Linux Network

1
MCQs of Computer Science

Linux Interview Questions and Answers
You need to see the last fifteen lines of the files dog, cat and horse. What command
should you use?
tail -15 dog cat horse
The tail utility displays the end of a file. The -15 tells tail to display the last fifteen lines
of each specified file.
Who owns the data dictionary?
The SYS user owns the data dictionary. The SYS and SYSTEM users are created when
the dataase is created.
You routinely compress old log files. You now need to examine a log from two
months ago. In order to view its contents without first having to decompress it, use
the utility.
!cat
The !cat utility allows you to e"amine the contents of a compressed file much the same
way that cat displays a file.
You suspect that you have two commands with the same name as the command is
not producing the expected results. What command can you use to determine the
location of the command !eing run?
which
The which command searches your path until it finds a command that matches the
command you are loo#ing for and displays its full path.
You locate a command in the "!in directory !ut do not #now what it does. What
command can you use to determine its purpose.
whatis
The whatis command displays a summary line from the man page for the specified
command.
You wish to create a lin# to the "data directory in !o!$s home directory so you issue
the command ln "data "home"!o!"datalin# !ut the command fails. What option
should you use in this command line to !e successful.
$se the -% option
&n order to create a lin# to a directory you must use the -% option.
When you issue the command ls %l, the first character of the resulting display
represents the file$s .
type
The first character of the permission loc# designates the type of file that is eing
displayed.
'y Muhammad Si#andar (ar
)
What utility can you use to show a dynamic listing of running processes?

