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0;'"

ttl"b

~ '1, --1'_6 y-c,

o~><):c
~IY\ v !

~ -f cb,,'l-f I ~ "' .-\

~-e-:

j (",)

-1-(r)

~ C~~) ~

J(~51 I,

A0 I

f C7'

~)

Lf

'C

~_... ~ 2 ..Cl)

'l- <t

::

1--~

/1 '1 -:: 2.

AAA-'L

(j;: \"3).- ('1~ x) ~") yJ~il\

--t

1-./lt \ ::5~)< )
"i

tes

- \" JY,- ( y-t:)-J

-

~)

<7 )

7)

)<: t

X;

((~-9~
"Z')

-t L:- 0

X>

t) ~'v

'x '": "I X r-~ q

EXERCISE 2(A)

If Jog!. (x

5x + 7) > 0, then exhaustive range of values of x is

Sol

(-00,2)u(3,00)

(B*)

(C)

(-00, J) U (2,00)

(0) None of these

2
logl/2 (x - 5x + 7) > 0

=>

0<x 2-5x+7<1

=>

xE

If log, (x

s'~l

(2,3)
-

6x + 11) < 1, then the exhaustive range of values of x is

(2,4)

(A)

(-00,2) U ( 4,00)

(B*)

(C)

(-00, I) U (1,3) U (4,00)

(0) None of these

log3 (x 2

6x + 11) < 1

0<x 2-6x+11<3

=>
=>

(2,3)

(A)

xE

(2,4)

Exhaustive set of values of x satisfying

loglxl (x + X + I) ~
2

is

(-OO,-I)u(l,oo)

(A)

(-1,0)

(B)

(C)

(-oo,oo)-{-I,O,I}

(0*)

(-oo,-I)u(-I,O)u(l,oo)

Sol

In this case base is variable. Thus we must take two separate cases:

(i)

Ixi E (0,1) . In this case we

=>

XE

[-1,0].

Common part of
(

xE[-l,O]

and
(H)

is

Ixl E (0,1)
xE(-l,O).

Ixl > 1. In this case we

=>

must have

Ixl>l

and

Thus, the finel solution is

xE(-oo,-l)u(O,oo)

is

(-oo,-l)u(l,co)

XE(-oo,-I)u(-I,O)u(l,oo)

r~

Complete sol ution set of the inequality x ( e" -1)( x + 2)( x --: 3
(A)

[-2,3]

(C*)

Sol

x2 + x + 12.': 1

E(-00,1) u(O,oo).

Common part of

have to ensure that 0 < x 2 + X + 1::::; 1

(-00,-2]u{0,3}

(B)

(-2,0]

(0)

(-00,-2]u[0,3]

Using wavy curve method and the fact that X =

is

and 3 are the repeted roots of

(ex -1) ( x + 2)(x - 3)2 = 0,

~2

we get the sign scheme of the given expression as

Thus complete solution is x E (-oo,-2]u(0,3).

2

Complete solution set of

2- ~ 1 is
x-I

(8*)

(C)

Sol

- I-2
J5' -1+J5]

2
u(l,oo)

1 ~1 ~ 1

(D)

- I- J5 -1+J5]
2'

IJ
-1+J5
2'

x-I
,.1

~ Ix -11, x:;to 1

Adjacent figure represents the graphs of y =

x and y = Ix -11
2

solving x 2 == 1- x, we get

-1J5

X=--

Thus solution is

- I- J5 -1+J5]
2

'

2
2

Complete solution set of the equation jx -1 + cosxl = Ix -11 + Icosxl belonging to

(-27t,7t),
(A) [ -

is

~ , ~] ~ ( -1, 1)

Sol

\x 2-I+cosx!=lx 2-I!+lcosx[.Itimpliesthat (x

2-I)

cos z O because [x+yl=[xl+ly[ if

y ~ O. Sign scheme of (x -I)cosx is

2

+
I
I
I
-2n -3n -n -1
-2 2

CD

Sol

Sol

I
n

n
ED

If [xf -S[x]+6=O, where [.J denotes the greatest integer function, then
(A) xE[3,4)

(B) xE[2,3]

(C)

X E

{2,3}

(D*)

x E [2,4)

[xY -~[x]+6=O
r
=>

: [x]=2,3

=>

x E [2,4)

If

[lOg,([: I)]~ 0, w he" [.1 denote, the g"ale,t inteqer function, then

(A) xE(-oo,oo)~[O,I)

(B) XE(-OO,O)

(C) x

(D*) None of these

[1,00)

[lOg,([:1)] ~ 0
=>

Jog, ([

(-

:1);'

x-[x] >
[x] - 0

[x] ~ 1

It implies that 'x' is any positive real number greater than of equal to one or 'x' is any non
zero integer.

Total number of positive real values of x satisfying 2[x] = x + {x}, where [.J and {.}
denote the greatest integer function and fractional part respectively, is equal to
(A) 2

Sol

(B*) 1

2[x]=x+{x}

=>

2[x]=[x]+2{x}

=>

{x} = [x]
2

(C) 0

(D) 3

o~[x]<l
2
~

0~[x]<2

[x] =0,1

For [x] = 0, we get [x] = 0

=>

x =0

Fpr [ x] = 1, we get

X=

10

{x} = 2

Total number of solutions of

[X]2 = X+ 2{x},

where [.J and {.}

denotes the greatest integer function and fractional part respectively is equal to
(A) 2
(B*) 4
(C) 6
(D) None of these

/-

Sol

[xf =x+1{x}

[xf =[x]+3{x}

{x}=[xf-[x]
3

0::; [xf

-[x] <1

O::;[xf -[x]<3

IX1EC-;m

J+ +;m]
1

,0

[x ] = -1,0,1,2

=>

c-

2
2
{x} = --',0,0,
3

I
8
3' , '3

x =-- 01

=>
11

If

[x J+ X -a = has a solution where

2

different values of 'a' can be

(A)2
(B)3
Sol

[x

2J+x-a=0

'x'I has to be an integer

a=x 2 + x = x ( x + I )

Thus 'a' can be 2,6,12,20.

a EN and a ~ 20, then total number of

(C*) 4

(D) 6

12

If [ x + [2x]] < 3, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, then
(A)

Sol

(0*)

xE[O,1)

XE(-00,1)

[ X+ [2x]J < 3

=>

[x]+[2x] ~ 2

Any non-positive real number will satisfy this inequality.

NOWifXE(O,~)
=>
=>

[ X ] = 0 , [2x] = 1
inequality is still satisfied

For XE(1,%} [x]=1,[2x]=2

=>

Thus,

13

inequality doesnot hold true.

XE(-00,1).

The minimum value of f (x) = Ix

(A) 1

Sol

-11 + Ix - 21 + Ix - 31 is equal to

(B*) 2

We get, f(x) =

(0) 0

(C) 3

6-3x ,
4-x

X< 1
l~x<2
2~x<3

X
3x-6 ,

x>3

-3 ,
X< 1
-1 , 1< X<2
f'(x)=
1
2<x<3
3
x>3
Thus f(x) decreasing for
Hence, f(x)

14

< 2 and increasing for

> 2.

Imin = f(2)=2.

If [Ssin x] + [cosx] + 6 = 0 then range of f (x) = sin X+

.J3 cosX, corresponding to the solution

set of the given equation, is (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function)

(A) [-2,0]
Sol

(C)

[S sin x] + [cosx] = -6
=>

[Ssinx] == -S,[cosx] ==-1

- S :s; Ssin X< -4 , - 1 ~ cosx < 0
.

- 1 ~ sm x < --, -1 ~ cosx < 0

S

[-2,.J3)

(0*) [-2, -~)

f'[x] = sinx +.J3 eosx = 2sin( x +~)

Now

we h ave,

16

C)

<-2

{o}

(B) {0,1}

f!

(C*)

[1]

(D) None of these

Y= Isin xl + leos xl
~

=>

1 S y 2 S 2

YE

=::::>

f(x)=l V xER

=1+lsin2xl

[1,.J2]

co SX

Total number of solutions of 2

(A) 12

Sol

Range of f (x) = [Isin xl + leos xl] , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, is

(A)
Sol

. ( 1t).J3
- 1 s sin x+(j

=::::>

15

. (4)
1t + -1t3 + sm- < x + -1t < -31t + 1t
5
6
2
3

(B*) 14

= Isin xl in

[-21t,51t]

is equal to

(C) 16

(D) 15

Is

Graph of y = 2 eos< and y = inxl meet four times in [0, 21t] .

Thus, total number of solutions

=4+4+4+2==14
,
,,

,,

/'---";,...........

17

Let A

f :A

\\

.rt">

<,

""',
'..... \

~/"

---\1---

-,

.-''

\--+ y == Isin xl
I

= [x., x2 , .... xm} ,B = {YI' Y2' . ., Yn} then total number of one-one functions

B is equal to

(A*) npm

Sol

.'----- y == 2 cos x

(B)

-cm

(C) n!

