
and some complementary exercises.
This magazine aets as a eomplement
to formal English language studies
and extends the learning and practice
of the language to the area of free
time activities.
20 I 810: Saddam Hussein
Over his 24 years as presiden<of lraq, he eamed ,he
moniker Burcher of Bagdad by ruling with brote
force, torrute and cunning. A lthough rhe U.S.
supported him many cimes.
42 Storytelling: Sign of tour
Om litcramrc secrion for dlOse of YOll \vho cniay
a good S{ory now and then. In chis issuc we bring
yau ao cxcerpr of Arrhur Cunan Doylc's famous book,
"Sign offour".