top
The top utility shows a listing of all running processes that is dynamically updated.
Where is standard output usually directed?
to the screen or display
'y default* your shell directs standard output to your screen or display.
You wish to restore the file memo.!en which was !ac#ed up in the tarfile
&y'ac#up.tar. What command should you type?
tar "f My'ac#up.tar memo.en
This command uses the " switch to e"tract a file. +ere the file memo.en will e restored
from the tarfile My'ac#up.tar.
You need to view the contents of the tarfile called &y'ac#up.tar. What command
would you use?
tar tf My'ac#up.tar
The t switch tells tar to display the contents and the f modifier specifies which file to
e"amine.
You want to create a compressed !ac#up of the users$ home directories. What utility
should you use?
tar
You can use the ! modifier with tar to compress your archi,e at the same time as creating
it.
What daemon is responsi!le for trac#ing events on your system?
syslogd
The syslogd daemon is responsile for trac#ing system information and sa,ing it to
specified log files.
You have a file called phonenos that is almost (,))) lines long. What text filter can
you use to split it into four pieces each *,))) lines long?
split
The split te"t filter will di,ide files into e-ually si!ed pieces. The default length of each
piece is 1*... lines.
You would li#e to temporarily change your command line editor to !e vi. What
command should you type to change it?
set -o ,i
The set command is used to assign en,ironment ,ariales. &n this case* you are
instructing your shell to assign ,i as your command line editor. +owe,er* once you log
off and log ac# in you will return to the pre,iously defined command line editor.
/
What account is created when you install Linux?
root
0hene,er you install 1inu"* only one user account is created. This is the superuser
account also #nown as root.
What command should you use to chec# the num!er of files and dis# space used and
each user$s defined +uotas?
rep-uota
The rep-uota command is used to get a report on the status of the -uotas you ha,e set
including the amount of allocated space and amount of used space.
In order to run fsc# on the root partition, the root partition must !e mounted as
readonly
You cannot run fsc# on a partition that is mounted as read-write.
In order to improve your system$s security you decide to implement shadow
passwords. What command should you use?
pwcon,
The pwcon, command creates the file 2etc2shadow and changes all passwords to 3"3 in
the 2etc2passwd file.
'o! Armstrong, who has a username of !o!a, calls to tell you he forgot his
password. What command should you use to reset his command?
passwd oa
The passwd command is used to change your password. &f you do not specify a
username* your password will e changed.
,he top utility can !e used to change the priority of a running process? Another
utility that can also !e used to change priority is ?
nice
'oth the top and nice utilities pro,ide the capaility to change the priority of a running
process.
What command should you type to see all the files with an extension of $mem$ listed
in reverse alpha!etical order in the "home"!en"memos directory.
ls -r 2home2en2memos24.mem
The -c option used with ls results in the files eing listed in chronological order. You can
use wildcards with the ls command to specify a pattern of filenames.
What file defines the levels of messages written to system log files?
#ernel.h
To determine the ,arious le,els of messages that are defined on your system* e"amine the
#ernel.h file.
5
What command is used to remove the password assigned to a group?
gpasswd -r
The gpasswd command is used to change the password assigned to a group. $se the -r
option to remo,e the password from the group.
What command would you type to use the cpio to create a !ac#up called
!ac#up.cpio of all the users$ home directories?
find 2home 6 cpio -o 7 ac#up.cpio
The find command is used to create a list of the files and directories contained in home.
This list is then piped to the cpio utility as a list of files to include and the output is sa,ed
to a file called ac#up.cpio.
What can you type at a command line to determine which shell you are using?
echo 8S+E11
The name and path to the shell you are using is sa,ed to the S+E11 en,ironment
,ariale. You can then use the echo command to print out the ,alue of any ,ariale y
preceding the ,ariale3s name with 8. Therefore* typing echo 8S+E11 will display the
name of your shell.
What type of local file server can you use to provide the distri!ution installation
materials to the new machine during a networ# installation?
A- Inetd '- .//,01 2- 10/ 1- 00,3 4- 0./
E - You can use an 9%S ser,er to pro,ide the distriution installation materials to the
machine on which you are performing the installation. :nswers a* * c* and d are all ,alid
items ut none of them are file ser,ers. &netd is the superdaemon which controls all
intermittently used networ# ser,ices. The %SST9( is the 1inu" %ile System Standard.
(9S pro,ides domain name resolution* and 99T; is the transfer protocol for usenet
news.
If you type the command cat dog 5 6 cat what would you see on your display?
2hoose one7
a. Any error messages only. !. ,he contents of the file dog.
c. ,he contents of the file dog and any error messages. d. 0othing as all output is
saved to the file cat.
d
0hen you use < 7 for redirection* it redirects oth the standard output and standard
error. The output would e sa,ed to the file cat.
5
You are covering for another system administrator and one of the users as#s you to
restore a file for him. You locate the correct tarfile !y chec#ing the !ac#up log !ut
do not #now how the directory structure was stored. What command can you use to
determine this?
2hoose one7
a. tar fx tarfile dirname !. tar tvf tarfile filename c. tar ctf tarfile d. tar tvf tarfile
d
The t switch will list the files contained in the tarfile. $sing the , modifier will display
the stored directory structure.
You have the "var directory on its own partition. You have run out of space. What
should you do? 2hoose one7
a. 8econfigure your system to not write to the log files. !. 9se fips to enlarge the
partition. c. 1elete all the log files. d. 1elete the partition and recreate it with a
larger si:e.
d
The only way to enlarge a partition is to delete it and recreate it. You will then ha,e to
restore the necessary files from ac#up.
You have a new application on a 21%8;& that you wish to install. What should
your first step !e?
2hoose one7
a. 8ead the installation instructions on the 21%8;&.
!. 9se the mount command to mount your 21%8;& as read%write.
c. 9se the umount command to access your 21%8;&.
d. 9se the mount command to mount your 21%8;& as read%only.
d
'efore you can read any of the files contained on the C(-=>M* you must first mount the
C(-=>M.
When you create a new partition, you need to designate its si:e !y defining the
starting and ending .
cylinders
0hen creating a new partition you must first specify its starting cylinder. You can then
either specify its si!e or the ending cylinder.
What #ey com!ination can you press to suspend a running <o! and place it in the
!ac#ground?
ctrl-!
$sing ctrl-! will suspend a ?o and put it in the ac#ground.
,he easiest, most !asic form of !ac#ing up a file is to it to another location.
copy
The easiest most asic form of ac#ing up a file is to ma#e a copy of that file to another
location such as a floppy dis#.
@
What type of server is used to remotely assign I3 addresses to machines during the
installation process?
A- /&' '- 0./ 2- 1=23 1- ., 4- =,,3
C - You can use a (+C; ser,er to assign &; addresses to indi,idual machines during the
installation process. :nswers a* * d* and e list legitimate 1inu" ser,ers* ut these ser,ers
do not pro,ide &; addresses. The SM'* or Sama* tool is used for file and print sharing
across multi->S networ#s. :n 9%S ser,er is for file sharing across 1inu" net-wor#s. %T;
is a file storage ser,er that allows people to rowse and retrie,e information y logging
in to it* and +TT; is for the 0e.
Which password pac#age should you install to ensure that the central password file
couldn$t !e stolen easily?
A- 3A& '- tcpwrappers 2- shadow 1- securepass 4- ssh
C - The shadow password pac#age mo,es the central password file to a more secure
location. :nswers a* * and e all point to ,alid pac#ages* ut none of these places the
password file in a more secure location. :nswer d points to an in,alid pac#age.
When using useradd to create a new user account, which of the following tas#s is
not done automatically.
2hoose one7
a. Assign a 9I1. !. Assign a default shell c. 2reate the user$s home directory.
d. 1efine the user$s home directory.
c
The useradd command will use the system default for the user3s home directory. The
home directory is not created* howe,er* unless you use the -m option.
You want to enter a series of commands from the command%line. What would !e the
+uic#est way to do this?
2hoose ;ne
a. 3ress enter after entering each command and its arguments
!. 3ut them in a script and execute the script c. /eparate each command with a
semi%colon >?- and press enter after the last command
d. /eparate each command with a " and press enter after the last command
c
The semi-colon may e used to tell the shell that you are entering multiple commands
that should e e"ecuted serially. &f these were commands that you would fre-uently want
to run* then a script might e more efficient.
You attempt to use shadow passwords !ut are unsuccessful. What characteristic of
the "etc"passwd file may cause this?
2hoose one7
a. ,he login command is missing. !. ,he username is too long.
c. ,he password field is !lan#. d. ,he password field is prefaced !y an asteris#.
c
The password field must not e lan# efore con,erting to shadow passwords.
A
When you install a new application, documentation on that application is also
usually installed. Where would you loo# for the documentation after installing an
application called &yApp?
2hoose one7
a. "usr"&yApp !. "li!"doc"&yApp c. "usr"doc"&yApp
d. In the same directory where the application is installed.
c
The default location for application documentation is in a directory named for the
application in the 2usr2doc directory.
What file would you edit in your home directory to change which window manager
you want to use?
A- @init '- .xinitrc 2- @.AB/etup 1- xstart 4- xfABinit
:nswerB ' - The C2."initrc file allows you to set which window man-ager you want to use
when logging in to D from that account.
:nswers a* d* and e are all in,alid files. :nswer c is the main D ser,er configuration file.
What command allows you to set a processor%intensive <o! to use less 239 time?
A- ps '- nice 2- chps 1- less 4- more
:nswerB ' - The nice command is used to change a ?o3s priority le,el* so that it runs
slower or faster. :nswers a* d* and e are ,alid commands ut are not used to change
process information. :nswer c is an in,alid command.
While logged on as a regular user, your !oss calls up and wants you to create a new
user account immediately. =ow can you do this without first having to close your
wor#, log off and logon as root?
2hoose one7
a. Issue the command rootlog. !. Issue the command su and type exit when finished.
c. Issue the command su and type logoff when finished.
d. Issue the command logon root and type exit when finished.
:nswerB
You can use the su command to imitate any user including root. You will e prompted
for the password for the root account. >nce you ha,e pro,ided it you are logged in as
root and can do any administrati,e duties.
,here are seven fields in the "etc"passwd file. Which of the following lists all the
fields in the correct order?
2hoose one7
a. username, 9I1, CI1, home directory, command, comment
!. username, 9I1, CI1, comment, home directory, command
c. 9I1, username, CI1, home directory, comment, command
d. username, 9I1, group name, CI1, home directory, comment
:nswerB
The se,en fields re-uired for each line in the 2etc2passwd file are username* $&(* E&(*
comment* home directory* command. Each of these fields must e separated y a colon
e,en if they are empty.
F
Which of the following commands will show a list of the files in your home directory
including hidden files and the contents of all su!directories?
2hoose one7
a. ls %c home !. ls %a8 "home"username c. ls %a. "home"username
d. ls %l "home"username
:nswerB
The ls command is used to display a listing of files. The -a option will cause hidden files
to e displayed as well. The -= option causes ls to recurse down the directory tree. :ll of
this starts at your home directory.
In order to prevent a user from logging in, you can add a>n- at the
!eginning of the password field.
:nswerB asteric#
&f you add an asteric# at the eginning of the password field in the 2etc2passwd file* that
user will not e ale to log in.
You have a directory called "home"!en"memos and want to move it to
"home"!o!"memos so you issue the command mv "home"!en"memos "home"!o!.
What is the results of this action?
2hoose one7
a. ,he files contained in "home"!en"memos are moved to the directory
"home"!o!"memos"memos.
!. ,he files contained in "home"!en"memos are moved to the directory
"home"!o!"memos.
c. ,he files contained in "home"!en"memos are moved to the directory "home"!o!".
d. ,he command fails since a directory called memos already exists in the target
directory.
:nswerB a
0hen using the m, command to mo,e a directory* if a directory of the same name e"ists
then a sudirectory is created for the files to e mo,ed.
Which of the following tas#s is not necessary when creating a new user !y editing
the "etc"passwd file?
2hoose one7
a. 2reate a lin# from the user$s home directory to the shell the user will use.
!. 2reate the user$s home directory
c. 9se the passwd command to assign a password to the account.
d. Add the user to the specified group.
:nswerB a
There is no need to lin# the user3s home directory to the shell command. =ather* the
specified shell must e present on your system.
G
You issue the following command useradd %m !o!m 'ut the user cannot logon.
What is the pro!lem?
2hoose one7
a. You need to assign a password to !o!m$s account using the passwd command.
!. You need to create !o!m$s home directory and set the appropriate permissions.
c. You need to edit the "etc"passwd file and assign a shell for !o!m$s account.
d. ,he username must !e at least five characters long.
:nswerB a
The useradd command does not assign a password to newly created accounts. You will
still need to use the passwd command to assign a password.
You wish to print the file vacations with B) lines to a page. Which of the following
commands will accomplish this? 2hoose one7
a. pr %lB) vacations D lpr !. pr %f vacations D lpr c. pr %m vacations D lpr
d. pr %l vacations D lpr
:nswerB a
The default page length when using pr is @@ lines. The -l option is used to specify a
different length.
Which file defines all users on your system?
2hoose one7
a. "etc"passwd !. "etc"users c. "etc"password d. "etc"user.conf
:nswerB a
The 2etc2passwd file contains all the information on users who may log into your system.
&f a user account is not contained in this file* then the user cannot log in.
Which two commands can you use to delete directories?
A- rm '- rm Erf 2- rmdir 1- rd 4- rd %rf
:nswerHsIB '* C - You can use rmdir or rm -rf to delete a directory. :nswer a is incorrect*
ecause the rm command without any specific flags will not delete a directory* it will
only delete files. :nswers d and e point to a non-e"istent command.
Which partitioning tool is availa!le in all distri!utions?
A- 1is# 1ruid '- fdis# 2- 3artition &agic 1- .A,FG 4- /ystem 2ommander
:nswerHsIB ' - The fdis# partitioning tool is a,ailale in all 1inu" distriutions. :nswers
a* c* and e all handle partitioning* ut do not come with all distriutions. (is# (ruid is
made y =ed +at and used in its distriution along with some deri,ati,es. ;artition
Magic and System Commander are tools made y third-party companies. :nswer d is not
a tool* ut a file system type. Specifically* %:T/) is the file system type used in
0indows GF.
1.
Which partitions might you create on the mail server$s hard drive>s- other than the
root, swap, and !oot partitions?
H2hoose all correct answersI
A- "var"spool '- "tmp 2- "proc 1- "!in 4- "home
:nswerHsIB :* '* E - Separating 2,ar2spool onto its own partition helps to ensure that if
something goes wrong with the mail ser,er or spool* the output cannot o,errun the file
system. ;utting 2tmp on its own partition pre,ents either software or user items in the
2tmp directory from o,errunning the file system. ;lacing 2home off on its own is mostly
useful for system re-installs or upgrades* allowing you to not ha,e to wipe the 2home
hierarchy along with other areas. :nswers c and d are not possile* as the 2proc portion of
the file system is ,irtual-held in =:M-not placed on the hard dri,es* and the 2in
hierarchy is necessary for asic system functionality and* therefore* not one that you can
place on a different partition.
When planning your !ac#up strategy you need to consider how often you will
perform a !ac#up, how much time the !ac#up ta#es and what media you will use.
What other factor must you consider when planning your !ac#up strategy?
what to ac#up
Choosing which files to ac#up is the first step in planning your ac#up strategy.
What utility can you use to automate rotation of logs?
:nswerB logrotate
The logrotate command can e used to automate the rotation of ,arious logs.
In order to display the last five commands you have entered using the history
command, you would type .
:nswerB history 5
The history command displays the commands you ha,e pre,iously entered. 'y passing it
an argument of 5* only the last fi,e commands will e displayed.
What command can you use to review !oot messages?
:nswerB dmesg
The dmesg command displays the system messages contained in the #ernel ring uffer.
'y using this command immediately after ooting your computer* you will see the oot
messages.
What is the minimum num!er of partitions you need to install Linux?
:nswerB )
1inu" can e installed on two partitions* one as 2 which will contain all files and a swap
partition.
11
What is the name and path of the main system log?
:nswerB 2,ar2log2messages
'y default* the main system log is 2,ar2log2messages.
;f the following technologies, which is considered a client%side script?
A- Java/cript '- Java 2- A/3 1- 2KK
:nswerB : - Ja,aScript is the only client-side script listed. Ja,a and CKK are complete
programming languages. :cti,e Ser,er ;ages are parsed on the ser,er with the results
eing sent to the client in +TM1
Active 1irectory Interview Question and Answers
What is Active 1irectory?
:cti,e (irectory is a Meta (ata. :cti,e (irectory is a data ase which stores a data ase
li#e your user information* computer information and also other networ# o?ect info. &t
has capailities to manage and administer the complete 9etwor# which connect with :(.
What is domain?
0indows 9T and 0indows )...* a domain is a set of networ# resources Happlications*
printers* and so forthI for a group of users. The user needs only to log in to the domain to
gain access to the resources* which may e located on a numer of different ser,ers in the
networ#. The LdomainM is simply your computer address not to confuse with an $=1. :
domain address might loo# something li#e )11.1A..5@G.
What is domain controller?
: (omain controller H(CI is a ser,er that responds to security authentication re-uests
Hlogging in* chec#ing permissions* etc.I within the 0indows Ser,er domain. : domain is
a concept introduced in 0indows 9T wherey a user may e granted access to a numer
of computer resources with the use of a single username and password comination.
What is L1A3?
1ightweight (irectory :ccess ;rotocol 1(:; is the industry standard directory access
protocol* ma#ing :cti,e (irectory widely accessile to management and -uery
applications. :cti,e (irectory supports 1(:;,/ and 1(:;,).
What is L22?
NCC H#nowledge consistency chec#erI is used to generate replication topology for inter
site replication and for intra-site replication. 0ithin a site replication traffic is done ,ia
remote procedure calls o,er ip* while etween sites it is done through either =;C or
SMT;.
Where is the A1 data!ase held? What other folders are related to A1?
The :( data ase is store in cBOwindowsOntdsO9T(S.(&T.
1)
What is the /Y/M;L folder?
The sysP>1 folder stores the ser,erMs copy of the domainMs pulic files. The contents
such as group policy* users etc of the sys,ol folder are replicated to all domain controllers
in the domain.
Where are the Windows 0, 3rimary 1omain 2ontroller >312- and its 'ac#up
1omain 2ontroller >'12- in /erver G))F?
The :cti,e (irectory replaces them. 9ow all domain controllers share a multi master
peer-to-peer read and write relationship that hosts copies of the :cti,e (irectory.
2annot create a new universal user group. Why?
$ni,ersal groups are allowed only in nati,e-mode 0indows Ser,er )../ en,ironments.
9ati,e mode re-uires that all domain controllers e promoted to 0indows Ser,er )../
:cti,e (irectory.
What is L/1;9?
&ts group policy inheritance model* where the policies are applied to Local
machines* /ites* 1omains and ;rgani!ational 9nits.
Why doesnNt L/1;9 wor# under Windows 0,?
&f the NTConfig.pol file e"ists* it has the highest priority among the numerous policies.
=ow many num!er of permitted unsuccessful logons on Administrator
account? $nlimited. =ememer* though* that itMs the :dministrator account* not any
account thatMs part of the :dministrators group.
WhatNs the difference !etween guest accounts in /erver G))F and other editions?
More restricti,e in 0indows Ser,er )../.
=ow many passwords !y default are remem!ered when you chec# O4nforce
3assword =istory 8emem!eredP?
$serMs last @ passwords.
2an C2 /erver and Infrastructure place in single server?
9o* :s &nfrastructure master does the same ?o as the EC. &t does not wor# together.
Which is service in your windows is responsi!le for replication of 1omain
controller to another domain controller.
NCC generates the replication topology.
$se SMT; 2 =;C to replicate changes.
What Intrasite and Intersite 8eplicationQ
&ntrasite is the replication within the same site < intersite the replication etween sites.
1/
What is lost 5 found folder in A1/Q
&tMs the folder where you can find the o?ects missed due to conflict.
E"B you created a user in >$ which is deleted in other (C < when replication happed
:(S didnMt find the >$ then it will put that in 1ost < %ound %older.
What is Car!age collectionQ
Earage collection is the process of the online defragmentation of acti,e directory. &t
happens e,ery 1) +ours.
What /ystem /tate data containsQ
Contains Startup files*
=egistry
Com K =egistration (ataase
Memory ;age file
System files
:( information
Cluster Ser,ice information
SYSP>1 %older
What is the difference !etween Windows G))) Active 1irectory and Windows G))F
Active 1irectory? Is there any difference in G))) Croup 3olices and G))F Croup
3olices? What is meant !y A1/ and A1/ services in Windows G))F?
0indows )../ :cti,e (irectory introduced a numer of new security features* as well as
con,enience features such as the aility to rename a domain controller and e,en an entire
domain
0indows Ser,er )../ also introduced numerous changes to the default settings that can
e affected y Eroup ;olicy R you can see a detailed list of each a,ailale setting and
which >S is re-uired to support it y downloading the Eroup ;olicy Settings =eference.
:(S stands for :utomated (eployment Ser,ices* and is used to -uic#ly roll out
identically-configured ser,ers in large-scale enterprise en,ironments. You can get more
information from the :(S homepage.
I want to setup a 10/ server and Active 1irectory domain. What do I do first? If I
install the 10/ service first and name the :one Qname.orgN can I name the A1
domain Qname.orgN too?
9ot only can you ha,e a (9S !one and an :cti,e (irectory domain with the same name*
itMs actually the preferred way to go if at all possile. You can install and configure (9S
efore installing :cti,e (irectory* or you can allow the :cti,e (irectory &nstallation
0i!ard HdcpromoI itself install (9S on your ser,er in the ac#ground.
15
=ow do I determine if user accounts have local administrative access?
You can use the net local group administrators command on each wor#station Hproaly
in a login script so that it records its information to a central file for later re,iewI. This
command will enumerate the memers of the :dministrators group on each machine you
run it on. :lternately* you can use the =estricted Eroups feature of Eroup ;olicy to
restrict the memership of :dministrators to only those users you want to elong.
Why am I having trou!le printing with @3 domain users?
&n most cases* the inaility to print or access resources in situations li#e this one will oil
down to an issue with name resolution* either (9S or 0&9S29et'&>S. 'e sure that your
0indows D; clientsM wireless connections are configured with the correct (9S and
0&9S name ser,ers* as well as with the appropriate 9et'&>S o,er TC;2&; settings.
Compare your wireless settings to your wired 1:9 settings and loo# for any
discrepancies that may indicate where the functional difference may lie.
What is the I/,C? Who has that role !y default?
0indows )... (omain controllers each create :cti,e (irectory =eplication connection
o?ects representing inound replication from intra-site replication partners. %or inter-site
replication* one domain controller per site has the responsiility of e,aluating the inter-
site replication topology and creating :cti,e (irectory =eplication Connection o?ects
for appropriate ridgehead ser,ers within its site. The domain controller in each site that
owns this role is referred to as the &nter-Site Topology Eenerator H&STEI.
What is difference !etween /erver G))F vs G))A?
1. Pirtuali!ation. H0indows Ser,er )..F introduces +yper-P HP for Pirtuali!ationI ut
only on @5it ,ersions. More and more companies are seeing this as a way of reducing
hardware costs y running se,eral L,irtualM ser,ers on one physical machine.I
). Ser,er Core Hpro,ides the minimum installation re-uired to carry out a specific ser,er
role* such as for a (+C;* (9S or print ser,erI
/. 'etter security.
5. =ole-ased installation.
5. =ead >nly (omain Controllers H=>(CI.
@. Enhanced terminal ser,ices.
A. 9etwor# :ccess ;rotection R MicrosoftMs system for ensuring that clients connecting
to Ser,er )..F are patched* running a firewall and in compliance with corporate security
policies.
F. ;ower Shell R MicrosoftMs command line shell and scripting language has pro,ed
popular with some ser,er administrators.
G. &&S A.
1.. 'it loc#er R System dri,e encryption can e a sensile security measure for ser,ers
located in remote ranch offices. The main difference etween )../ and )..F is
Pirtuali!ation* management. )..F has more in-uild components and updated third party
dri,ers.
11. 0indows :ero.
15
What are the re+uirements for installing A1 on a new server?
1 The (omain structure.
) The (omain 9ame.
/ storage location of the dataase and log file.
5 1ocation of the shared system ,olume folder.
5 (9S config Method.
@ (9S configuration.
What is L13?
1(;B 1ael (istriution ;rotocol H1(;I is often used to estalish M;1S 1S;s when
traffic engineering is not re-uired. &t estalishes 1S;s that follow the e"isting &; routing*
and is particularly well suited for estalishing a full mesh of 1S;s etween all of the
routers on the networ#.
What are the Croups types availa!le in active directory ?
Security groupsB $se Security groups for granting permissions to gain access to
resources. Sending an e-mail message to a group sends the message to all memers of the
group. Therefore security groups share the capailities of distriution groups.
(istriution groupsB (istriution groups are used for sending e-main messages to groups
of users. You cannot grant permissions to security groups. E,en though security groups
ha,e all the capailities of distriution groups* distriution groups still re-uires* ecause
some applications can only read distriution groups.
4xplain a!out the groups scope in A1?
(omain 1ocal EroupB $se this scope to grant permissions to domain resources that are
located in the same domain in which you created the domain local group. (omain local
groups can e"ist in all mi"ed* nati,e and interim functional le,el of domains and forests.
(omain local group memerships are not limited as you can add memers as user
accounts* uni,ersal and gloal groups from any domain. Just to rememer* nesting cannot
e done in domain local group. : domain local group will not e a memer of another
(omain 1ocal or any other groups in the same domain.
Eloal EroupB $sers with similar function can e grouped under gloal scope and can e
gi,en permission to access a resource Hli#e a printer or shared folder and filesI a,ailale
in local or another domain in same forest. To say in simple words* Eloal groups can e
use to grant permissions to gain access to resources which are located in any domain ut
in a single forest as their memerships are limited. $ser accounts and gloal groups can
e added only from the domain in which gloal group is created. 9esting is possile in
Eloal groups within other groups as you can add a gloal group into another gloal
group from any domain. %inally to pro,ide permission to domain specific resources Hli#e
printers and pulished folderI* they can e memers of a (omain 1ocal group. Eloal
groups e"ist in all mi"ed* nati,e and interim functional le,el of domains and forests.
1@
$ni,ersal Eroup ScopeB These groups are precisely used for email distriution and can e
granted access to resources in all trusted domain as these groups can only e used as a
security principal Hsecurity group typeI in a windows )... nati,e or windows ser,er
)../ domain functional le,el domain. $ni,ersal group memerships are not limited li#e
gloal groups. :ll domain user accounts and groups can e a memer of uni,ersal group.
$ni,ersal groups can e nested under a gloal or (omain 1ocal group in any domain
What is 843L&;0?
The Microsoft definition of the =eplmon tool is as followsS This E$& tool enales
administrators to ,iew the low-le,el status of :cti,e (irectory replication* force
synchroni!ation etween domain controllers* ,iew the topology in a graphical format*
and monitor the status and performance of domain controller replication.
What is A1/I41I, ?
:(S&E(&T B:(S&Edit is a Microsoft Management Console HMMCI snap-in that acts as a
low-le,el editor for :cti,e (irectory. &t is a Eraphical $ser &nterface HE$&I tool.
9etwor# administrators can use it for common administrati,e tas#s such as adding*
deleting* and mo,ing o?ects with a directory ser,ice. The attriutes for each o?ect can
e edited or deleted y using this tool. :(S&Edit uses the :(S& application programming
interfaces H:;&sI to access :cti,e (irectory. The following are the re-uired files for
using this toolB :(S&E(&T.(11 :(S&E(&T.
What is 04,1;& ?
04,1;& is a command-line tool that allows management of 0indows domains and
trust relationships. &t is used for atch management of trusts* ?oining computers to
domains* ,erifying trusts* and secure channels.
What is 843A1&I0?
This command-line tool assists administrators in diagnosing replication prolems
etween 0indows domain controllers.:dministrators can use =epadmin to ,iew the
replication topology Hsometimes referred to as =eps%rom and =epsToI as seen from the
perspecti,e of each domain controller. &n addition* =epadmin can e used to manually
create the replication topology Halthough in normal practice this should not e necessaryI*
to force replication e,ents etween domain controllers* and to ,iew oth the replication
metadata and up-to-dateness ,ectors.
=ow to ta#e !ac#up of A1 ?
%or ta#ing ac#up of acti,e directory you ha,e to do this B first go ST:=T -7
;=>E=:M -7:CCES>=&ES -7 SYSTEM T>>1S -7 ':CN$; >= >pen run window
and ntac#up and ta#e systemstate ac#up when the ac#up screen is flash then ta#e the
ac#up of SYSTEM ST:TE it will ta#e the ac#up of all the necessary information
aout the syatem including :( ac#up * (9S ETC.
1A
What are the 1/R commands ?
The following (S commandsB the (S family uilt in utility .
DSmod R modify :cti,e (irectory attriutes.
DSrm - to delete :cti,e (irectory o?ects.
DSmove R to relocate o?ects
DSadd R create new accounts
DSquery R to find o?ects that match your -uery attriutes.
DSget R list the properties of an o?ect
What are the re+uirements for installing A1 on a new server?
:n 9T%S partition with enough free space.
:n :dministratorMs username and password.
The correct operating system ,ersion.
: 9&C ;roperly configured TC;2&; H&; address* sunet mas# and R optional R default
gatewayI.
: networ# connection Hto a hu or to another computer ,ia a crosso,er caleI .
:n operational (9S ser,er Hwhich can e installed on the (C itselfI .
: (omain name that you want to use .
The 0indows )... or 0indows Ser,er )../ C( media Hor at least the i/F@ folderI .
4xplain a!out ,rust in A1 ?
To allow users in one domain to access resources in another* :cti,e (irectory uses trusts.
Trusts inside a forest are automatically created when domains are created.
The forest sets the default oundaries of trust* not the domain* and implicit* transiti,e
trust is automatic for all domains within a forest. :s well as two-way transiti,e trust* :(
trusts can e a shortcut H?oins two domains in different trees* transiti,e* one- or two-wayI*
forest Htransiti,e* one- or two-wayI* realm Htransiti,e or nontransiti,e* one- or two-wayI*
or e"ternal Hnontransiti,e* one- or two-wayI in order to connect to other forests or non-
:( domains.
Trusts in 0indows )... Hnati,e modeI
;ne%way trust E >ne domain allows access to users on another domain* ut the other
domain does not allow access to users on the first domain.
,wo%way trust E Two domains allow access to users on oth domains.
,rusting domain E The domain that allows access to users from a trusted domain.
,rusted domain E The domain that is trustedS whose users ha,e access to the trusting
domain.
,ransitive trust E : trust that can e"tend eyond two domains to other trusted domains
in the forest.
Intransitive trust E : one way trust that does not e"tend eyond two domains.
4xplicit trust E : trust that an admin creates. &t is not transiti,e and is one way only.
2ross%lin# trust E :n e"plicit trust etween domains in different trees or in the same tree
when a descendant2ancestor Hchild2parentI relationship does not e"ist etween the two
1F
domains.
0indows )... Ser,er R supports the following types of trustsB
Two-way transiti,e trusts.
>ne-way intransiti,e trusts.
:dditional trusts can e created y administrators. These trusts can eB
What is tom!stone lifetime attri!ute ?
The numer of days efore a deleted o?ect is remo,ed from the directory ser,ices. This
assists in remo,ing o?ects from replicated ser,ers and pre,enting restores from
reintroducing a deleted o?ect. This ,alue is in the (irectory Ser,ice o?ect in the
configuration 9&C.
What are application partitions? When do I use them ?
:9 application diretcory partition is a directory partition that is replicated only to
specific domain controller.>nly domain controller running windows Ser,er )../ can
host a replica of application directory partition.
$sing an application directory partition pro,ides redundany*a,ailaility or fault tolerance
y replicating data to specific domain controller pr any set of domain controllers
anywhere in the forest.
=ow do you create a new application partition ?
$se the (nsCmd command to create an application directory partition.
To do this* use the following synta"B
(nsCmd Ser,er9ame 2Create(irectory;artition %Q(9 of partition
=ow do you view all the C2s in the forest?
CBO7repadmin 2showreps domainTcontroller where domainTcontroller is the (C you want
to -uery to determine whether itQs a EC.
The output will include the te"t (S: >ptionsB &STEC if the (C is a EC.
2an you connect Active 1irectory to other Frd%party 1irectory /ervices? 0ame a
few options.
Yes* you can use dirDM1 or 1(:; to connect to other directories.
&n 9o,el you can use E-directory.
What is I3/ec 3olicy
&;Sec pro,ides secure gateway-to-gateway connections across outsourced pri,ate wide
area networ# H0:9I or &nternet-ased connections using 1)T;2&;Sec tunnels or pure
&;Sec tunnel mode. &;Sec ;olicy can e deployed ,ia Eroup policy to the 0indows
(omain controllers A Ser,ers.
What are the different types of ,erminal /ervices Q
$ser Mode < :pplication Mode.
1G
What is the /ystem /tartup process Q
0indows )N oot process on a &ntel architecture.
1. ;ower->n Self Tests H;>STI are run.
). The oot de,ice is found* the Master 'oot =ecord HM'=I is loaded into memory* and
its program is run.
/. The acti,e partition is located* and the oot sector is loaded.
5. The 0indows )... loader H9T1(=I is then loaded.
,he !oot se+uence executes the following steps7
1. The 0indows )... loader switches the processor to the /)-it flat memory model.
). The 0indows )... loader starts a mini-file system.
/. The 0indows )... loader reads the '>>T.&9& file and displays the operating system
selections Hoot loader menuI.
5. The 0indows )... loader loads the operating system selected y the user. &f 0indows
)... is selected* 9T1(= runs 9T(ETECT.C>M. %or other operating systems* 9T1(=
loads '>>TSECT.(>S and gi,es it control.
5. 9T(ETECT.C>M scans the hardware installed in the computer* and reports the list to
9T1(= for inclusion in the =egistry under the
+NEYT1>C:1TM:C+&9ET+:=(0:=E hi,e.
@. 9T1(= then loads the 9T>SN=91.EDE* and gi,es it the hardware information
collected y 9T(ETECT.C>M. 0indows 9T enters the 0indows load phases.
=ow do you change the 1/ 8estore admin password ?
&n 0indows )... Ser,er* you used to ha,e to oot the computer whose password you
wanted to change in (irectory =estore mode* then use either the Microsoft Management
Console HMMCI 1ocal $ser and Eroups snap-in or the command net user administrator 4
to change the :dministrator password.
0in)N Ser,er Ser,ice ;ac# ) HS;)I introduced the Setpwd utility* which lets you reset
the (irectory Ser,ice =estore Mode password without ha,ing to reoot the computer.
HMicrosoft refreshed Setpwd in S;5 to impro,e the utilityQs scripting options.I
&n 0indows Ser,er )../* you use the 9tdsutil utility to modify the (irectory Ser,ice
=estore Mode :dministrator password.
).
To do so* follow these stepsB
1. Start 9tdsutil Hclic# Start* =unS enter cmd.e"eS then enter ntdsutil.e"eI.
). Start the (irectory Ser,ice =estore Mode :dministrator password-reset utility y
entering the argument Qset dsrm passwordQ at the ntdsutil promptB ntdsutilB set dsrm
password.
/. =un the =eset ;assword command* passing the name of the ser,er on which to change
the password* or use the null argument to specify the local machine.
%or e"ample* to reset the password on ser,er testing* enter the following argument at the
=eset (S=M :dministrator ;assword promptB =eset (S=M :dministrator ;asswordB
reset password on ser,er testing
To reset the password on the local machine* specify null as the ser,er nameB
=eset (S=M :dministrator ;asswordB reset password on ser,er null
5. YouQll e prompted twice to enter the new password. YouQll see the following
messagesB
5. ;lease type password for (S =estore Mode :dministrator :ccountB
@. ;lease confirm new passwordB
;assword has een set successfully.
A. E"it the password-reset utility y typing Q-uitQ at the following promptsB
F. =eset (S=M :dministrator ;asswordB -uit
ntdsutilB -uit
=ow do I use 8egistry #eys to remove a user from a group?
&n 0indows Ser,er )../* you can use the dsmod command-line utility with the -delmr
switch to remo,e a group memer from the command line. You should also loo# into the
freeware utilities a,ailale from www.?oeware.net . :(%ind and :(Mod are
indispensale tools in my arsenal when it comes to searching and modifying :cti,e
(irectory.
Why are my 0,( clients failing to connect to the Windows G))) domain?
Since 9T5 relies on 9et'&>S for name resolution* ,erify that your 0&9S ser,er Hyou do
ha,e a 0&9S ser,er running* yesQI contains the records that you e"pect for the )...
domain controller* and that your clients ha,e the correct address configured for the 0&9S
ser,er.
=ow do you view replication properties for A1 partitions and 12s?
'y using replication monitor
go to start 7 run 7 type repadmin
go to start 7 run 7 type replmon
Why canNt you restore a 12 that was !ac#ed up ( months ago?
'ecause of the tomstone life which is set to only @. days.
)1
1ifferent modes of A1 restore ?
: nonauthoritati,e restore is the default method for restoring :cti,e (irectory. To
perform a nonauthoritati,e restore* you must e ale to start the domain controller in
(irectory Ser,ices =estore Mode. :fter you restore the domain controller from ac#up*
replication partners use the standard replication protocols to update :cti,e (irectory and
associated information on the restored domain controller.
:n authoritati,e restore rings a domain or a container ac# to the state it was in at the
time of ac#up and o,erwrites all changes made since the ac#up. &f you do not want to
replicate the changes that ha,e een made suse-uent to the last ac#up operation* you
must perform an authoritati,e restore. &n this one needs to stop the inound replication
first efore performing the :n authoritati,e restore.
=ow do you configure a stand%!y operation master for any of the roles?
U >pen :cti,e (irectory Sites and Ser,ices.
U E"pand the site name in which the standy operations master is located to display the
Ser,ers folder.
U E"pand the Ser,ers folder to see a list of the ser,ers in that site.
U E"pand the name of the ser,er that you want to e the standy operations master to
display its 9T(S Settings.
U =ight-clic# 9T(S Settings* clic# 9ew* and then clic# Connection.
U &n the %ind (omain Controllers dialog o"* select the name of the current role holder*
and then clic# >N.
U &n the 9ew >?ect-Connection dialog o"* enter an appropriate name for the
Connection o?ect or accept the default name* and clic# >N.
WhatNs the difference !etween transferring a ./&; role and sei:ing ?
Sei!ing an %SM> can e a destructi,e process and should only e attempted if the
e"isting ser,er with the %SM> is no longer a,ailale.
&f you perform a sei!ure of the %SM> roles from a (C* you need to ensure two thingsB
the current holder is actually dead and offline* and that the old (C will 9EPE= return to
the networ#. &f you do an %SM> role Sei!e and then ring the pre,ious holder ac#
online* youMll ha,e a prolem.
:n %SM> role T=:9S%E= is the graceful mo,ement of the roles from a li,e* wor#ing
(C to another li,e (C (uring the process* the current (C holding the roleHsI is updated*
so it ecomes aware it is no longer the role holder
I want to loo# at the 8I1 allocation ta!le for a 12. What do I do?
dcdiag 2testBridmanager 2sBser,ername 2, Hser,ername is the name of our (CI
What is 'ridge=ead /erver in A1 ?
: ridgehead ser,er is a domain controller in each site* which is used as a contact point
to recei,e and replicate data etween sites. %or intersite replication* NCC designates one
of the domain controllers as a ridgehead ser,er. &n case the ser,er is down* NCC
))
designates another one from the domain controller. 0hen a ridgehead ser,er recei,es
replication updates from another site* it replicates the data to the other domain controllers
within its site.
What is the default si:e of ntds.dit ?
1. M' in Ser,er )... and 1) M' in Ser,er )../ .
Where is the A1 data!ase held and What are other folders related to A1 ?
:( (ataase is sa,ed in VsystemrootV2ntds. You can see other files also in this folder.
These are the main files controlling the :( structure.
ntds.dit
ed.log
res1.log
res).log
ed.ch#
0hen a change is made to the 0in)N dataase* triggering a write operation* 0in)N
records the transaction in the log file Hed.logI. >nce written to the log file* the change is
then written to the :( dataase. System performance determines how fast the system
writes the data to the :( dataase from the log file. :ny time the system is shut down*
all transactions are sa,ed to the dataase.
(uring the installation of :(* 0indows creates two filesB res1.log and res).log. The
initial si!e of each is 1.M'. These files are used to ensure that changes can e written to
dis# should the system run out of free dis# space. The chec#point file Hed.ch#I records
transactions committed to the :( dataase Hntds.ditI. (uring shutdown* a WshutdownX
statement is written to the ed.ch# file.
Then* during a reoot* :( determines that all transactions in the ed.log file ha,e een
committed to the :( dataase. &f* for some reason* the ed.ch# file doesnMt e"ist on
reoot or the shutdown statement isnMt present* :( will use the ed.log file to update the
:( dataase. The last file in our list of files to #now is the :( dataase itself* ntds.dit.
'y default* the file is located inO9T(S* along with the other files weM,e discussed
What ./&; placement considerations do you #now of ?
0indows )...2)../ :cti,e (irectory domains utili!e a Single >peration Master method
called %SM> H%le"ile Single Master >perationI* as descried in $nderstanding %SM>
=oles in :cti,e (irectory.
&n most cases an administrator can #eep the %SM> role holders Hall 5 of themI in the
same spot Hor actually* on the same (CI as has een configured y the :cti,e (irectory
installation process.
+owe,er* there are scenarios where an administrator would want to mo,e one or more of
the %SM> roles from the default holder (C to a different (C.
)/
0indows Ser,er )../ :cti,e (irectory is a it different than the 0indows )... ,ersion
when dealing with %SM> placement.
&n this article & will only deal with 0indows Ser,er )../ :cti,e (irectory* ut you
should ear in mind that most considerations are also true when planning 0indows )...
:( %SM> roles
What do you do to install a new Windows G))F 8G 12 in a Windows G))F A1?
&f youMre installing 0indows )../ =) on an e"isting 0indows )../ ser,er with S;1
installed* you re-uire only the second =) C(-=>M.
&nsert the second C( and the r)auto.e"e will display the 0indows )../ =) Continue
Setup screen. &f youMre installing =) on a domain controller H(CI* you must first upgrade
the schema to the =) ,ersion Hthis is a minor change and mostly related to the new (fs
replication engineI.
To update the schema* run the :dprep utility* which youMll find in the
ComponentsOr)Oadprep folder on the second C(-=>M.
'efore running this command* ensure all (Cs are running 0indows )../ or 0indows
)... with S;) Hor laterI.
+ereMs a sample e"ecution of the :dprep 2forestprep
commandB
(BOCM;9E9TSO=)O:(;=E;7adprep 2forestprep
:(;=E; 0:=9&9EB
'efore running adprep* all 0indows )... domain controllers in the forest should e
upgraded to 0indows )... Ser,ice ;ac# 1 HS;1I with Q%E )@5.FG* or to 0indows )...
S;) Hor laterI.
Q%E )@5.FG Hincluded in 0indows )... S;) and laterI is re-uired to pre,ent potential
domain controller corruption.
Y$ser :ctionZ &f :11 your e"isting 0indows )... domain controllers meet this
re-uirement* type C and then press E9TE= to continue. >therwise* type any other #ey
and press E9T E= to -uit.
C >pened Connection to S:P
(:1(C.1 SS;& 'ind succeeded Current Schema Persion is /. $pgrading schema to
,ersion /1 Connecting to WS:P(:1(C.1[ 1ogging in as current user using SS;&
&mporting directory from file WCBO0&9(>0SOsystem/)Osch/1.ldfX 1oading entries\
1/G entries modified successfully.
The command has completed successfully :dprep successfully updated the forest-wide
information.
:fter running :dprep* install =) y performing these stepsB
)5
1. Clic# the WContinue 0indows Ser,er )../ =) SetupX lin#* as the figureshows.
). :t the W0elcome to the 0indows Ser,er )../ =) Setup 0i!ardX screen* clic# 9e"t.
/. YouMll e prompted to enter an =) C( #ey Hthis is different from your e"isting
0indows )../ #eysI if the underlying >S wasnMt installed from =) media He.g.* a regular
0indows )../ S;1 installationI.
Enter the =) #ey and clic# 9e"t. 9oteB The license #ey entered for =) must match the
underlying >S type* which means if you installed 0indows )../ using a ,olume-license
,ersion #ey* then you canMt use a retail or Microsoft (e,eloper 9etwor# HMS(9I =)
#ey.
5. YouMll see the setup summary screen which confirms the actions to e performed He.g.*
Copy filesI. Clic# 9e"t.
5. :fter the installation is complete* youMll see a confirmation dialog o". Clic# %inish
What is ;9 ?
>rgani!ation $nit is a container o?ect in which you can #eep o?ects such as user
accounts* groups* computer* printer . applications and other H>$I.
&n organi!ation unit you can assign specific permission to the userMs. organi!ation unit
can also e used to create departmental limitation.
0ame some ;9 design considerations ?
>$ design re-uires alancing re-uirements for delegating administrati,e rights R
independent of Eroup ;olicy needs R and the need to scope the application of Eroup
;olicy.
The following >$ design recommendations address delegation and scope issuesB
:pplying Eroup ;olicy :n >$ is the lowest-le,el :cti,e (irectory container to which
you can assign Eroup ;olicy settings.
(elegating administrati,e authority
usually donMt go more than / >$ le,els
What is sites ? What are they used for ?
>ne or more well-connected Hhighly reliale and fastI TC;2&; sunets.
: site allows administrators to configure :cti,e (irectory access and replication
topology to ta#e ad,antage of the physical networ#.
: Site o?ect in :cti,e (irectory represents a physical geographic location that hosts
networ#s. Sites contain o?ects called Sunets.
Sites can e used to :ssign Eroup ;olicy >?ects* facilitate the disco,ery of resources*
manage acti,e directory replication* and manage networ# lin# traffic.
Sites can e lin#ed to other Sites. Site-lin#ed o?ects may e assigned a cost ,alue that
represents the speed* reliaility* a,ailaility* or other real property of a physical resource.
Site 1in#s may also e assigned a schedule.
)5
,rying to loo# at the /chema, how can I do that ?
register schmmgmt.dll using this command
cBOwindowsOsystem/)7regs,r/) schmmgmt.dll
>pen mmc R7 add snapin R7 add :cti,e directory schema
name it as schema.msc
>pen administrati,e tool R7 schema.msc
What is the port no of Ler!rose ?
FF
What is the port no of Clo!al catalog ?
/)@F
What is the port no of L1A3 ?
/FG
4xplain Active 1irectory /chema ?
0indows )... and 0indows Ser,er )../ :cti,e (irectory uses a dataase set of rules
called WSchemaX. The Schema is defines as the formal definition of all o?ect classes* and
the attriutes that ma#e up those o?ect classes* that can e stored in the directory. :s
mentioned earlier* the :cti,e (irectory dataase includes a default Schema* which
defines many o?ect classes* such as users* groups* computers* domains* organi!ational
units* and so on.
These o?ects are also #nown as WClassesX. The :cti,e (irectory Schema can e
dynamically e"tensile* meaning that you can modify the schema y defining new o?ect
types and their attriutes and y defining new attriutes for e"isting o?ects. You can do
this either with the Schema Manager snap-in tool included with 0indows )...2)../
Ser,er* or programmatically.
=ow can you forci!ly remove A1 from a server, and what do you do later? ? 2an I
get user passwords from the A1 data!ase?
(cpromo 2forceremo,al * an administrator can forcily remo,e :cti,e (irectory and roll
ac# the system without ha,ing to contact or replicate any locally held changes to another
(C in the forest. =eoot the ser,er then :fter you use the dcpromo 2forceremo,al
command* all the remaining metadata for the demoted (C is not deleted on the sur,i,ing
domain controllers* and therefore you must manually remo,e it y using the 9T(S$T&1
command.
&n the e,ent that the 9T(S Settings o?ect is not remo,ed correctly you can use the
9tdsutil.e"e utility to manually remo,e the 9T(S Settings o?ect. You will need the
following toolB 9tdsutil.e"e* :cti,e (irectory Sites and Ser,ices* :cti,e (irectory $sers
and Computers
)@
What are the ./&; roles? Who has them !y default? What happens when each one
fails?
%le"ile Single Master >peration H%SM>I role. Currently there are fi,e %SM> rolesB
Schema master
(omain naming master
=&( master
;(C emulator
&nfrastructure master
What is domain tree ?
(omain TreesB : domain tree comprises se,eral domains that share a common schema
and configuration* forming a contiguous namespace. (omains in a tree are also lin#ed
together y trust relationships. :cti,e (irectory is a set of one or more trees.
Trees can e ,iewed two ways. >ne ,iew is the trust relationships etween domains. The
other ,iew is the namespace of the domain tree.
What is forests ?
: collection of one or more domain trees with a common schema and implicit trust
relationships etween them. This arrangement would e used if you ha,e multiple root
(9S addresses.
=ow to /elect the Appropriate 8estore &ethod ?
You select the appropriate restore method y consideringB
Circumstances and characteristics of the failure. The two ma?or categories of failure*
%rom an :cti,e (irectory perspecti,e* are :cti,e (irectory data corruption and hardware
failure.
:cti,e (irectory data corruption occurs when the directory contains corrupt data that has
een replicated to all domain controllers or when a large portion of the :cti,e (irectory
hierarchy has een changed accidentally Hsuch as deletion of an >$I and this change has
replicated to other domain controllers.
Where are the Windows 0, 3rimary 1omain 2ontroller >312- and its 'ac#up
1omain 2ontroller >'12- in /erver G))F?
The :cti,e (irectory replaces them. 9ow all domain controllers share a multimaster
peer-to-peer read and write relationship that hosts copies of the :cti,e (irectory.
What is Clo!al 2atalog?
The Eloal Catalog authenticates networ# user logons and fields in-uiries aout o?ects
across a forest or tree. E,ery domain has at least one EC that is hosted on a domain
controller. &n 0indows )...* there was typically one EC on e,ery site in order to pre,ent
user logon failures across the networ#.
)A
=ow long does it ta#e for security changes to !e replicated among the domain
controllers?
Security-related modifications are replicated within a site immediately. These changes
include account and indi,idual user loc#out policies* changes to password policies*
changes to computer account passwords* and modifications to the 1ocal Security
:uthority H1S:I.
When should you create a forest?
>rgani!ations that operate on radically different ases may re-uire separate trees with
distinct namespaces. $ni-ue trade or rand names often gi,e rise to separate (9S
identities. >rgani!ations merge or are ac-uired and naming continuity is desired.
>rgani!ations form partnerships and ?oint ,entures. 0hile access to common resources is
desired* a separately defined tree can enforce more direct administrati,e and security
restrictions.
1escri!e the process of wor#ing with an external domain name ?
&f it is not possile for you to configure your internal domain as a sudomain of your
e"ternal domain* use a stand-alone internal domain. This way* your internal and e"ternal
domain names are unrelated. %or e"ample* an organi!ation that uses the domain name
contoso.com for their e"ternal namespace uses the name corp.internal for their internal
namespace.
The ad,antage to this approach is that it pro,ides you with a uni-ue internal domain
name. The disad,antage is that this configuration re-uires you to manage two separate
namespaces. :lso* using a stand-alone internal domain that is unrelated to your e"ternal
domain might create confusion for users ecause the namespaces do not reflect a
relationship etween resources within and outside of your networ#.
&n addition* you might ha,e to register two (9S names with an &nternet name authority if
you want to ma#e the internal domain pulicly accessile.
=ow do you view all the C2s in the forest?
CBO7repadmin 2showreps
domainTcontroller
>=
You can use =eplmon.e"e for the same purpose.
>=
:( Sites and Ser,ices and nsloo#up gc.Tmsdcs.
To find the in EC from the command line you can try using (SQ$E=Y command.
ds-uery ser,er -isgc to find all the ECMs in the forest
you can try ds-uery ser,er -forest -isgc.
)F
What are the physical components of Active 1irectory?
(omain controllers and Sites. (omain controllers are physical computers which are
running 0indows Ser,er operating system and :cti,e (irectory data ase. Sites are a
networ# segment ased on geographical location and which contains multiple domain
controllers in each site.
What are the logical components of Active 1irectory?
(omains* >rgani!ational $nits* trees and forests are logical components of :cti,e
(irectory.
What are the Active 1irectory 3artitions?
:cti,e (irectory dataase is di,ided into different partitions such as Schema partition*
(omain partition* and Configuration partition. :part from these partitions* we can create
:pplication partition ased on the re-uirement.
What is group nesting?
:dding one group as a memer of another group is called Lgroup nestingM. This will help
for easy administration and reduced replication traffic.
What is the feature of 1omain Local Croup?
(omain local groups are mainly used for granting access to networ# resources.: (omain
local group can contain accounts from any domain* gloal groups from any domain and
uni,ersal groups from any domain. %or e"ample* if you want to grant permission to a
printer located at (omain :* to 1. users from (omain '* then create a Eloal group in
(omain ' and add all 1. users into that Eloal group. Then* create a (omain local group
at (omain :* and add Eloal group of (omain ' to (omain local group of (omain :*
then* add (omain local group of (omain : to the printerHof (omain :I security :C1.
=ow will you ta#e Active 1irectory !ac#up ?
:cti,e (irectory is ac#ed up along with System State data. System state data includes
1ocal registry* C>MK* 'oot files* 9T(S.(&T and SYSP>1 folder. System state can e
ac#ed up either using MicrosoftMs default 9T':CN$; tool or third party tools such as
Symantech 9et'ac#up* &'M Ti,oli Storage Manager etc.
1o we use clustering in Active 1irectory ? Why ?
9o one installs :cti,e (irectory in a cluster. There is no need of clustering a domain
controller. 'ecause :cti,e (irectory pro,ides total redundancy with two or more ser,ers.
)G
What is Active 1irectory 8ecycle 'in ?
:cti,e (irectory =ecycle in is a feature of 0indows Ser,er )..F :(. &t helps to
restore accidentally deleted :cti,e (irectory o?ects without using a ac#ed up :(
dataase* reooting domain controller or restarting any ser,ices.
=ow do you chec# currently forest and domain functional levels? /ay !oth C9I
and 2ommand line.
To find out forest and domain functional le,els in E$& mode* open :($C* right clic# on
the domain name and ta#e properties. 'oth domain and forest functional le,els will e
listed there. T> find out forest and domain functional le,els* you can use (SQ$E=Y
command.
Which version of Ler!eros is used for Windows G)))"G))F and G))A Active
1irectory ?
:ll ,ersions of 0indows Ser,er :cti,e (irectory use Nereros 5.
0ame few port num!ers related to Active 1irectory ?
Nereros FF* 1(:; /FG* (9S 5/* SM' 555
What is an .Q10 ?
%Q(9 can e e"panded as %ully Qualified (omain 9ame.&t is a hierarchy of a domain
name system which points to a de,ice in the domain at its left most end. %or e"ample in
system.
=ave you heard of A1A2 ?
:(:C- :cti,e (irectory :dministrati,e Center is a new E$& tool came with 0indows
Ser,er )..F =)* which pro,ides enhanced data management e"perience to the admin.
:(:C helps administrators to perform common :cti,e (irectory o?ect management
tas# across multiple domains with the same :(:C instance.
=ow many o!<ects can !e created in Active 1irectory? >!oth G))F and G))A-
:s per Microsoft* a single :( domain controller can create around ).15 illion o?ects
during its lifetime.
4xplain the process !etween a user providing his 1omain credential to his
wor#station and the des#top !eing loaded? ;r how the A1 authentication wor#s ?
0hen a user enters a user name and password* the computer sends the user name to the
N(C. The N(C contains a master dataase of uni-ue long term #eys for e,ery principal
/.
in its realm. The N(C loo#s up the userMs master #ey HN:I* which is ased on the userMs
password. The N(C then creates two itemsB a session #ey HS:I to share with the user and
a Tic#et-Eranting Tic#et HTETI. The TET includes a second copy of the S:* the user
name* and an e"piration time. The N(C encrypts this tic#et y using its own master #ey
HNN(CI* which only the N(C #nows. The client computer recei,es the information from
the N(C and runs the userMs password through a one-way hashing function* which
con,erts the password into the userMs N:. The client computer now has a session #ey and
a TET so that it can securely communicate with the N(C. The client is now
authenticated to the domain and is ready to access other resources in the domain y using
the Nereros protocol.
3L /QL
What are the various types of queries ?
Answer: The types of queries are:
Normal Queries
Sub Queries
Co-related queries
Nested queries
Compound queries
What is a transaction ?
Answer: A transaction is a set of SQL statements between any two CO!T and
"OLL#AC$ statements%
What is implicit cursor and how is it used by Oracle ?
Answer: An implicit cursor is a cursor which is internally created by Oracle%!t is
created by Oracle for each indi&idual SQL%
Which of the following is not a schema object : Indexes, tables, public
synonyms, triggers and pacages ?
Answer: 'ublic synonyms
What is !"#$%"?
Answer: 'L(SQL is Oracle)s 'rocedural Lan*ua*e e+tension to SQL%The
lan*ua*e includes ob,ect oriented pro*rammin* techniques such as
encapsulation- function o&erloadin*- information hidin* .all but inheritance/- and
so- brin*s state-of-the-art pro*rammin* to the Oracle database ser&er and a
&ariety of Oracle tools%
/1
Is there a !"#$%" &ngine in $%"'!lus?
Answer: No%0nli1e Oracle 2orms- SQL3'lus does not ha&e a 'L(SQL
en*ine%Thus- all your 'L(SQL are send directly to the database en*ine for
e+ecution%This ma1es it much more efficient as SQL statements are not stripped
off and send to the database indi&idually%
Is there a limit on the si(e of a !"#$%" bloc?
Answer: Currently- the ma+imum parsed(compiled si4e of a 'L(SQL bloc1 is 56$
and the ma+imum code si4e is 788$%9ou can run the followin* select statement
to query the si4e of an e+istin* pac1a*e or procedure% SQL: select 3 from
dba;ob,ect;si4e where name < )procedure;name)