(D) m!

For function to be one-one, each element of set A must have different image in st B. We first
of all choose any 'rn' elements in st B. This can be done in "C m ways. Now one-one corre
spondence of elements of set A with these selected elements can be done in m! ways.
Thus total number of one-one functions will be equal to "C m .m! i.e. np.
m

Total number of solution of 2 x + 3x + 4 x - Y = 0 is

(A*) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3

18

2 x + T + 4x - y = O

Sol

is a decreasing function, and Also

Thus, f

(x) = 0

g(O) = 1.

has exactly one root.

19

Total number of solutions of the equation sin 1t

Sol

There are exactly six solutions.

(A)8

(.

(0) None of these

(B) 10

x= l.en Ixll are

(C) 9

(0*)6

r'

-3

20

Total number of solutions of the equation

4-

[x] = 0

are (where [.j denotes the greatest

interger function)
(A) 1

(B*) 2

(C) 3

(0) 4

Sol

There are exactly 2 solutions.

-2

\"

64'
O~X ~

x> 1

2
(B) f(x)= x ,

Osxs

4 < x sl

x> 1

64'
(C*) f(x)

Osx~-

x> 1

-< x s 1

x2,
x 3,

(D) None of these

Osxs
64'
8

Sol

2
Clearl~/..I f (x) = x ,

x3 ,

40

-< x sl
8

x > 1

Which one ofthe following depicts the graph ofan odd function?
y

10

10

(A)

-_+-)
O---,<<"'+='-----+-4X

10

-10

-+--~---...-X

y
y

10
10

(C) --<_If--+.::----+-+X
o
10

-10

[Hint: Only in D, the graph has a symmetry w.r.t. origin

41

Minimum period ofthe function

I(x) = 1 sin 32x 1 + 1 cos 32x 1 is
n
(B)
2

(A)n

42

[Sol.

(B)[1,2]

[Sol.

(
44

(C*)(O,2)

0<x<2

3n
4

~cos-I(l-x) is

(D)(O, 1)
~

0::; x::; 2 ....(1)

..... (2)

If I(x) = 2x 3 + 7x - 5 then ]1(4) is

(A *) equal to 1
(B) equal to 2
(C) equal to 1/3
(D) non existent
Note that fis bijective hence f- I exist
when y=4
2x 3 + 7x-9 =0
2x 2(x - 1) + 2x(x - 1) + 9(x - 1) = 0

(x - 1)(2x2 + 2x + 9) = 0

x = 1 only
~
A;
as 2x2 + 2x + 9 = 0 has no other roots ]

Given f(x)

8
1_
_ + _8_
~l-x l+x

4
4
g(x)= f(sinx) + f(cosx)

and

[Hint: f(x)=

4
c-?";
f(sinx)=
2

\/1- x

then g(x) is

(B) periodic with period n

(D) aperiodic

(A *) periodic with period nl2

(C) periodic with period 2n

-I

-I

cos x

hence g (x) = I sin x I + 1cos x I

45

(D)

We have for cos-I(l- x) ~ 0 ~ -1::; (l - x)::; 1 ~ - 2::; - x::; 0

10'3 x- 2-9x- 1-1>0
also
103x - 9x - 9 > 0

10'3 x-3 2x-9>0

32x-10'3 x + 9 < 0
(3 X - 1) (3 X - 9) < 0
1 < 3x < 9
~
from (l) and (2)

O<x<2

43

Domain of definition ofthe function f(x) = 10g~10-3x-2 -9 x-1-1 +

(A)[O,l]

,rl(

(C*)

and
~

f(cosx) = -,-.-I

sm x ;

(A) ]

The period of the function f (x) = I si~ x I + 1cos x I is

[sin x -cosx 1

(A) 1[/2
(B) nl4
(C*) n
(D) 21[
[Hint: when p = nl2 then D' ~ cos X + sin x ~ nl2 can not be the period]

46

In the square ABCD with side AB = 2, two points M & N are on the adjacent sides of the square such

that MN is parallel to the diagonal BD . If x is the distance ofMN from the vertex A and f (x) = Area
(Ll AMN), then range of f (x) is:

(A)

(0, 12]

(D) (0,213]

(C) (0,212]

(B*) (0, 2 ]

[Sol. AP = x ; MN = y ; BD = 212
y
_ 2J2-x
~ '"

hence,

2",2

x;

f(x) =

f(x)]max
f(x)]min

47

f (x)

x
lnx

=> Ss CNM and CDB are similar y = 2 (212 -

'\12

= x (212-

x)

2-

=2 when x=.J2]
=0 when x=2.J2

and g (x)

lnx

=-

. Then

x)

(x - 12f

=> range is (0 , 2 ]

identify the CORRECT statement

,.fA*) g(x) and f(x) are identical functions (B) f(x) and g (x) are identical functions

=1

'If xc- O

(D)

1
1
x
[Hint: (A) g(x) = lnx/x ; f(x)= lnx

x>

(C) f(x) . g (x)

lnx

(B) f(x) = xl lnx ;

(C) f (x) . g (x)

(D) f(x).g(x)

48

g(x)=~

=1

'If x c-O

x :;t 1 for both

=>

f(x) is not defined at x =1 but g (1) = 0

lnx
x

=1

if x> 0 ,x

=1

only for x > 0 and x

= -I.
nx

1
f(x).g(x)

x lnx

- lux: x

:;t

=> N. I.
:;t

1]

Letfbe a function satisfying j(xy) = f(x) for all positive real numbers x and y. If j(30) = 20, then the
y

value ofj(40) is
(A *) 15
(B) 20
(C) 40
(D) 60
[Hint: An equation of this kind is called a functional equation, and can often be solved by choosing particular
values for the variables. In this case, by choosing x = 1, we see that f (y)= f(1) for all y. put y = 30;
y
f(1) 600

f(1)=30f(30)=3020=600.Nowj(40)= 40 = 40 =15 Ans.]

49

[Sol.

Let f(x) = sin 2x + cos'x + 2 and g (x) = cos (cos x) + cos (sin x), Also let period off (x) and g (x) be
T] and T 2 respectively then
(A) T] = 2T 2
(B) 2T 1 = T 2
(C*) T] = T 2
(D) T] = 4T 2
f (x) = sin/x + (l - sin-x)? + 2
= 3 - sin/x + sirr'x
= 3 - sin-x cos-x

22x

sin
=3---

50

A function I(x) = .Jl- 2x + x is defined from D I ~ D 2 and is onto. If the set D I is its complete domain
then the set D2 is

(B) (- 00, 2)
[Sol.

(C) (-

(D*)(-

1)

00,

1]

D 2 means range of the function

let

as,

y = .Jl - 2x + x

(y - X)2 = 1 - 2x

y2 _ 2xy + x2 = 1- 2x

x2 + 2x(1 - y) + y2 - 1 = 0

x E R, D:? 0

4(1 - yf :? 4(y2 - 1)

1 + y2 - 2y :? y2 - 1

-2y :? -2

y s; 1 =>
~rt= (- ex), 1] Ans.

Alternatively: f' (x) = 1 - .JI- 2x; f' (x) = 0

f(-oo)=~-ex)

51

00,

Let f (x) = e

x=o

1 -2x = 1

=>

J]

{elxl sgn x }

and g (x) = e

[e!xl sgn x ]

,x

R where { x } and [ 1denotes the fractional part and

integral part functions respectively. Also h (x)=/n (f(x)) + In (g(x))then for all real x, hex) is
(A *) an odd function
(C) neither an odd nor an even function

(B) an even function

(D) both odd as well as even function

hex) = In (f(x)'g(x)) = In e{Y}+[Y] = {y } + [y] = y = e 1xl sgn x

[Hint:

eX

h(x)=e1x1sgnx= [ 0 -x

-e

e- X

he-x) = [ 0
_ex

if x > 0
if x=O

if x c O

if x c O
if x=O
if x> 0

h (x) + h (-x) = 0 for all x

52

Which of thefollowing function issuqective but not i nja:iive

(A)f:R~R f(x) =x 4+2x3-x2+1
(B) f:R~R

f(x) =x3+x+l

(C) f:R~R+
[Sol.

(A)
say

f(x) =.Jl+x 2
(D*) f:R~R f(x) =x3+2x2-x+l
f (x) = x4 + 2x 3 - x2 + 1 ~ A polynomial of degree even will always be into
f(x) = a ox2n + a l x2n-] + ~ X2n - 2 + .... + ~n
. .
"
LImit f(x) = Limit
x---)co

x---)co

a 2n
[
al a2
[x 2n a o +-+2+ .. +~
X
X
X

Hence it will never approach <X) / - <X)

(B)
f(x) = x 3 + X + I => f'(x) = 3x2 +]
(C)

=>

J= [ex)
-<X)

if ao > 0
.
If ao < 0

injective as well as surjective

f (x) =..J[;;;2 - neither injective nor surjective (minimum value = l )

f(x)=x 3+2x2-x+ I
Hence f(x) is surjective but not injective.]

