1-2 Industrial Process Design C

Chemical Engineering Design
Industrial Process
Design
2012 G.P. Towler / UOP. For educational use in conjunction with
Towler & Sinnott Chemical Engineering Design only. Do not copy
1. Design Work Process
Determine
Customer Needs
Set Design
Specifications
R&D if Needed
Evaluate Economics
& Select Design
Predict Fitness
For Service
Build Performance
Models
Generate Design
Concepts
Procurement
& Construction
Begin Operation
Customer
Approval
Detailed Design &
Equipment Selection
Common to all design problems in all industries
How do companies implement this
design process?
2. The Design Team
Project
Sponsor
Contractors
Civil
Engineers
Business
Input
R&D
Specialists
Technical
Specialists
Cost Engineer
Control
Engineer
Consultants
Mechanical
Engineer(s)
Process
Engineer(s)
Project
Manager
Specialization and Outsourcing
Operating Companies
Own plants
Produce chemicals
High sales revenue
Margins & return on assets
(ROA) vary by sector
Technology Vendors
Own patents
Sell catalysts, enzymes,
equipment, licenses
Sales volume low
Margins, ROA usually high
Engineering & Construction Companies
Experienced project managers
Highly competitive & cost effective
Medium sales volume, low margins
Company Performance by Sector
Notes:
Data from www.CNN.money.com as of 7.2.07
Oil industry is usually not so profitable as during 2005-2007
Technology companies are usually smaller, and are often subsidiaries or
privately held. Financial data are often not publicly available.
Company Symbol Market Cap Revenue Profit Margin ROA
($ billion) ($ billion) % %
ExxonMobil XOM 472.5 365.5 10.8 18.1
Valero Energy VLO 40.55 91.8 5.9 15.1
Dow DOW 42.7 49.1 7.6 7.6
DuPont DD 47.3 27.4 13.5 10.1
Pfizer PFE 179.5 48.4 40 16.9
Merck MRK 107.9 22.6 19.6 10.7
Shaw Group SGR 3.8 4.8 1.1 NA
Fluor FLR 9.8 14.1 1.9 5.1
Long ago (<1980s) most projects were done in
house
Project
Sponsor
Contractors
Civil
Engineers
Business
Input
R&D
Specialists
Technical
Specialists
Cost Engineer
Control
Engineer
Consultants
Mechanical
Engineer(s)
Process
Engineer(s)
Project
Manager
E&C
Company
Technology
Vendor
Operating
Company
Nowadays
(For most companies, most sectors)
Project
Sponsor
Contractors
Civil
Engineers
Business
Input
R&D
Specialists
Technical
Specialists
Cost Engineer
Control
Engineer
Consultants
Mechanical
Engineer(s)
Process
Engineer(s)
Project
Manager
E&C
Company
Technology
Vendor
Operating
Company
Implications
Most major projects involve several companies working
together
OpCo might itself be a joint venture between several
companies
The companies might all be based in different regions of
the world
Teamwork, technology transfer and effective
communications have high impact and value
Good project management is more important than ever
3. The Project Plan
Project must be delivered:
On-time
On-budget
OpCo usually writes
incentives into the E&C
contract to ensure that
this happens
Design Work Process
Determine
Customer Needs
Set Design
Specifications
R&D if Needed
Evaluate Economics
& Select Design
Predict Fitness
For Service
Build Performance
Models
Generate Design
Concepts
Procurement
& Construction
Begin Operation
Customer
Approval
Detailed Design &
Equipment Selection
This takes time This also needs time
These steps
have to
come first
The Project Plan
Is developed & implemented
by the project manager
Sets deadlines for completion
of activities & intermediate
deliverables
Allows scheduling of
subordinate or dependent
tasks
Allows estimation of the
required manpower resources
at each stage of the project
Determines the procurement
schedule & gives an estimate
of when cash outlays are
expected
Example: 11-Week Plan for a Process Design Project
Whats In a Project Plan?
List of tasks
Durations, start
and end dates
Predecessor
tasks
Resource
allocations
Gantt
chart
Example: 11-Week Plan for a Process Design Project
Tools for Project Planning
Specialized software for larger projects
MS Project
SureTrak
Primavera Project Planner
Enterprise PM
Cobra
Small project plans & Gantt charts can be drawn in spreadsheets
or using cheap software (<$100)
AceProject (free on-line)
TurboProject
Project Vision
Quick Gantt
4. The Design Basis
We need to know:
What are we designing? How much of it do we want?