)an one read#write files from !"#$%"?
Answer: !ncluded in Oracle =%> is a 0TL;2!L? pac1a*e that can read and write
files%The directory you intend writin* to has to be in your !N!T%O"A file .see
0TL;2!L?;@!"<%%%parameter/%
#efore Oracle =%> the only means of writin* a file was to use @#S;O0T'0T
with the SQL3'lus S'OOL command%
@?CLA"?
fileAandler 0TL;2!L?%2!L?;T9'?B
#?C!N
fileAandler :< 0TL;2!L?%2O'?N.)(home(oracle(tmp)- )myoutput)-)D)/B
0TL;2!L?%'0T2.fileAandler- )Ealue of func7 is Fsn)- func7.7//B
0TL;2!L?%2CLOS?.fileAandler/B
?N@B
*ow can I protect my !"#$%" source code?
Answer: 'L(SQL EG%G- a&ailable with Oracle=%G- implements a binary wrapper for
'L(SQL pro*rams to protect the source code%This is done &ia a standalone utility
that transforms the 'L(SQL source code into portable binary ob,ect code
.somewhat lar*er than the ori*inal/%This way you can distribute software without
ha&in* to worry about e+posin* your proprietary al*orithms and
methods%SQL3'lus and SQL3@#A will still understand and 1now how to e+ecute
such scripts%Hust be careful- there is no IdecodeI command a&ailable% The synta+
is: wrap name<myscript%sql
oname<++++%yyy
)an one use dynamic $%" within !"#$%"? O+ )an you use a ,," in a
procedure ? *ow ?
Answer: 2rom 'L(SQL EG%7 one can use the @#S;SQL pac1a*e to e+ecute
dynamic SQL statements%
?*: C"?AT? O" "?'LAC? '"OC?@0"? @9NSQL AS
cur inte*erB
rc inte*erB
#?C!N
/)
cur :< @#S;SQL%O'?N;C0"SO"B
@#S;SQL%'A"S?.cur-)C"?AT? TA#L? J .9 @AT?/)-
@#S;SQL%NAT!E?/B
rc :< @#S;SQL%?J?C0T?.cur/B
@#S;SQL%CLOS?;C0"SO".cur/B
?N@B
What are the various types of &xceptions ?
Answer: 0ser defined and 'redefined ?+ceptions%
)an we define exceptions twice in same bloc ?
Answer: No%
What is the difference between a procedure and a function ?
Answer: 2unctions return a sin*le &ariable by &alue whereas procedures do not
return any &ariable by &alue%"ather they return multiple &ariables by passin*
&ariables by reference throu*h their O0T parameter%
)an you have two functions with the same name in a !"#$%" bloc ?
Answer: 9es%
)an you have two stored functions with the same name ?
Answer: 9es%
)an you call a stored function in the constraint of a table ?
Answer: No%
What are the various types of parameter modes in a procedure ?
Answer: !N- O0T AN@ !NO0T%
What is Over "oading and what are its restrictions ?
Answer: O&erLoadin* means an ob,ect performin* different functions dependin*
upon the no%of parameters or the data type of the parameters passed to it%
)an functions be overloaded ?
Answer: 9es%
)an - functions have same name . input parameters but differ only by
return datatype
Answer: No%
//
What are the constructs of a procedure, function or a pacage ?
Answer: The constructs of a procedure- function or a pac1a*e are :
&ariables and constants
cursors
e+ceptions
Why )reate or +eplace and not ,rop and recreate procedures ?
Answer: So that Crants are not dropped%
)an you pass parameters in pacages ? *ow ?
Answer: 9es%9ou can pass parameters to procedures or functions in a pac1a*e%
What are the parts of a database trigger ?
Answer: The parts of a tri**er are:
/ triggering event or statement
A tri**er restriction
A tri**er action
What are the various types of database triggers ?
Answer: There are 7G types of tri**ers- they are combination of :
!nsert- @elete and 0pdate Tri**ers%
#efore and After Tri**ers%
"ow and Statement Tri**ers%
Dhat is the ad&anta*e of a stored procedure o&er a database tri**er K
Answer: De ha&e control o&er the firin* of a stored procedure but we ha&e no
control o&er the firin* of a tri**er%
What is the maximum no0of statements that can be specified in a trigger
statement ?
Answer: One%
)an views be specified in a trigger statement ?
Answer: No
What are the values of :new and :old in Insert#,elete#1pdate 2riggers ?
Answer: !NS?"T : new < new &alue- old < N0LL
@?L?T? : new < N0LL- old < old &alue
0'@AT? : new < new &alue- old < old &alue
What are cascading triggers? What is the maximum no of cascading
triggers at a time?
Answer: Dhen a statement in a tri**er body causes another tri**er to be fired-
the tri**ers are said to be cascadin*%a+ < >G%
/5
What are mutating triggers ?
Answer: A tri**er *i&in* a S?L?CT on the table on which the tri**er is written%
What are constraining triggers ?
Answer: A tri**er *i&in* an !nsert(0pdat e on a table ha&in* referential inte*rity
constraint on the tri**erin* table%
,escribe Oracle database3s physical and logical structure ?
Answer:
'hysical : @ata files- "edo Lo* files- Control file%
Lo*ical : Tables- Eiews- Tablespaces- etc%

)an you increase the si(e of a tablespace ? *ow ?
Answer: 9es- by addin* datafiles to it%
)an you increase the si(e of datafiles ? *ow ?
Answer: No .for Oracle =%8/
9es .for Oracle =%> by usin* the "esi4e clause /
What is the use of )ontrol files ?
Answer: Contains pointers to locations of &arious data files- redo lo* files- etc%
What is the use of ,ata ,ictionary ?
Answer: !t 0sed by Oracle to store information about &arious physical and lo*ical
Oracle structures e%*%Tables- Tablespaces- datafiles- etc
What are the advantages of clusters ?
Answer: Access time reduced for ,oins%
What are the disadvantages of clusters ?
Answer: The time for !nsert increases%
)an "ong#"ong +/W be clustered ?
Answer: No%
)an null eys be entered in cluster index, normal index ?
Answer: 9es%
)an )hec constraint be used for self referential integrity ? *ow ?
Answer: 9es%!n the CA?C$ condition for a column of a table- we can reference
some other column of the same table and thus enforce self referential inte*rity%
What are the min0extents allocated to a rollbac extent ?
Answer: Two
/5
What are the states of a rollbac segment ? What is the difference between
partly available and needs recovery ?
Answer: The &arious states of a rollbac1 se*ment are :
ONL!N?
O22L!N?
'A"TL9 AEA!LA#L?
N??@S "?COE?"9
!NEAL!@%
What is the difference between unique ey and primary ey ?
Answer: 0nique 1ey can be nullB 'rimary 1ey cannot be null%
/n insert statement followed by a create table statement followed by
rollbac ? Will the rows be inserted ?
Answer: No%
)an you define multiple savepoints ?
Answer: 9es%
)an you +ollbac to any savepoint ?
Answer: 9es%
What is the maximum no0of columns a table can have ?
Answer: GL6%
What is the significance of the . and .. operators in !" $%" ?
Answer: The M operator means that the 'L SQL bloc1 requires user input for a
&ariable%The MM operator means that the &alue of this &ariable should be the
same as inputted by the user pre&iously for this same &ariable
)an you pass a parameter to a cursor ?
Answer: ?+plicit cursors can ta1e parameters- as the e+ample below shows%A
cursor parameter can appear in a query where&er a constant can appear%
C0"SO" c7 .median !N N0#?"/ !S
S?L?CT ,ob- ename 2"O emp DA?"? sal : medianB
What are the various types of +oll4ac $egments ?
Answer: The types of "ollbac1 sa*ments are as follows :
'ublic A&ailable to all instances
'ri&ate A&ailable to specific instance
)an you use 5+ow)ount as a parameter to a cursor ?
Answer: 9es
/@
Is the query below allowed :
Select sal- ename !nto + 2rom emp Dhere ename < )$!NC) .Dhere + is a record
of Number.6/ and Char.7L//
Answer: 9es
Is the assignment given below allowed :
A#C < 'Q" .Dhere A#C and 'Q" are records/
Answer: 9es
Is this for loop allowed : 6or x in .$tart00.&nd "oop
Answer: 9es
*ow many rows will the following $%" return : $elect ' from emp Where
rownum 7 89:
Answer: N rows
*ow many rows will the following $%" return : $elect ' from emp Where
rownum ; 89:
Answer: No rows
Which symbol preceeds the path to the table in the remote database ?
Answer: O
/re views automatically updated when base tables are updated ?
Answer: 9es
)an a trigger written for a view ?
Answer: No
If all the values from a cursor have been fetched and another fetch is
issued, the output will be : error, last record or first record ?
Answer: Last "ecord
/ table has the following data : <<=, >ull, 89??0What will the average function
return ?
Answer: =%L
Is $ysdate a system variable or a system function?
Answer: System 2unction
)onsider a sequence whose currval is 8 and gets incremented by 8 by
using the nextval reference we get the next number -0$uppose at this point
we issue an rollbac and again issue a nextval0What will the output be ?
Answer: >
/A
,efinition of relational ,ata4ase by ,r0)odd @I4AB?
Answer: A "elational @atabase is a database where all data &isible to the user is
or*ani4ed strictly as tables of data &alues and where all database operations
wor1 on these tables%
What is Aulti 2hreaded $erver @A2/B ?
Answer: !n a Sin*le Threaded Architecture .or a dedicated ser&er confi*uration/
the database mana*er creates a separate process for each database user%#ut in
TA the database mana*er can assi*n multiple users .multiple user processes/
to a sin*le dispatcher .ser&er process/- a controllin* process that queues request
for wor1 thus reducin* the databases memory requirement and resources%
Which are initial +,4A$, *ierarchical . >#w database ?
Answer:
"@#S - " system
Aierarchical - !S
N(D - @#TC
,ifference between Oracle C and Oracle D
Answer:
O+/)"& D O+/)"& C
Cost based optimi4er "ule based optimi4er
Shared SQL Area SQL area allocated for each user
ulti Threaded Ser&er Sin*le Threaded Ser&er
Aash Clusters Only #-Tree inde+in*
"oll bac1 Si4e Ad,ustment No pro&ision
Truncate command No pro&ision
@istributed @atabase @istributed Query
Table replication M snapshots No pro&ision
Client(Ser&er Tech No pro&ision
What is 6unctional ,ependency?
Answer: Ci&en a relation "- attribute 9 of " is functionally dependent on attribute
J of " if and only if each J-&alue has associated with it precisely one -9 &alue in
"
What is /uditing ?
Answer: The database has the ability to audit all actions that ta1e place within it%
a/ Lo*in attempts- b/ Ob,ect Accesss- c/ @atabase Action "esult of
Createst.7-N0LL/ or Least.7-N0LL/ N0LL
While designing in client#server what are the - imp0things to be
considered ?
Answer: Networ1 O&erhead .traffic/- Speed and Load of client ser&er
/F
What are the disadvantages of $%" ?
Answer: @isad&anta*es of SQL are :
Cannot drop a field Cannot rename a field
Cannot mana*e memory 'rocedural Lan*ua*e option not pro&ided
!nde+ on &iew or inde+ on inde+ not pro&ided
Eiew updation problem
When to create indexes ?
Answer: To be created when table is queried for less than GF or 6F to GLF of
the table rows%
*ow can you avoid indexes ?
Answer: To ma1e inde+ access path una&ailable 0se 20LL hint to optimi4er for
full table scan 0se !N@?J or AN@-?Q0AL hint to optimi4er to use one inde+ or
set to inde+es instead of another% 0se an e+pression in the Dhere Clause of the
SQL%
What is the result of the following $%" : $elect 8 from dual 1>IO> $elect
3/3 from dual:
Answer: ?rror
)an database trigger written on synonym of a table and if it can be then
what would be the effect if original table is accessed0
Answer: 9es- database tri**er would fire%
)an you alter synonym of view or view ?
Answer: No
)an you create index on view
Answer: No%
What is the difference between a view and a synonym ?
Answer: Synonym is ,ust a second name of table used for multiple lin1 of
database%Eiew can be created with many tables- and with &irtual columns and
with conditions%#ut synonym can be on &iew%
What3s the length of $%" integer ?
Answer: >G bit len*th
What is the difference between foreign ey and reference ey ?
Answer: 2orei*n 1ey is the 1ey i%e%attribute which refers to another table primary
1ey% "eference 1ey is the primary 1ey of table referred by another table%
)an dual table be deleted, dropped or altered or updated or inserted ?
Answer: 9es
/G
If content of dual is updated to some value computation taes place or not
Answer: 9es
If any other table same as dual is created would it act similar to dual?
Answer: 9es
6or which relational operators in where clause, index is not used ?
Answer: P: - li1e )F%%%) is NOT functions- field Qconstant- fieldRR))
/ssume that there are multiple databases running on one machine0*ow
can you switch from one to another ?
Answer: Chan*in* the O"ACL?;S!@
Dhat are the ad&anta*es of Oracle K
Answer: 'ortability : Oracle is ported to more platforms than any of its
competitors- runnin* on more than 788 hardware platforms and G8 networ1in*
protocols% ar1et 'resence : Oracle is by far the lar*est "@#S &endor and
spends more on " M @ than most of its competitors earn in total re&enue%This
mar1et clout means that you are unli1ely to be left in the lurch by Oracle and
there are always lots of third party interfaces a&ailable% #ac1up and "eco&ery :
Oracle pro&ides industrial stren*th support for on-line bac1up and reco&ery and
*ood software fault tolerence to dis1 failure%9ou can also do point-in-time
reco&ery% 'erformance : Speed of a )tuned) Oracle @atabase and application is
quite *ood- e&en with lar*e databases%Oracle can mana*e : 788C# databases%
ultiple database support : Oracle has a superior ability to mana*e multiple
databases within the same transaction usin* a two-phase commit protocol%