53

=>

f'(x) =

Suppose that f is continuous on [a, b] and thatf(x) is an integer for each x in [a, b]. Then in [a, b]
(A)f is injective
(B) Range of f may have many elements
(C) {x} is zero for all x E [a, b] where { } denotes fractional part function

(D*) f(x) is constant

[Hint: Explanation: Letj'(x.) == nand f(x 2) == m, XI' ~ E (a, b) with n > m (say). According to the intermediate
value theorem, between x J and x 2 there must be some value X for which
I
I
f(x) == m +
which is impossible since m +
is not an integer.]

2"

54

2"

If f(x, y) = (max(x,y)rin(x,y) and g (x, y) = max(x, y) - min(x, y), then

(g(-l' -%} g(-4, -1.75) equals

(A) - 0.5
(

(C) I

(D*) 1.5

g( -1, -%J = max(-l, -%J -min(-1, -%J = -/1/- (-%J = ~

[Sol.
and

Then

55

(B) 0.5

g(- 4, -1.75) = max(- 4, - 1.75) - min(- 4, :- 1.75)

= -1.75

(- 4)

= 2.25 == "4

-(a x(12'- -49))minG'~)

_(9)k
_i]
f(~ 2 ,~J4- m

4
2

2+2)(x
2_7x+lO) .
eX/nx 5(X
The range of the function f(x) =
2x2 -llx + 12
IS

(A*) (-00,00)

(B) [0,00)
2+2)

[Sol.

f'(x) = eX lnx 5(x

.(x-2)(x-5)

(2x-3) (x-4)
Note that at x == 3/2 & x = 4 function is not defined and in open interval (3/2,4) function is continuous.
Lim = (+ve)(-ve)(-ve)
H~+
(+ve)(-ve)

-00

Lim = (+ve)(+ve)(-ve) ~ 00
(+ve) (-ve)
In the open interval (3/2,4) the function is continuous & takes up all real values from (-00 ,00 )
Hence range of the function is (-00 ,00) or R]
x~4-

56

Ifthe solution set forj(x) < 3 is (0, (0) and the solution set forj(x) > - 2 is (-00,5), then the true solution
set for (j(x)f:2: f(x) + 6, is

(A)(- 00, + (0)

[Hint: flex) - f (x) - 6 ~ 0

(B)(- 00,0]

(f(x)-3) (f(x)+2) ~ 0
f (x) ~ 3
or
f (x)
~
given f(x) < 3
..
f(x)~3
~
lilly
f(x-2
~
..
f (x) ~ - 2
~
57

(D*)(- 00,0] u [5, (0)

- 2

X E(O, (0)

X E(-OO, 0]

xE(-00,5)

X E [5, (0)

Let f(x) = (x + 1)2 -1, (x ~ -1). Then the set S == {x: f{x) = rl(x)} is

(A)

[Hint:

(C)[0,5]

{O,-I, -3+ -3~ivS}

ZivS,

(C*) {O,-I}
f (x) = r 1(x) ~
,lk+ 1)2-1 =x

x2 + X = 0

(B) {a, 1, -I}

[IIT '95, 2 ]

(0) empty
f (x) = X

x = 0 or - 1

I if x is rational

58'

Let j(x) = {

if x is irrational

A function g (x) which satisfies x f(x) ~ g (x) for all x is

(A) g(x) = sin x
(B) g (x) = x
(C) g (x) = x2

(0*) g (x)

Ix I

X if x is rational

[Sol.

x f (x) = {

o if

x is irrational

g (x) = sin x near. x ~ 7t though rational then x f (x) ~ 7t but g (x) ~ 0 ~ x f (x) > g (x)

g (x) = x is negative for negative irrational x while x f (x) is 0 ; x f (x) > g (x)

g (x) = x2 is smaller than x for 0 < x < 1 and rational; so x f(x) > g (x)

g (x) = I x I equals x f (x) for x positive and rational, is larger than x f (x) for x irrational. ]

59

(-

Given f(x) = (x+I)C(2x- 8) ,. g (x) = (2x-8)C (x + J) and h (x) = f(x) .

g (x)
, then which of the following
holds?
(A) The domain of 'h' is ~
(B) The range of 'h'is {- I}

(C) The domain of 'h' is {x / x ~ 3 or x:s - 3; XE I

(0*) The range of 'h' is {I}

[Hint: h(X)=X+IC2X_82x-8Cx+l; x+I~2x-8 ~ x~9;2x-8~x+I ~ x~9

hence x = 9

domain ofh (x) = { 9 }

range ofh (x) = 1

60

Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded by the x and y axis and the graphs of
9
j(x) = 25 x+ band y = j-I (x). If the area ofR is 49, then the value of b, is

(A)
[Sol.

18

(B)

22

(C*)

28

(D) none

x-b
Iff (x) = mx + b, then f-) (x) = - - and their point of intersection
m

can be found by setting x = mx + b since they intersect on y = x.

A

bm ' 1-b
Thus x = 1 ~bm and the point of intersection is (1m) .

Region R can be broken up into congruent triangles PAB and PCB

my=x- b

...",.+ _ _-,--~_-'--'---_

b
which both have a base ofb and a height of 1- m .

The area ofR is (2b) (_b_) =

= 49. For m =
b2 =
. 49
1- m
25 '
25
2
1- m
61

[Sol.

What percent of the domain of the functionf(x) = 4/

~9-12x+51

(A *) 40%
(B) 50%
9 - x2 ~ 0
~
- 3~x~3
also
9 - I 2x + 5 I> 0
i.e.
I 2x + 5 I < 9

-9 <2x + 5 <9

-7 < x,.r< 2

Hence domain off (x) is [- 3,2)

b = 2 Ans.]
58

consists of positive numbers.

(D) 65%

(C) 30%

2
%= - =40% ]
.
5

Which of the following statements are incorrect?

I
If f(x) and g (x) are one to one thenf(x) + g(x) is also one to one.

II
If f(x) and g (x) are one-one thenf(x) . g(x) is also one-one.

III
If f(x) is odd then it is necessarily one to one.

(A) I and II only

(B) IT and III only
(C) III and I only
(D*) I, II and III
3
[Hint: I
f(x)=xandg(x)=-x or f(x)=x and g(x)=-x
[12 th (28-5-2006)]
3
II
f(x)=xand g(x)=x
III
f (x) = sin x which is odd but not one-one]

62

63

Consider a real valued function f(x) such that

f(a) + feb) = f (;

++a~) is satisfied are

(A) a E (--<X.l, 1); bE R

(C) a E (-I, I); b E [-1, 1]
[Sol. x+xef(x) =I_ef(x)

64

1- ef(x)
= x. The values of 'a' and 'b' for which
1 + ef(X)

(B) a E (- 00, 1); bE (-1,00)

(D*) a E (-1, I); bE (-1, 1)

(x+1)ef(x)=I-x

~ f(X)=ln(~::)]

Suppose thatfis a function such that f(cos x) = cos 17x. Which one ofthe following functions ghas the
property that g(sin x) = sin 17x.

f(~)

(A) g(x)

(C) g(x)

= ~I- f(x)2

[Hint: replacing x by

~ - x;

f( x-~ J

(B) g(x) =
(D*) g(x)

f ( cos( %- x ) J= cos] 7

= f (x)

(~- x )

f(sin x) = sin 17x = g (sin x)

hence f= g ]

65

Let a> I be a real number andf(x) = logax2for x > O. 1ff-1 is the inverse function of f and band care
real numbers thenll(b + c) is equal to

(C) f(b+c)
Y
log x=
a
2

=>

[Sol. y = 2 ]ogax

=>

x=

a y/2

11(y) = a y/2
b+c

f-I(b+c)= a
66

=f-l(b)f-l(C) Ans.]

Let f(x) = sinM x (where [] denotes the greatest integer function). If fis periodic with fundamental
period n, then a belongs to :
(A) [2,3)
(B) {4,5}
(C) [4,5]
(D*) [4,5)

[Hint: p =
67

2n
.J[aj

For x
(A)

13

= n, hence

'"

3?!

x ---+ 1 - x
multiply (I) by (2)
(3) - (2)

[Sol.

70

=>

[a] = 4

(B)

43

(C*)

= x2 then the value off(4) is equal to

23

2f(x)+f(1-x)=x2
f(x) + 2f(1 - x) = (l - xf
4f(x)+2f(l-x)=2x2

..
I
4::; a < 5)1'

(D) none

(1)
.... (2)
(3)

3f(x)=2x2 - (l - X)2
3f(4)=32-9=23
f(4) = 23/3 Ans. ]

a" + a-x
Given the function fl:x) = . 2
(a> 0) . If f(x + y) + f(x - y) = k f(x). fl:y) then k has the value equal
to :
(A) 1

69

=>

R, the functionf(x) satisfies 2f(x) + f(1 - x)

[Sol.