Where will it be built? What are the boundary conditions?
Determine
Customer Needs
Set Design
Specifications
R&D if Needed
Evaluate Economics
& Select Design
Predict Fitness
For Service
Build Performance
Models
Generate Design
Concepts
Procurement
& Construction
Begin Operation
Customer
Approval
Detailed Design &
Equipment Selection
Process Design Basis
Documentation of design
assumptions and boundary
conditions is very important
For new process plants, most
companies use some sort of
design basis form or questionnaire
to serve as a record of the design
basis
This record is also essential in
handing off information between
the operating company, technology
suppliers and contractors
Theres a template online at:
booksite. Elsevier.com/Towler
http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780080966595/
Sheet
REV DATE BY APVD REV DATE BY APVD
Correspondance Contacts
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
English Metric
3
AC Air cooler G Grinder, mill R Reactor
B Boiler H Heater (fired or electric) SP Sample point
C Compressor, blower, fan J Ejector, jet, turboexpander T Storage tank
CT Cooling tower M Mixer V Vessel (including columns)
D Dryer ME Miscellaneous equipment
First digit - process section E Exchanger P Pump
Second & third digits - equipment count F Filter, classifier PRV Pressure relief valve
4
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Product Purity (wt%)
Product shipment mode
Additional Specifications
5
Feedstock name
Feedstock grade
MSDS form number
Feedstock availability
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Feedstock price ($/lb)
(Default: open market price)
Known feedstock impurities ppmw ppmw ppmw ppmw
Additional specifications
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
6
Maximum wind loading (mph)
Other site design requirements
Low ambient temperature (F)
High ambient temperature (F)
Site elevation (ft)
Hight ambient relative humidity (%)
Name Name Name Name
Primary Raw Materials
(Attach additional sheets if needed)
2
1
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Site Information
Equipment Numbering System
Primary Products
General Information
Measurement System
Equipment will be identified by alphabetic
prefix as defined here, followed by three-
digit serial number unless otherwise
indicated
1 Company Name
Project Name
Project Number
Address
Whats in the Design Basis?
Project information and revision tabs
To allow retrieval of documentation
To ensure that revisions are properly documented and make sure that the
engineers arent working from the wrong version
To document review and approval of the design basis
Sheet
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
English Metric
3
4
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
5
Feedstock name
Feedstock grade
MSDS form number
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
6
Site elevation (ft)
Name Name Name Name
2
1
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Site Information
Primary Products
General Information
Measurement System
indicated
1 Company Name
Project Name
Project Number
Address
Sheet
1
Project Name
Project Number
Contact information
Company name
Process unit name
Who to contact & where to reach them
Sheet
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
English Metric
3
4
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
5
Feedstock name
Feedstock grade
MSDS form number
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
6
Site elevation (ft)
Name Name Name Name
2
1
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Site Information
Primary Products
General Information
Measurement System
indicated
1 Company Name
Project Name
Project Number
Address
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
1
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
General Information
Conventions followed
Units of measurement
Customer specific and may also depend on location
Design engineers have to be able to work with both metric and English units
Equipment labeling convention
Sometimes other conventions and codes, e.g. design codes
Sheet
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
English Metric
3
4
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
5
Feedstock name
Feedstock grade
MSDS form number
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
6
Site elevation (ft)
Name Name Name Name
2
1
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Site Information
Primary Products
General Information
Measurement System
indicated
1 Company Name
Project Name
Project Number
Address
English Metric
3
2
Measurement System
indicated
Product information for primary products
Product grades desired
Safety data sheet reference number
Production rate, purity, shipment details
Sheet
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
English Metric
3
4
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
5
Feedstock name
Feedstock grade
MSDS form number
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
6
Site elevation (ft)
Name Name Name Name
2
1
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Site Information
Primary Products
General Information
Measurement System
indicated
1 Company Name
Project Name
Project Number
Address
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Information for primary raw materials
Feedstock grades
Safety information
Availability and pricing
Feed impurities and their concentrations
Sheet
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
English Metric
3
4
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
5
Feedstock name
Feedstock grade
MSDS form number
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
6
Site elevation (ft)
Name Name Name Name
2
1
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Site Information
Primary Products
General Information
Measurement System
indicated
1 Company Name
Project Name
Project Number
Address
Feedstock name
Feedstock grade
MSDS form number
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
Known feedstock impurities ppmw
Name
Site information
Ambient conditions needed for design of insulation, air coolers, etc.