Dhat is a forward declaration K Dhat is its use K
Answer: 'L(SQL requires that you declare an identifier before usin* it%Therefore-
you must declare a subpro*ram before callin* it%This declaration at the start of a
subpro*ram is called forward declaration%A forward declaration consists of a
subpro*ram specification terminated by a semicolon%
Dhat are actual and formal parameters K
Answer: Actual 'arameters : Subpro*rams pass information usin*
parameters%The &ariables or e+pressions referenced in the parameter list of a
subpro*ram call are actual parameters%2or e+ample- the followin* procedure call
lists two actual parameters named emp;num and amount:
?*%raise;salary.emp;num- amount/B2ormal 'arameters : The &ariables declared
in a subpro*ram specification and referenced in the subpro*ram body are formal
parameters%2or e+ample- the followin* procedure declares two formal
parameters named emp;id and increase:
?*%'"OC?@0"? raise;salary .emp;id !NT?C?"- increase "?AL/ !S
current;salary "?ALB
5.
Dhat are the types of Notation K
Answer: 'osition- Named- i+ed and "estrictions%
Dhat all important parameters of the init%ora are supposed to be increased if you
want to increase the SCA si4e K
Answer: !n our case- db;bloc1;buffers was chan*ed from 58 to 7888 .std &alues
are 58- LL8 M >L88/ shared;pool;si4e was chan*ed from >%L# to N# .std
&alues are >%L- L M N#/ open;cursors was chan*ed from G88 to >88 .std &alues
are G88 M >88/ db;bloc1;si4e was chan*ed from G86S .G$/ to 68N5 .6$/ Tat the
time of database creationU% The initial SCA was around 6# when the ser&er
"A was >G# and The new SCA was around 7># when the ser&er "A was
increased to 7GS#%
!f ! ha&e an e+ecute pri&ile*e on a procedure in another users schema- can !
e+ecute his procedure e&en thou*h ! do not ha&e pri&ile*es on the tables within
the procedure K
Answer: 9es
Dhat are &arious types of ,oins K
Answer: Types of ,oins are:
?qui,oins
Non-equi,oins
self ,oin
outer ,oin
Dhat is a pac1a*e cursor K
Answer: A pac1a*e cursor is a cursor which you declare in the pac1a*e
specification without an SQL statement%The SQL statement for the cursor is
attached dynamically at runtime from callin* procedures%
!f you insert a row in a table- then create another table and then say "ollbac1%!n
this case will the row be inserted K
Answer: 9es%#ecause Create table is a @@L which commits automatically as
soon as it is e+ecuted%The @@L commits the transaction e&en if the create
statement fails internally .e* table already e+ists error/ and not syntactically%
51
I>2+O,1)2IO> +&!O+2 ,&E&"O!&+
80 The combination of pro&idin* information and enablin* additional in&esti*ation
of that information is commonly referred to as
A% #usiness "ules #% #usiness 2unctions C% #usiness !ntelli*ence
@% #usiness !nte*ration Answer: C
-0 Dhat is the OracleVs set of inte*rated #usiness !ntelli*ence .#!/ tools that allow
you to seamlessly mo&e between the roles of information consumer and
information in&esti*atorK .Choose Two/
A% OracleNi Darehouse #uilder #% OrcleNi 2orms @e&eloper
C% OrcleNi ?-#usiness Suite @% OrcleNi AS @isco&erer
Answer: A- @
>0 ?nterprise reportin* pro&ides and or*ani4ation with si*nificant benefits% !n
order to obtain those benefits howe&er- a number of challen*es need to be met-
includin* .Choose three/
A% Ai*h performance and scalability #% Low performance and hi*h scalability
C% Ai*h quality reports @% "educe time to mar1et
Answer: A- C- @
F0 Dhat are true about the Deb 'ublishin*K .Choose Two/
A% !t does not ha&e the limitation of pa*e si4e
#% !ma*es- color- Ha&aScript and animation are restricted
C% #oo1mar1s and hyperlin1s canVt performs on Deb 'ublishin*
@% Deb specific features- such as boo1mar1s and hyperlin1s- can also aid the
user in na&i*ation
Answer: A- @
5)
L% A paper report has characteristics that include ri*id *eometric restrictions-
headers- and footers repeated on each pa*e- and hi*her resolution allowin*
more details to be presented to the end user as once- *i&in* the end user the
option of printin* the output and the ability to WstudyX the data%
A% True #% 2alse
Answer: A
5% Dhich three are benefits of OracleNi reportsK .Choose three/
A% 'ublish data from any source- in any format- with hi*h fidelity
#% @e&elop one time and deploy anywhere
C% Open- standards-based- modular architecture
@% 'ro&ides all OracleNi tools to production database
Answer: A- #- C
=% Dhich three is OracleNi 'roducts that pro&ides the complete solutionsK
.Choose Two/
A% OracleNi e-business suite #% OracleNi @isco&erer C% OracleNi @atabase
@% OracleNi @e&eloper Suite
Answer: C- @
S% Dhich ser&ices pro&ides by OracleNi @S Application @e&elopmentK .Choose
all that apply/
A% odelin* #% "apid Application @e&elopment."A@/
C% HG?? and Deb Ser&ices @% Oracle connecti&ity for Ha&a .OC6H/
Answer: A- #- C
5/
N% OracleNi Application Ser&er consists of a set of ser&ices and utilities that can
be used to implement applications in a distributed en&ironment for scalability and
reliability% These are .Choose all that apply/
A% Communication Ser&ices #% 'resentation Ser&ices
C% #usiness Lo*ic Ser&ices @% @ata ana*ement Ser&ices
Answer: A- #- C - @
78% Dhich can pro&ides a *raphical interface for mappin* and transformationK
A% OrcleNi Application Ser&er #% OrcleNi #usiness !ntelli*ence
C% OrcleNi "eport @e&eloper @% OrcleNi Darehouse #uilder
Answer: @
77% Dhich can enable you to access any data- publish it in any format- and send
it to any destinationK
A% OrcleNi #usiness ana*er Console #% OrcleNi @isco&erer
C% OrcleNi "eport @e&eloper @% OrcleNi Darehouse #uilder
Answer: C
7G% Dhich are not of "eports @e&eloperK
A% 0ser-friendly Di4ard #% 'lu**able report templates
C% D9S!D9C li&e editor for paper reports @% Customi4able 2orms templates
Answer: @
7>% OracleNi AS "eports Ser&ices can pro&ide toK .Choose Three/
A% 2le+ible "eportin* #% "educed O&erhead C% 2ast @istribution
@% Comple+ Codin*- but easy uses
Answer: A- #- C
55
76% !n a Deb en&ironment- OracleNi AS "eports Ser&ices can consists of four
tiers% Dhat are theseK .Choose four/
A% The "emote Ser&er Tier #% The Client Tier .a Deb #rowser/
C% The Deb Ser&er Tier @% The OracleNi AS "eports Ser&ices Tier
?% The @ata Tier .@atabases and 'lu**able date ser&ices/
Answer: #- C- @- ?
7L% Dhat are the ma,or components of Oracle Ni AS "eports Ser&icesK .Choose
Three/
A% Oracle Ni AS ATT' Ser&er #% "eports Ser&let and HS' C% 2orms Ser&let
@% "eports Ser&er
Answer: A- #- @
8C0 ?nterprise reportin* offers a number of important benefits% These are
includes .Choose three/
A% Didenin* the reach of information access
#% Lower the cost of computin*
C% Ai*her the computin* cost- but performance is e+cellent%
@% Allowin* for e+tensible business intelli*ence
Answer: A- #- @
8D0 Dhat are true about the Deb 'ublishin*K .Choose Two/
A% !t does not ha&e the limitation of pa*e si4e
#% !ma*es- color- Ha&aScript and animation are restricted
C% #oo1mar1s and hyperlin1s can not performs on Deb 'ublishin*
@% Deb specific features- such as boo1mar1s and hyperlin1s- can also aid the
user in na&i*ation
Answer: A- @
55
7S% The ma,or component of oracle NiAS "eport Ser&ice are;
aB +eport server bB +eport engine c/ Application ser&er
d/ Application en*ine
7N% Oracle Ni @S #usiness !ntelli*ence !nclude;
a/ ?LT bB &2" cB &nd user query and analyses
dB &nterprise reporting
G8% Oracle Ni Application @e&elopment are;
aB Aodeling bB G-&& cB +/, dB 2eam $upport
e/ 'L(SQL
G7% #enefits of report de&eloper are;
aB !ublish data from any source0
bB ,evelop your report once0
cB +eports use a modular architecture%
d/ None of the abo&e is benefit- they are features%
GG% Oracle Ni AS reports Ser&ice can consist of ;
a/ Two tiers b/ Three tiers cB 6our tiers d/ 2i&e tiers
G>% The ;;;;;;;; report style is the only style in which a detail *roup is related
to two different master *roup that the same *roup
a/ Tabular b/ aster-detail c/ aster and multiple details
dB Aatrix
G6% Dhich type of report considers usin* an ATL template for your reportsK
a/ 'aper reports bB Web reports c/ 'aper and Deb reports
5@
GL0 9ou can call a report from YYY%% .Chose all that apply/
aB / button in a 6orms application
bB / database trigger cB / Web browser dB / Gava application
G5% Dhich is not true for web pa*e .web publishin*/-
aB Is very fluid0 "imitation of page si(e0
#% comes ali&e with ima*es% c% Can contain as much or as little data as you wish%
d% None of abo&e
G=%HG?? stands for Z
/B Gava - !latform &nterprise &dition0
#/ Ha&a G ?nterprise ?dition% c/ Ha&a 'latform ?nterprise ?dition%
@/ Ha&a for 'latform ?nterprise ?dition%
GS% Dhich abbre&iations correct
/ 0 4)FGH 4usiness )omponents for java0
#% JL- ?+tended ar1up lan*ua*e%
C Z ?nterprise Ha&a Ser&er #eans%
@%C!2- Craphical !nterface for Ha&a
GN% OracleNiAS "eports Ser&ices-.choose three/
80 a0 a component of oracle Ii/$
-0 b0 fast distribution
J0 c0 +educe )ost
6% A component of oracle form builder%
7% !n desi*nin* a report which one of the followin* supports the requirement M the
most effecti&e way to retrie&e data-
A% Style #% Structure C% Specification @% 'ublishin* medium%
Answer: #
5A
G% !n a master detail report- the headin* of the master *roup appear
A% To the left of field #% To the ri*ht of field C% Abo&e field
@% #eside the field%
Answer: A
>% To run a web layout .Choose two/
A% Select pro*ram: web layout
#% Select Start: 'ro*ram: "un web layout
C% Select pro*ram: "un web layout from the menu
@% Clic1 the "un web layout iconic button on the hori4ontal toolbar%
Answer: C- @
6% Dhich one of the followin* statement is trueK
A% The matri+ style is the only style in which a master *roup is related to two
different detail *roups at the same le&el%
#% The matri+ style is the only style in which a detail *roup is related to a master
*roup at the same le&el%
C% The matri+ style is the only style in which a master *roup is related to a detail
*roup at the same le&el%
@% The matri+ style is the only style in which a detail *roup is related to two
different master *roups at the same le&el%
Answer: @
L% To run a paper layout .Choose all that apply/
A% Select pro*ram: 'aper layout
#% Select pro*ram: "un paper layout from the menu
C% Select pro*ram: "un paper layout
@% Clic1 the run paper layout iconic button on the &ertical toolbar
5F
?% Clic1 the run paper layout iconic button on the hori4ontal toolbar%
Answer: #- ?
5% Dhich are the ways of runnin* reportK
A% A button in a 2orms application
#% The Oracle Ni AS "eport Queue ana*er
C% A Ha&a application
@% A database tri**er
?% The command line- usin* the start: "un option in Dindows NT%
Answer: A- #- C- @- ?
=% #y selectin* Tools : 2ile Con&ersion from the menu- we can con&ert a
A% %+ml file to a %htm file
#% %,sp file to a %rep file
C% %re+ file to a %rdf file
@% %htm file to a %+ml file
Answer: C
S% Select the true statement ( statements
A% "@2- binary file with source code
#% "?'- binary file without source code
C% "@2- binary file without source code
@% "?'- binary file containin* source code
Answer: A- #
5G
N% De can pre&iew a report in "eports #uilder usin* .Choose all that apply/
A% "un Deb Layout #% "un 'aper Layout C% "un 're&iew
@% "un 'rint 're&iew
Answer: A- #- @
78% Dhich should be considered in case of web reportsK
A% 0sin* no template #% 0sin* a predefined template
C% 0sin* a Ha&a template @% 0sin* an ATL template%
Answer: @
7% Dhat is the Oracle Ni report e+ecutable pattern in Dindows NTK
A% rw PK:%e+e #% rw.PK: C% rwc*i @% r&or*m
Answer: A
G% Ser&let is a
A% report builder #% Ha&a application C% Ser&er application
@% @e&eloper e+ecutables
Answer: #
>% Dhich is(are report builder moduleK .Chose Three/
A% @ata model #% Template C% "eport le&el @% 'L(SQL library
?% Tri**er 2% "eport C% Attached library
Answer: #- @- 2
6% @ata model can be shared by the paper and web layoutsK
A% 2alse #% True
Answer: #
5.
L% !n which &iew- the items in the layout menu are selectable onlyK
A% @ata odel #% 'aper desi*n C% 'aper layout @% web source
Answer: C
5% Dhich wi4ard enables to create HS' reportK
A% @ata wi4ard #% Craph wi4ard C% "eport bloc1 wi4ard
@% "eport wi4ard
Answer: C
=% Dhich &iews pro&ide(display a structural representation of the data in a reportK
A% Deb source #% @ata model C% 'aper desi*n @% 'aper layout
Answer: #
S% De can ma1e commonly required modification- such as spacin*- formattin*
color- editin* te+t in:
A% 'aper layout #% 'aper desi*n C% @ata model @% 'aper parameter form
Answer: #
N% Dhat is synta+ paletteK
A% odeless window #% 'ro*ram C% 'ro*rammin* Tool @% Application
Answer: C
78% Aow many cate*ories are there in report model ob,ectK
A% Three #% 2our C% 2i&e @% Two
Answer: #
77% 'L(SQL pro*ram units contain functions and procedures which can be called
from report le&el ob,ects in the same reportK
A% True #% 2alse
Answer: A
51
7G% Dith the e+ception of parameters- where can a de&eloper create all ob,ectsK
A% Ob,ect na&i*ator% #% Synta+ 'alette C% "ele&ant ?ditor%@% 'roperty !nstructor%
Answer: C
7>% !n !@# database- a user wants to create or modify a parameter% As a
de&eloper where you su**est him to create or modify itK
A% 'roperty !nspector% #% Ob,ect Na&i*ator% C% "ele&ant ?ditor% @% 'aper layout%
Answer: #
76% !n which path a report searches to locate [,a&a ob,ectsVK
A% "?'O"TS;"?SO0"C?S% #% "?'O"TS;'ATA%
C% "?'O"TS;CLASS'ATA% @% "?'O"TS;T'%
Answer: C
7L% !n a report user wants to obser&e the parameter- where should he *o to see
the parameter/
A% 'aper 'arameter 2orm% #% @atabase% C% Ob,ect Na&i*ator% @% @ata odel
Eiew%
Answer: C
75% !n the W'referenceX use chan*es the [unit of measurementV% @oes the
alternation of this settin* affect an e+istin* report definitionK
A% No% #% 9es%
Answer: A
7=% Dhat are the main layout ob,ect cate*ories of the 'aper LayoutK
A% 'arameter% #% 2ield% C% Column% @% #oilerplate%
?% 2rame%
Answer: #- @- ?
5)
7S% 9ou want to maintain the ["eport builder 'reference ToolsV- but whereK
A% init%ora% #% ca*refs%ora% C% prefs%ora% @% cauprefs%ora%
Answer: @
8I0 In command line which command invoe +eport 4uilder
7% rwrun%e+e
G% rwclient%e+e
>% rwser&er%e+e
F0 rwbuilder0exe
-902he report builder interface enables you to create number of different
type of modules0 2he modules are @)hoose all that applyB
7% enu
-0 b0 +eport
J0 c0 2emplates
6% d% Ob,ect Library
=0 e0 !"#$%" "ibrary
-80/ report can consist of: @)hoose 2hreeB
80 f0 / data model and a paper layout0
-0 g0 / data model and a Web layout0
>% A data model- a paper layout and no Deb layout
6% A data model- no paper layout and a Deb layout
=0 j0 / data model, a paper layout, and a Web layout0
--0+eport 4uilder components are @)hoose 6ourB
80 0 !"#$%" &ditor
-0 l0 +eport &ditor
>% Ob,ect Library
6% enu ?ditor
=0 o0 Object >avigator
C0 p0 !roperty Inspector
-J02he wi(ard in +eport 4uilder is @areB : @)hoose all that applyB
80 q0 +eport Wi(ard
-0 r0 +eport 4loc Wi(ard
J0 s0 ,ata Wi(ard
6% @ata #loc1 Di4ard
=0 u0 Kraph Wi(ard
5/
-F0Which one is true for the report editor contains views to handle the data
objects and layout objects separately
7% @ata model- 'aper Layout- 'aper @esi*n- 'aper 'arameter 2orm
G% Deb Source- 'aper Layout- 'aper 'arameter 2orm- @ata model
J0 x0 Web $ource, !aper ,esign, !aper "ayout, ,ata model, !aper
!arameter 6orm
6% Deb Source- 'aper @esi*n- 'aper 'arameter 2orm- @ata model
GL% \\Zcontains a parameter &alueK
a/ 2rame b/ #oilerplate c/ 6ield d/ !tem
G5% "eports #uilder odules are:
aB +eport bB 2emplate c/ @ata dB !"#$%" "ibrary
G=% ;;;;;;; help you quic1ly define or modify a query for a multi query data
models%
e/ "eport Di4ard aB ,ata Wi(ard b/ Craph Di4ard
c/ "eport bloc1 Di4ard
GS%9ou are creatin* an application on a Dindows 'C- and you want to test a
form%
Dhat are two ways to start an OC6H instance on the 'CK .Choose two/
A% 2rom the 2orms #uilder menu%
#% 2rom the Dindows Start menu%
C% #y e+ecutin* a batch file that is included with OracleNi@S%
@% 2rom the test form that is included with OracleNi@S%
?% 2rom the ATL front end .runform%htm/ that is included with OracleNi@S%
2% #y runnin* a 2orms #uilder form- which automatically starts OC6H%
Answer: #- C
55
-I09ou ha&e started an instance of OC6H to test a 2orms application on your
de&elopment 'C%
Aow should you cleanly shut down the OC6H instanceK
A% Close the window from which OC6H started%
#% a1e a section from the 2orms #uilder menu%
C% ?+ecute a batch file that is included with OracleNi@S%
@% Close 2orms #uilder- which automatically shuts down OC6H%
?% ?+it all runnin* forms and close the browser- which automatically shuts down
OC6H%
Answer: C
J909ou start an OC6H instance on your de&elopment 'C and then run a form
from the 2orms #uilder%
Dhich statement describes the beha&ior of OH6HK
A% !t appears in the 2orms #uilder window- which you can minimi4e after OC6H
starts%
#% !t appears in a separate window- which you can close after OC6H starts%
C% !t appears in the 2orms #uilder window- which you can close after OC6H
starts%
@% !t appears in a separate window- which you should not close or the OC6H
instance will abort%
?% !t appears in a separate window- which you should not minimi4e of the OC6H
instance will abort%
Answer: @
J80emory conser&ation is a priority% One application that may allow memory to
be con&ersed is 'ayroll- because users rarely will use all the 2orms items in the
'ayroll application%
Aow can you set up the 'ayroll application to lead only the items neededK
55
A% Create one form with se&eral data bloc1s- and limit the na&i*ation cycle to
1eep less used data bloc1s from loadin*%
#% Create one form with se&eral data bloc1s- map each data bloc1 to a different
database table- and display only the items needed%
C% Allow the Auman "esources @epartment users access only to items that will
require updates%
@% odulari4e the application by creatin* many small forms and *roupin*
frequently used items%
Answer: @
7% Dhich is not report module componentK
A% @ata model #% Deb source C% "eport tri**er @% 'ro*ram units
Answer: C
G% Dhich of the followin* contains formattin* information and standard
information such as company lo*oK
A% Labels #% Template C% 2ields @% @ata Source
Answer: #
>% Dhich is not the &alid data source typeK
A% H@#C query #% Sql query C% Te+t query @% AT query
Answer: @
6% !f we define the same table more than once- what does query builder createK
A% Eiew #% Alias C% Synonym @% None of this
Answer: #
L% De canVt alter the sequence of displayed fields by dra**in* one field abo&e or
below another in the list%
A% True #% 2alse
Answer: #
5@
5% !n tabular report if the initial label is wider than the field what happens
A% "eport builder *enerates an error
#% "eport builder donVt allows enou*h space
C% "eport builder displays it on multiple lines
@% "eport builder remo&es additional part
Answer: C
=% Dhich e+tension is recommended format for storin* paper reportsK
A% "@2 #% '@2 C% HS' @% JL
Answer: A
S% !n which style each record appears on a new pa*eK
A% Tabular #% 2orm C% Croup left @% Croup abo&e
Answer: #
N% Dhen we choose the matri+ report which three new tab pa*e displaysK
A% "ows #% Column C% Croups @% Cell
Answer: A- #- @
78% Dhich two output we need to *enerate of our report in order to display in web
browserK
A% ATL #% "@2 C% '@2 @% HS'
Answer: A- C
77% Dhich of the followin* ha&e to use for ATL style sheetsK
A% 'a*inated JL #% 'a*inated '@2 C% 'a*inated ATL
@% 'a*inated ATLCSS
Answer: @
5A
7G% At query builder we ha&e to double-clic1 the table title bar to select all
columns%
A% True #% 2alse
Answer: A
7>%9ou want to create a new data bloc1% 9ou clic1 the @ata #loc1s node in the
Ob,ect Na&i*ator- and then
you clic1 Create to in&o1e the Create @ata #loc1 dialo* bo+% As you clic1 throu*h
the pa*es of the
wi4ard- the pa*e shown in the e+hibit appears%
After loo1in* at the e+hibit- what do you 1now is true about this formK
A% The bloc1 you are creatin* is based on a &iew%
#% The bloc1 you are creatin* is based on a stored procedure%
C% The form contains at least one bloc1 in addition to the bloc1 you are creatin*%
@% !n addition to the bloc1 you are creatin*- the form contains at least two other
bloc1s that are master-detail bloc1s%
?% The bloc1 you are creatin* is based on a table that has at least one forei*n
1ey relationship to another table%
Answer: C
8F0 %Dhich circumstance will cause the @ata #loc1 Di4ard to display the aster-
@etail pa*eK
A% Dhen you are creatin* a control bloc1%
#% Dhen there is an e+istin* bloc1 in the form%
C% Dhen you chec1 the ?nforce @ata !nte*rity chec1 bo+%
@% Dhen a forei*n 1ey e+ists in the database which relates to the table you are
usin* as a @ata source%
Answer: #
5F
7L%% Aow would you associate @atabase Tables with form ob,ects in order to
access the tables from a formK
A% Create a data bloc1 and base it on all database tables you need to access%
#% Create a control bloc1 and associate its items with columns from database
tables%
C% Create a data bloc1 for each database table you need to access%
@% Create a control bloc1 and associate its items with data bloc1s that are based
on database tables%
Answer: C
75% Dhich three options does the @ata #loc1 Di4ard allow you to select as a data
source for a bloc1K .Choose three/
A% Eiew #% Table C% No @ata Source @% Stored 'rocedure
?% Table of "ecords 2% 2rom Clause Query C% Transactional Tri**er
Answer: A- #- @
7% The 'aper @esi*n is a &iew of report output that
A% Allows li&e editin* of pa*e
#% Allows li&e editin* of te+t and paper layout attributes:
C% Allows li&e editin* of te+t and *raphics @% All of abo&e
Answer: A- #
G% A "eportVs Common modifications are .Choose Three/
A% odify &isual attributes #% Ali*n rows C% Ali*n columns
@% Set format mas1s
Answer: A- C- @
5G
>% Dhich are effects of &isual attributeK
A% 2ill- patterns #% Colors C% Te+t colors and fonts @% All of abo&e
Answer: @
6% #y clic1in* insert menu- you can not insert in a report
A% Aeader and footer #% 'a*e number C% @ate and time @% Craph
?% "eport bloc1
Answer: A
L% anipulatin* Ob,ects you can .Chose Three/
A% Clear fields #% o&e fields C% "esi4e fields @% @elete fields
Answer: A- #- C
5% 2le+ mode button in the
A% enu bar #% Spacebar C% Style bar @% Toolbar
Answer: C
=% Dhich is not in paper desi*n windowK
A% ain menu #% Toolbar C% Tool palate @% Status bar
?% Style bar
Answer: A
S% 'aper desi*n window has a hori4ontal toolbar that contain
A% 2rame #% New function C% @atabase table @% Common function
Answer: @
@.
N% Aow to chan*e field and boilerplate font
A% Select one or more ob,ects then use the font pop-up list in the Status bar to
chan*e font face and si4e
#% Select one or more ob,ects then use the font pop-up list in the Stylebar to
C% Select one or more fields then use the font pop-up list in the Toolbar to
@% Select one or more ob,ects then use the font si4e drop-down list in the
Style bar to chan*e font face and si4e
Answer: #
78% Aow can you describe the format mas1 of date and timeK
A% Select Aelp:2ind:Time Synta+- and then select @ate and Time
2ormat mas1 Synta+ from the list of 2ormat
#% Select Aelp:2ind:@ate Synta+- and then select @ate and Time
2ormat mas1 Synta+ from the list of 2ormat
C% Select Aelp:2ind:@ate Synta+- and then select @ate and Time
2ormat mas1 Synta+ from the list of topics
@% Select Aelp:2ind:Time Synta+- and then select @ate and Time
2ormat mas1 Synta+ from the list of topics
Answer: C
77% De use le+ical reference to
A% Specify a where clause as one parameter at run time
#% Specify a order by clause as one parameter at run time
C% #oth a and b
@1
@% Specify two column names and the table names at run time
?% #oth C and @
Answer: A
7G% Dhat is important to use le+ical referenceK
A% Always use a column alias when substitutin* column names with le+ical
reference
#% Common function C% #oth of the abo&e @% None of the abo&e
Answer: A
8J0Dhy would you want to create a control bloc1 in a 2orms moduleK
A% To control all items in other bloc1s that are not base table items%
#% To control relationship between a master bloc1 and its detail bloc1%
C% To control the way additional forms are opened and to trac1 the call stac1%
@% To control na&i*ation within the form so that users cannot randomly na&i*ate
to any item%
?% To place &arious control items .such as buttons/ on a sin*le bloc1 that is not
related to a table in the database%
Answer: ?
8F09ou want to standardi4e the appearance of certain te+t items in a particular
form- so you create a Eisual
Attribute called T?JT;!T?;EA and define &alues for all of its properties%
Dhich four properties can you set by applyin* T?JT;!T?;EA to the itemsK
.Choose four/
A% Didth #% Aei*ht C% 'rompt @% 2ont Dei*ht ?% 2ill 'attern
2% 2ont Spacin* C% 2ore*round Color
Answer: @-?-2-C
@)
8=0Dhat is an indication that the @ata #loc1 Di4ard is in reentrant modeK
A% There is a tabbed interface% #% The 2inish button is disabled%
C% There are no Ne+t: or P#ac1 buttons%
@% The pa*e to create relations does not appear%
?% 9ou cannot switch between different types of data sources%
Answer: A
8C09ou are de&elopin* and testin* a 2orms application on a machine that has
plenty of memory% The Customers
bloc1- whose 'roperty 'alette is shown in the e+hibit- is based on a table that
contains a lar*e number of
records%
The initial query on the bloc1 appears quic1ly% Aowe&er- after scrollin* throu*h
hundreds of records in
the bloc1- you notice that it is ta1in* lon*er and harder to retrie&e the ne+t set of
records%
Dhat can you do to impro&e performance without losin* the fast initial responseK
A% Set Sin*le "ecord to 9es% #% Set Query All "ecords to 9es%
C% Set Query Array Si4e to a lar*er number%
@% Set Number of "ecords #uffered to a lar*er number%
?% Set Number of "ecords #uffered to a smaller number%
2% Set Number of "ecords @isplayed to a smaller number%
Answer: @
@/
8D0The @#A has informed you that two new columns ha&e been added to the
O"@?"S table% The bloc1s in the Order ?ntry form were created manually%
Aow can you use a wi4ard to modify the Orders bloc1 to include items that
corresponds to these columnsK
A% 9ou cannot use wi4ards to add a new items to add data bloc1 that was
created manually%
#% Select the last item in the Orders bloc1- then in&o1e the Layout Di4ard from
the menu%
C% Select the Orders bloc1 in the Ob,ect Na&i*ator- then in&o1e the @ata #loc1
Di4ard from the menu%
@% Select the @ata #loc1 node in the Ob,ect Na&i*ator- then in&o1e the @ata
#loc1 Di4ard from the menu%
Answer: C
8L0The Name te+t item is subclassed from a property class%
Dhich two statements are true about the $eyboard Na&i*able property of the
Name te+t item whose 'roperty 'alette is shown in the e+hibitK .Choose two/
A% !t is a &ariant property% #% !t is a default property%
C% !t is a chan*ed property% @% !t is an inherited property%
?% !t was inherited from the property class%
!f the &alue of $eyboard Na&i*able chan*es in the property class- it will chan*e in
the Name item also%
2% !t was inherited from the property class and has been chan*ed from the &alue
in the property class%
C% !t was not inherited from the property class and has been modified from the
default $eyboard Na&i*able &alue for a te+t item%
A% !t was not inherited from the property class and is the default $eyboard
Na&i*able &alue for a te+t item%
Answer: A-2
@5
7N% 9ou modify the layout of a bloc1 usin* the Layout Di4ard% Dhen you are
finished- you notice that there is an additional frame on your can&as and in the
Ob,ect Na&i*ator%
Dhy did this frame appearK
A% 9ou did not specify a frame title in the Layout Di4ard%
#% 9ou did not select a frame before in&o1in* the Layout Di4ard%
C% 9ou clic1ed the 2inish button in the Layout Di4ard without na&i*atin* throu*h
all the screens%
@% 9ou in&o1ed the Layout Di4ard from the top menu- rather than from the popup
menu that appears when you ri*ht-clic1 the can&as%
Answer: #
G8% Dhich two data bloc1 properties can be set to abort a lon* runnin* queryK
.Choose two/
A% Number of "ecords #uffered% #% Numbers of "ecords @isplayed%
C% Query Array Si4e% @% a+imum Query Time%
?% Query All "ecords% 2% a+imum "ecords 2etched%
Answer: @- 2
G7% A control bloc1s is a form bloc1 that ;;;;;%
A% @oes not ha&e items that allow input from users%
#% Can ha&e items relates to columns within database tables%
C% !s a main bloc1 in the form- and it controls other bloc1s in the form%
@% !s not associated with any database table- and its items do not relate to any
columns within any database table%
Answer: @
@5
GG% The Na&i*ation Style property is set to Chan*e "ecord for a data bloc1%
Dhat happens to the cursor when you reach the end of the current record in the
bloc1K
A% The cursor mo&es to the first record of the pre&ious ad,acent data bloc1%
#% The cursor mo&es to the pre&ious record of the same data bloc1%
C% The cursor mo&es to the ne+t record at the same data bloc1%
@% The cursor mo&es to the first record of the ne+t ad,acent data bloc1%
Answer: C
80Open an e+istin* templateB modify the template ob,ects as required% Dhat type
of file format should appropriate to sa&e the fileK
A% %pdf file #% %tdf file C% %sql file @% %pll file
Answer: #
G%"e*isterin* a customi4ed template in the predefine list of the wi4ard- what
directory should you mo&e the template and the ima*e file to re*isterK
A% Poracle;home:]reports]ser&er #% Poracle;home:]reports]plu*ins]resource
C% Poracle;home:]reports]templates @% Poracle;home:]formsN8]ser&er
?% Poracle;home:]formsN8],Gee
Answer: C
>% To create a template ima*e - the bitmaps supplied pi+els are
A% G88 3G88 pi+els #% G88 3GL8 pi+els C% G88 3>L8 pi+els @% G88 37L8 pi+els
Answer: @
6%Customi4in* the template mar*in- what type of ob,ects can you copy- create or
import into the mar*in of the templateK .Choose all that apply/
A% !ma*es #% Te+t C% 'a*e number @% @ate
Answer: A- #- C- @
@@
L%A template is di&ided into re*ions- what section into the re*ions we can
customi4e or add other reports ob,ects: parameters- report-le&el tri**ers-
pro*ram units- attached 'L-SQL librariesK .Choose two/
A% Aeader #% #ody C% 2ooter @% ar*in
Answer: #- @
5%Dhat are the template option do you ha&eK .Choose three/
A% 'redefined #% 0ser-defined C% No-template @% ?+istin* template
Answer: A- #- C
8%Dhat are the true statements about HS' .Ha&a Ser&er 'a*e/ Technolo*yK
.Choose Three/
A% @ynamic Scriptin* capability for Deb 'a*es
#% Client-Side technolo*y C% Ser&er-Side technolo*y
@% ?nable the separation of dynamic and static content in a Deb 'a*e%
Answer: A- C- @
G%Dhy use HS'K .Choose all that apply/
A% Separation of dynamic and static content in a Deb 'a*e
#% "euse of components and ta*s
C% Deb desi*ners to build the static portion of the pa*e usin* any ATL
authorin* tool
@% Application de&elopers to add the dynamic data component usin* OracleNi
report custom HS' ta*s%
Answer: A- #- C- @
>%Aow many types of HS' Ta*sK
A% One #% Two C% Three @% 2our
Answer: #
@A
6%Dhich is not "eport Custom HS' Ta*sK
A% rw:report #% ta*lib C% rw:ob,ects @% rw:foreach
Answer: #
L%Dhich are trueK .Choose Two/
A% rw:*raph pro&ides a *raph definition in JL
#% rw:field pro&ides for the formattin* of any top le&el layout ob,ect into ATL
output
C% rw:include pro&ides formattin* functionality to render a sin*le &alue source
ob,ect in ATL
@% rw:report delimits a report ob,ect within a HS'
Answer: A- @
5%Dhich is true in the followin* statementsK .Choose all that apply/
A% 9ou can desi*n a Deb 'a*e usin* your fa&orite ATL authorin* tool%
#% To pre&iew Deb "eport in a browser use the "un Deb Layout button on the
hori4ontal toolbar%
C% To run a report from a browser- use 0"L synta+%
@% To publish a report on a web site is to create an OracleNiAS 'ortal
component%
Answer: A- #- C- @
7%Dhich of the followin* is consists of data modelK .Chose Three/
A% Croup #% "ow C% Column @% 'arameter
Answer: A- C- @
@F
G% Dhen Wcannot create cursor for *roup Pori*inal;*roup;name:X occureKS-7>
A% Dhen you create a web layout and chan*e the name of the *roup- the web
source will not reflect the chan*e and you select run web layout
#% Dhen you create paper layout and does not chan*e the name of the *roup-
the web source will not reflect the chan*e and you select run web layout
C% Dhen web source will not reflect the chan*e and you select run web layout
@% Dhen web source will reflect the chan*e and you select run web layout
Answer: A
>Dhat is the color of the circle that shows abo&e *roup ob,ect when a filter is
acti&ateK
A% Creen #% Layout color C% No color @% 'urple Answer: A
6% Add to- rename- or delete a column or e+pression in the query statement- Aow
oracle Ni reports create- re&ise- or delete the correspondin* column in the data
modelK
A% #y e+ecutin* #% Automatically C% "e creatin* @% "eenterin*
Answer: #
L% Dhat happen to paper layout report when pro*rammer chan*e or modify it by
wi4ardK
A% #oth can e+ist at a time #% @estroy pre&ious one and create new ob,ects
C% 're&ious one is not destroyable @% New paper layout Cannot be run by
run paper layout
Answer: #
5% Aow can you select more than one column to mo&e and dra* to a new *roupK
A% Shift QClic1 #% CtrlQAlt C% @ouble Clic1 @% Automatically
Answer: A
@G
=% Aow is data fetched in a pac1ed last filterK
A% Oracle Ni reports must retrie&e all records to establish which are last%
#% Oracle Ni reports must retrie&e all records to establish which are first
C% No need to fetch% @% #y select statement
Answer: A
7%Dhich are the &alid data sources K.Choose three/
A% SQL-based #% OLA' C% 'L(SQL-based @% H@#C
Answer: A- #- @
G%Dhich feature in OracleNi "eports that enables data input from numerous
sources throu*h the implementation of desi*n time and runtime Ha&a A'!sK
A% Ha&a Classes #% "eport Di4ard C% 'lu**able @ata Source.'@S/
@% ?+tract- Transform and Load.?TL/
Answer: C
>%Dhich are true about "?2 Cursor queriesK .Choose two/
A% A "?2 cursor query uses 'L(SQL to fetch data%
#% ?ach "?2 cursor query is associated with a 'L(SQL function that returns a
"?2 cursor%
C% A "?2 cursor query is a built-in query in OracleNi reports which return a data
from the e+istin* database%
@% !t is not a &alid data query- when some e+ception occurs then it is called "?2
cursor query%
Answer: A- #
A.
6%Dhat is true about data lin1 in OracleNi "eportsK
A% A data lin1 defines a relationship between a *roup and a query%
#% A data lin1 pro&ides you to use Ha&a Applet in reports builder%
C% !t defines the lin1 between data model and the *raph which is represented in
the report%
@% Dhen you create a data model there implicitly create a data lin1 between two
e+istin* field%
Answer: A
L% Dhy create a manual lin1K .Choose Two/
A% @efine a comple+ ,oin condition in a query%
#% !mplement a Cartesian product- lin1in* two tables without a ,oin condition%
C% To escape se&eral e+ceptions which are occur in the 'L(SQL codeK
@% Create a manual query based on the ATL(JL query by which we can
display a web based report%
Answer: A- #
5%Dhich are the other methods of formin* a lin1K .Choose three/
A% anual: 0sin* a DA?"? clause to form the lin1.SQL queries Q column
ob,ects/
#% Di4ard: 0se the S?L?CT clause to perform a query that is lin1 between two
data model%
C% anual: 0sin* parameters to form the lin1 ."?2 cursor queries/%
@% Automatic: 0sin* primary(forei*n 1ey constraints to form the lin1 .SQL
queries/%
Answer: A- C- @
A1
=% Dhat 1ind of data type @T@ .@ocument Type !nterface/ file supportK
A% Character #% Numeric C% Cant Support @% All type
Answer: A
S%Aow many query in a sin*le report oracle Ni permitsK
A% Sin*le query #% @ouble query C% ultiple query @% No query
Answer: C
N%Aow many data source can be used for a query in a sin*le report oracle Ni
permitsK
A% One #% @ifferent C% No @ata source is necessary @% None of the
abo&e
Answer: #
78%Aow to create lin1 in between and chan*e property of two columns in *roup
ob,ects of @ata odelK
A% 'arent to child query and delete then recreate lin1
#% 'arent to parent query and delete lin1 C% All happens automatically
@% #oth A M #
Answer: A
77%Dhat is the best type of lin1 for comple+ ,oin condition- Cartesian product
implementation- ob,ect("?2 column in Oracle NiK
A% Automatic lin1 #% anual lin1 C% Query to query lin1 @% "ef Cursor lin1
Answer: #
7% Dhich 'roperties are applied specially to summary columnsK .Chose Two/
A% 2unction #%% Source C% Name @% Column Type
Answer: A- #
A)
G% The "eport Di4ard does not support pa*e summaries%
A% True #% 2alse
Answer: A
>% Aow many types of de&eloper created columnK
A% Two #% Three C% 2our @% 2i&e
Answer: #
6% Dhich column do you use to calculate a &alue from one or more others
columnsK
A% 2ormula Column #% Summary Column C% 2ile column
@% 'laceholder column
Answer: A
L% Dhich column do you use to &alue set from another ob,ect at run timeK
A% 2ormula Column #% Summary Column C% 'laceholder column
@% 2ile column
Answer: C
5% Dhat is the meanin* of CS;7K
A% 2ormula Column #% Summary Column C% 'laceholder column
@% 2ile column
Answer: #
=% Dhich are read-only properties for data source columnK .Choose Three/
A% Name #% Column type C% @ata type @% Comments
Answer: A- #- C
A/
S% Dhich Column you cannot delete directly from the *roupK
A% Summary Column #% 2ormula Column C% @ata source Column
@% Summary Column at report le&el
Answer: C
N% Dhat is the function of WCompute atXK
A% Ealid only for summary columns with a function of F of Total%
#% The le&el at which to reset the summary bac1 to 4ero%
C% The le&el at which to reset the *roup bac1 to 4ero
@% The le&el at which to reset the *roup bac1 to total
Answer: A
78% Dhich two options is correctK .Choose Two/
A% Any columns referenced by the formula column are calculated first%
#% A formula column is an empty container at desi*n time%
C% A file column is a data source column%
@% Summary Column must return a &alue%
Answer: A- C
7% Dhich is not a part of paper report sectionK
A% Aeader Section #% ain Section C% Trailer Section @% 2ooter Section
Answer: @
G% To a&oid common hierarchy errors in a report which mode should you always
wor1K
A% Confine #% 2le+ C% Confine M 2le+ @% 2le+ M "eset At
Answer: C
A5
>% Dhich is not an ob,ect of paper layoutK
A% 2rame #% "epeatin* 2rame C% 2ield @% "epeatin* &alue
Answer: @
6% Dhen you want to mo&e an ob,ect outside its enclosin* ob,ect which mode you
should useK
A% Confine mode on #% 2le+ mode on C% Confine mode off
@% 2le+ mode off
Answer: C
L% Dhat does a diamond symbol indicatesK
A% 2i+ed si4e ob,ect #% "epeatin* frame ob,ect C% Eariable si4e ob,ect
@% ain frame ob,ect
Answer: C
5% Dhich property should you use for report bustin*K
A% "eport bust #% "epeat on C% @istribution @% "eport mode
Answer: #
=% Can you disable the confine mode in paper desi*n
A% 9es #% No
Answer: #
S% Dhere you can desi*n the layout of your reportK
A% On physical pa*e #% On lo*ical pa*e C% On di*ital pa*e
@% On report layout
Answer: #
A5
809ou ha&e been as1ed to define a data bloc1 based on a query that is
dependent on SQL only% The data will not
be updated by the user% Selection of the tables to be queried will be decided by
the userVs at run time%
Aow should you define the appropriate data sourceK
A% @efine a data bloc1 based on "ef Cursor%
#% @efine a data bloc1 based on a Table of "ecords%
C% @efine a data bloc1 based on a 2rom Clause query%
@% @efine a data bloc1 based on a combination of a "ef Cursor and a Table of
"ecords%
?% @efine a data bloc1 based on a 2rom Clause query and define Transactional
tri**ers for controllin* @L statements%
Answer: A
-0?+amine the 'L(SQL bloc1%
To resol&e compiler or run-time errors- what three chan*es could you ma1e to
this codeK .Choose three/
A% @efine the #?C!N and ?N@ 1eywords%
#% @eclare 'L(SQL &ariables in anonymous bloc1%
C% @efine an ?JC?'T!ON section to handle e+ceptions%
@% @efine an ?JC?'T!ON section to declare e+ceptions%
?% @efine an ?JC?'T!ON section to declare 'L(SQL &ariables%
2% @efine a @?CLA"? section 'L(SQL &ariables and e+ceptions%
Answer: A-C-2
A@
>% Dhat are the ways to access the properties by selectin* the ob,ect in any of
DindowsK .Choose Two/
A% @ata odel #% Deb Layout C% Ob,ect Na&i*ation @% 'aper Layout
Answer: C- @
6% Dhat are the proper ways to accessin* a property inspectorK .Choose Two/
A% Select Ob,ect- then clic1 node icon
#% Select Ob,ect- then press ?nter C% Select Ob,ect- then double-clic1 node icon
@% 0se select parent from tool- then select tool : property inspector
Answer: C- @
L% Dhat are four layout ob,ects that ha&e common propertiedK .Choose Two/
A% 2rames #% "epeatin* 2rames C% "ecords @% All of the abo&e
Answer: A- #
5% Dhat are the true statements that the ?lasticity 'roperties enable you to
specify whether the ob,ect can chan*e si4e at run timeK .Choose Three/
A% 2i+ed- !dentical to layout ob,ect si4e
#% ?+pand- Can be lar*er than layout- but not smaller
C% Contract- Can be smaller than layout- but not lar*er
@% Null- 'erforms no any ?lasticity 'roperty
Answer: A- #- C
=% Anchors are used to determine the &ertical and hori4ontal positionin* of a child
ob,ect relati&e to its parent%
A% True #% 2alse
Answer: A
AA
S% Dhat are the characteristics of AnchorsK .Choose three/
A% Ob,ects in the push path ha&e implicit anchors .not &isible in paper layout/
#% Ob,ects in the push path ha&e e+plicit anchors .&isible in paper layout/
C% ?+plicit anchors o&erride implicit anchors
@% All anchors appear in ob,ect na&i*ator
Answer: A- C- @
N% Dhat are the true statements about !mplicit AnchorsK .Choose three/
A% Eisible in the paper layout #% Not &isible in the paper layout
C% Created and maintained automatically by report
@% Eisible in ob,ect na&i*ation if anchorin* information is enabled .Na&i*ation
Option/
Answer: #- C- @
78% Dhat are the true statements about ?+plicit AnchorsK .Choose three/
A% Eisible in the paper layout #% Not &isible in the paper layout
C% Created by the de&eloper usin* the anchor tool in the tool palate
@% Eisible in ob,ect na&i*ation if anchorin* information is enabled .Na&i*ation
Option/
Answer: A- C- @
AF
77% Dhat are the four 'a*ination 'roperties that affects whether and where
additional pa*e brea1s occur in your paper reportK
A% 'a*e #rea1 #efore- 'a*e #rea1 After- 'a*e 'rotect- $eep Dith Anchorin*
Ob,ect%
#% 'a*er #rea1 #efore- 'a*e #rea1 After- Ne+t 'a*e Attributes- 're&ious 'a*e
Attributes
C% Ne+t 'a*e Attributes- 're&ious 'a*e Attributes- 'a*e Anchorin* Attributes-
'a*e Anchorin* Ob,ect
@% 'a*er #rea1 #efore- 'a*e #rea1 After- 'a*e Anchorin* Attributes- 'a*e
Anchorin* Ob,ect
Answer: A
7G% Aow to chan*e Eisual 'a*ination Settin* in the 'aper LayoutK
A% Select Tools : Options : 'aper Layout Clic1 the Options tab Select or Clear
the Options as required
#% Select Tools : Options : 'aper Layout Clic1 the Options tab
C% Select Tools : 'aper Layout : Options Clic1 the Options tab Set the Eisual
'a*ination Settin* 'roperties
@% There is no technique to chan*e Eisual 'a*ination Settin* in the 'aper
Layout- it may performs by settin* in Deb Layout
Answer: A
7>% Dhich are true about 0sin* 'a*e #rea1 #eforeK .Choose two/
A% !ma*e is not related to repeatin* frame
#% !ma*e is in the push path of and implicitly related to the repeatin* frame
C% !ma*e and Craphs are related to repeatin* frame directly
@% !ma*e is in the push path of and e+plicitly related to the main frame
Answer: A- #
AG
76% Settin* 'a*e #rea1 #efore on a repeatin* frame *i&es a pa*e brea1 before
the first occurrence of the repeatin* frame only% !t does not pro&ide a pa*e brea1
between each record%
A% True #% 2alse
Answer: A
7L% 'a*e #rea1 After delays only the formattin* of those ob,ects that are
anchored either implicitly r e+plicitly to the current ob,ect%
A% True #% 2alse
Answer: A
75% Dhich is true about 0sin* 'a*e #rea1 AfterK
A% Settin* 'a*e #rea1 #efore on a repeatin* frame *i&es a pa*e brea1 before
the first occurrence of the repeatin* frame only% !t does not pro&ide a pa*e brea1
#% Settin* 'a*e #rea1 After on a repeatin* frame *i&es a pa*e brea1 after the
last occurrence of the repeatin* frame only% !t does not pro&ide a pa*e brea1
Answer: #
7=% Dhat are true statements to 0sin* 'a*e 'rotectK .Choose two/
A% 'a*e 'rotect indicates whether to 1eep the entire ob,ect and its internal child
.enclosed/ ob,ects on the same lo*ical pa*e%
#% 'a*e 'rotect applies only to the first lo*ical pa*e on which the ob,ect normally
formatsB "eports #uilder i*nores pa*e protect on subsequent pa*es to a&oid an
infinite loop
C% #ase 'rintin* On determines whether the 'a*e 'rotect is to be the ?nclosin*
Ob,ect or the Anchorin* Ob,ect
Answer: A- #
F.
7S% Dhich two related property control how often to print the ob,ect in relation to
another ob,ectK .Choose two/
A% 'rint Ob,ect Off #% Ob,ect 'rints Off C% 'rint Ob,ect On @% Ob,ect 'rints On
Answer: C- @
7N% Dhat is true about the returnin* &alue for 2ormat Tri**erK
A% The 'L(SQL function must return a EA"CAA" &alue in 2ormat Tri**er
#% The 'L(SQL function must return a N0#?" &alue in 2ormat Tri**er
C% The 'L(SQL function must return a #OOL?AN &alue .T"0? or 2ALS?/ in
2ormat Tri**er
@% The 'L(SQL function must return @AT? &alue in 2ormat Tri**er
Answer: C
G8% Dhat is correct for a 2ormat Tri**erK
A% A 2ormat Tri**er is a system-defined Tri**er function that e+ecutes each time
after the ob,ect containin* the tri**er is formatted
#% A 2ormat Tri**er is a system-defined 'L(SQL built-in 'ac1a*e that e+ecutes
only one time
C% A 2ormat Tri**er is a user-written 'L(SQL function that e+ecutes each time
before the ob,ect containin* the tri**er is formatted
@% A 2ormat Tri**er is a system-defined 'L(SQL built-in function that e+ecutes
only one time
Answer: C
G7% Dhich ob,ects are contains 2ormat tri**ersK
A% @ata odel- Query- @ata Lin1- 2ields- Ob,ect Croups
#% Layout Ob,ects- 2rames- Query- @ata odel
C% @ata Ob,ects- 2ields and @ata Lin1
@% Layout Ob,ects- 2rames- "epeatin* frames- 2ields and #oilerplate Ob,ects
Answer: @
F1
G7% Dhich properties of layout ob,ects support Deb featuresK .Choose Two/
A% Ayperlin1 #% Ayperlin1 Name C% #oo1mar1 Name
@% Application Command Line
Answer: A- @
5% Dhen you defaulted you tabular report- you chose a @own print direction for
the repeatin* frame% Dhat is the default &ertical si4e for the *roup frameK
7% 2i+ed
G% ?+pand
>% Contract
F0 Eariable
D0 Mou are developing an Inventory report that has a boilerplate and a
rectangle0 2he rectangle is anchored to the boilerplate0 Which !agination
!roperty would you use on the rectangle to ensure that is the two objects
cannot print on the same page: the objects will be printed on the next
page?
7% 'a*e 'rotect
G% 'a*e #rea1 After
>% 'a*e #rea1 #efore
6% $eep with Anchorin* Ob,ect
S% Dhen you defaulted the layout of the master(detail report- what is the default
Aori4ontal 2ield Si4eK
/0 6ixed #%?+pand c%Contract @%Eariable
I0 Which !roperty determines whether the parent object is the &nclosing
Object or the anchoring Objects?
7% Si4in*
G% 'a*ination
>% 'rinter Codes
F0 !rint )ondition
F)
78% Dhich 'a*ination property would cause a pa*e brea1 after the last
occurrence of a repeatin* frameK
a%'a*e 'rotect b0!age 4rea /fter c%'a*e #rea1 #efore
d%$eep with Anchorin* Ob,ect
77% 9ou are de&elopin* an !n&entory report that has boilerplates that display
bitmapped ima*es% The boilerplates are anchored to*ether so that the second
boilerplate is a child of the first boilerplate% Dhich 'a*ination property would you
use on the first boilerplate to ensure that the two ob,ects are formatted on the
ne+t pa*eK
a%'a*e 'rotect b%'a*e #rea1 After )0 !age 4rea 4efore
d%$eep with anchorin* Ob,ect
7G% Dhat is the default Eertical 2ield si4e for a Tabular reportK
a%2i+ed b0 &xpand c%Contract d%Eariable
7L% 2or which two print directions would it be irrele&ant to use the repeatin*
frame Column ode propertyK
A%@own #%Across )0,own#/cross ,0/cross#,own
75% Dhich repeatin* frame property would pre&ent more then si+ employee
records appearin* on any body pa*eK
A%Source #%Column ode C%'rint @irection @%Spacin* Eertical
?%inimum Dindows "ecords 60Aaximum +ecords per !age
7=% Dhich repeatin* frame property would you use to allow the ne+t repeatin*
frame to be*in formattin* before the pre&ious instance completesK
A%Source 40)olumn Aode C%'rint @irection @%Spacin* Eertical
?%inimum Dindows "ecords 2%a+imum "ecords per pa*e
F/
7S% 9ou are de&elopin* a Croup abo&e !n&entory report with a anufacturer
brea1 *roup% The 'rint @irection of both repeatin* frames id down% Dhich
child repeatin* frame property would you alter to increase the amount of
space between recordsK
A%Column ode #%'rint @irection C%inimum Dindow "ecords
@%a+imum "ecords per 'a*e &0Eertical $pace between 6rames
2%Aori4ontal Space between 2rames%
7N% Dhich type of boilerplate displays the contents of an ima*e file by importin*
the file contents at runtimeK
A%@efault 40"in 6ile C%Te+t and drawin* tools @%Anchor
G8% Dhich System &ariable would you use to display the current pa*e numberK
A%'anel Number #%Current @ate C%Total 'anels @%Total Lo*ical
'a*es &0 !hysical !age >umber
G7% Dhich Si4in* &alue for a *raphical ob,ect will format fasterK
A%2i+ed #%?+pand C%Contract ,0 Eariable
GG% Aow would you increase the amount of white space between records in a
tabular report that pints down each pa*eK
A%?+pand each field in the layout%
#%Turn the Confine ode Settin* off%
C%!ncrease the si4e of the *roup frame%
@%Alter the Aori4ontal Space between frames property of each field%
?%Alter the Eertical Space between 2rames property of the repeatin* frame%
G>% Dhich window would you use to create a user parameterK
A%@ata odel #%Layout odel C%'arameter 2orm ,0Object >avigator
G6% Dhich system parameter would you assi*n the name of the file to send the
output for @?ST9'?<fileK
A%Copies 40,&$>/A& C%C0""?NC9 @%'"!NTHO#
?%@?S2O"AT 2%#AC$C"O0N@
F5
GL% Dhich system parameter stores the location of the reports ASC!! dri&er for a
character mode report that printsK
A%O@? 40,&$>/A& C%'"!NTHO# @%@?S2O"AT
?%O"!?NTAT!ON
G5% 9ou created a list of parameter &alues for a user to select from at runtime%
Aow would you pre&ent a user form enterin* any &alue not in the listK
A%Select the Static Ealues radio button on the report property palette%
#%Select the Static Ealues radio button on the parameter property palette%
C%Select the Static Ealues radio button on the parameter form property palette%
@%Chec1 the "estrict list to predetermined &alues chec1 bo+ on the report
property palette%
?%Chec1 the "estrict list to predetermined &alues chec1 bo+ on the parameter
property palette%
2%Chec1 the restrict list to predetermined &alues chec1 bo+ on the parameter
form property palette%
G=% 9ou need to pro&ide a list of parameter for users to select from at runtime%
Aow would you accomplish this tas1K
A%Alter the list of &alues property on the parameter 'roperty 'alette%
#%Alter the report properties sheet to allow for a static list of &alues%
C%Clic1 the select statement radio button on the parameter property palette and
enter the list of &alues%
?%Clic1 the static &alues radio button on the parameter property palette and
enter the select statement that will query the database &alues%
2%Clic1 the Select statement radio button on the parameter property palette and
enter the
select statement that will query the database &alues%
GS% Dhich system parameter stores the location of the printer definition file for a
character mode report that printsK
A%O@? #%@?SNA? C%'"!NTHO# ,0,&$6O+A/2
?%O"!?NTAT!ON
GN% 9ou want to show users of the !n&entory report a prototype of the display in
both 'ortrait and landscape% Dhich system parameter would you alter to chan*e
the print directionK
A%O@? #%@?ST9'? C%'"!NTHO# @%@?S2O"AT
?%#AC$C"O0N@ 60O+I&>2/2IO>
F5
>8% Aow would you create a default parameter formK
A%Select the menu Option Tools: @efault Layout
#%Clic1 the @efault layout tool in the parameter form
C%Select the menu option Tools: @efault layout in the parameter form%
@%Select the 'arameter node in the Ob,ect Na&i*ator and clic1 the Create button
?%Select the menu Option Tools: 'arameter form #uilder in the Ob,ect
Na&i*ator%
>7% 9ou are de&elopin* an !n&entory report that allows a cler1 to enter either an
!@- Name or @escription &alue% 9ou need to restrict the &alues retrie&ed to the
&alues entered by the user% Dhich Dhere clause would you use in the select
statement to achie&e these resultsK
/0 .pNwhereNclause
#%:p;where;clause
C%where id<:p;id or Name<:p;name or description <:p;description
@%where id<Mp;id or Name<Mp;name or description <Mp;description
>G% !n which 'roperty 'alette would you chan*e the hei*ht and width of a
parameter formK
/0 +eport #%'arameter C%'arameter form @%'arameter field
>>% Dhich system parameter lists the name of the printer that a user selects to
send the output of a character mode report at runtimeK
A%O@? 40,&$>/A& C%'"!NTHO#@% @?S2O"AT
?%O"!?NTAT!ON
>6% Dhich ob,ects property 'alette would you alter to specify a default &alue for
the !@ parameter on the 'arameter 2ormK
A%"eport 401ser parameter C%'arameter form @%'arameter field
>L% 9ou are de&elopin* a report and need to restrict the &alues retrie&ed to the
&alue entered by the user% Dhich clause would you use in the select statement to
achie&e these resultsK
A%Mp;where;clause #%:p;where;clause )0Where id ; :pNid
@%Dhere id < p;id
>5% Aow would you chan*e the color of a parameter filed from white to yellowK
A%0se the 2ill tool in the parameter form
#%0se the menu option format : @rawin* Options
)02he color of a parameter field cannot be altered
@%@ouble-clic1 the parameter field in the 'arameter form and alter the 'roperty
'alette%
>=% Dhere could you find the @ata odel and #usiness lo*icK
/0rw:object #%rw:field C%rw:data @%rw:foreach
F@
>S% Dhich are the optional attributes in rw:field ta*K
/0 4realevel 40 4reaEalue )0 >ullEalue @% Style
&0 )ontains*2A" 60 6ormatAasO K0 6ormat2rigger
A% All of the abo&e
)omputer /rchitecture
Question 1:Where does a computer add and compare data?
a. Hard disk b. Floppy disk c. CPU chip d. Memory chip
Question : Which o! the !ollo"in# re#isters is used to keep track o! address o! the
memory location "here the ne$t instruction is located?
a. Memory %ddress &e#ister b. Memory 'ata &e#ister
c. (nstruction &e#ister d. Pro#ram &e#ister
Question ):% complete microcomputer system consists o!
a. microprocessor b. memory c. peripheral e*uipment d. all o! abo+e
Question ,:CPU does not per!orm the operation
a. data trans!er b. lo#ic operation c. arithmetic operation d. all o! abo+e
Question -:Pipelinin# strate#y is called implement
a. instruction e$ecution b. instruction pre!etch c. instruction decodin#
d. instruction manipulation
Question .:% stack is
a. an /0bit re#ister in the microprocessor
b. a 1.0bit re#ister in the microprocessor
c. a set o! memory locations in &1WM reser+ed !or storin# in!ormation temporarily durin# the
e$ecution o! computer
d. a 1.0bit memory address stored in the pro#ram counter