68

Jr.:1

,,[a] =2

(B*) 2

(C) 4

(D) 1/2

The functionf is one to one and the sum of all the intercepts of the graph is 5. The sum of all of the
intercept of the graph ofy = f-I(x) is
(A *) 5
(B) 1/5
(C) 2/5
(D) - 5
A one to one function and its inverse are symmetric across the line y = x. Thus x and y intercept are
interchanged and the sum is the same i.e. 5. ]
The function f(x) = cor:' ~(x + 3) x + cos" ~X2 + 3x + 1 is defined on the set S, where S =

(A) {O,3}
(B) (0,3)
(C*) {O, -3}
(D) [-3,0]
[Hint: x(x + 3) ::2: 0 =>
x z 0 or x::; - 3
and
- 1 ::; x2 + 3x + 1 ::; 1 =>
x(x + 3) ::;0 and 22 + 3x + 2 3 which is always true.
Hence -3 s x::; 0
Hence x s O or -3 =>
x= {O,-3}

EXERCISE 2(8)

1.

Determine the domains of the following, real - valued, functions :

(i) f(x)=

2.

~x2_1 x 1-2

(ii) f(x)= - 4
2

-x

+ log5(Xl- x)

Determine the ranges of the following ,real - valued, functions defined on appropriate domains :
2

(i) f(x)= x + 2x + 3

(ii) f(x)

x
(iii) f(x)= 3cosx - 4sin x + 2

x 2 -2

~3

(iv)f(x)=[x2-x+l] , 0~x~2

[ ] is the step function.

3.

The following function, called the SIGNUM function, is defined as shown below:
I , if x>O

sgn(x) =

~t

0,

=0

-1, If x < O.

Mark all the correct statements :

I : x sgn (x) = 1x I
III : x (sgn(x)) (sgn (x)) = x

4.

./
II : I x I sgn (x) = x
IV : 1x 1 (sgn (x) )3 =

X .

Decide whether the following functions are odd, even or neither :

I-x

x(2 X + 1)

(i) f(x)= loglO-1

+x

(iii)

f(x)=Jl+x+~

2x

(ii) f(x) =

- Jl-x+x2

(iv)f(x)=(2x 4-5x2+3). cosx.

x-2

= --3' Show thatf is bijective. Find j

5.

f: R - {3} ~ R - {I} is the function given by f(x)

6.

Let f :(- 00, 1]

Find i :'

7.

Let f(x)

8.

[] is the step function. How many solutions does the equation 3x = [sinx + [sin x + [sinx] ]] have in the
interval (0, 2)?

9.

p is a constant. Find p if the fundamental periods of sin px+ cos px and

are equal.

(- 00, 1] be the function given f (x) = x (2 - x). Show that f is bijective.

= -1-'
x 7= 0,
-x

1. Find p006 (2005) , where fn

=f

f ... n times

10. k is a constant. Find the range of values of k if the function f, given by

f(x)= [x: Jsinx

".

~ ~

+ cos x , - 5 x 5, is even.

11. What is the domain of f(x) = log log log log x , where all the logs have base 10 ?

1sinx 1 + 1cosx 1

12. Given f(x)::= 10glOox

(210~OxX + 2) and

g (x)= {x}. If fog exists, what is the range of g ?

13. Answer as directed:

[: [3, 27] ~ A is the function given by f(x) = log3x.

i)
If A is the range of t. find A.
ii]
What is the domain of the real-valued function f given by f(x) = loglO(5x - x2_ 6)?
iii]

Forx1'O,jff(x+~)=x2+

iv]

Is the function f , given by f(t) = sin

:2,findf(.J5")

2t +3

, periodic?

14. Find whether the following functions are odd, even or neither:- (x E R)
lOX _lO-x
f(x)::= lOX + 10-x

ii]
2

iii]

x -x+

1)

f()
x = Iog [ x 2 +x+ 1

iv] f(x) = x sinx

x 2 -x

15. Find the domain and the range of t. given by f(x)::= 2

x +2x

16. Is the function f, which satisfies: f(x)+f(x

+ 4)= f(x + 2)+f(x + 6), for all x periodic?

17. P(x) is a polynomial such that P(x). P (;-) = P (x) + P

If P(4)
18. [: R

= 65,

(~) , for all x * O.

find an x such that P(x) = 344 (x is real).

gx

R is a function given by f(x) = - - .

3 + gx

Evaluate f

o'

(_1)
2003

+ f (_2) + ... + f (2002)

2003
2003

19. P(x) is a polynomial such that

2

+P

20. f :(-

(x) P (y) = P (x)

00,

f(x) =

2]

+ P(y) + P(xy), for all x,

Rand g : [-1, 3]

+1 , x ~ 1
1 1
<2
x+ , <x_

y. If P(2) = 5, find P(5).

R are given by

' g(x) =

{x

, -

x+2,

1 ~ x < 2

2~x~3

Find an explicit representation of fog.

21.

Let f ( x )
(I)

= x2 +

x + 1,

X E

Find the range of f

R
(ii)

Reflect the graph of v! ( x ) in the y-axis.

Denote the reflection by g (x ). Now consider g on the domain

positive real numbers. Find

s' ( x ) for

all x > 3/4

[~I (0) of

all the

22.
(a)

Solve the following problems from (a) to (e) on functional equation.

The function 1 (x) defined on the real numbers has the property that

f{j(x))'{l + f(X)) = - 1 (x) for all x in the domain of f. If the number 3 is in the domain and
range of f, compute the value of 1 (3).
[Hint: start with f (x) = y and put y = 3 ]
(b)

Suppose 1 is a real function satisfying 1 (x + 1 (x)) = 4 1 (x) and 1 (1) = 4. Find the value of

(21) .

[Sol. f(1 + f(l)) = 4f(1) = 16, sof(5) = 16. Next,f(21) = f(5 + f(5)) = 4f(5) = 64 ]

'f

be a function defined from R+ ~ R+ . If

(c)

Let

[Sol.

and y and 1 (2) = 6, find the value of 1 (50).

put x = 25 and y = 2

(f(50)f = 25(f(2)f ~
(f(50)f
~
f (50) = 30 or - 30 (rejected)

Alternatively: put
x = l/y

Also

I
f2(]) = - f2(y)
Y
f(2) = 6; put Y= 2

:=}

I
I
f2(1) = - f2(2) = - x 36 = 18

:=}

:=}

f(1) = .J18 =
f2(y) = ] 8y

fey) =

[I (xy)j2

= x{j(y)f

for all positive numbers x

=25(6)2

3J2

3J2Y

f (50) = 3.J100 = 30 ]
Let 1 (x) be a function with two properties
(i)
for any two real number x and y, f (x + y) = x
(ii)
f (0) = 2.

Find the value of 1 (100).

[Sol. put y = 0

f(x)=x+f(0)=x+2

..
f(100) = 102 Ans.

(d)

+1 (y) and

Let f be a function such that f (3) = 1 and 1 (3x) = x + 1 (3x - 3) for all x. Then find the value
of f (300).
[Hint: put x = 2,
f(6) = 2 + f(3) = 3 = 1 + 2
putx=3,
f(9) =3+f(6) = 6=1+2+3
put x = 4,
f (12) = 4 + f (9) = 10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4

f(15) = 5 + f(12) = 15 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5

put x = 5,
(e)

put x =100,

f(300) =1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + 99 + 100 = 5050 Ans.]

23.
(a)

The function 1 (x) has the property that for each real number x in its domain, 1/x is also in its
domain and 1 (x) + f(l/x) = x. Find the largest set of real numbers that can be in the domain
of 1 (x)?

[Sol. Note that 1/x is a cyclic function i.e.

1/x

x.

we substitute l/x we get

f(~) + f(x) = ~
1

Hence x= x
(b)

x2 = I gives domain {-1, 1} Ans.]

Let f (x) = Jax 2 + bx . Find the set of real values of 'a' for which there is at least one positive
real value of 'b' for which the domain of f and the range of f are the same set.

24.
(I)

Write explicitly, functions of y defined by the following equations and also find the domains of
definition of the given implicit functions :
(a) io- + lOy = 10
(b) x + y = 2y

I I

(ii)

The function f(x) is defined on the interval [0,1]. Find the domain of definition of the functions.
(a) f (sin x)
(b) f (2x+3)

(iii)

Given that y
domain of

(
(a) 9 (x) =

[Sol.

(a)

= f (x) is a function whose domain is

1

'3 f (x)

g (x) =

25.

(x - 7)

'31 f (x). Domain of g (x) will be the same as domain of'f(x) i.e, [4, 7] and

range of g (x) is
(b)

(b) h (x) =

[4, 7] and range is [-1, 9]. Find the range and

[-~, 3]

as g (x) =

~ f(x)

h (x) =f(x-7).

For domain of h (x)

4s'x-7s'7 ~
11s,xs,14

Hence domain of hex) is [11,14]

also the range of hex) = [-1,9] same asf

Compute the inverse of the functions:

(a) f (x) = In

(x + ~

(b) f (x) =

2~

(
26.