Special conditions such as wind loads, hurricane and earthquake
conditions that are needed for mechanical and civil engineering
design
Sheet
Address
Telephone / Fax
E-mail
English Metric
3
4
Product Name
Product Grade
MSDS Form Number
Production Rate
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
5
Feedstock name
Feedstock grade
MSDS form number
Tons per year
Tons per day
Other units
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
6
Site elevation (ft)
Name Name Name Name
2
1
Owners Name
Process Unit Name
Plant Location
Site Information
Primary Products
General Information
Measurement System
indicated
1 Company Name
Project Name
Project Number
Address
Site elevation (ft)
Sheet 2 of the Design Basis has
utility information
Fuel gases
Fuel oils
Steam levels
Coolants
Process water
Electricity
Process Air
Conditions, availability, price, etc.
Sheet
7
Gas source or operation mode
Supply header temperature (F)
Supply header pressure (psia)
Net calorific value (BTU/lb)
Marginal availability (lb/h)
Marginal fuel cost ($/MMBTU)
Sulfur content (wppm)
Nitrogen content (wppm)
Chlorine content (wppm)
Gas composition (vol%)
H2O
O2
N2
CO
CO2
H2S
H2
CH4
C2H4
C2H6
C3H6
C3H8
C4H8
iC4H10
nC4H10
C5H10
C5+
Fuel source or operation mode
Supply header temperature (F)
Supply headder pressure (psia)
Net calorific value (BTU/lb)
Marginal fuel cost ($/MMBTU)
Fuel viscosity at F
Fuel viscosity at F
Flash point (F)
Pour point (F)
Sulfur content (wppm)
Nitrogen content (wppm)
Ash content (wt %)
Steam header classification
Operating pressure (psia)
Operating temperature (F)
Mechanical design pressure (psia)
Mechanical design temperature (F)
Marginal cost ($/Mlb)
Coolant classification
Operating pressure (psia)
Supply temperature (F)
Maximum return temperature (F)
Marginal cost ($)
Marginal cost units
Water feed stream
Supply pressure (psia)
Supply temperature (F)
Marginal cost ($/1000 gal)
Total dissolved solids (wt%)
Hardness as CaCO3 (ppmw)
Chloride as Cl (ppmw)
Metallurgy
Power range (kW)
Voltage (V)
Phase
Frequency (Hz)
Marginal availability (kW)
Marginal cost ($/kWh)
Air stream
Header pressure (psia)
Header temperature (F)
Moisture (ppmw)
Marginal cost ($/Mscf)
Fuel Gas
Fuel Oil
Steam
Coolants
Process Water Feeds
Electric power
Plant air streams
DESIGN BASIS
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
Condensate
LP
Plant Nitrogen
Boiler Feed Water
Chilled Water
MP
Instrument Air
Process Water
Once-Through Water
Plant Air
Raw Water
Nat Gas
#2 Heating Oil
VHP
Cooling Tower Water
HP
Utility Information
Project Name
Project Number 2 Company Name
Address
Learning activities
Enter the site: booksite.Elsevier.com / Towler ,
download the design basis template; complete the
general information of the study case.
Sinnott & Towler Chemical Engineering Design only. Do not copy
5. Design Practices: Codes & Standards
Methods and rules for designing processes and equipment are given in
design codes of practice
Codes are set by national or international industry panels (e.g., ISO, ASME, API, ISA)
Codes are reviewed and reissued frequently
Codes specify practices for design, construction, testing and operation of equipment and processes, that are
expected to lead to a safe design, based on the experience of the code committee
Design in accordance with code is usually required by the company or by law
Standard sizes for piping & equipment, compositions, etc. are given in
standards
Tubing dimensions, valve sizes, exchanger layouts, screw threads, wire gauges, screens,
The two terms tend to be used interchangeably
Always consult the current (latest) edition of the code. Always make
sure that the codes and standards used comply with local legal
requirements.
Examples will be given throughout the course
Learning Activities
Read the chapter and answer the quiz.
Pipe Drafting and Design 2nd Edition
Roy A. Parisher, Robert A. Rhea
Chapter 8
Codes and Specifications
5. Design Practices: Design Factors
(Design Margins)
Equipment is usually sized for greater than the
design throughput
Allows for uncertainty in the design method and data
Leaves some room for expanding output
Ensures the plant can run at design capacity
Companies usually have a policy on design
margins
Typically size equipment for 110% of design basis
Be careful to add design margin only once!