FA
Question 2:% stack pointer is
a. a 1.0bit re#ister in the microprocessor that indicate the be#innin# o! the stack memory.
b. a re#ister that decodes and e$ecutes 1.0bit arithmetic e$pression.
c. 3he !irst memory location "here a subroutine address is stored.
d. a re#ister in "hich !la# bits are stored
Question /:3he branch lo#ic that pro+ides decision makin# capabilities in the control unit is
kno"n as
a. controlled trans!er b. conditional trans!er c. unconditional trans!er d. none o!
abo+e
Question 4:(nterrupts "hich are initiated by an instruction are
a. internal b. e$ternal c. hard"are d. so!t"are
Question 15:% time sharin# system imply
a. more than one processor in the system b. more than one pro#ram in memory
c. more than one memory in the system d. 6one o! abo+e
Answers
1. C . ' ). ' ,. ' -. 7 .. C 2. % /. C 4. ' 15. b
Question 1:
Processors o! all computers8 "hether micro8 mini or main!rame must ha+e
a. %9U b. Primary :tora#e c. Control unit d. %ll o! abo+e
Question :What is the control unit;s !unction in the CPU?
a. 3o trans!er data to primary stora#e b. to store pro#ram instruction
c. to per!orm lo#ic operations d. to decode pro#ram instruction
Question ):What is meant by a dedicated computer?
a. "hich is used by one person only b. "hich is assi#ned to one and only one task
c. "hich does one kind o! so!t"are d. "hich is meant !or application so!t"are only
FF
Question ,:3he most common addressin# techini*ues employed by a CPU is
a. immediate b. direct c. indirect d. re#ister e. all o! the abo+e
Question -:Pipeline implement
a. !etch instruction b. decode instruction c. !etch operand d. calculate operand
e. e$ecute instruction !. all o! ab+e
Question .:Which o! the !ollo"in# code is used in present day computin# "as de+eloped by
(7M corporation?
a. %:C(( b. Hollerith Code c. 7audot code d. <7C'(C code
Question 2:When a subroutine is called8 the address o! the instruction !ollo"in# the C%99
instructions stored in1on the
a. stack pointer b. accumulator c. pro#ram counter d. stack
Question /:% micropro#ram "ritten as strin# o! 5;s and 1;s is a
a. symbolic microinstruction b. binary microinstruction c. symbolic micropro#ram
d. binary micropro#ram
Question 4:(nterrupts "hich are initiated by an instruction are
a. internal b. e$ternal c. hard"are d. so!t"are
Question 15:Memory access in &(:C architecture is limited to instructions
a. C%99 and &<3 b. PU:H and P=P c. :3% and 9'% d. M=> and
?MP
Answers:
1. d . d ). b ,. e -. ! .. d 2. d /. d 4. b 15. c

FG
Question 1: A collection of 8 bits is called
a. byte b. word c. record
Question 2:The ascending order or a data Hierarchy is
a. bit - bytes - fields - record - file - database
b. bit - bytes - record - field - file - database
c. bytes - bit- field - record - file - database
d. bytes -bit - record - field - file - database

Question 3:How many address lines are needed to address each memory locations in a
2048 x 4 memory chip?
a. 10 b. 11 c. 8 d. 12

Question 4:A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language at
one time is called a/an
a. interpreter b. simulator c. compiler d. commander
Question 5:In immediate addressing the operand is placed
a. in the CPU register b. after OP code in the instruction c. in memory d. in stack

Question 6:Microprocessor 8085 can address location upto
a. 32K b. 128K c. 64K d. 1M
Question 7: The ALU and control unit of most of the microcomputers are combined
and manufacture on a single silicon chip. What is it called?
a. monochip b. microprocessor c. ALU d. control unit
Question 8:When the RET instruction at the end of subroutine is executed,
a. the information where the stack is iniatialized is transferred to the stack pointer
b. the memory address of the RET instruction is transferred to the program counter
c. two data bytes stored in the top two locations of the stack are transferred to the program
counter
d. two data bytes stored in the top two locations of the stack are transferred to the stack
pointer
Question 9:A microporgram is sequencer perform the operation
a. read b. write c. execute d. read and write
e. read and execute
Question 10:Interrupts which are initiated by an I/O drive are
a. internal b. external c. software d. all of above
Answers:
G.
1. a 2. a 3. b 4. c 5.b 6.c 7.b 8.c 9.e 10.b
A9,;&A,A ,=4;8Y &2Q/
H1I %or a gi,en input* it pro,ides the compliment of 'oolean :9( output.
9:9( o" H9>T :9(I
(E1:Y o"
>= o"
:9( o"
H)I &t delays the transmission of signal along the wire y one step Hcloc# pulseI.
9:9( o" H9>T :9(I
(E1:Y o"
>= o"
:9( o"
H/I %or the gi,en input* it pro,ides the 'oolean >= output
9:9( o" H9>T :9(I
(E1:Y o"
>= o"
:9( o"
H5I %or the gi,en input* :9( o" pro,ides the 'oolean :9( output.
True
%alse
H5I The current in the wire is indicated y 1 and . indicates the asence of the current.
True
%alse
H@I :ny language that can not e e"pressed y a =E is said to e regular language.
True
%alse
HAI &f 11 and 1) are regular languages is2are also regular languageHsI.
11 K 1)
111)
11
:ll of ao,e
HFI 1et 1 e a language defined o,er an alphaet ]* then the language of strings* defined
o,er ]* not elonging to 1* is called Complement of the language 1* denoted y 1c or 1M.
True %alse
G1
HGI To descrie the complement of a language* it is ,ery important to descrie the
----------- of that language o,er which the language is defined.
:lphaet
=egular E"pression
String
0ord
H1.I %or a certain language 1* the complement of 1c is the gi,en language 1 i.e. H1cIc ^
1c
True
%alse
H11I &f 1 is a regular language then* --------- is also a regular language.
1m
1s
1"
1c
H1)I Con,erting each of the final states of % to non-final states and old non-final states of
% to final states* %: thus otained will re?ect e,ery string elonging to 1 and will accept
e,ery string* defined o,er ]* not elonging to 1. is called
Transition Eraph of 1
=egular e"pression of 1
Complement of 1
%inite :utomata of 1
H1/I &f 11 and 1) are two regular languages* then 11 $ 1) is not a regular.
True
%alse
H15I (e-Morgan3s law for sets is e"pressed y*
G)
H15I &f 11 and 1) are regular languages* then these can e e"pressed y the
corresponding %:s.
True
%alse
H1@I 1^ language of words containing e,en numer of aMs. =egular E"pression is
HaKIaaHaKI
HKaaI
aKaaa
HaKIaHaKI
H1AI The regular e"pression defining the language 11 $ 1) can e otained* con,erting
and reducing the pre,ious ------------- into a ------------ as after eliminating states.
ETE* TE
%:* ETE
%:* TE
TE* =E
H1FI The language that can e e"pressed y any regular e"pression is called a 9on regular
language.
True
%alse
H1GI The languages -------------- are the e"amples of non regular languages.
;:1&9(=>ME and ;=&ME
;:1&9(=>ME and EPE9-EPE9
EPE9-EPE9 and ;=&ME
%:CT>=&:1 and SQ$=E
H).I 1et 1 e any infinite regular language* defined o,er an alphaet ] then there e"ist
three strings "* y and ! elonging to ]such that all the strings of the form DY_ n ` for
n^1*)*/* \ are the words in 1. called.
Complement of 1
;umping 1emma
NleeneMs theorem
9one in gi,en
H)1I 1anguages are pro,ed to e regular or non regular using pumping lemma.
True
G/
%alse
H))I ------------------- is o,iously infinite language.
EQ$:1-EQ$:1
EPE9-EPE9
;:1&9(=>ME
%:CT>=&:1
H)/I &f* two strings " and y* defined o,er ]* are run o,er an %: accepting the language
1* then " and y are said to elong to the same class if they end in the same state* no
matter that state is final or not.
True
%alse
Myhill 9erode theorem is consisting of the followings*
1 partitions ]into distinct classes.
&f 1 is regular then* 1 generates finite numer of classes.
&f 1 generates finite numer of classes then 1 is regular.
:ll of ao,e
The language Q is said to e -uotient of two regular languages ; and =* denoted y--- if
;Q^=.
=^Q2;
Q^=2;
Q^;2=
;^=2Q
&f two languages = and Q are gi,en* then the prefi"es of Q in = denoted y ;refHQ in =I.
True
%alse
H)AI 1et Q ^ aaa* aaaa* aaaaa* b and = ^ a* * aaa*
aaaaab
;ref HQ in =I is e-ual to*
a*a*aaab
a*a*aaab
aa*a*aab
a*a*ab
&f = is regular language and Q is any language Hregular2 non regularI* then ;ref HQ in =I
is ---------.
G5
9on-regular
E-ual
=egular
&nfinite
cC%Ec stands for TTTTTTTTT
Conte"t %ree Eraph
Conte"t %ree Erammar
Conte"t %inite Eraph
Conte"t %inite Erammar
H)GI TTTTTTTTTTT states are called the halt states.
:CCE;T and =EJECT
:CCE;T and =E:(
:CCE;T :9( ST:=T
:CCE;T :9( 0=&TE
H/.I The part of an %:* where the input string is placed efore it is run* is called
TTTTTTT
State
Transition
&nput Tape
>utput Tape
&n new format of an %: Hdiscussed in lecture /AI* This state is li#e dead-end non final
state
:CCE;T
=EJECT
ST:T=
=E:(
%or language 1 defined o,er aa* b* then 1 partitions aa* binto \\ classes
&nfinite
%inite
(istinct
9on-distinct
The ma?or prolem in the earliest computers was
To store the contents in the registers
To display mathematical formulae
G5
To load the contents from the registers
To calculate the mathematical formula
'etween the two consecuti,e ?oints on a path
>ne character can e pushed and one character can e popped
:ny no. of characters can e pushed and one character can e popped
>ne character can e pushed and any no. of characters can e popped
:ny no. of characters can e pushed and any no. of characters can e popped
H/5I &n pumping lemma theorem H" y_n !I the range of n is
n^1* )* /* 5\\\.
n^.* 1* )* /* 5\\\.
n^\\.-/*-)*-1* .* 1* )* /* 5\\
n^\\.-/*-)*-1* 1* )* /* 5\\
H/@I The ;(: is called non-deterministic ;(: when there are more than one out
going edges from\\\ state
ST:=T or =E:(
;>; or =EJECT
=E:( or ;>;
;$S+ or ;>;
&dentify the T=$E statementB
: ;(: is non-deterministic* if there are more than one =E:( states in ;(:
: ;(: is ne,er non-deterministic
1i#e TE* : ;(: can also e non-deterministic
: ;(: is non-deterministic* if there are more than one =EJECT states in ;(:
There is a prolem in deciding whether a state of %: should e mar#ed or not when the
language Q is infinite.
True
%alse
&f an effecti,ely sol,ale prolem has answered in yes or no* then this solution is called
---------
(ecision procedure
(ecision method
(ecision prolem
G@
(ecision ma#ing
The following prolemHsI ------------- is2are called decidale prolemHsI.
The two regular e"pressions define the same language
The two %:s are e-ui,alent
'oth a and
9one of gi,en
To e"amine whether a certain %: accepts any words* it is re-uired to see# the paths from
------- state.
%inal to initial
%inal to final
&nitial to final
&nitial to initial
The high le,el language is con,erted into assemly language codes y a program called
compiler.
T=$E
%:1SE
Erammatical rules which in,ol,e the meaning of words are called ---------------
Semantics
Syntactic
'oth a and
9one of gi,en
Erammatical rules which do not in,ol,e the meaning of words are called ---------------
Semantics
Syntactic
'oth a and
9one of gi,en
The symols that canMt e replaced y anything are called -----------------
;roductions
Terminals
9on-terminals
:ll of ao,e
The symols that must e replaced y other things are called TTTTTTTTTT
GA
;roductions
Terminals
9on-terminals
9one of gi,en
H5AI The grammatical rules are often calledTTTTTTTTTTTTT
;roductions
Terminals
9on-terminals
9one of gi,en
The terminals are designated y TTTTTTTT letters* while the non-terminals are designated
y TTTTTTTT letters.
Capital* old
Small* capital
Capital* small
Small* old
The language generated y TTTTTTTTTT is called Conte"t %ree 1anguage HC%1I.
%:
TE
C%E
TET
H5GI ] ^ aa*b ;roductions SdDaaD DdaD DdD Dde
This grammar defines the language e"pressed yTTTTTTTTTTT
HaKIaaHaKI
HaKIaHaKIa
HaKIaaHaKIaa
HaKIaaKI
H5.I S d aD6 DaD d aD6D6e The gi,en C%E generates the language in
English TTTTTTTTTT
'eginning and ending in different letters
'eginning and ending in same letter
+a,ing e,en-e,en language
9one of gi,en
GF
H51I The C%E is not said to e amiguous if there e"ists atleast one word of its
language that can e generated y the different production trees*
T=$E
%:1SE
The language generated y that C%E is regular if TTTTTTTTT
9o terminal d semi word
9o terminal d word
'oth a and
9one of gi,en
The production of the form no terminal d e is said to e null production.
T=$E
%:1SE
H55I : production is called null ale production if it is of the form 9 d e
T=$E
%:1SE
H55I The productions of the form nonterminal d one nonterminal* is called TTTTTTTTT
9ull production
$nit production
9ull ale production
9one of gi,en
H5@I C9% is stands for
Conte"t 9ormal %orm
Complete 9ormal %orm
Choms#y 9ormal %orm
Compared 9ull %orm
;roofHNleeneMs Theorem ;art &&I
&f a TE has more than one start states* then
&ntroduce the new start state
Eliminate the old start state
=eplace the old start state with final state
=eplace the old final state with new start state
GG
Question U )
0hile finding =E corresponding to TE* we connect the new start state to the old start
state y the transition laeled y
Select correct optionB
a
null string
9one of the gi,en options
Question U / of 1. H Start timeB .5B5GB./ ;M I Total Mar#sB 1
0hich of the following regular e"pression represents same languageQ a. HaKaI.
HaKaIc. aHaaId. HaI
aKIaHaKIHaKIK HaKIHaKIaHaKI.
a "b* a "bK* aaKb
a and
a and c
c and d
Question U 5 of 1. H Start timeB .5B5.B/) ;M I Total Mar#sB 1
HaK I^ Ha K Ithis e"pression is TTTTTTTTTT
True
%alse
Question U 5 of 1. H Start timeB .5B51B/. ;M I Total Mar#sB 1
1et %:/ e an %: corresponding to %:1K%:)* then the initial state of %:/ must
correspond to the initial state of
%:1 only
%:) only
%:1 or %:)
%:1 and %:)
Question U @ of 1. H Start timeB .5B5/B.1 ;M I Total Mar#sB 1
0hich of the following statement is 9>T true aout TEQ
There e"ists e"actly one path for certain string
There may e"ist more than one paths for certain string
There may e"ist no path for certain string
There may e no final state
1..
Question U A of 1. H Start timeB .5B55B.@ ;M I Total Mar#sB 1
NleeneMs theorem states
:ll representations of a regular language are e-ui,alent.
:ll representations of a conte"t free language are e-ui,alent.
:ll representations of a recursi,e language are e-ui,alent
%inite :utomata are less powerful than ;ushdown :utomata.
Question U F of 1. HStart timeB .5B55B/@ ;MI Total Mar#sB 1
0hat do automata meanQ
Something done manually
Something done automatically
Question U G of 1. H Start timeB .5B5@B51 ;M I Total Mar#sB 1
: language accepted y an %: is also accepted y
TE only
ETE only
=E only
:ll of the gi,en
Question U 1. of 1. H Start timeB .5B5FB1@ ;M I Total Mar#sB 1
&f r1 ^ Haa K I and r) ^ Ha K I then the language Haa K IHa K I will e generated y
Hr1IHr)I
Hr1 K r)I
Hr)IHr1I
Hr1I
Question 9oB 1 H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

&f r1 ^ Haa K I and r) ^ H a K I then the language Haa K IHa K I will e generated y
f Hr1IHr)I
f Hr1 K r)I
f Hr)IHr1I
f Hr1I

Question 9oB ) H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

W>ne language can e e"pressed y more than one %:X. This statement is TTTTTT
f True
f %alse
f Some times true < sometimes false
f 9one of these

1.1
Question 9oB / H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

0ho did not in,ent the Turing machineQ
f :lan Turing
f :. M. Turing
f Turing
f 9one of these

Question 9oB 5 H Mar#sB 1 I- ;lease choose one

0hich statement is trueQ
f The tape of turing machine is infinite.
f The tape of turing machine is finite.
f The tape of turing machine is infinite when the language is regular
f The tape of turing machine is finite when the language is nonregular.