Let [x] = the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If all the values of x such that the product
[x-

~ [x +~] is prime, belongs to the set [xl' x

2) U

[Sol. Product of two integers is prime if one of them is 1.

now

[x

Case-I:

-rl

[x

+~J is to be prime

Let [ x -

..

~ ] = 1 and [x+~J =2

1
1<x--<2
2

1
and 2<x+-<3
2

3
5
- <x <2 2

3
5
and -2 <x <
2

[x3 ' x4 ) , find the value of

x~ + x~ + x~ + x~ .

Hence x

[%' %) ....(1)

[X - ~] = -

Case-II:

Let

Case-III:

Let [ x +

Case-IV:

Let

[X + ~] = - 2

1 and

~] = 1 and [X - ~] = 2

[X + ~] = -

-l<x+-<O
2

1
and - 2 -< x - -2 < - 1

3
1
--<x<-2 2

a nd - -2 -<x <- 2

Hence x

from (1) and (2)

[-%, -~)

[Sol.

(we will find no solution)

[X - ~] = - 2

1 and

27.

(we will find no solution)

xE

..

(2)

[-%,-~) u [%'%)

Suppose p(x) is a polynomial with integer coefficients. The remainder when p(x) is divided by
x 1 is 1 and the remainder when p(x) is divided by x - 4 is 10. If r (x) is the remainder when
p(x) is divided by (x - l)(x 4), find the value of r (2006).
Dividing p(x) by the quadratic (x - 1)(x - 4) leaves a linear remainder rex) = ax + b

p(x)
(x -l)(x _ 4) = q(x) + rex)
p(1)=l
p(4) = 10
10 - 1 = 4a +
rex) = 3x - 2

28.

In a function

Sol.

Prove that
(i)
f(2)
(ii)
f(2)
f{l) =>

=> p(x) = (x - 1)(x - 4)q(x) + (ax + b)

=>
1=a+b
=>
10 = 4a + b
b a b
9 = 3a =>
a=3
=>
=>
r(2006) = 6018 - 2 = 6016 Ans. ]

=>

b=- 2

1tX

= 4 cos 2 -

+ f(l/2) = 1
+ f(l) = 0

and

putx= I =>3f(1}-2f(1)=-1 =>1 f(1)=-11

f(2) => put x = 2 => 2f(2) + 2

f(2) +

{) -

{~) = 1

2f(1) = 4

... (1)

1t

x cos-

f(~J ~
put x =

21 ~ 2f(1)
2 + 2If (2) -

2f{l) = 2 +

1
1
2f ( - 1 +-f(2)
=
222

"2I

...(2)

...(3)

I f(2) =:1 I

then (i) f(2) =

f(~) = 1

(ii) f(2) + fCl) = 0 Ans

29.. Let {x} & [xl denote the fractional and integral part of a real number x respectively.
Sol.

Solve 4{x} = x + [x]

': {x} = x - [x]
4(x-[x])=x+[x]
4(x) - 4 [x] = x + [x]
3x = 5 [x]

[x] =

3x

x = -[x]
3

0
x- {
5/3

30.

0.:::; x <1

1:s; x <2

Ans

The set of real values of 'x' satisfying the equality

greatest integer function) belongs to the interval
lowest form. Find the value of a + b + c + abc.

[Sol. Case-I : If x < 0 then

Case-Il : If x> 0
we have

[~]

(a, b/c]

[~J = 5

where a,

b,

(where [ J denotes the

c

Nand

[~J and [~] is- ve hence [~]+ [~] can rieve~ be equal to 5

3
4
- <
x
x

b/c

is in its

Since each of

[~] and [~] is an integer

..

3 possibilities are there

(1)

[~J =0

and

[~] =5

(2)

[~J = I

and

[~] =4

(3)

[~J =2

and

[~J =3

now,

If

O~

[~] =0

[~J = 5

3
- <1
x

As

[~]+ [~] = 5

0~3<x

4
1
x
1
- <6
-<-<- ~
~
4 - 5
x
6
these two equations are not possible. Hence no solutions in these cases.
and

5~

3
1 ~ - <2
x

4~

2
4
- <x<
3
- 5

)"1

now,

If

[~J = 1

'[~]=4

and

not possible simultaneously

again If

[~] =2

and

[~] = 3

1
x
- < - <1
23-

4
- <5
~
x
no solution

1
x
1
-<-<4
4
5

2~

3
- <3
x

1
x
1
-<-<3 - 2
3

3~

4
- <4
x

1
x
1
-<-<4 - 3
4

..

4
common solution 1 <x<
- 3
Hence x

x>3

..

(1,

jJ

a = 1, b = 4, c = 3;

"2 <x s s
4

5"

~
~

<x s 1

l'
~

>

l'

..,

"'

1 <x<- 2

4
1 <x<
- 3

+b +c +abc = 1 +4 +3 +12 = 20 Ans. ]

,I

!
!~

..

(1)
lll)

+(K-)

z:

~ U.~- }U:l - "

. -- ~~"-'- ,}c l~ ~__ __?/__~

Il{l

.J.,

..... ller-

Iu 1"~ --' J l\Cl + llt l . . ~ ~ D

CJ ul~ 0 lr/(! 1-1)

J Kl
k

~ ~

ytJ

I uJ

y ~

r-

(-0'1',

-:1

LJ

~,

""')

tt!~

I(

.,
l!l}

(Jt-0 (JL+-\)

=-1
(

,
'T~1

;n+

~I

.-I.! E'd:J '0

t- C~ 1) e,)

7' 0

I
0

7 0

-L

f'

(1,.1) tJ

Lc:( , 0,0)

C~

l\~

1- ('LA.)

,/ + ~ \(

::::

'.

+- 3

t-

O= <:.+- :1('\-3
K

..t 4- ~4--- .3

::::
1)..

.+-

IL

l ~-V)

+ 3 z:

D 7". o

t-(~-) ~

\L;). -~
\.l Jl..+

~~

.3

u.~~
\A'" +-

ReZ~ + ~ 'j

"=-

-R.2(~'-0

\.l -<-~

+ 3f+-~

u, ~ ~

- ( 3 ~ +-.2.-)
~

- (~O~..2)

,-1

//

-+

~ ~1

:~.-\- ~
~ -1

.s: 0

--Z

[
-<>{
'/
_J

.\

...
-'

~ll() 1

z:

~ ~Ol.~

rfl~-;J ~I) -:-=5-~~

M.t~. \J~

vo1uQ

P-.:::. .:/_

bo~~

JNI'\. --

~ I't\a.x,

fa r

o.~ \L

~~),1,

1L:::..1
~

z:

L.

tl

,,
l

~ \.t-}-_'- + - - - - t - - ; ;I; -

+U0J~:: 3
;t<;, ~

L""-) ::- lit I

K?O

- [!) :::

J.(

et:::... IL

LL.LO

-JL8)=

\,C

( ~~ c~ )l

It --=- t.L

(~ (~)

~~

R'"?O

[,Q..

( 1) . ( ,)

Ie

tL7

Lt -::. C:J
C)

::::0

Lz L-O

k'

,
0==0

IA'

( -l) . ( - 1) =- ,
If -

(-1) .z:
II

\(

j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j

+- +(-~

.-f(y)

4- (~)
~~

(~)

r;

tt
...

4-+(~)
tL~)

i1

----

t:..O

od d

IS.

l-f'+l) .
~R_ J

~----

I
IZ

~ (~)
\,tQ", ~

~~ QlJ~

, .,

_
---

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EXERCISE 3
SUBJECTIVE

1.

Prove that any function f : R ~ R is the sum of an even function and odd function. Further, the even
and odd functions, which together make the given function are unique.

2.

(a)

Find the (fundamental) periods of :

J I cos x I

i) f(x) ==

ii) f(x) == sin" x + cos"

(b) Show that f(x) == sin .[; , x ~ 0, is not periodic.

3.

f: [2"' (0) ~ [4"' (0) is the function given by f(x) ==

x2 - x

+1

Show that f is bijective. Find f -1. Hence solve for real x , x2 -

+ 1 ==

~ + ~x - %

4.

A function f is called strictly increasing if a < b => f(a) < f(b), for all a, b.

Find the number of strictly increasing functions f: {L, 2, 3} ~ {L, 2, ... ,5}

5.

f: R - {O, 1}
f(x)

Sol

+f

R is a function satisfying the functional equation

-lJ =

X
( -x-

1 + x , for all x. Find an explicit formula for f(x).