6. Design Documentation
Design information must be clearly documented to enable:
Fair comparison between competing design alternatives
Transfer of information to E&C company for detailed design
Development of plant manuals
Determine
Customer Needs
Set Design
Specifications
R&D if Needed
Evaluate Economics
& Select Design
Predict Fitness
For Service
Build Performance
Models
Generate Design
Concepts
Procurement
& Construction
Begin Operation
Customer
Approval
Detailed Design &
Equipment Selection
Design Documentation
The design documentation for a process usually includes a minimum of:
1. The design basis
2. A written description of the process
3. A process flow diagram
4. At least one mass & energy balance
5. Product specifications and properties
6. A list of major plant equipment
7. Equipment specification sheets
8. A piping and instrumentation diagram
9. A cost estimate
10.HS&E information (e.g., HAZAN, HAZOP, MSDS forms)
Additional information such as techno-economic analysis, market information,
analysis of competing technologies or alternative design options may also be
included if within the scope of the project
1. The design basis
3. Process flow diagram
9. A cost estimate
10.HS&E information
XYZ Co.
The PFD or flowsheet
identifies all the
equipment items and
process streams
Usually broken into
several separate sheets,
defining plant sections
By convention, feeds
enter at left, products exit
right
Usually also indicates
stream temperature &
pressure
1. The design basis
9. A cost estimate
10.HS&E information
XYZ Co.
Mass & energy balances
are usually given for each
design case .
Usually mass flow, mole
flow, wt% and mole% are
given for every
component in every
stream
Often summarized as a
table at the bottom of the
PFD
kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol%
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Nitrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Total
128 kPa 129 kPa 130 kPa 131 kPa
25C 25C 25C 25C
9 10 11 12
124 kPa 125 kPa 126 kPa 127 kPa
25C 25C 25C 25C
5 6 7 8 3
25C
122 kPa
4
25C
123 kPa 120 kPa
2
25C
121 kPa
25C
1
1. The design basis
9. A cost estimate
10.HS&E information
kg/h kmol/h wt% mol%
Hydrogen
Methane
Ethane
Ethylene
Propane
Propylene
Butanes
n-butylene
i-butylene
Water
Carbon dioxide
Total
120 kPa
25C
1
XYZ Co.
kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol% kg/h kmol/h wt% mol%
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Nitrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Total
128 kPa 129 kPa 130 kPa 131 kPa
25C 25C 25C 25C
9 10 11 12
124 kPa 125 kPa 126 kPa 127 kPa
25C 25C 25C 25C
5 6 7 8 3
25C
122 kPa
4
25C
123 kPa 120 kPa
2
25C
121 kPa
25C
1
1. The design basis
6. A list of major plant
equipment
8. A piping and instrumentation
diagram
9. A cost estimate
10. HS&E information
Defines equipment names
Often used to summarize
equipment costs and serve as
a starting point for the capital
cost estimate
Plant Section Label Equipment Name Metallurgy
No. of
Items
Capacity
Measure Capacity Units
Capacity
Measure Capacity Units
Area m2
Steam rate kg/h
Diameter m No. of trays
Flow m3/s Power kW
Flow m3/h
Evap duty kg/h
Gas flow kg/h
Area m2
Duty MW
Drive power kW
Power kW
Flow litre/min Power kW
Volume m3
Volume m3
Type
Equipment Cost per
Item (k$)
Air cooler
Boiler
Column
Compressor
Cooling tower
Dryer
Ejector
Exchanger
Heater (fired)
Air cooler
Air cooler
Air cooler
Air cooler
Air cooler
Mixer
Motor
Pump
Tank
Vessel
1. The design basis
7. Equipment specification
sheets
diagram
9. A cost estimate
10. HS&E information
Give detailed design information (stream properties, dimensions) for each
major piece of equipment
Occasionally include mechanical drawings if the equipment is not standard
Sometimes substituted with vendor specification sheets for sourced items
Project Name
Project Number Sheet 1 of 1
Owner's Name
Plant Location Units English Metric
Case Description
Equipment label
Plant section
Process service
Design code Exchanger type
Shells per unit Series Parallel
Surface per unit ft2 Surface per shell ft2
Stream No.