: regular languageB
f Must e finite
f Must e infinite
f Can e finite or infinite
f Must e finite and cannot e infinite

Question 9oB @ H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

E,ery regular e"pression can e e"pressed as C%E ut e,ery C%E cannot e e"pressed as
a regular e"pression. This statement isB
f (epends on the language
f 9one of the gi,en options
f True
f %alse

Question 9oB A H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one
1.)

:o,e gi,en %: corresponds =E r. then %: corresponding to rwill e
This statement is
^ True
^ %alse
^ (epends on language
^ 9one of these

Question 9oB F H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

Consider the language 1 of strings* defined o,er ] ^ aa*b* ending in a
^ There are finite many classes generated y 1* so 1 is regular
^ There are infinite many classes generated y 1* so 1 is regular
^ There are finite many classes generated y 1* so 1 is non-regular
^ There are infinite many classes generated y 1* so 1 is non-regular

Question 9oB G H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one
1./

:o,e gi,en TE has TTTTTTTTTTTTT =E.
f HaaKaaKHaKaIHaaKaIHaKaII
f HaaKKHaKaIHaaKIHaKaII
f HaaKKHaKaIHaaKIHaKaII
f 9one of these

Question 9oB 1. H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

The word LformalM in formal languages means
f The symols used ha,e well defined meaning
f They are unnecessary* in reality
f >nly the form of the string of symols is significant
f 9one of these


1et : ^ a.* 1b. The numer of possile strings of length LnM that can e formed y the
elements of the set : is
f ng
f n
)
f n
m
f )
n

Question 9oB 1) H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

Choose the correct statement.
f : Mealy machine generates no language as such
f : Moore machine generates no language as such
f : Mealy machine has no terminal state
f :ll of these

Question 9oB 1/ H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

TM is more powerful than %SM ecause
f The tape mo,ement is confined to one direction
f &t has no finite state control
f &t has the capaility to rememer aritrary long se-uences of input symols
f 9one of these


&f 11 and 1) are e"pressed y regular e"pressions r1 and r)* respecti,ely then the
language e"pressed y r1 K r) will e TTTTTTTTT
1.5
f =egular
f &r-regular
f CanMt e decided
f :nother 1anguage which is not listed here


1i#e TE* a ;(: can also e non-deterministic
f True
f %alse

Question 9oB 1@ H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

The ao,e machine is a2anTE TTTTTTTTTTT
f %inite :utomata
f Turing machine
f %:
f TE

Question 9oB 1A H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

The language of all words Hmade up of aMs and MsI with at least two aMs can not e
descried y the regular e"pression.
f aHaKIaHaKIHaKIa
f HaKIaaHaKI
f aaHaKI
f none of these

Question 9oB 1F H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

&n %:* if one enters in a specific state ut there is no way to lea,e it* then that specific
state is called
f (ead State
1.5
f 0aste 'as#et
f (a,ey John 1oc#er
f :ll of these

Question 9oB 1G H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

&f 1 is a regular language then* 1
c
is also a TTTTT language.
f =egular
f 9on-regular
f =egular ut finite
f 9one of the gi,en

Question 9oB ). H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

&n C%E* the symols that canMt e replaced y anything are calledTTT
f Terminal
f 9on-Terminal
f ;roduction
f :ll of gi,en

Question 9oB )1 H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

0hich of the following is 9>T a regular languageQ
f String of .Ms whose length is a perfect s-uere
f Set of all palindromes made up of .Ms and 1Ms
f String of .Ms whose length is a prime numer
f :ll of the gi,en options

Question 9oB )) H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

Choose the incorrect H%:1SEI statement.
f : Mealy machine generates no language as such
f : Mealy machine has no terminal state
f %or a gi,en input string* length of the output string generated y a Moore
machine is not more than the length of the output string generated y that of a Mealy
machine
f :ll of these

Question 9oB )/ H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

;umping lemma is generally used to pro,e thatB
f : gi,en language is infinite
f : gi,en language is not regular
f 0hether two gi,en regular e"pressions of a regular language are e-ui,alent or not
1.@
f 9one of these


0hich of the following is a regular languageQ
f String of odd numer of !eroes
f Set of all palindromes made up of .Ms and 1Ms
f String of .Ms whose length is a prime numer
f :ll of these


Choose the incorrect statementB
f HaKIaaHaKIgenerates =egular language.
f : language consisting of all strings o,er hâa*b ha,ing e-ual numer of aMs and
Ms is a regular language
f E,ery language that can e e"pressed y %: can also e e"pressed y =E
f 9one of these

Question 9oB )@ H Mar#sB 1 I - ;lease choose one

1eft hand side of a production in C%E consists ofB
f >ne terminal
f More than one terminal
f >ne non-terminal
f Terminals and non-termi
1. There are TTTTTTTT tuples in finite state machine.
aI 5
I 5
cI @
dI unlimited
:nswerB
E"planationB states*input symols*initial state*accepting state and transition function.
). Transition function maps.
aI ] 4 Q -7 ]
I Q 4 Q -7 ]
cI ] 4 ] -7 Q
dI Q 4 ] -7 Q
:nswerBd
E"planationB &nputs are state and input string output is states.
/. 9umer of states re-uire to accept string ends with 1..
aI /
I )
cI 1
1.A
dI canMt e represented.
:nswerBa
E"planationB This is minimal finite automata.
5. E"tended transition function is .
aI Q 4 ]4 -7 Q
I Q 4 ] -7 Q
cI Q4 4 ]4 -7 ]
dI Q 4 ] -7 ]
:nswerBa
E"planationB This ta#es single state and string of input to produce a state.
5. i4H-*yaI is e-ui,alent to .
aI iHH-*yI*aI
I iHi4H-*yI*aI
cI iH-*yaI
dI independent from i notation
:nswerB
E"planationB %irst it parse y string after that it parse a.
@. String D is accepted y finite automata if .
aI i4H-*"I E :
I iH-*"I E :
cI i4HQ.*"I E :
dI iHQ.*"I E :
:nswerBc
E"planationB &f automata starts with starting state and after finite mo,es if reaches to final
step then it called accepted.
A. 1anguages of a automata is
aI &f it is accepted y automata
I &f it halts
cI &f automata touch final state in its life time
dI :ll language are language of automata
:nswerBa
E"planationB &f a string accepted y automata it is called language of automata.
F. 1anguage of finite automata is.
aI Type .
I Type 1
cI Type )
dI Type /
:nswerBd
E"planationB :ccording to Choms#y classification.
1.F
G. %inite automata re-uires minimum TTTTTTT numer of stac#s.
aI 1
I .
cI )
dI 9one of the mentioned
:nswerB
E"planationB %inite automata doesnMt re-uire any stac# operation .
1.. 9umer of final state re-uire to accept j in minimal finite automata.
aI 1
I )
cI /
:nswerBd
E"planationB 9o final state re-uires.
11. =egular e"pression for all strings starts with a and ends with a is.
aI aa44a
I aHaI4a
cI aHaKI4a
dI :ll of the mentioned
:nswerBc
E"planationB Starts with a then any numer of a or and ends with a.
1). +ow many (%:Ms e"its with two states o,er input alphaet a.*1b Q
aI 1@
I )@
cI /)
dI @5
:nswerBd
E"planationB 9umer of (%:Ms ^ )_n 4 n_H)4nI.
1/. The asic limitation of finite automata is that
aI &t canMt rememer aritrary large amount of information.
I &t sometimes recogni!e grammar that are not regular.
cI &t sometimes fails to recogni!e regular grammar.
dI :ll of the mentioned
:nswerBa
E"planationB'ecause there is no memory associated with automata.
1.G
15. 9umer of states re-uire to simulate a computer with memory capale of storing M/k
words each of length MFk.
aI / 4 )_F
I )_H/4FI
cI )_H/KFI
:nswerB
E"planationB )_Hm4nI states re-uires .
15. %SM with output capaility can e used to add two gi,en integer in inary
representation. This is
aI True
I %alse
cI May e true
Piew :nswer
:nswerBa
E"planationB $se them as a flip flop output .
/ystem Analysis and 1esign
Question 1.
11.
+ow many steps are in the systems de,elopment life cycle HS(1CIQ
:. 5
'. 5
C. @
(. 1.
Question ).
The first step in the systems de,elopment life cycle HS(1CI isB
:. :nalysis.
'. (esign.
C. ;rolem2>pportunity &dentification.
(. (e,elopment and (ocumentation.
Question /.
Most modern software applications enale you to customi!e and
automate ,arious features using small custom-uilt WminiprogramsX calledB
:. macros.
'. code.
C. routines.
(. suroutines.
Question 5.
The organi!ed process or set of steps that needs to e followed to
de,elop an information system is #nown as theB
:. analytical cycle.
'. design cycle.
C. program specification.
(. system de,elopment life cycle.
Question 5.
+ow many steps are in the program de,elopment life cycle H;(1CIQ
:. 5
'. 5
C. @
(. 1.
Question @.
The ma#e-or-uy decision is associated with the TTTTTTTTTTTT step in
the S(1C.
:. ;rolem2>pportunity &dentification
'. (esign
C. :nalysis
(. (e,elopment and (ocumentation
111
Question A.
&n the :nalysis phase* the de,elopment of the TTTTTTTTTTTT occurs*
which is a clear statement of the goals and o?ecti,es of the pro?ect.
:. documentation
'. flowchart
C. program specification
(. design
Question F.
:ctual programming of software code is done during the TTTTTTTTTTTT
step in the S(1C.
:. Maintenance and E,aluation
'. (esign
C. :nalysis
Question G.
Enhancements* upgrades* and ug fi"es are done during the
TTTTTTTTTTTT step in the S(1C.
:. Maintenance and E,aluation
'. ;rolem2>pportunity &dentification
C. (esign
Question 1..
The TTTTTTTTTTTT determines whether the pro?ect should go
forward.
:. feasiility assessment
'. opportunity identification
C. system e,aluation
(. program specification
Question 11.
Technical writers generally pro,ide the TTTTTTTTTTTT for the new
system.
:. programs
'. networ#
C. analysis
(. documentation
11)
Question 1).
TTTTTTTTTTTT design and implement dataase structures.
:. ;rogrammers
'. ;ro?ect managers
C. Technical writers
(. (ataase administrators
Question 1/.
TTTTTTTTTTTT spend most of their time in the eginning stages of the
S(1C* tal#ing with end-users* gathering information* documenting
systems* and proposing solutions.
:. Systems analysts
'. ;ro?ect managers
C. 9etwor# engineers
(. (ataase administrators
Question 15.
TTTTTTTTTTTT manage the system de,elopment* assign staff* manage
the udget and reporting* and ensure that deadlines are met.
:. ;ro?ect managers
'. 9etwor# engineers
C. Eraphic designers
(. Systems analysts
Question 15.
TTTTTTTTTTTT is the process of translating a tas# into a series of
commands that a computer will use to perform that tas#.
:. ;ro?ect design
'. &nstallation
C. Systems analysis
(. ;rogramming
Question 1@.
(eugging isB
:. creating program code.
'. finding and correcting errors in the program code.
C. identifying the tas# to e computeri!ed.
(. creating the algorithm.
11/
Question 1A.
Translating the prolem statement into a series of se-uential steps
descriing what the program must do is #nown asB
:. coding.
'. deugging.
C. creating the algorithm.
(. writing documentation.
Question 1F.
Translating the algorithm into a programming language occurs at the
TTTTTTTTTTTT step of the ;(1C.
:. (eugging
'. Coding
C. Testing and (ocumentation
(. :lgorithm (e,elopment
Question 1G.
The prolem statement should include all of the following EDCE;TB
:. input.
'. output.
C. processing.
(. storage.
Question )..
The prolem statement includes the TTTTTTTTTTTT* which lists specific
input numers a program would typically e"pect the user to enter and
precise output ,alues that a perfect program would return for those input
,alues.
:. testing plan
'. error handler
C. &;> cycle
(. input-output specification
:nswers
1. c
). c
/. a
5. d
5.
115
@.
A. c
F. d
G. a
1.. a
11. d
1). d
1/. a
15. a
15. d
1@.
1A. c
1F.
1G. d
).. a
2omputer 0etwor#ing &2Q
Question 1B
&n >S& networ# architecture* the dialogue control and to#en management are
responsiility of
a. session layer
. networ# layer
c. transport layer
d. data lin# layer
e. none of ao,e
Question )B
&n >S& networ# architecture* the routing is performed y
a. networ# layer
. data lin# layer
c. transport layer
d. session layer
e. none of ao,e
Question /B
115
0hich of the following performs modulation and demodulationQ
a. fier optics
. satellite
c. coa"ial cale
d. modem
e. none of the ao,e
Question 5B
The process of con,erting analog signals into digital signals so they can e processed y
a recei,ing computer is referred to asB
a. modulation
. demodulation
c. synchroni!ing
d. digitising
Question 5B
+ow many >S& layers are co,ered in the D.)5 standardQ
a. Two
. Three
c. Se,en
d. Si"
e. 9one of ao,e
Question @B
1ayer one of the >S& model is
a. physical layer
. lin# layer
c. transport layer
d. networ# layer
e. none of ao,e
Question AB
The ".)5 standard specifies a
a. techni-ue for start-stop data
. techni-ue for dial access
c. (TE2(CE interface
d. data it rate
e. none of ao,e
11@
Question FB
0hich of the following communication modes support two-way traffic ut in only one
direction at a timeQ
a. simple"
. half duple"
c. three--uarters duple"
d. all of the ao,e
e. none of the ao,e
Question GB
0hich of the following might e used y a company to satisfy its growing
communications needsQ
a. front end processor
. multiple"er
c. controller
d. concentrator
e. all of the ao,e
Collection on httpB22www.cs-mc-s.logspot.com
Question 1.B
0hat is the numer of separate protocol layers at the serial interface gateway specified y
the D.)5 standardQ
a. 5
. )
c. @
d. /
/. none of the ao,e
2orrect Answers7
1. a ). a /. d 5. d
5. @. a A. c F. G. e 1.. d
Question 1B
The interacti,e transmission of data within a time sharing system may e est suited to
a. simple" lines
. half-duple" lines
c. full duple" lines
d. ifle"-lines
Question )B
0hich of the following statement is incorrectQ
11A
a. The difference etween synchronous and asynchronous transmission is the cloc#ing
deri,ed from the data in synchronous transmission.
. +alf duple" line is a communication line in which data can mo,e in two directions* ut
not at the same time.
c. Teleprocessing comines telecommunications and (; techni-ues in online acti,ities
d. 'atch processing is the prefered processing mode for telecommunication operation.
Question /B
0hich of hte following is considered a road and communication channelQ
a. coa"ial cale
. fier optics cale
c. microwa,e circuits
d. all of ao,e
Question 5B
0hich of the following is not a transmission mediumQ
a. telephone lines
. coa"ial cales
c. modem
d. microwa,e systems
Question 5B
0hich of the following does not allow multiple uses or de,ices to share one
communication lineQ
a. douleple"er
. multiple"er
c. concentrator
d. controller
Question @B
0hich of the following signal is not standard =S-)/)-C signalQ
a. P(=
. =TS
c. CTS
d. (S=
Question AB
0hich of the following statement is incorrectQ
a. Multiple"ers are designed to accept data from se,eral &2> de,ices and transmit a
unified stream of data on one communication line
. +(1C is a standard synchronous communication protocol.
c. =TS2CTS is the way the (TE indicates that it is ready to transmit data and the way the
(C0 indicates that it is ready to accept data
d. =TS2CTS is the way the terminal indicates ringing
11F
Question FB
0hich of the following is an ad,antage to using fier optics data transmissionQ
a. resistance to data theft
. fast data transmission rate
c. low noise le,el
d. all of ao,e
Question GB
0hich of the following is re-uired to communicate etween two computersQ
a. communications software
. protocol
c. communication hardware
d. all of ao,e including access to transmission medium
Question 1.B
The transmission signal coding method of T& carrier is called
a. 'ipolar
. 9=`
c. Manchester
d. 'inary
:nswersB
1.
). d
/. d
5. c
5. a
@. a
A. d
F. d
G. d
1.. a
Question 1B
0hich data communication method is used to transmit the data o,er a serial
communication lin#Q
a. simple"
. half-duple"
c. full-duple"
d. and c
e. 9one of ao,e
11G
Question )B
0hat is the minimum numer of wires needed to send data o,er a serial communication
lin# layerQ
a. 1
. )
c. 5
d. @
e. none of ao,e
Question /B
0hich of the following types of channels mo,es data relati,ely slowlyQ
a. wide and channel
. ,oice and challen
c. narrow and channel
Question 5B
Most data communications in,ol,ing telegraph lines useB
a. simple" lines
. wideand channel
c. narrowand channel
d. dialed ser,ice
Question 5B
: communications de,ice that comines transmissions from se,eral &2> de,ices into one
line is a
a. concentrator
. modifier
c. multiple"er
d. full-duple" line
Question @B
+ow much power HroughlyI a light emitting diode can couple into an optical fierQ
a. 1.. microwatts
. 55. microwatts
c. 1.. picowatts
d. 1. miliwatts
Question AB
The synchronous modems are more costly than the asynchronous modems ecause
a. they produce large ,olume of data
1).
. they contain cloc# reco,ery circuits
c. they transmit the data with stop and start its
d. they operate with a larger andwidth
e. none of ao,e
Question FB
0hich of the following statement is correctQ
a. terminal section of a synchronous modem contains the scramler
. recei,er section of a synchronous modem contains the scramler
c. transmission section of a synchronous modem contains the scramler
d. control section of a synchronous modem contains the scramler
e. none of the ao,e
Question GB
&n a synchronous modem* the digital-to-analog con,erter transmits signal to the
a. e-uili!er
. modulator
c. demodulator
d. terminal
e. none of ao,e
Question 1.B
0hich of the following communications lines is est suited to interacti,e processing
applicationsQ
a. narrow and channel
. simple" lines
c. full duple" lines
d. mi"ed and channels
Answers
1. c ). /. c 5. c 5. c @. a A.
F. c G. a 1.. c
QuestionB1
: remote atch-processing operation in which data is solely input to a central computer
would re-uire
a. telegraphp line
. simple" lines
c. mi"ed ad channel
d. all of ao,e
Question )B
1)1
: and is always e-ui,alent to
a. a yte
. a it
c. 1.. its
d. none of ao,e
Question /B
The loss in signal power as light tra,els down the fier is called
a. attenuation
. progragation
c. scattering
d. interruption
Question 5B
:,alanche photodiode recei,ers can detect its of transmitted data y recei,ing
a. 1.. photons
. ).. photons
c. )... photons
d. /.. photons
Question 5B
Communiction circuits that transmit data in oth directions ut not at the same time are
operating in
a. a simple" mode
. a half duple" mode
c. a full duple" mode
d. an asynchronous mode
Question @B
:n e"ample of a medium speed* switched communications ser,ice is
a. series 1...
. data phone 5.
c. (((
d. :ll of the ao,e
Question AB
&n communication satellite* multiple repeaters are #nown as
a. detector
. modulator
c. stations
d. transponders
Question FB
0hile transmitting odd-parity coded symols* the numer of !eros in each symol is
a. odd
1))
. e,en
c. a and oth
d. un#nown
Question GB
(ata communications monitors a,ailale on the software mar#ed include
a. E9P&=>921
. T>T:1
c. ';1
d. Telnet
Question 1.B
:n e"ample of an analog communication method is
a. laser eam
. microwa,e
c. ,oice grade telephone line
d. all of the ao,e
Answers
1.
). d
/. a
5.
5.
@. c
A. d
F. d
G. a
1.. d
QuestionB1
9umer of its per symol used in 'audot code is
a. A
. 5
c. F
d. G
Question )B 0hat is the main difference etween ((CM; and S(1CQ
a. ((CM; does not need special hardware to final the eginning of a message
. ((CM; has a message header
c. S(1C has a &; address
d. S(1C does not use C=C
Question /B:n e"ample of digital* rather than analog* communication is
a. (((
. ((S
1)/
c. 0:TS
d. ((T
Question 5BTerminals are re-uired for
a. real-time* atch processing < time-sharing
. real time* time-sharing < distriuted message processing
c. real time* distriuted processing < manager in-uiry
d. real-time* time sharing < message switching
Question 5BThe recei,e e-uili!er reduces delay distortions using a
a. tapped delay lines
. gearshift
c. descramler
d. difference engine
Question @B&na synchronous modem* the recei,e e-uili!er is #nown as
a. adapti,e e-uili!er
. impariment e-uili!er
c. statistical e-uili!er
d. compromise e-uili!er

Question ABThe channel in the data communication model can e
a. postal mail ser,ices
. telephone lines
c. radio lines
d. any of the ao,e
Question FB : data terminal ser,es as an
a. Effector
. sensor
c. oth a and
d. neither a nor
Question GB0hich of the following transmission systems pro,ide the highest data rate to
in indi,idual de,iceQ
a. computer us
. telephone lines
c. ,oice and mode
d. lease lines
Question 1.B: protocol is a set of rules go,erning a time se-uence of e,ents that must
ta#e place
a. etween peers
. etween an interface
1)5
c. etween modems
d. across an interface
Answers
1.
). a
/.
5. d
5. a
@. a
A. d
F. c
G. a
1.. a
1. The computer network is
A) Network computer with cable
B) Network computer without cable
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above
2. FDD use! which t"pe of ph"sical topolo#"$
A) Bus
B) %in#
C) &tar
D) Tree
'. FT( stan!s for
A) File transfer protocol
B) File transmission protocol
C) Form transfer protocol
D) Form transmission protocol
). *thernet s"stem uses which of the followin# technolo#".
A) Bus
B) %in#
C) &tar
D) Tree
+. ,hich of the followin# are the network services$
A) File service
B) (rint service
C) Database service
D) All of the above
1)5
-. f all !evices are connecte! to a central hub. then topolo#" is calle!
A) Bus Topolo#"
B) %in# Topolo#"
C) &tar Topolo#"
D) Tree Topolo#"
/. FDD stan!s for
A) Fiber Distribute! Data nterface
B) Fiber Data Distribute! nterface
C) Fiber Dual Distribute! nterface
D) Fiber Distribute! Data nterface
0. ,hich of the followin# is an application la"er service$
A) Network virtual terminal
B) File transfer. access an! mana#ement
C) 1ail service
D) All of the above
2. ,hich is the main function of transport la"er$
A) No!e to no!e !eliver"
B) *n! to en! !eliver"
C) &"nchroni3ation
D) 4p!atin# an! maintainin# routin# tables
15. The ............ la"er chan#e bits onto electroma#netic si#nals.
A) (h"sical
B) Transport
C) Data 6ink
D) (resentation
Answers:
*. 2- 'oth of the a!ove
G. '- 8ing
F. A- .ile transfer protocol
(. A- 'us
S. 1- All of the a!ove
2- /tar ,opology
A- .i!er 1istri!uted... Interface
2- &ail service
'- 4nd to end delivery
*). A- 3hysical
1. A network that nee!s human bein#s to manuall" route si#nals is calle!....
A) Fiber 7ptic Network B) Bus Network
C) T8switche! network D) %in# network
2. TC(9( ................. la"er correspon!s to the 7& mo!els to three la"ers.
A) Application B) (resentation
C) &ession D) Transport
'. ,hich of the transport la"er protocols is connectionless$
1)@
A) 4D( B) TC(
C) FT( D) Nvt
). ,hich of the followin# applications allows a user to access an! chan#e
remote files without actual transfer$
A) DN& B) FT(
C) NF& D) Telnet
+. The !ata unit in the TC(9( la"er calle! a .....
A) 1essa#e B) &e#ment
C) Data#ram D) Frame
-. DN& can obtain the ................. of host if its !omain name is known an!
vice versa.
A) &tation a!!ress B) ( a!!ress
C) (ort a!!ress D) Checksum
/. ,hich of the followin# 7& la"ers correspon! to TC(9(:s application la"er$
A) Application B) (resentation
C) &ession D) All of the above
0. Devices on one network can communicate with !evices on another
network via a .......
A) File &erver B) 4tilit" &erver
C) (rinter &erver D) ;atewa"
2. A communication !evice that combines transmissions from several 97
!evices into one line is a
A) Concentrator B) 1o!ifier
C) 1ultiple<er D) Full !uple< file
15. ,hich la"ers of the 7& !etermines the interface often s"stem with the
user$
A) Network B) Application
C) Data link D) &ession
11. ,hich of the followin# of the TC(9( protocols is the use! for transferrin#
files from one machine to another$
A) FT( C) &N1(
B) &1T( D) %pe
12. n which 7& la"ers !oes the FDD protocol operate$
A) (h"sical B) Data link
C) Network D) A an! B
1'. n FDD. !ata normall" travel on ..................
1)A
A) The primar" rin# B) The &econ!ar" rin#
C) Both rin#s D) Neither rin#
1). The ............la"er of 7& mo!el can use the trailer of the frame for error
!etection.
A) (h"sical B) Data link
C) Transport D) (resentation
1+. n a ................topolo#". if there are n !evices in a network. each !evice
has n81 ports for cables.
A) 1esh B) &tar
C) Bus D) %in#
1-. Another name for 4senet is
A) ;opher B) News#roups
C) Browser D) C*%N
1/. The stan!ar! suit of protocols use! b" the nternet. ntranets. e<tranets
an! some other networks.
A) TC(9( B) (rotocol
C) 7pen s"stem D) nternet work processor
10. &tate whether the followin# is True or False.
i) n bus topolo#". heav" Network traffic slows !own the bus spee!.
ii) t is multipoint confi#uration.
A) True. True B) True. False
C) False. True D) False. False
12. ,hich of the followin# is the lo#ical topolo#"$
A) Bus B) Tree
C) &tar D) Both A an! B
25. ,hich of the followin# is9 are the !rawbacks of %in# Topolo#"$
A) Failure of one computer. can affect the whole network
B) A!!in# or removin# the computers !isturbs the network activit".
C) f the central hub fails. the whole network fails to operate.
D) Both of A an! B
Answers:
*. 2- ,%switched networ#
G. A- Application
**. A- .,3
*G. 1- A and '
1)F
F. A- 913
(. 2- 0./
S. 1- .rame
B. '- I3 address
T. 1- All of the a!ove
A. 1- Cateway
U. 2- &ultiplexer
*). '- Application
*F. A- ,he primary ring
*(. A- 3hysical
*S. A- &esh
*B. '- 0ewsgroups
*T. A- ,23"I3
*A. A- ,rue, ,rue
*U. 2- /tar
G). 1- 'oth of A and '
Question 1:
(n =:( net"ork architecture8 the dialo#ue control and token mana#ement are responsibility o!
a. session layer
b. net"ork layer
c. transport layer
d. data link layer
e. none o! abo+e
Question :
(n =:( net"ork architecture8 the routin# is per!ormed by
a. network layer
b. data link layer
c. transport layer d. session layer e. none o! abo+e
Question ):
Which o! the !ollo"in# per!orms modulation and demodulation?
a. !iber optics
b. satellite
c. coa$ial cable
d. modem
1)G
e. none o! the abo+e

