Chapter One:

1. Cell- fundamental until of all living things

2. Cell Surface Membrane- thin layer surrounding the cells
3. Cell Wall- rigid wall; in plants; contains fibers of cellulose; gives cell definite shape
4. Centriole-involved in nuclear division
5. Chlorophyll- gives green color
6. Chloroplasts- organelles that help carry out photosynthesis
7. Chromatin- staining material in the nucleus
8. Cytoplasm- aqueous material, varying from a fluid to a jelly-like consistency
9. DNA- molecule which contains the instructions that control the activities of the cell
10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
11. Eukaryotic cell- nucleus; membrane bound organelles; more complex that a prokaryotic cell
12. Golgi Apparatus- is part of a complex internal sorting and distribution system within the cell
13. Grana- small grains in chloroplast
14. Lysosomes- spheric sacs, surrounded by a single membrane and having no internal structure
15. Magnification- number of times larger an image is, compared with the real size of the object
16. Mesophyll- tissue made up of many similar cells, with all the same function
17. Microtubules- tiny tubes made of a protein called Tubulin
18. Mitochondria- specialized to carry out aerobic respiration
19. Nuclear Envelope- surrounding membranes for the nucleus
20. Nuclear pores- small pores in the nuclear envelope
21. Nucleolus- made up of loops of DNA from several chromosomes
22. Nucleus- large structure that stains intensely; controls the cell
23. Organ- collection of tissues
24. Organelles- organized/specialized structures in the cell
25. Palisade Mesophyll- contains chloroplast; found within the mesophyll in leaves of plants
26. Phloem- tissue in plants that sends sugars and other metabolic products down from the leaves
27. Plasmodesmata- fine strands of cytoplasm
28. Prokaryotic cell- no nucleus; simplest cell
29. Protist- unicellular eukaryotes
30. Resolution- the ability to distinguish between two separate points
31. Ribosomes- visible black dots on the rough er; site of protein synthesis
32. Sieve Tube- tubes that are contained in phloem made from living cells
33. Spongy Mesophyll- found in plant leaves; irregularly shaped and have large intracellular spaces
34. Stomata- pores which allow exchange of gasses with the atmosphere
35. System- collection of organs with a particular function
36. Thylakoids- stacks of membrane-bound sacs
37. Tissue- collection of cells
38. Tonoplast- the surrounding membrane of the vacuole
39. Vacuole- contains water
40. Vascular system-vessels and tissues that carry blood and other fluids
41. Xylem- tissue in plants sends water and other nutrients up from the root