MANAGEMENT Management is the process of coordinating the resources of an

organization to achieve the primary goals of the organization.Another interesting way to look
at management is in terms of the functions that managers perform. These functions have been
identified as goal setting and planning, organizing, leading and motivating employees, and
controlling ongoing activities.
Goal Setting and PlanningManagement must set goals for the organization. Then the
mangers must develop plans by which to achieve those goals.
Goal Setting A goal is an end state that the organization is expected to achieve. Goal setting,
then, is the process of developing a set of goals..
The most fundamental type of goal is the organization's purpose, which is the reason for
the organization's existence. The organization's mission is the means by which it is to fulfill its
purpose. Finally, an objective is a specific statement detailing what the organization intends to
accomplish as it goes about its mission.
PlanningOnce goals have been set for the organization, managers must develop plans for
achieving them. A plan is an outline of the actions by which the organization intends to
accomplish its goals. The processes involved in developing plans are referred as planning. Just
as it has several goals, the organization should develop several types of plans.
An organization's strategy is its broadest set of plans and is developed as a guide for
major policy setting and decision making.Most organizations also employ several narrower kinds
of plans. A tactical plan is a smaller-scale (and usually shorter-range) plan developed to
implement a strategy. Tactical plans may need to be updated periodically as conditions and
experience dictate.
Organizing the Enterprise Organizing is the grouping of resources and activities to
accomplish some end result in an efficient and effective manner.
Leading and Motivating The leading and motivating functions are concerned with the
human resources within the organization
Controlling Ongoing Activities Controlling is the process of evaluating and regulating
ongoing activities to ensure that goals are achieved.

LEVELS AND AREAS OF MANAGEMENT
Managers work in a place we call an organization but not everyone in an organization is a
manager.Managers can be classified along two dimensions: level within the organization and
area of management.
Top Managers A top manager is an upper-level executive who guides and controls
the overall fortunes of the organization.
Middle Managers A middle manager is a manager who implements the strategy
and major policies handed down from the top level of the organization.
Lower-Level Managers A lower-level manager is a manager who coordinates and
supervises the activities of operating employees.
The most common areas of management are: finance, operations, marketing, human
resources, and administration.
Financial Managers A financial manager is a manager whose primary
responsibility is the organization's financial resources.
Operations Managers An operations manager is a manager who creates and
manages the systems that convert resources into goods and services.
Marketing Managers A marketing manager is a manager responsible for
facilitating the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients.
Human Resources Managers A human resources manager is a person charged
with managing the organization's formal human resources programs.
Administrative managers An administrative manager (also called a general
manager) is a manager who is not associated with any specific functional area but who
provides overall administrative guidance and leadership.