Question ,:
3he process o! con+ertin# analo# si#nals into di#ital si#nals so they can be processed by a
recei+in# computer is re!erred to as:
a. modulation
b. demodulation
c. synchroni@in#
d. digitising

Question -:
Ho" many =:( layers are co+ered in the A.- standard?
a. 3"o
b. Three
c. :e+en
d. :i$
e. 6one o! abo+e

Question .:
9ayer one o! the =:( model is
a. physical layer
b. link layer
c. transport layer
d. net"ork layer
1/.
e. none o! abo+e

Question 2:
3he $.- standard speci!ies a
a. techni*ue !or start0stop data
b. techni*ue !or dial access
c. DTE/DCE interface
d. data bit rate
e. none o! abo+e

Question /:
Which o! the !ollo"in# communication modes support t"o0"ay tra!!ic but in only one direction
at a time?
a. simple$
b. half duplex
c. three0*uarters duple$
d. all o! the abo+e

Question 4:
Which o! the !ollo"in# mi#ht be used by a company to satis!y its #ro"in# communications
needs?
a. !ront end processor
b. multiple$er
c. controller
1/1
d. concentrator
e. all of the aboe
Question 15:
What is the number o! separate protocol layers at the serial inter!ace #ate"ay speci!ied by
the A.- standard?
a. ,
b.
c. .
d. !
). none o! the abo+e
Question 1:
3he interacti+e transmission o! data "ithin a time sharin# system may be best suited to
a. simple$ lines
b. half"duplex lines
c. !ull duple$ lines
d. bi!le$0lines
Question :
Which o! the !ollo"in# statement is incorrect?
a. 3he di!!erence bet"een synchronous and asynchronous transmission is the clockin#
deri+ed !rom the data in synchronous transmission.
b. Hal! duple$ line is a communication line in "hich data can mo+e in t"o directions8 but not
at the same time.
c. 3eleprocessin# combines telecommunications and 'P techni*ues in online acti+ities
1/)
d. #atch processing is the prefered processing mode for telecommunication operation.
Question ):
Which o! hte !ollo"in# is considered a broad band communication channel?
a. coa$ial cable
b. !iber optics cable
c. micro"a+e circuits
d. all of aboe
Question ,:
Which o! the !ollo"in# is not a transmission medium?
a. telephone lines
b. coa$ial cables
c. modem
d. micro"a+e systems
Question -:
Which o! the !ollo"in# does not allo" multiple uses or de+ices to share one communication
line?
a. doubleplexer
b. multiple$er
c. concentrator
1//
d. controller
Question .:
Which o! the !ollo"in# si#nal is not standard &:0)0C si#nal?
a. $D%
b. &3:
c. C3:
d. ':&

Question 2:
Which o! the !ollo"in# statement is incorrect?
a. Multiple$ers are desi#ned to accept data !rom se+eral (1= de+ices and transmit a uni!ied
stream o! data on one communication line
b. H'9C is a standard synchronous communication protocol.
c. &3:1C3: is the "ay the '3< indicates that it is ready to transmit data and the "ay the
'CW indicates that it is ready to accept data
d. %T&/CT& is the way the terminal indicates ringing
Question /:
Which o! the !ollo"in# is an ad+anta#e to usin# !iber optics data transmission?
a. resistance to data the!t
b. !ast data transmission rate
c. lo" noise le+el
d. all of aboe
1/5
Question 4:
Which o! the !ollo"in# is re*uired to communicate bet"een t"o computers?
a. communications so!t"are
b. protocol
c. communication hard"are
d. all of aboe including access to transmission medium
Question 15:
3he transmission si#nal codin# method o! 3( carrier is called
a. #ipolar
b. 6&B
c. Manchester
d. 7inary
Question 1:
Which data communication method is used to transmit the data o+er a serial communication
link?
a. simple$ b. hal!0duple$ c. full"duplex
d. b and c
e. 6one o! abo+e
Question :
What is the minimum number o! "ires needed to send data o+er a serial communication link
layer?
a. 1
b. '
c. ,
1/5
d. .
e. none o! abo+e
Question ):
Which o! the !ollo"in# types o! channels mo+es data relati+ely slo"ly?
a. "ide band channel
b. +oice band challen
c. narrow band channel
Question ,:
Most data communications in+ol+in# tele#raph lines use:
a. simple$ lines
b. "ideband channel
c. narrowband channel
d. dialed ser+ice
Question -:
% communications de+ice that combines transmissions !rom se+eral (1= de+ices into one
line is a
a. concentrator
b. modi!ier c. multiplexer d. !ull0duple$ line
Question .:
Ho" much po"er Crou#hlyD a li#ht emittin# diode can couple into an optical !iber?
a. ()) microwatts
b. ,,5 micro"atts
c. 155 pico"atts
d. 15 mili"atts
1/@
Question 2:
3he synchronous modems are more costly than the asynchronous modems because
a. they produce lar#e +olume o! data
b. they contain clock recoery circuits
c. they transmit the data "ith stop and start bits
d. they operate "ith a lar#er band"idth
e. none o! abo+e
Question /:
Which o! the !ollo"in# statement is correct?
a. terminal section o! a synchronous modem contains the scrambler
b. recei+er section o! a synchronous modem contains the scrambler
c. transmission section of a synchronous modem contains the scrambler
d. control section o! a synchronous modem contains the scrambler
Question 4:
(n a synchronous modem8 the di#ital0to0analo# con+erter transmits si#nal to the
a. e*uili+er
b. modulator
c. demodulator
d. terminal
1/A
e. none o! aob+e
Question 15:
Which o! the !ollo"in# communications lines is best suited to interacti+e processin#
applications?
a. narro" band channel
b. simple$ lines
c. full duplex lines
d. mi$ed band channels
Question:1
% remote batch0processin# operation in "hich data is solely input to a central computer
"ould re*uire
a. tele#raphp line
b. simplex lines
c. mi$ed bad channel
d. all o! abo+e
Question :
% band is al"ays e*ui+alent to
a. a byte
b. a bit
c. 155 bits
d. none of aboe
1/F
Question ):
3he loss in si#nal po"er as li#ht tra+els do"n the !iber is called
a. attenuation
b. pro#ra#ation
c. scatterin#
d. interruption
Question ,:
%+alanche photodiode recei+ers can detect bits o! transmitted data by recei+in#
a. 155 photons
b. ')) photons
c. 555 photons
d. )55 photons
Question -:
Communiction circuits that transmit data in both directions but not at the same time are
operatin# in
a. a simple$ mode
b. a half duplex mode
c. a !ull duple$ mode d. an asynchronous mode
Question .:
%n e$ample o! a medium speed8 s"itched communications ser+ice is
a. series 1555
b. data phone -5
c. DDD
d. %ll o! the abo+e
1/G
Question 2:
(n communication satellite8 multiple repeaters are kno"n as
a. detector
b. modulator
c. stations
d. transponders
Question /:
While transmittin# odd0parity coded symbols8 the number o! @eros in each symbol is
a. odd
b. e+en
c. a and b both
d. unknown
Question 4:
'ata communications monitors a+ailable on the so!t"are marked include
a. E,$-%.,/(
b. 3=3%9
c. 7P9
d. 3elnet

Question 15:
%n e$ample o! an analo# communication method is
a. laser beam
b. micro"a+e
c. +oice #rade telephone line
15.
d. all of the aboe
Question:1
Number of bits per symbol used in Baudot code is
a. 7
b. 5
c. 8
d. 9

Question 2:
What is the main difference between DDCMP and SDLC?
a. DDCMP does not need special hardware to final the beginning of a message
b. DDCMP has a message header
c. SDLC has a IP address
d. SDLC does not use CRC
Question 3:
An example of digital, rather than analog, communication is
a. DDD
b. DDS
c. WATS
d. DDT
Question 4:
Terminals are required for
a. real-time, batch processing & time-sharing
b. real time, time-sharing & distributed message processing
c. real time, distributed processing & manager inquiry
d. real-time, time sharing & message switching

Question 5:
The receive equalizer reduces delay distortions using a
a. tapped delay lines
b. gearshift
c. descrambler
d. difference engine

Question 6:
In a synchronous modem, the receive equalizer is known as
151
a. adaptive equilizer
b. impariment equilizer
c. statistical equilizer
d. compromise equilizer
Question 7:
The channel in the data communication model can be
a. postal mail services
b. telephone lines
c. radio lines
d. any of the above
Question 8:
A data terminal serves as an
a. Effector
b. sensor
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
Question 9:
Which of the following transmission systems provide the highest data rate to in individual
device?
a. computer bus
b. telephone lines
c. voice and mode d. lease lines
Question 10:
A protocol is a set of rules governing a time sequence of events that must take place
a. between peers
b. between an interface
c. between modems d. across an interface

1
.