X- I ) =1+x
I(x)+ I ( ~

...(1)

1[(~)-IJ==I+(X-l)

I(X-l)+
x
. (X:l)
i.e

I(~)+
x 1(_1
I-x )=2-!x
.

puttin

[puttin x ~ x- in (1)]
I

...(2)

1.
m(1)

x~-

1(_1
I-x

I-x

)+ I(X)=I+_1
I-x

1(_1_)=1+_1__ I(x)

I-x
I-x

puttin

Ie ~ x)

in (2)

I
1

X- I) +I+--/(x)==2-
1 ( -
I-x
x
x

puttin

x-I
1
I(x)+-+-+ l(x)=I+x
x

x-I

X- I ) in(l)
I (~

:. 2f(x)=(I+x)- (x-I) __I_

x
(x-I)

_ x(x+I)(x-I)-(x-l)2 -x _ x3 -x-[x2-2x+
x(x-I)
x(x-I)
2f(x)=

IJ-x

x 3 -x 2 - I

x x-I

x 3 -x 2 - I

:.f(x)= 2x(x-I )
6.

f: R -) R is a function satisfying the functional equation

99

f(x)

+ f(x + 2) = J3 f (x + 1), for all x. If f(5) = 3, evaluate

(5 + 12r).

r=O

7.

r'

f : R -) R is a function satisfying the functional equation

+ p) =1 + (2 - 3 f(x) + 3
Prove that f is periodic.

f(x

8.

(f(X2 - (f(x3)3 ,for all x and for some constant p > O.

Find the domains of the following real valued functions, f , given by

i)

f(x) = loglo (.Jx - 4 +.J6 -

ii)

f(x) = slrr' (

-:

x)

[Xl), where [ 1is the greatest integer function.

iii) f(x) = ~2{x}2 - 3{x} + 1, where { } is the fractional part.

9.

Find the ranges of the functions (real valued) , f, given below. Assume that they have
appropriate domains.
i)

x+2

f(x) = 2x 2 +3x +6

ii)

f(x) =

.J [sin x] + [cos xl , where [xl is the integral part of x.

In what follows, R is the set of all the real numbers.

10. A is
i)
ii)
iii)

a set of precisely n elements and B is a set of precisely m elements.

How many functions are there from A to B?
If n $; m, how many of the functions from A to B are one-to-one?
If m = 2 and n ~ 2, how many of the functions from A to B are into?

3
11. Show that the function f : R - { "2 }-) R, given by f(x)

x + 1 ,is one-to-one.
2x-3

Find the range of f.

12. f: R -) R is a function satisfying

(i) f ( x + y ) = f (x y), for all x,y and

(ii)

f ( - 2") = -

2"' Find f ( 2003 )

13. The polynomial P( x) = Xl

divided by P (x ).

Sol

+ x3 + Xl- + x + 1. Find

the remainder when P(x5) is

p(x)=x4+x3+x2+x+l
clearly tha roots ofP(x) are fifth roots of unity.

Letthe roots be
5

Now, P ( x
p (x

a.a' ,a\a

when divided by

(where

a =1 )

(x- a)

gives P( a 5 ) as the remainder. but since

a 5 =1

gives P (1) == 5 as the remainder when divided by x - a .

Similarly

p(x5 )

gives 5 as the remainder when divided by

(x-a 2 ) , ( x - a 3 ) , ( x _ a 5 ) as

p(a10).p(a15).
P (a

20
)

are all 5

:. p(x5 ) -5

is divided by

(x-a), (x-a 2 )

(x-a 3 ) , ( x-a 4 ) .

:. p(x )- S= g(x){(x-a)(x-a
5

2)(x-a 3)(x_a 4

) }

or the remainder when P ( x 5 ) is divided by

p(x)

is 5.

14. Let f: S ~ S where S = {4, 5, 6, 7, ... }.

f satisfies the functional equation

f(x + y) = f(x y) for all x , y.

Show that f(8) = f(9).

Sol

f:s~s

s = {4, 5,6,7,....}

f(x+ Y)= f(xy) Vx,y

(
c

f(6)=f(2+4)=f(2x4)=f(8) }

f( 6) = f(3+3) = f(3x3) = f(9)

.: f(x+Y)=f(xy)

15. Find the range of the following-real valued-functions defined on appropriate domains:
i) f(x) = Ix-ll+ Ix-21 ,-l:O;x:o;3

ii) f(x) = [og3(5+ 4x - x 2 )

sin x
cos x
iii) f(x) =
- ---,====

2
.
~l + tan x
Jl + cot 2 x

16. A function f , defined on N x N, satisfies

i)
f(m, m) = m
ii) f(m, n) = f(n, m)

iii) f(m, m

+n) (1+ :) f(m, n)

=

Evaluate f(14, 52).

Sol

f(m,m)=m
f(m,n) = f(n,m)
f(m,m+n)=(I+:) f(m,n)
f(14,52)=(1+
=

~~) f(14,38)

(I + 179)(I +~:) 1 (14, 24)

26 x]iX(1
19 12

+~) 1(1410)
10

'

26 12
1(10,14)
12

=-x

256

[.:I(m,n) = I(n,m)]

I:) /(10,4)

X(I+

26 7
= x- x f
2

I)

(4,10)

4) 1(4,6)
91 x ( 1+"6
=5
91 x ( 1+"2
4) 1(4,2)
=3

=91 xf(2,4)
= 91x ( 1+

%) 1 (2,2)
[0: I(m,m)=m ]

=91x2x2
=364.

17. Let k be an odd integer. A function f is defined as

f(n) = n

+3

nodd

neven

2
If f(f(f(k) ) )

Sol

= 27, find the

sum of the digits of k.

k =2p+l,pE Z

f(k)=/(2p+I)=(2p+l)+3

[:(2p+l)

is odd]

=2p+4

f(/(k))= 1(2p+4)
_2p+4
2

=p+2

[o:(2p+4) is even]

now

f(f(f(k))) = 27
=>

(p + 2)

f(p+2)=27

it self could be even or odd

case (i) is even or ( p is even)

P +2
f(p+2)=-=27
2

:. p=52

case (ii) If (p+ 2) is odd

[i.e p is odd]

f(p+2)= (p+2)+3 = p+5

= even number

[.: p is odd]

:. f(p+ 2) can never be 27 (odd number) for

podd

k=2p+l
=2x52+1

Ik =105\
18. f: R -+ R satisfies the functional equation f(x) +f(x + 4) = f(x + 2) + f(x + 6) for all x.
99

Show that f is periodic. If f(O)= 5, evaluate

f(8n)

n~O

19. There are exactly two distinct, linear, functions with the domain [ - 1 , 1] and the range
[0,3 ]. Denote them by f and g . Solve the equation f (x) = g ( x )
20. A function f is non-negative and defined on an appropriate subset of R. If
x 2 f ( x) + f ( 1- x) = 2x - Xl, for all x on the domain, find the largest interval of
values of x .

21

Function f & g are defined by f(x)

= sin

x, xER; g(x)

tan x , xER -

(K+~)1t

where K E I .

Find (i) periods of fog & go.

(ii) range of the function fog & gof .

22

Find the domain & range of the following functions.

(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)

2x

(i) y = logE (.J2(SinX-CoSx)+3)

(ii) y

x
(iv) f (x) = 1+lxl

(v) y =J2-x +Jl+x

--2

l+x

(vi) f (x) = log(cosec x-i) (2 - [sin x] - [sin xf)

(vii)
[Sol.

(x)

~- -Ji+4 - 3

x-5
The domain of f is
D = {x I x + 4 :2> 0 and x - 5 ;t: O}
= {x I x :2> - 4 and x ;t: 5}
The range of f is
R = {y: y = f(x) and x in D}

0. 0) f()
x -3x+2
(III
x =
2
x +x-6

= {f (x)

: x 2 - 4 and x:;t S}

.J;:+4-3

Because

f(x) =

x-S

~-3 ~+3
x+4-9
= x-S ".Jx+4+3 = (x-S)(.Jx+4+3)

x-S
== (x-S)(.Jx+4+3)

= .Jx+4+3 for x2-4, x e S

f(x)!max =="3 wherex==-4

1
f(x)1 . = O and f(S) ==
mm'
6

Hence range is (0,

11- {~}

(C) ]

23
(a)

Draw graphs of the following function, where [ 1 denotes the greatest integer function.
(i)
f (x) = x + [xl
(ii)
y == (x)[xl where x == [xl + (x) & x > 0 & x s 3
(iii) y == sgn [x]
(iv)
sgn (x -I x I)

(b)

Identify the pair(s)"of functions which are identical?

(where [x] denotes greatest integer and {x} denotes fractional part function)

(i) f (x) = sgn (x2 - 3x + 4) and 9 (x) = e[{xl]

J}

' - COS 2 X

2 and 9 (x) = tan x

1+cos x
(iii) f (x) == In{l + x) + In{l - x) and 9 (x) = In{l - x2 )

cos x
1+sinx

(iv) f (x) == 1 "

and 9 (x) =
-sm x
cos x
(ii) f (x) ==

24

Classify the following functions f(x) defined in R

+ 4x + 30
x 2 _ 8x + 18
(e) f(x) = (x 2 + x + 5) (x 2
(a) f (x)

25

(
[Sol.

