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)
Seebeck-Peltier effect
Applied Digital Solutions Thermo Life (10 A at 3 V
with only 5 degrees Celsius of temperature
difference ).
Store extra energy produced during periods of
higher T so they can continue to run during
warmer, less efficient ambient temperatures.
p ( )
TEGs Have Variable Polarity
Output polarity of TEG is dependent
on the direction of the temperature p
gradient
Capability to work with positive and
negative input voltages
Rectifier structure:
Polarity switch controlled by a
comparator
diodes are only active during start-up diodes are only active during start-up
where still no supply voltage for
the comparator is present
prototype: Start-up 150mV, drop 40 mV,
later on5 mV
[Fraunhofer]
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Other issues with TEGs
Vout < 1V when T is low Boost DC/DC
R
out
with T MPTT is needed
out
Solutions similar to PV (indoor) harvester
Thermoelectric example
Seiko Thermic wristwatch, convert heat from the wrist
(body heat) into electricity.
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Commercial harvesters
PV: quite mature, with many products
Flexible PV materials are interesting e.g. g g
www.powerfilmsolar.com
Solution provides
www.enocean.com (Piezo, kinetic, solar)
www.kinetron.com (EM kinetic)
www.micropelt.com (thermal)
www.powercast.com (RF transmission)
www.microstrain.com (Piezo)
and many others EH forum
www.energyharvesting.net
Enhanced Power Unit Architecture
Energy
Transducers 2
Kinetic Energy,
Photovoltaic
Fuel Cell
Power Unit
Monitor
Measures
Energy
Transducers 1
Kinetic Energy,
Photovoltaic
Conversion Electronics
Take raw electrical signal from
transducer and convert it to a usable
DC voltage
Energy Storage and Delivery
Receives energy from conversion
electronics and stores it (SuperCap,
batteries, etc. ) Regulates the output
voltage and current.
Fuel Cell
Power
Supply
Measures
energy and
battery charging
status,
elaborates
energy
predictions and
provides
information to the
powered system
Energy Delivery
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Wearable sensing and elaboration platform
47
Power Supply
research branches for next 10 years
Matching
circuit
Power
electronics
Design
optimization
Mechanical
fabrication
HW/SW
co-design
Batteries Energy Scavenging Fuel Cells Etc.
Motion Solar RF
. . .
. . .
Application areas over next 10 years:
smart homes, fatigue monitoring, ubiquitous data access for people, building env. control,
emergency response in commercial buildings, manufacturing monitoring and control, inventory tracking, etc.
Power Supplies
Summary
Energy harvesting systems are promising for many
autonomous and distributed applications
Energy Harvesting and permanent power storage Energy Harvesting and permanent power storage
devices are self-power enablers
All system components need to be Energy Aware
Excellent HW design is the a key factor
but also developing effective power management
l ith l f d t l l algorithms plays a fundamental role.
Distributed energy awareness is the frontier
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Th k Y Thank You.