Fluid
Total fluid flow lb/h
Total vapor flow lb/h
Total liquid flow lb/h
Total steam flow lb/h
Fluid vaporized / condensed lb/h
Density lb/cu ft
Dynamic viscosity lbm/ft.s
Specific heat capacity Btu/lb.F
Thermal conductivity Btu.ft/h.ft2.F
Latent heat Btu/lb
Normal temperature F
Max temperature F
Min temperature F
Pressure psia
Pressure drop allowed psi
Pressure drop calculated psi
Flow velocity ft/s
Number of passes
Film transfer coefficient Btu/h.ft2.F
Fouling coefficient Btu/h.ft2.F
Heat duty Btu/h
FT factor
Effective mean temperature difference F
Minimum surface required ft2
Material
Count in Square Triangular Welded
Length ft in in
Design pressure at max temp psia psia psia
Number of tubes blanked
Material
Length ft in in
Baffle material in
Tubesheet material in
Bonnet material Bonnet type
Shell side inlet in N.B. in N.B.
Tube side inlet in N.B. in N.B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DATA PER UNIT
CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS PER SHELL
NOTES
Equipment name
Address
Company Name
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
TEMA
SHELL SIDE
IN OUT IN OUT
TUBE SIDE
Tubes
Shell
Pitch
O.D.
Test pressure
Wall thickness
Max external pressure
I.D.
Branches
Shell side outlet
Tube side outlet
Test pressure
Baffle type
Wall thickness
Baffle pitch
Min internal pressure
Tubesheet thickness
Whats in a Spec Sheet?
Project info & rev tab
Equipment service and
summary information
Stream data needed
for design
Calculated design
information for the
equipment
Dimensions and
construction details
Notes
Project Name
Project Number Sheet 1 of 1
Owner's Name
Plant Location Units English Metric
Case Description
Equipment label
Plant section
Process service
Design code Exchanger type
Shells per unit Series Parallel
Surface per unit ft2 Surface per shell ft2
Stream No.
Fluid
Total fluid flow lb/h
Total vapor flow lb/h
Total liquid flow lb/h
Total steam flow lb/h
Fluid vaporized / condensed lb/h
Density lb/cu ft
Dynamic viscosity lbm/ft.s
Specific heat capacity Btu/lb.F
Thermal conductivity Btu.ft/h.ft2.F
Latent heat Btu/lb
Normal temperature F
Max temperature F
Min temperature F
Pressure psia
Pressure drop allowed psi
Pressure drop calculated psi
Flow velocity ft/s
Number of passes
Film transfer coefficient Btu/h.ft2.F
Fouling coefficient Btu/h.ft2.F
Heat duty Btu/h
FT factor
Effective mean temperature difference F
Minimum surface required ft2
Material
Count in Square Triangular Welded
Length ft in in
Number of tubes blanked
Material
Length ft in in
Baffle material in
Tubesheet material in
Bonnet material Bonnet type
Shell side inlet in N.B. in N.B.
Tube side inlet in N.B. in N.B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DATA PER UNIT
CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS PER SHELL
NOTES
Equipment name
Address
Company Name
Form XXXXX-YY-ZZ
SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
TEMA
SHELL SIDE
IN OUT IN OUT
TUBE SIDE
Tubes
Shell
Pitch
O.D.
Test pressure
Wall thickness
Max external pressure
I.D.
Branches
Shell side outlet
Tube side outlet
Test pressure
Baffle type
Wall thickness
Baffle pitch
Min internal pressure
Tubesheet thickness
Standard Templates
Typical templates for spec sheets and calc
sheets are available at:
booksite.Elsevier.com/Towler
These can be customized for your design
projects
Learning Activities
Download the specification sheets for the major
equipment in the study case.
http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780080966595/
1. The design basis
9. A cost estimate
10.HS&E information
The P&ID is more detailed
than the PFD and almost
always runs to several
sheets
It shows all the plant
instruments, control
systems, control logic and
shutdown systems
It also shows pipe sizes
and metallurgy (but not
pipe layout)
The P&ID is critical for
performing design safety
reviews
XYZ Co.
1. The design basis
9. A cost estimate
10.HS&E information
Variable costs of production
Raw materials
Utilities
Consumables
Packaging & shipping
Fixed costs of production
Wages
Taxes
Maintenance
Overheads
Capital costs
Working capital
Installed capital cost
Royalty costs
Annual capital charge
1. The design basis
diagram
9. A cost estimate
10.HS&E information
Information on materials safety is
required for hazard analysis,
detailed design
Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDSs) must be provided to
employees and customers by law
in the U.S.A. (OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard 29 CFR
Part 1910.1200)
Information also needs to be
collected to begin applying for
emissions permits
The type of information needed
and level of detail varies locally
Conclusion: What Makes a Process
Design in Industry
1. Design work process
2. Design team
3. Project plan
4. Design basis
5. Standard design procedures &
practices
6. Design documentation
Questions ?

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