R as injective, surjective, both or none "

(b) f(xl = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 11x - 6

Xl

+ x-3)

Suppose f (x) = sin x and g (x) = 1 functions.

(a) fog
(b) gof

J;. "Then
(c) fof

(A)

f[g(x)] = f(1 - .,J;.) =sin(1 - .J;. )

domain is x2.0; range [-1,1]

(B)

g[f(x)] = 1- ~f(x) = 1 - .Jsin x

(C)

domain 2k1t s x S 2k1t + n; range [0, 1]

(fof)(x)= f[f(x)] = f(sin x) = sin(sin x)

Domain x E R; range [- sin 1, sin 1]

(0)

(gog)(x) = g [g (x)] = 1 - ~g(x) = 1 - )1- J;.

find the domain and range of the following

(d) gog

domain is 0 s x s 1; range is [0, 1]

hence (B) and (D) have the same range]

= sin-x + sin 2 ( x +~ )+cosxco{ X +~) and g( %) =1, then find

26

If f(x)

Sol.

Given that

(gof) (x).

I-X) =X
f (l+x

...(1)

(a) prove that f(f(x)) = x

I-x

Let f(x)=-=y
I+x

...(2) puttingin(1)

we get If(y) = xl

...(3)

or

If[f(x)] = xl proved.

(b) letf(x) =

I-x

-1+x

...(1)

1
I-x
then f ( ~ ) ::: __
+.!

X
x

,.,.I

\.

(1)

x-I
or f - :::-x-i-I

x
or

...(2)

fr~
):::-U~)=-f(X)
"x
I --x

I-x

+x

(c) Q f(x) = -1-

proved.

(1)

I-(-x-2) I+x+2 3+x

f(-x-2)=I+(_x_2) = I-x-2::: -I-x

...(2)

we have to prove that f(-x- 2) =-f(x)-2

or- (3+X)= x-I-2-2x

1+ x
1 +x

3+x 3+x
or--=-
I+x I+x
27

proved.

A function f: R ---+ R is such that

f(I-X)
=
I+x

x for all x

=F- -

1.

Prove the following.

f(J(x)) = x
f(Ijx) = - f

(a)

(b)
(x}, x =F- 0

(c)f(-x-2) = -f(x}-2.

[Sol.

)=x
(I-X
x

f -

1+

I-x
I-t
(let - - ::: t => t + tx ::: 1 - x => x(1 + t) = 1- t => x = - )
I-t x
l+t

I-t

f(t) = -1

+t
..

I-x
f(x) = -1+x

..(1)

I-x
I-f(x)
I-I+x
1(J(x)) = l t f'(x) = I-x
1+

l+x-l+x

2x

= I+x+I-x = 2

l-r x

1(J(x))=x =>

(A) is correct

againfrom (1)
I-{l/x)

1)

I ( -;

= 1+ (l/ x] =

I(~) ={
\

G::)

x-I
x +1

=-f(x) =>

(C) is correct

Also

I+(x+2)
(X+3) ,-'
f(-x-2)= 1-(x+2) =- x+I " ....(2)

and

-f(x)-2=-

G::

+2) =-

from (2) and (3)

f(-x-2)=-f(x)-2 =>
hence A, C, D are correct
]

C-

x 2 2X
I: X+ ) =-

(::n . .

(3)

(D) is correct

28
x

(a)

Find the formula for the function fogoh, given f (x) = - 1 ; g (x) = x10 and h (x) = x + 3. Find
x+

also the domain of this function. Also compute (fogoh)(-l).

Sol.

f(x)=

x r l

g(x)= x IO

h(x)=x + 3

f(g(h(x))) = g(h(x))
g(h(x))+ 1

(h(X))'O

(h(X))1O + 1

= ----'---'--7::--

(x+3yo

(x+3Yo+I

=> (fogoh)(x) =

(x-t J)'"

10

(x +3) + 1

:. f(g(h(-I)))= (-1+3)10

(-1+3yo+l

(b)

Sol.

1024
1024 + 1

1024
1025

Given F (x) == cos-Ix + 9). Find the function i, g, h such that F == fogoh.
F(x) = cos 2(x + 9)
:. F(x) = fogoh
Since, there will be infinitalymany solution exist for F(x) =(fogoh)(x).
f(x)=cos 2x

g(x) = x

I
I

h(x)=x + 9

29

I/x)

If f (x) = max (x,

for x > 0 where max (a, b) denotes the greater of the two real numbers a

and b. Define the function g(x) = f (x) . f{1/x} and plot its graph.

Sol.

f(x)=man {x, l/x} forx>O

X.x

g(x)= f(x). f(lIx) =

!.!

~I

x <1

x x

the functions which is max. for x will be min for IIx.

I-x if

30

31

f (x) == [

x2

- x

x~O

and g (x) = [

if xc-O

1- x if x ~ 1

find (fog)(x) and (gof)(x)

Find whether the following functions are even or odd or none

( C---;)

x(a x +1)

(a) f(x) = log x + \/1 + x

(e) f(x) = sin x

+ cos

(b) f(x) = -----.:..---'

aX -1
(d) f(x) = x sin2x - x3

(e) f(x)= sin x-cos x

(I) f(x) =

(g) f(x) = - - + - + 1
eX -1
2

if x l

(h) f(x)

i og lQ X +8

(1+22X
x

= [(x+l)2]l/3 +

[(x-l)2]1/3

32

Find the inverse of f (x) =

33

Find out for what integral values of n the number 31t is a period of the function:
f(x) = cos nx . sin (5/n) x.

34

Let f be a one-one function with domain {x.y,z} and range {1,2,3}. It is given that exactly
one of the following statements is true and the remaining two are false.
f(x) = 1 ; f(Y)::f- 1; f(z)::f- 2.
Determine f-I(l)
Domain == {x, y, z}, range == {I, 2,3}

Sol.

case 1- 1st is true i.e.

f(x) = 1, f(y) = 1, f(z)=2

not one -one function

and hence solve the equation f (x) == f-l(x).

Case 11- 2 nd is true i.e.

f(x) -:f:. I; f(y) -:f:. I; f(z) = 2

not one-one function

Case 111- 3rd is true i.e.
f(x)-:f:.I, f(y)

= I, f(z)-:f:.2

one-one function
f-\I)=y

35
Sol.

ADS

f'
Let x = log49 + log928
show that [x] = 3, where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
X

9
1og928
= Iog4+

1
log; + _log~8
2

10g~J2 < log; < log~

1.5 < log; < 2

log~J3 < 10gfS < logf&!

1.5 < logfS < 2
3<x<4
then [x] = 3 ADS

36
(a)

[Sol.

A function / is defined for all positive integers and satisfies /( 1) = 2005 and
/(1)+ /(2)+ ... + /(n) = n 2/(n), for all n > 1. Find the value of /(2004).
4j(2) =j{I) +j{2)

j{2) = fO) = f(l)

3
1+2
9j{3) =j{1) + j{2) + j{3)
8j{3) = 4f(1)
3

j{3)

= fill = f(l)
6

1+2+3

& so on

fO)
:. j(2004) = 1+2+3+ ...+2004

(b)

(2005)x2
I
2005x2004 1002

If a, b are positive real numbers such that a - b

= 2,

then find the smallest value of the constant

L for which -Jx 2+ax--Jx 2+bx < Lforallx >

o.

(a-b)
f(x)= ""1 + (a/x) +""1+ (b/x)
a-b

f(x)max = -2-

(onrationalising)

(x- 00)

L= 1 Ans.]
(c)

Let f (x) == x + kx ; k is a real number. The set of values of k for which the equation
f (x] == 0 and 1(J(x)) == 0 have same real solution set.

[Sol.

IV(x)) = f{x2 + kx) = (x2 + kx)(k + x2 + kx)

1(J(x)) = f(x) [k + I(x)) == 0
for f(x) and 1(J(x)) to have same solution set

k + f(x) == 0 should have no solution

2+kx+k=0

x
....(1)

D < 0 (for no solution)

k2 - 4k < 0
k(k-4)<0
k E (0,4)

Also for k== 0 both f(x)=O and

..
k E [0,4)
]
(d)

[Sol.

(e)

If f (2x + 1) = 4x + 14x, then find the sum of the roots of the equation
Let,
2x + 1 = t
now, 4x 2 + 14x = (2x + 1)Z + 10 x-I
= (2x + I? + 5(2x + 1) - 6

f(t) ==t2 + 5t-6

f(x)=x 2+5x-6=0 :::::>

x = 1 or - 6 ]

Let a and b be real numbers and let f (x) == a sin x + b

If

Sol.

1(J(x))'=O has same solution set

-v;:

+ 4, V

f (loglO(log3 1O )) == 5 then find the value of f (loglo(loglo 3)).

f(x)==asinx+b~ +4
f(lOgJO

(_1)J 5
10g3 1O

Now

== f (-loglo(log3 10))

=- [asin x + b l/3] +4

X E

f (x) = O.

R.

=-

1 + 4 = 3 Ans

37

So!.

If f (0) = 4andg(5) = 17, computef (2006).

f(g(x)) and f(g(x)) are identity function when f(x) and g(x) are inverse to each other

(x) and g (x) are linearfunction such thatfor all x, f(g(x)) and g(j(x)) are Identity functions.

f(x) = ax + b (let linear function)

f-I(x) = y

g(x) = f-I(x)

f(y)=x

g(x)=

ay+ b= x

g(5)=a

x-b
a

5-4

x-b

&

f(x)

= ax + b

f(O) = 6

y=-
a

17=l-=>!a=1\
a
17

then f(2006) = a.(2006) + b

Ie

= -(2006)+4

"

17

= 122 Ans
~

e-,J!ln{Xli _ {x} ~lln{xli where ever it exists

38

Prove that the function defined as , f(x) =

{x}

otherwise, then

f(x) is odd as well as even. (where {x} denotes the fractional part function)

Sol.

we have to prove that function is odd as well even it is possible only when ftx) = 0 then

Case I=>( when exist)

(
f(x) = e.JIen{Xjj _

eln{Xl~

case II => {other wise E}

f(x) = {x}

39

0 (It is equal to zero for integer)

A function f,defined for all x.y s Rts such that f(1)=2;f(2)=8 & f(x+y)-kxy=f(x)+2 y2
where k is some constant. Find f (x) & show that : f (x + y) f (_I_J = k for x + y
X+Y

Sol.

f(x + y) - kxy

= f(x) + 2y 2

... (1)

* O.

f(l) = 2
f(2) = 8
y=-x
f(O)+ kx 2 = f(x) + 2x2

...(2)

f(x) = (k - 2) x2 +f{0)
= f(l) = (k - 2) + f(O)
k-2 + f(O) = 2

k + f(O) = 4

...(3)

f(2) = (k - 2).4 + f(O)

4k+f(0)= 16
3k= 12

k= 4

f(O) = 0

put in (2) f{x) = 2x 2 then f(x + y) f (_1_) = k ADS

lx+y

40

1.1

Let f: R --+ R - {3} be a function with the property that there exist T > 0 such that

f(x)-5

f
[Sol.

(x + T) = f(x) _ 3

f(x)-5
f(x+T)=f(x)_3

for every x

R. Prove that f (x) is periodi~.

....(1)

replace x --+ x + T
f(x+ T)-5
f(x+2T)= f(x+T)-3
f(x)-5 -5
f(x+2T)= f(x)-3
f(x)-S -3
f(x)-3

..

f(x)-5-Sf(x)+15
f(x+2T)= f(x)-S-3f(x)+9

10- 4f(x)

5-2f(x)

4-2f(x)

2-f(x)

2f(x)-S
f(x+2T)= f(x)-2

again replace

+
f(x

x ~ x + 2T

_ 2f(x+2T)-5 _
4T)- f(x+2T)-2

2(2f(X) - 5
5
f(x)-2
2f(x)-S
-----''---'--- 2
f(x)-2

4f(x)-1O-Sf(x)+ 10
-f(x)
2f(x)-5-2f(x)+4 = ~ =f(x)

Hencef(x) is periodic ]
41

Sol.

If

f(x)=-1 + IX-21, 0:S;x:s;4

g (x) = 2
x
I :s; x:s; 3
Then find fog (x)
& gof (x) . Draw rough sketch of the graphs of fog (x) & gof (x).

I I, -

- I - (X- 2);
0::;; x <2
f(x)= { -1+(x-2);
2:S;x:s;4

os x < 2

1- x;
{
fix)> x-3;

2:s:x:s:4

2 + x;
g(x)= { 2-x;

-1:S: x < 0
O:S:x:s:3

(i) fog (x) = f(g(x))

={I- g(X);

O:S:g(x)<2

g( x) - 3;

2 :s: g( x) :s: 4

let g(x) = y
= {1 - y;
y-3;

0 :s: y < 2
2:s:y:s:4

.,

-1

= {1- (2 + x); -t s x < 0

1- (2 - x); 0 < y s 2

-1 ------...----..----

- ( x + 1); -t s x < 0
f(g(x))= { x-I;
O:S:x<2 Ans

(ii)(gof) (x) = g(fx)

= {2+f(X);

-1 :s:f(x):s:O

2-f(x);

O:s: f(x):s: 3

letf{x)=y
=

{2 + y;
2- y;

-t s y s

os

y:s: 3

2+(l-x)

l:S:x<2

2+(x-3)

2:S:x<3

2-(l-x)

Os x <1

2-(x-3)

3<x:s:4

3-x

1:S:x<2

x-I

1+x

2:S:x<3
O:s: x <1 ADS

5-x

3<x:s:4

i
,
,

/'

42
[Sol.

Let f (x) = x 135 + x 125 - x 115 + x 5 + 1. If f (x) is divided by x 3 - x then the remainder is some
function of x say g (x). Find the value of g (10).
f(x) = Qlx + 1
(div. of f(x) byx with quotient say Q, and remainder I)
f (x) = Q2(x- I) + 3 (div. of f(x) by x-I with quotient say Q2 and remainder 3)
f 0 = Qix + 1) - 1
(div. of f(x) by x + 1 with quotient say Q3 and remainder - I)
let

f(x)=Qx(x 2-1)+ ~
g(x)

f (0) = 0 + c = 1
=>
c=1
f(I)=0+a+b+c=3
=>
a+b=2
f(-I)=O+a-b+c=-l
=>
a-b=-2
hence a=O and
b=2
g (x) = 2x + 1 =>
g(10) = 21 Ans.]

43
Sol.

A is a point on the circumference of a circle. Chords AS and AC divide the area of the circle
into three equal parts. If the angle SAC is the root of the equation, f (x) = 0 then find f (x).
LetLBAC=x

:. LBOC=2x

Let the radius ofcircle

,r'

Since, chords BA & Ac divide tye area of

the circle into three equal parts

1
:. Area ofare BACE = -(nr2)
3

InAOB,
AO=OB=r

00
sinxl2=
OA

=> 00 = OA sinxl2
= r sinxl2

AD
cosx/2=
OA
~

AD = OA. cos xl2

:. AD=rcosx/2
AB=2AD
= 25 cosx/2
are(~ABO)

"2

= -

x base x hight

xAB x OD

I
== - x 2r cosx/2 x r sin x/2
2

==

"2 r2 (2sinx/2 cosx/2)

2

r sin x

2
r 2 sin x
By symmetric are (MOB) = are(MOC) = -
2

are (arc BOCE) =

"2 (2xr2 )

,/

:. arc (arc BACE) = arc(~AOC) + arc(~BOC) + arc(arc BOCE)

1

::::::> -1tr2 ==

2xr 2

r 2 sin x

--+

r 2 sin x

+-
2

::::::> sinx = x-1t/3 = 0

1t

:. f(x)=sinx+x-"3

44

[Sol.

Let f (x) = (x + l)(x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 4) + 5 where x

[a, b] where a, bEN then find the value of (a + b).
f(x) =(x2 + 5x +4)(x2+ 5x + 6) + 5
== [(Xl + 5x + 5) - 1] [(x2 + 5x + 5) + 1] + 5
= (x 2 + 5x + 5f -1 + 5
f(x) = (x 2 + 5x + 5f+4
Hence f(x) has a minimum value 4 when x2+ 5x + 5 ==0

i.e,

x=

-5.J5

; Hence x =

-(5+.J5)

[-6,6]. If the range of the function is

[-6,6]

also maximum occurs at x = 6

f(x) Imax = (36 + 30 + 5)l +4 = (71)2 +4 = 5041 +4 = 5045
range is [4,5045]
..
a = 4; b = 5045
~
a + b = 5049 Ans. ]
45

Find a formula for a function g (x) satisfying the following conditions

(a)
domain of 9 is (- 00, (0)
(b)
range of g is [-2,8)
(c)
g has a period 1t and
(d)
g (2) = 3

[Sol.

Requirementof(a) and (c) are conclusive that the function istrigonometric like sine or cosine
Sincesinx hasadoman (-co, co) and a period 2n, hence sin2x would meet our requirement ofperiod.

Our function sin2x has an interval of length 2, from [-1, 1], for its range. Hence 5 sin2x has
range [-5, 5] i.e. an intervaloflength 10 whichis the same as that ofthe requiredrange. Tohave the range[
2, 8] ofour function,we must move 3 units on the positiveside.
Hence g (x) = 3 + 5 sin2x satisfiesthe requirement in (a), butthat is the same as
g (x) = 3 + 5 sin(2x + C), where C is a constant, no matter what the value ofC is.
g(2)=3
~
3+5sin(4+C)=3
4 + C = nn
~
C = nn - 4
Hence g (x) = 3 + 5 sin(nn + 2x -4) Ans.

Now
~

\,

sin(4+C)=O

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