0hich of the following is true when descriing a multicast addressQ
:
.
;ac#ets addressed to a unicast address are deli,ered to a single interface.
'
.
;ac#ets are deli,ered to all interfaces identified y the address. This is also called a
one-to-many address.
C
.
&dentifies multiple interfaces and is only deli,ered to one address. This address can also
e called one-to-one-of-many.
(
.
These addresses are meant for nonrouting purposes* ut they are almost gloally uni-ue
so it is unli#ely they will ha,e an address o,erlap.
15)
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
;ac#ets addressed to a multicast address are deli,ered to all interfaces identified y the
multicast address* the same as in &;,5. &t is also called a one-to-many address. You can
always tell a multicast address in &;,@ ecause multicast addresses always start with FF.
).
0hich of the following is true when descriing a unicast addressQ
:.;ac#ets addressed to a unicast address are deli,ered to a single interface.
'.
These are your typical pulicly routale addresses* ?ust li#e a regular pulicly
routale address in &;,5.
C.These are li#e pri,ate addresses in &;,5 in that they are not meant to e routed.
(.
These addresses are meant for nonrouting purposes* ut they are almost gloally
uni-ue so it is unli#ely they will ha,e an address o,erlap.
Answer7 >ption A
4xplanation7
;ac#ets addressed to a unicast address are deli,ered to a single interface. %or load
alancing* multiple interfaces can use the same address.
/.
To enale >S;%,/* which of the following would you useQ
:.=outer1Hconfig-ifIU ipv6 ospf 10 area 0.0.0.0
'.=outer1Hconfig-ifIU ipv6 router rip 1
C.=outer1HconfigIU ipv6 router eigrp 10
(.=outer1Hconfig-rtrIU no shutdon
E. =outer1Hconfig-ifIU ipv6 eigrp 10
Answer7 >ption A
15/
4xplanation7
To enale >S;%,/* you enale the protocol as with =&;ng. The command string is
ip,@ ospf !pro"ess-id# area !area-id#.
5.
0hat multicast addresses does =&;ng useQ
:.FF0$%%&
'.FF0$%%'
C.FF0$%%(
(.FF0$%%6
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
=&;ng uses the multicast &;,@ address of FF0$%%'. &f you rememer the multicast
addresses for &;,5* the numers at the end of each &;,@ address are the same.
@.
To enale =&;ng* which of the following would you useQ
:.=outer1Hconfig-ifIU ipv6 ospf 10 area 0.0.0.0
'.=outer1Hconfig-ifIU ipv6 router rip 1
C.=outer1HconfigIU ipv6 router eigrp 10
(.=outer1Hconfig-rtrIU no shutdon
E. =outer1Hconfig-ifIU ipv6 eigrp 10
:nswer < E"planation
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
&t3s pretty simple to enale =&;ng for &;,@. You configure it right on the interface
where you want =&; to run with the ip,@ router rip numer command.
A.
0hich of the following is true when descriing a gloal unicast addressQ
'.
155
(.
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
$nli#e unicast addresses* gloal unicast addresses are meant to e routed.
F. 0hat two multicast addresses does >S;%,/ useQ
1. FF0$%%&
). FF0$%%'
/. FF0$%%(
5. FF0$%%6
:.) only
'./ only
C.1 and /
(./ and 5
Answer7 >ption 1
4xplanation7
:d?acencies and ne"t-hop attriutes now use lin#-local addresses* and >S;%,/ still
uses multicast traffic to send its updates and ac#nowledgments with the addresses
FF0$%%( for >S;% routers and FF0$%%6 for >S;% designated routers. These are the
replacements for $$).0.0.( and $$).0.0.6* respecti,ely.
G.
0hat multicast addresses does E&E=;,@ useQ
:.FF0$%%&
'.FF0$%%'
C.FF0$%%(
155
(.FF0$%%6
Answer7 >ption A
4xplanation7
E&E=;,@3s multicast address stayed ,ery near the same. &n &;,5 it was $$).0.0.10S
now it is FF0$%%& H:^1. in he"adecimal notationI.
1.. To enale E&E=;* which of the following would you useQ
1. =outer1Hconfig-ifIU ipv6 ospf 10 area 0.0.0.0
). =outer1Hconfig-ifIU ipv6 router rip 1
/. =outer1HconfigIU ipv6 router eigrp 10
5. =outer1Hconfig-rtrIU no shutdon
5. =outer1Hconfig-ifIU ipv6 eigrp 10
:.1* / and 5
'./* 5 and 5
C.1 and /
(.5 only
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
$nli#e =&;ng and >S;%,/* you need to configure E&E=; oth from gloal
configuration mode and from interface mode* and you ha,e to enale the command
with the no shutdon command.
11.
0hich of the following is true when descriing a lin#-local addressQ
'.
(.
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
15@
1in#-local addresses are meant for throwing together a temporary 1:9 for meetings
or a small 1:9 that is not going to e routed ut needs to share and access files and
ser,ices locally.
1).
0hich of the following is true when descriing a uni-ue local addressQ
'.
(.
Answer7 >ption 1
4xplanation7
These addresses are meant for nonrouting purposes li#e lin#-local* ut they are almost
gloally uni-ue so it is unli#ely they will ha,e an address o,erlap. $ni-ue local
addresses were designed as a replacement for site-local addresses.
1/.
0hich of the following is true when descriing an anycast addressQ
'.
;ac#ets are deli,ered to all interfaces identified y the address. This is also called
one-to-many addresses.
C.
This address identifies multiple interfaces and the anycast pac#et is only deli,ered
to one address. This address can also e called one-to-one-of-many.
(.
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
:nycast addresses identify multiple interfaces* which is the same as multicastS
howe,er* the ig difference is that the anycast pac#et is only deli,ered to one address*
the first one it finds defined in the terms of routing distance. This address can also e
called one-to-one-of-many.
15A
15.
You want to ping the loopac# address of your local host. 0hat will you typeQ
:.ping 1$*.0.0.1
'.ping 0.0.0.0
C.ping %%1
(.tra"e 0.0.%%1
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
The loopac# address with &;,5 is 1$*.0.0.1. 0ith &;,@* that address is %%1.
15. 0hich statementHsI aout &;,5 and &;,@ addresses are trueQ
1. :n &;,@ address is /) its long* represented in he"idecimal.
). :n &;,@ address is 1)F its long* represented in decimal.
/. :n &;,5 address is /) its long* represented in decimal.
5. :n &;,@ address is 1)F its long* represented in he"idecimal.
:.1 and / only
'.) only
C./ and 5
(.) and 5
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
&;,5 addresses are /) its long and are represented in decimal format. &;,@ addresses
are 1)F its long and represented in he"adecimal format.
1.
+ow long is an &;,@ addressQ
:./) its
'.1)F ytes
C.@5 its
(.1)F its
Answer7 >ption 1
15F
4xplanation7 :n &;,@ address is 1)F its long.
).
0hat fla,or of 9etwor# :ddress Translation can e used to ha,e one &; address allow
many users to connect to the gloal &nternetQ
:.9:T '.Static
C.(ynamic (.;:T
Answer7 >ption 1
4xplanation7
;ort :ddress Translation H;:TI allows a one-to-many approach to networ# address
translation.
/. 0hat are the two main types of access control lists H:C1sIQ
1. Standard
). &EEE
/. E"tended
5. Speciali!ed
:.1 and /
'.) and 5
C./ and 5
(.1 and )
Answer7 >ption A
4xplanation7
Standard and e"tended access control lists H:C1sI are used to configure security on a
router.
5.
0hat command is used to create a ac#up configurationQ
:."opy running +a",up
'."opy running-"onfig startup-"onfig
C."onfig mem
(.r mem
15G
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
The command to ac# up the configuration on a router is "opy running-"onfig startup-
"onfig.
5.
You ha,e 1. users plugged into a hu running 1.Mps half-duple". There is a ser,er
connected to the switch running 1.Mps half-duple" as well. +ow much andwidth
does each host ha,e to the ser,erQ
:.1.. #ps
'.1 Mps
C.) Mps
(.1. Mps
Answer7 >ption 1
4xplanation7 Each de,ice has 1. Mps to the ser,er.
@
. 0hich 01:9 &EEE specification allows up to 55Mps at ).5E+!Q
:
.
&
'
.
'
C
.
-
(
.
9
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
&EEE F.).11' is ).5E+!* ut with a ma"imum of only 11Mps. &EEE F.).11E is in the
).5E+! range* with a top speed of 55Mps.
A.
0hich of the following is the ,alid host range for the sunet on which the &; address
1G).1@F.1@F.1FF )55.)55.)55.1G) residesQ
:.1G).1@F.1@F.1)G-1G. '.1G).1@F.1@F.1)G-1G1
C.1G).1@F.1@F.1)F-1G. (.1G).1@F.1@F.1)F-1G)
15.
Answer7 >ption A 4xplanation7)5@ - 1G) ^ @5. @5 K @5 ^ 1)F. 1)F K @5 ^ 1G).
The sunet is 1)F* the roadcast address is 1G1* and the ,alid host range is the numers
in etween* or 1)G-1G..
F.
To ac# up an &>S* what command will you useQ
:.+a",up ./S dis,
'."opy ios tftp
C."opy tftp flash
(."opy flash tftp
Answer7 >ption 1
4xplanation7
The command "opy flash tftp will prompt you to ac# up an e"isting &>S in flash to a
T%T; host.
G.
0hat protocol does ;;; use to identify the 9etwor# layer protocolQ
:.9C; '.&S(9
C.+(1C (.1C;
Answer7 >ption A
4xplanation7
9etwor# Control ;rotocol is used to help identify the 9etwor# layer protocol used in
the pac#et.
1..
0hich of the following commands will allow you to set your Telnet password on a
Cisco routerQ
:.line telnet 0 )
'.line au0 0 )
C.line vty 0 )
(.line "on 0
151
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
The command line vty 0 ) places you in a prompt that will allow you to set or change
your Telnet password.
11.
0hich protocol does (+C; use at the Transport layerQ
:.&; '.TC;
C.$(; (.:=;
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
$ser (atagram ;rotocol is a connection networ# ser,ice at the Transport layer* and
(+C; uses this connectionless ser,ice.
1).
0hich command is used to determine if an &; access list is enaled on a particular
interfaceQ
:.sho a""ess-lists
'.sho interfa"e
C.sho ip interfa"e
(.sho interfa"e a""ess-lists
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
The sho ip interfa"e command will show you if any outound or inound interfaces
ha,e an access list set.
1/.
0here is a hu specified in the >S& modelQ
:.Session layer
'.;hysical layer
15)
C.(ata 1in# layer
(.:pplication layer
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
+us regenerate electrical signals* which are specified at the ;hysical layer.
15.
0hat does the passive command pro,ide to dynamic routing protocolsQ
:.Stops an interface from sending or recei,ing periodic dynamic updates.
'.
Stops an interface from sending periodic dynamic updates ut not from recei,ing
updates.
C.Stops the router from recei,ing any dynamic updates.
(.Stops the router from sending any dynamic updates.
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
The passive command* short for passi,e-interface* stops regular updates from eing
sent out an interface. +owe,er* the interface can still recei,e updates.
15.
0hich protocol is used to send a destination networ# un#nown message ac# to
originating hostsQ
:.TC; '.:=;
C.&CM; (.'oot;
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
&CM; is the protocol at the 9etwor# layer that is used to send messages ac# to an
originating router.
1@.
+ow often are ';($s sent from a layer ) de,iceQ
:.9e,er
15/
'.E,ery ) seconds
C.E,ery 1. minutes
(.E,ery /. seconds
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
E,ery ) seconds* ';($s are sent out from all acti,e ridge ports y default.
1A.
+ow many roadcast domains are created when you segment a networ# with a 1)-
port switchQ
:.1 '.)
C.5 (.1)
Answer7 >ption A
4xplanation7
'y default* switches rea# up collision domains ut are one large roadcast domain.
1F.
0hat does the command router&1"onfig23line "ons 0 allow you to perform ne"tQ
:.Set the Telnet password.
'.Shut down the router.
C.Set your console password.
(.(isale console connections.
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
The command line "onsole 0 places you at a prompt where you can then set your
console user-mode password.
155
1G.
0hich router command allows you to ,iew the entire contents of all access listsQ
:.sho all a""ess-lists
'.sho a""ess-lists
C.sho ip interfa"e
(.sho interfa"e
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
To see the contents of all access lists* use the sho a""ess-lists command.
)..
0hich class of &; address has the most host addresses a,ailale y defaultQ
:.:
'.'
C.C
(.: and '
Answer7 >ption A
4xplanation7
Class : addressing pro,ides )5 its for host addressing.
5. 0hich statementHsI aout &;,@ addresses are trueQ
1. 1eading !eros are re-uired.
). Two colons HBBI are used to represent successi,e he"adecimal fields of !eros.
/. Two colons HBBI are used to separate fields.
5. : single interface will ha,e multiple &;,@ addresses of different types.
:.1 and /
'.) and 5
C.1* / and 5
(.:ll of the ao,e
Answer7 >ption '
155
4xplanation7
&n order to shorten the written length of an &;,@ address* successi,e fields of !eros may
e replaced y doule colons. &n trying to shorten the address further* leading !eros
may also e remo,ed. Just as with &;,5* a single de,ice3s interface can ha,e more than
one addressS with &;,@ there are more types of addresses and the same rule applies.
There can e lin#-local* gloal unicast* and multicast addresses all assigned to the
same interface.
)1.
&n a networ# with do!ens of switches* how many root ridges would you ha,eQ
:.1 '.)
C.5 (.1)
Answer7 >ption A
4xplanation7You should ha,e only one root ridge per networ#.
)).
0hat ;;; protocol pro,ides dynamic addressing* authentication* and multilin#Q
:.9C; '.+(1C
C.1C; (.D.)5
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
1in# Control ;rotocol in the ;;; stac# pro,ides dynamic addressing* authentication*
and multilin#.
)/.
0hat is a stu networ#Q
:.: networ# with more than one e"it point.
'.: networ# with more than one e"it and entry point.
C.: networ# with only one entry and no e"it point.
(.: networ# that has only one entry and e"it point.
Answer7 >ption 1
15@
4xplanation7
Stu networ#s ha,e only one connection to an internetwor#. >nly default routes can
e set on a stu networ# or networ# loops may occur.
)5.
&f your router is facilitating a CS$2(S$* which of the following commands do you
need to use to pro,ide the router with a @5...ps serial lin#Q
:.4outer&1"onfig23+andidth 6)
'.4outer&1"onfig-if23+andidth 6)000
C.4outer&1"onfig-if23"lo", rate 6)
(.4outer&1"onfig-if23"lo", rate 6)000
Answer7 >ption 1
4xplanation7
The "lo", rate command is two words* and the speed of the line is in ps.
)5.
0hich one of the following is true regarding P1:9sQ
:.Two P1:9s are configured y default on all Cisco switches.
'.
P1:9s only wor# if you ha,e a complete Cisco switched internetwor#. 9o off-
rand switches are allowed.
C.You should not ha,e more than 1. switches in the same PT; domain.
(.PT; is used to send P1:9 information to switches in a configured PT; domain.
Answer7 >ption 1
4xplanation7
Switches do not propagate P1:9 information y defaultS you must configure the
PT; domain. P1:9 Trun#ing ;rotocol HPT;I is used to propagate P1:9
information across a trun# lin#.
)@.
0hat does a P1:9 doQ
:.:cts as the fastest port to all ser,ers.
'.;ro,ides multiple collision domains on one switch port.
C.'rea#s up roadcast domains in a layer ) switch internetwor#.
15A
(.;ro,ides multiple roadcast domains within a single collision domain.
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
P1:9s rea# up roadcast domains at layer ).
)A.
0hat is the main reason the >S& model was createdQ
:.To create a layered model larger than the (o( model.
'.So application de,elopers can change only one layer3s protocols at a time.
C.So different networ#s could communicate.
(.So Cisco could use the model.
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
The primary reason the >S& model was created was so that different networ#s could
inter-operate.
)F.
+ow many collision domains are created when you segment a networ# with a 1)-port
switchQ
:.1 '.)
C.5 (.1)
Answer7 >ption 1
4xplanation7
1ayer ) switching creates indi,idual collision domains.
)G.
0hat command will display the line* protocol* (1C&* and 1M& information of an
interfaceQ
:.sh pv"
'.sho interfa"e
15F
C.sho frame-relay pv"
(.sho run
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7The sho interfa"e command shows the line* protocol* (1C&* and 1M&
information of an interface.
/..
0hich protocol does ;ing useQ
:.TC; '.:=;
C.&CM; (.'oot;
Answer7 >ption 2
4xplanation7
&CM; is the protocol at the 9etwor# layer that is used to send echo re-uests and
replies.
/1.
0hich command is used to upgrade an &>S on a Cisco routerQ
:."opy tftp run
'."opy tftp start
C."onfig net
(."opy tftp flash
Answer7 >ption 1 4xplanation7 The "opy tftp flash command places a new file in
flash memory* which is the default location for the Cisco &>S in Cisco routers.
/).
&f you wanted to delete the configuration stored in 9P=:M* what would you typeQ
:.erase startup
'.erase nvram
C.delete nvram
(.erase running
Answer7 >ption A
4xplanation7 The command erase startup-"onfig deletes the configuration stored in
9P=:M.
15G
//. 0hat protocols are used to configure trun#ing on a switchQ
1. P1:9 Trun#ing ;rotocol
). P1:9
/. F.).1Q
5. &S1
:.1 and )
'./ and 5
C.1 only
(.) only
Answer7 >ption '
4xplanation7
PT; is not right ecause it has nothing to do with trun#ing e"cept that it sends P1:9
information across a trun# lin#. F.).1Q and &S1 are used to configure trun#ing on a
port.
1. n mesh topolo#". relationship between one !evice an! another
is ..............
A) (rimar" to peer
B) (eer to primar"
C) (rimar" to secon!ar"
D) (eer to (eer
2. The performance of !ata communications network !epen!s on ..............
A) Number of users
B) The har!ware an! software
C) The transmission
D) All of the above
'. Fin! out the 7& la"er. which performs token mana#ement.
A) Network 6a"er
B) Transport 6a"er
C) &ession 6a"er
D) (resentation 6a"er
). The name of the protocol which provi!es virtual terminal in TC(9( mo!el
is.
A) Telnet
B) &1T(
C) =TT(
1@.
+. The la"er one of the 7& mo!el is
A) (h"sical la"er
B) 6ink la"er
C) %outer la"er
D) Broa!cast la"er
-. ,hat is the name of the network topolo#" in which there are bi8!irectional
links between each possible no!e$
A) %in#
B) &tar
C) Tree
D) 1esh
/. ,hat is the commonl" use! unit for measurin# the spee! of !ata
transmission$
A) B"tes per secon!
B) Bau!
C) Bits per secon!
D) Both B an! C
0. ,hich of the communication mo!es support two wa" traffic but in onl"
once !irection of a time$
A) &imple<
B) =alf8!uple<
C) Three 8 >uarter:s !uple<
D) Full !uple<
2. The loss in si#nal power as li#ht travels !own the fiber is calle! .............
A) Attenuation
B) (ropa#ation
C) &catterin#
D) nterruption
15. ,hich of the followin# TC(9( protocols is use! for transferrin# files form
one machine to another.
A) FT(
B) &N1(
C) &1T(
D) %(C
Answers:
*. 1- 3eer to 3eer
G. 1- All of the a!ove
1- &esh
'- 'aud
1@1
F. 2- /ession Layer
(. A- ,elnet
S. A- 3hysical layer
'- =alf%duplex
A- Attenuation
*). A- .,3
1. ,hich of the followin# is not the la"er of TC(9( protocol$
A) Application 6a"er
B) &ession 6a"er
C) Transport 6a"er
D) nternetwork la"er
2. ................... a!!ress use / bits for the ?network@ an! 2) bits for the
?host@ portion of the ( a!!ress.
A) Class A
B) Class B
C) Class C
D) Class D
'. ............. a!!resses are reserve! for multicastin#.
A) Class B
B) Class C
C) Class D
D) Class *
). &tate the followin# statement is true or false.
i) n class B a!!resses a total of more than 1 billion a!!resses can be
forme!.
ii) Class * a!!resses are reserve! for future or e<perimental use.
A) True. False
B) True. True
C) False. True
D) False. False
+. ,hich of the followin# statement is true$
i) An a!!ress with all bits 1 is interprete! as all networks or all hosts.
ii) The class A network 120.5.5.5 is !efine! as the loopback network.
A) i onl"
B) ii onl"
C) Both A an! B
D) None of the above
-. ,hich is not the %e#ional nternet %e#isters A%%) of the followin#$
A) American %e#istr" for nternet Numbers AA%N)
B) *uropeans %e#istr" for nternet Numbers A*%N)
C) %eseau< ( *uropeans A%(*)
1@)
D) Asia (acific Network nformation Centre AA(NC)
/. 1atch the followin# *** No to their correspon!in# Name for *** 052
stan!ar!s for 6ANs.
i) 052.' a) ,iFi
ii) 052.11 b) ,i1a
iii) 052.1+.1 c) *thernet
iv) 052.1- !) Bluetooth
A) i8b. ii8c. iii8!. iv8a
B) i8c. ii8!. iii8a. iv8b
C) i8c. ii8a. iii8!. iv8b
D) i8b. ii8!. iii8c. iv8a
0. ........... was the first step in the evolution of *thernet from a coa<ial cable
bus to hub mana#e!. twiste! pair network.
A) &tar 6AN
B) %in# 6AN
C) 1esh 6AN
D) All of the above
2. ............... is the pre!ominant form of Fast *thernet. an! runs over two
pairs of cate#or" + or above cable.
A) 155 BA&*8T
B) 155 BA&*8TB
C) 155 BA&*8T)
D) 155 BA&*8T2
15. *** 052.'ab !efines ;i#abit *thernet transmission over unshiel!e!
twiste! pair A4T() cate#or" +. +e or - cablin# known as ....................
A) 1555 BA&*8T
B) 1555 BA&*8&B
C) 1555 BA&*86B
D) 1555 BA&*8CB
Answers:
*. '- /ession Layer
G. A- 2lass A
F. 2- 2lass 1
(. '- ,rue, ,rue
S. A- i only
'- 4uropeans ..... >48I0-
2- i%c, ii%a, iii%d, iv%!
A- /tar LA0
'- *)) 'A/4%,@
*). A- *))) 'A/4%,
Q*.A,& !rea#s all traffic into SF%'yte cells !ecause
:.5/-'yte cells are the ideal si!e for the ,oice communication
1@/
'.5/-'yte cells are the ideal si!e for data communication
C.5/-'yte cells are the ideal si!e for circuit switching
(.5/-'yte cells are the compromised si!e for oth ,oice and data
communication
QG.What gives A,& networ# the a!ility to operate at different data
rates and why?
:.&ts short*fi"ed length cellsB:llows the prediction of the si!e of uffers
to e used.
'.&ts short*fi"ed length cellsBEnales the cells to e transported ,ia
different routes.
C.&ts short*fi"ed length cellsBShort delays for ,oice traffic.
(.it3s short*5-'yte headerB1ess delay for routing the cells.
QF.Why is A,& the goal for future networ#ing?
:.&t is efficient for data transfer.
'.&t3s the only technology suitale for transmission of digital tele,ision.
C.&t allows the integration of ,oice*data and ,ideo into one networ#.
(.&t creates an error free networ#.
Q(.Why is .rame 8elay$s throughput lower than that of A,&?
:.%rame =elaying ha,e error controlH:=QI functionality ut not :TM.
'.:TM does not need to ha,e C=C chec#ing2generation or it stuffings
functionality in the
pac#ets as in %rame =elay.
C.%rame =elaying needs to do multiple"ing of logical channels ut not
:TM.
(.:lthough oth %rame relay and :TM ha,e frame oundary
recognitionHflagsI *:TM dosen3t
1@5
ha,e it stuffing as in frame =elaying.
QS.Which of the following is done in the physical layer of the A,&
networ#?
:.Cell multiple"ing and demultiple"ing
'.Eeneric flow control
C.Transmission frame generation2reco,ery
(.Monitoring of the user information field for it errors and possile
correcti,e actions
QB.A,& is said to !e a connection oriented technology.What does
this mean and why is it necessary?
:.Cells tra,els through the same path to the recei,er.'y This*cell do not
ha,e to e rearranged.
'.Cells tra,els through different paths.Therefore cells can reach the
recei,er faster.
C.: path is reser,ed e"clusi,ely for one user.:rrangement of cells is not
necessary
(.Cells are transmitted using fire optic cales.Cells would e less
susceptile to errors.
QT.Which of the following is not the function of the AAL?
:.Cell header generation.
'.+andling of lost and misinserted cell.
C.+andling of cell delay ,ariation.
(.Segmentation and reassemly of user information.
QA.Which of the following is not the !enifit of an A,& LA0 ?
:.'etter performance concerning with delays.
'.Pery high aggeregate throughput
C.&nterconnecting e"isting 1:9s
(.Simpler control and networ# management.
QU.What advantage does A,& have over /,& ?
1@5
:.$nli#e :TM*time slots pro,ided y STM for a particular user cannot
e graed y another
user.
'.&t is cheaper to implement.
C.:TM is suitale for real time traffic ut not :TM
(.Time slots for STM occurs at regular inter,als.
Q*).Which of the following is not true a!out the difference of '%
I/10 as compared to I/10?
:.'-&S(9 pro,ides for communication ser,ices with ,ery high it rate
re-uirements such as
digital tele,ision
'.'-&S(9 uses optical fire cale whereas &S(9 ma#es us of the
e"isting infrastructure.
C.'-&S(9 uses only pac#et switching whereas &S(9 does not perform
pac#et switching.
(.The it rate for &S(9 is prespecified unli#e '-&S(9
Answer for Q1
l (
%or ,oice communication*smaller cells will e etter in terms or
reducing delay for ,oice pac#ets./)-'yte sells will e ideal.'ut for data
communication *larger cells will e etter in order to minimise the
amount of segmentation and reassemly that has to e carried out.: @5-
'yte cell would e ideal in this case.:s a compromise*a 5/-'yte cell
comprising of a 5F-yte payload was choosen.
Answer for Q2
l :
0ith fi"ed si!ed cells*uffer sise could e predicted and suited according
to to the re-uired it rate.This ensures that the uffers are not o,erfilled
causing loss of information.
Answer for Q3
l C
The short cells of the :TM ensures that real time traffic such as ,oice
can e transmitted together with data with a ,ery small delay.+ence =eal
time traffic can e integrated with data.
1@@
Answer for Q4
l '
&n %rame =elaying*Some of the functionalities of D.)5 such as error
control *flow control and multiple"ing of logical channels ha,e een
remo,ed.+owe,er it still retains functionlities such as C=C
chec#ing2generation*it stuffing*frame oundary recognitionHflagsI.:ll
these functionalities are not needed in :TM.That is why %rame relaying
has lower throughput.
Answer for Q5
l C
H:I < H'I are done in the :TM layer
H(I is done is the ::1 layer
Answer for Q6
l :
: connection oriented technology is when e,ery cell transmission tra,els
o,er the same route*which is specified during a cell setup.Since all cells
tra,el through the same route*no cell that was transmitted earlier would
arri,e later than the one transmitted later.This reduces delay as there is
no need to rearrange the cells.
: connection ser,ice has no fi"ed route.Cells could ta#e different routes
and hence rearranging of cells must e done.This introduces e"tra delay
which is not suitale for real time traffic.
Answer for Q7
l :
Cell header generation2e"traction is done in the :TM layer
Answer for Q8
l :
:TM introduces additional delay due to the pac#eti!ation and
depac#eti!ation of speech in con?unction with speech connections.This
gi,e rise to more echo prolems than today3s telephone networ#s.More
echo cancellation de,ices will ha,e to e deployed.
Answer for Q9
l :
STM is commonly used to transmit digital ,oice.&t is a Time di,ision
multiple"ing system ased on a period of time called the frame*which is
1@A
di,ided e-ually into as many time slots as there are ,oice channels.Each
time slot occursat regular inter,als and represents one ,oice call. &nstead
of addresses*STM technology identifies data y its position within a
frame and hence time slots cannot e shared although the tal#er is silent.
:TM technology howe,er uses a header containing an address
representing the destination and hence does not re-uire the identification
of data on the asis of a particular time slot within a frame.Therefore
when a caller is silent*the time slot can e graed as destination of data
is still #nown.
Answer for Q10
l C
;ac#et switching is performed in &S(9 on only the ( channel.
What is the re+uirement of dns?
1atest :nswer B Each and e,ery system on the networ# has its indi,idual and
uni-ue &; address ut we cannot rememer the &; address of all* so we ha,e
assigned a particular name to each &p address* which is #nown as domain name. ...
What is the difference !etween domain 5 wor#group?
1atest :nswer B (omainB1I Centrali!ed :dministration.)I Security of (ata* $ser
< Eroups/ISer,er < Clients 'ased5I0indows )... < )../ Ser,er or :d,ance
Support %or Ser,er Configuration5I%ile* %older < $ser < Eroup ;ermission we
can assign.0>=NE=>$;
1omain 0ame /ystem
Can a machine with a single (9S name ha,e multiple &; addresses..Q&f* +ow
Could this occur..Q
1atest :nswer B To answer your -uestion in short* yes it can happen. (9S* the
(omain 9ame Ser,ice* as you would #now* is used to help us resol,e %ully
Qualified (omain 9ames H%Q(9I to &; addresses. There are different ,ersions of
(9S systems running all o,er the &nternet
0etwor# 3rotocols
'enefits of P;9 Q (ifference etween 1)T; and ;;T; ;rotocols
1atest :nswer B : Pirtual ;ri,ate 9etwor# H P;9I deli,ers pri,ate networ#
ser,ices o,er a pulic infrastructure. :n &; P;9 is a partitioned pri,ate networ#
constructed o,er a shared &;-ased ac#one that utili!es technologies to ensure
pri,acy of data. 'enefits&ntranet
=ow do you configure 3roxy /erver in Windows
1atest :nswer B To configure pro"y ser,er in windows first install the ) lan cards
one for internet connection and another one for sharing internet connection to
1@F
clients pc . now first configure &nternet connection and then gi,e the &; to )nd lan
card for e". 1G).1@F...1 ...
What is 3rivate I3? Cive an example?
1atest :nswer B Three loc#s of &; addresses are reser,ed for pri,ate use and are
not routed o,er the &nternet. Companies can assign these addresses to nodes on
their pri,ate 1:9s at any time without conflict. ED:M;1EBBB
What is file system? =ow a file is organised in file system? Cive few
examples?
1atest :nswer B %:T1@-%ile :llocation Tale 1@-it Supports upto (>S@.))
0indows /.12/.112G52GF%:T/)-%ile :llocation Tale /)-it Supports 0indows
G52GF20indows )...2"p2)../+;%S-+igh ;erformance %ils System Supports
9T2)...2"p2)../9T%S-9ew Technoloy %ile System Supports ...
Q. What is the difference !etween collision domain and !roadcast domain
'roadcast (omainB : set of all de,ices that recie,e roadcast frames originating
from any de,ice within the set. 'roadcast domains are typically ounded y
routers Hor* in a switched networ#* y P1:9sI ecause routers do not forward
roadcast frames.
Collision (omainB &n Ethernet* the networ# area within which frames that ha,e
collided are propagated. =epeaters and +us prpagate collisions* 1:9 switches
and ridges do not.
Q. What is a MLA0?What does MLA0 provide?
: technology called P1:9 HPirtual 1:9 roadcast domains logically segmented
on an Ethernet switchI trun#ing that was once primarily the domain of networ#
switches has now tric#led down to the rest of the (ata Center to address these
issues. 9ow it is possile for these multi-homing de,ices to e multi-homing in
function without the need for multiple physical networ# adapters and the
additional infrastructure associated with them. P1:9 trun#ing allows a single
networ# adapter to eha,e as WnX numer of ,irtual networ# adapters* where XnX
has a theoretical upper limit of 5.G@ ut is typically limited to 1... P1:9
networ# segments. &n the case where a single gigait Ethernet adapter is trun#ed in
place of using multiple %astEthernet adapters* higher performance at a lower cost
while increasing fle"iility can e achie,ed. This really is the est of all worlds. &n
this article* & will gi,e you an o,er,iew of P1:9 trun#ing* how it wor#s what it is
used for.
What is &9@ and explain how mux wor#s?
1atest :nswer B &t selects one of many analog or digital data sources and outputs
that source into a single channel. :n electronic multiple"er functions as multiple
1@G
input* single output switch. : multiple"er has multiple inputs and a selector that
connects a specific
P1:9 is a technology y which we can administrati,ely assign different ports of
the same layer) switch to different sunetwor#s. This is particularly useful when
different departments of a company ha,e offices in different floors of the same
office. The different departments can e connected ,ia a layer) switch * which is
ha,ing configuration for other sunetwor# also. So practically the same switch
acts as if it is more than one. ;ac#ets destined for the specific sunetwor# are
forwarded to those ports only. 'ut the switch does not ma#e any routing decisions.
%or interconnecting different sunetwor#s* routers are needed.
P1:9 essentially pro,ides segmentation etween different sunetwor#s.
Why WI0/ server is re+uired?
1atest :nswer B 0indows &nternet 9aming Ser,ice H0&9SI is an older networ#
ser,ice Ha protocolI that ta#es computer names as input and returns the numeric &;
address of the computer with that name or ,ice ,ersa. 0&9S was designed to
replace the 1M+>STS file functionality
Q.What is su!netting? why is it used?
: portion of a networ# that shares a common address component. >n TC;2&;
networ#s* sunets are defined as all de,ices whose &; :ddress ha,e the same
prefi". %or e"ample* all de,ices with &; addresses that start with 1...1...1...
would e part of the same sunet. (i,iding a networ# into sunets is useful for
oth security and performance reasons. &; networ#s are di,ided using a sunet
mas#
Supernetting is di,iding the Sunet into different sunets each one of them has its
particular re-uired needs * such as 9umer of 9etwor#s and 9umer of +osts
What is 1;8A process?V
1atest :nswer B (>=: stands for disco,er * offer * re-uest and
ac#nowledgementwhen we install a dhcp ser,er into our networ# then dhcp ser,er
wor#s on the asis of dora process first dhcp ser,er sends a hello message in to the
networ# to disco,er the clients pc and when
What is the role of 0etwor# administrator?
1atest :nswer B The =ole of 9etwor# :dministrator areBm Maintain networ#
hardware and software m :ssign networ# address and routing protocolsm Configure
routing tale * authentication and authori!ationm ;ro,ide support ser,icesm Ensure
that the networ# is used efficiently ...
What is the advantage and disadvantage of local area networ#s?
1A.
1atest :nswer B 1:9 :d,antagesBm 0or#stations can share peripheral de,ices li#e
printers. This is cheaper than uying a printer for e,ery wor#stations. m
0or#stations do not necessarily need their own hard dis# or C(-=>M dri,es
which ma#e them cheaper to uy than stand-alone
What do u exactly mean !y end to end delivery of pac#ets?>i.e n"w layer and
transport layer-
1atest :nswer B hai actually end to end deli,ery of pac#ets is done y networ#
layer. 9etwor# layer is responsile for the pac#ets to e deli,ered with reliaility
for e,ery lin# i.e for e,ery routers it come across its path.so pac#et is deli,ered
with ...
What is Active 1irectory? =ow does it wor#?
1atest :nswer B :( stores and organi!es information aout a computer networ#3s
users and networ# resources* and that allows networ# administrators to manage
users3 access to the resources
Whats are the core differences 'etween ,23 and 913?
1atest :nswer B TC;B1.Connection oriented - / way handsha#e).all pac#ets
transferred etween a client and ser,er ta#es the same path/.=eliale pac#et
dele,ery5.Error reporting mechanism a,ailale5.Slow process as it waits for ac#
efore sending ne"t pac#et@.>rdered deli,ery ...
1escri!e how data can !e effectively communicated from the transmitter to
the receiver?
1atest :nswer B (ata can e effecti,ily transmmited through E1 leased line.'ut E1
leased line is ,ery Costly. so y using P;9 H Pirtual ;ri,ate 9etwor#I 0e send
data ,ery effecti,ily in less cost than E1 leased line.Ppn also need internet
connection to send data from ...
What is Ipsec tunneling, how it wor#s?
1atest :nswer B &; tunneling H&; encapsulationI is a techni-ue to encapsulate &;
datagram within &; datagrams* which allows datagrams destined for one &;
address to e wrapped and redirected to another &; address. &; encapsulation is
now commonly used in E"tranet* Moile-&;*
What is the difference !etween ,23"I3 host name and net'I;/ host name?
1atest :nswer B %Q(M Htcp2ipI use (9S to resol,e name to ip addy9et'&>S uses
0&9S to resol,e name to ip addy ...
What are the Advantages and 1isadvantages of 1=23?
1atest :nswer B (+C; is dynamic host configuratio protocol. &t is assing
automatic ip address to client machine. :d,antage B- &t minimi!e the
administrati,e urden. 'y using (+C; there is no chance to conflict ip address.
(+C; support multiple scope li#e ...
What is 8ecovery 2onsole?
1A1
1atest :nswer B =eco,ery console is command line utility. That allow you to
access harddis# of your ser,er.&t is used for trouleshooting purpose. The
Command li#e 1ists,c - to see the ser,ices* it is allow u to start or stop ser,ice
duing system login.dis#part
What is 481>4mergency 8epair 1is#-?
1atest :nswer B Emergency =epair (is#* an E=( is a dis#ette that creates ac#ups
of important system files and settings and is used to help trouleshootand fi"
issues for Microsoft 0&99T and 0&9 ).... The E=( is used in con?unction with
the 0indows
What is the difference !etween 3;3F and I&A3 &ail /erver?
1atest :nswer B &M:; is a standard protocol for accessing e-mail from a local
ser,er. : simpler e-mail protocol is ;ost >ffice ;rotocol / H;>;/I* which
downloads mail to the computer and does not maintain the mail on the
ser,er.&M:;* e-mail messages are stored on the
What is ost file?
1atest :nswer B &n Microsoft >ffice >utloo# )../* a new offline folder file
format is introduced that offers greater storage capacity for items and folders and
supports multilingual $nicode data. :n offline file folder is used to #eep a local
copy of your ...
What is the 3ros and 2ons of layer design?
1atest :nswer B & #now only the ad,antages of 1ayered design. 0e can treat each
layer as a prolem area. Say for e"ample* data lin# layer* people can concentrate
only on the de,ice dri,er only* they dont need to worry aout the networ# related
meaning how the pac#et
What the difference !etween 10/ and WI0/?
%or a lot of people* the relationship etween 0&9S and (9S is a it of a mystery.
%irstly* (9S refers to 3(omain 9ame Ser,er*30&9S refers to 30indows &nternet
9ame Ser,ice3 R
1atest :nswer B (9Sc(omain naming ser,icec can resol,e c9:ME to
&;:((=ESSc and it also #nown as %Q(9H%ully -ualified domain nameI for
E"ampleB - 0&;=>.C>M0&9Sc0indows internet naming ser,icec can resol,e
only 9ET'&>S name to &;:((=ESS only.
=ow you 8e%cover ,he crashed files in outloo#? What is the
Limitation>users- of outloo#?
1atest :nswer B +iwe can retrei,e a crashed outloo# file with a SC:9;ST.EDE
file.u can find this scanpst e"ecutale file in all windowsHGF*)...*"pI platforms.so
u search this file in ur cBprogramfilescommon folder.so dont worry when ur
outloo# file crashed and dont ...
1A)
What is the main purpose for creating this ;/I 8eference &odel ? Why it
is a layered model?
1atest :nswer B >si reference model consisting of A layers hepls the data to e
mo,ed in more optimal from source to the destination.:nd here the protocols are
etter hidden so the furhter enhancement can e done easily.This reference model
can e used for oth connection ...
What is layer%F switch?
1atest :nswer B : layer ) switch pro,ides switching: 1ayer / switch pro,ides
Switching as well as =outing ...
What is an email client? what is difference !etween email client and we!
mail?
1atest :nswer B Email ClientEmail clients download your emails onto your
computer. $sing a speciali!ed email program such as >utloo# E"press or :pple
Mail has the ad,antage of gi,ing you complete control o,er your emailS e,ery
email you recei,e is placed on your computer
You can ping servers on the su!net your wor#station is on, !ut not other
su!nets. What is wrong?
1atest :nswer B That is a TC; ip rule you can3t ping to another sunet why
ecause of if you try to communicate to another machine the machine3s TC;2&;
protocol suite will chec# y using :9( ing the destination &;. &if it doesn3t mach
the sunet it will send that re-uest ...
What is the vlan ? how it is wor#?
1atest :nswer B P1:9 also refers to a 1:9 port grouping within a single switch.
P1:9s impro,e security y isolating groups. : P1:9 is a ridging domain and
all roadcast and multicast traffic is contained within it. ...
Which protocol is used for retrieving mails?
1atest :nswer B ;>;/ and &M:;5 are used to retrie,e mails.;>ST >%%&CE
;=>T>C>1 PE=S&>9 /&9TE=9ET MESS:EE :CCESS ;=>T>C>1
PE=S&>9 5&M:;5 stores a copy of message on the ser,er whereas ;>;/ does
not. ...
What is piggy !ac#ing?
1atest :nswer B The techni-ue of temporary delaying outgoing ac#nowledgements
so that they can e hoo#ed onto ne"t outgoing data frame is #nown as
;iggyac#ing.Hdone to use andwidth effecti,elyI ...
What is the default su!net mas# for an ipvB address ?
1atest :nswer B (efault Sunet mas# for &;P@ is )55.)55.)55.)55.. ...
What is fragmentation of a pac#et ?
1atest :nswer B di,iding a pac#et into mutiple frames to e processed in the data
lin# layer is fragmentation of pac#ets. ...
1A/
What is &,9 of a lin# ?
1atest :nswer B Ma"imum Transmission $nit is the largest physical pac#et si!e*
measured in ytes* that a networ# can transmit. :ny messages larger than the
MT$ are di,ided into smaller pac#ets efore eing sent. E,ery networ# has a
different MT$* ...
0ame any field of I3 header that can prevent a pac#et to loop infinitely ?
1atest :nswer B o,iously it s time to li,eHTT1Iit fi"es up a time to reach*if it s
not reached within that stipulated time*it is eing #illed y the auto timer...
9nder what situations a pac#et can go into infinite loop in a networ# ?
1atest :nswer B if the following two conditions are simultaneously trueB1. routing
error leading to a loop). the TT1 field of the &; pac#et is not properly
decremented at each hop ...
1escri!e a F%way ,23"I3 =andsha#e?
1atest :nswer B The communication 2w two tcp host are estalished y using /-
way handsha#ing.these are re-uest * ac#nowldgement *and data
transfer.transmitting host sent re-uest to recei,ing host*recei,ing host sent :CN to
senting host and then data is transfer ...
What difference !etween a directory and active directory?
1atest :nswer B what is an acti,e directory under windows ser,er )../*what does
it do*how why do we need it.tha" ...
2an we use static and dynamic routing in one networ#?
1atest :nswer B This is depend upon clients need* in roadand connection today
there r static ip is mostly pro,ided y Ser,ice pro,ider for etter result * in
(ynamic routing the congession is ,ery less.shridhar ...
=ow can we configure dhcp features in an switch?
1atest :nswer B (+C; is only a,ailale on newer &>S-ased switches. %or
e"ample* Catalyst /55. and /A5. offer (+C;. 1et us ta#e Cisco )@11 router
running &>S1).)To egin* connect the router3s Ethernet port to a switch* and
connect the switch to a laptop* which will ser,e ...
What is the difference !etween physical address and logical address?
1atest :nswer B ;hysical :ddress is nothing ut your actual real address li#e
M:C.for that Storage de,ice should e re-uired.;hysical :ddressn can3t ne,er
change*&t is present in 9&C Card.1ogical :ddress is noting ut ur &; address which
is used to create client.&t will ...
What is the difference !etween collision domain and !roadcast domain?
1atest :nswer B roadcast domain is the logical address scheme in which a user
can acess any other networ#ing address without any routing de,ice ut in collision
domain that is the comination of the single segment and multiple segments
through repeter ...
1A5
What is difference !etween switch 5 hu!?
1atest :nswer B +u is a roadcast de,ice* it wor#s on physical layerSwitch is a
unicast de,ice* it wor#s on a data lin# layer....it is called intelligent hu..it #eeps a
switch tale in which address is mapped to port to find mac addresss.
What is 3I0C utility?
;&9E stands ;ac#et &nternet Eopher. This is a utility for ensuring connecti,ity
etween computers . &CM; protocol wor#s ehind this utility. $nder it * sending
node sends pac#ets to destination node and
1atest :nswer B ;&9E &S ;ac#ect &nternet Erope it is using for chec# the
connecti,ity with other
What is the 0etwor# ,ime 3rotocol?
0hy is it used
1atest :nswer B 9etwor# Time ;rotocol* a protocol to e"change and synchroni!e
time on computer networ#s ...
What is 8AI1?
: method for pro,iding fault tolerance y using multiple hard dis# dri,es.
1atest :nswer B +&=:&(B=edundent :rray >f &ne"pansi,e (ri,esS'esically raid
can e done in either Software =:&( or +ardware =aid.for h20 =:&( we need
raid controllers which is hot swappale.where as S20 =aid is done without a raid
controller card.it can e done from ...
What are *)'aseG, *)'aseS and *)'ase, 4thernet LA0s?
1.'ase)o:n Ethernet term meaning a ma"imum transfer rate of 1. Megaits per
second that uses aseand signaling* with a contiguous cale segment length of
1.. meters and a ma"imum of ) segments.
1atest :nswer B 1.'ase)o:n Ethernet term meaning a ma"imum transfer rate of
1. Megaits per second that uses aseand signaling* with a co"ial cale segment
length of 1F5 meters and this is thinnet cale. 1.'ase5o:n Ethernet term
meaning a ma"imum transfer ...
What are the two types of transmission technology availa!le?
HiI 'roadcast and HiiI point-to-point
1atest :nswer B 9'M: B- 9on 'roadcast Multi :ccess TechnologyB Eg %rame
=elay technology.;oint to ;ointB- Two different 0an segments are ?oined ,ia a
;oint to point lin# ,ia leased line. ...
What is point%to%point protocol?
: communications protocol used to connect computers to remote networ#ing
ser,ices including &nternet ser,ice pro,iders.
1atest :nswer B ;;; wor#s at the data lin# layer it is a path Hleased line 2&S(9 line
I through which two dissimilar networ#s Hwan connectionsI can e
?oined.Than#s. ...
What are the types of ,ransmission media?
1A5
Signals are usually transmitted o,er some transmission media that are roadly
classified in to two categories.Euided MediaBThese are those that pro,ide a
conduit from one de,ice to another that include
1atest :nswer B there are ) types of transmissions
1.ounded).unounded'>$9(E(B-&n this we use cales .There are / types of
cales coa"ial *twisted pair and fier optics these cales are used to transmit your
data to the destination.The main difference etween coa"ialKtwisted
What is 3rotocol 1ata 9nit?
The data unit in the 11C le,el is called the protocol data unit H;($I. The ;($
contains of four fields a destination ser,ice access point H(S:;I* a source ser,ice
access point HSS:;I* a control field and
1atest :nswer B ;rotocol data units or ;($s are the messages passed etween
entities at a gi,en layer. ;($ ^ header K data0hen the ;($ passes o,er the
interface ...
What is passive topology?
0hen the computers on the networ# simply listen and recei,e the signal* they are
referred to as passi,e ecause they donMt amplify the signal in any way. E"ample
for passi,e topology - linear us.
What is mesh networ#?
: networ# in which there are multiple networ# lin#s etween computers to
pro,ide multiple paths for data to tra,el.
1atest :nswer B &n mesh networ# all host are connected to each other* ut it ta#es
huge amount of cael. ...
What are the different type of networ#ing " internet wor#ing devices?
=epeaterB:lso called a regenerator* it is an electronic de,ice that operates only at
physical layer. &t recei,es the signal in the networ# efore it ecomes wea#*
regenerates the original it pattern
=ow Cateway is different from 8outers?
: gateway operates at the upper le,els of the >S& model and translates
information etween two completely different networ# architectures or data
formats.
1atest :nswer B & 'eg to differ.:ccording to me : de,ice that determine the
optimal path along which networ# traffic should e forwarded. =outers allow
different networ#s to communicate with each other. They forward pac#ets from
one networ# to another ased on networ# ...
What is router?
+yrid de,ices that comine the features of oth ridges and routers.
1atest :nswer B =outer is a layer / de,ice.=outers are used to connects networ#s
together.=outers routes pac#ets of data from one networ# to another.=outers
rea#s up roadcast domain Hit is the set of all de,ices on a n2w segment that hears
all roadcast sent on that ...
1A@
What is /A3?
Series of interface points that allow other computers to communicate with the
other layers of networ# protocol stac#.
1atest :nswer B Session :nnouncement ;rotocol* a computer protocol for
roadcasting multicast session information Ser,ice :d,ertising ;rotocol* an &;D
networ# protocol that ma#es the process of adding and remo,ing ser,ices on an
&;D internetwor# dynamic Ser,ice :ccess
What do you meant !y Wtriple @W in 0etwor#s?
The function of ;:( H;ac#et :ssemler (isassemlerI is descried in a document
#nown as D./. The standard protocol has een defined etween the terminal and
the ;:(* called D.)FS another standard protocol
What is frame relay, in which layer it comes?
%rame relay is a pac#et switching technology. &t will operate in the data lin# layer.
1atest :nswer B %rame relay is a high-performance 0:9 protocol that operates at
the physical and data lin# layers of the >S& reference model. %rame =elay
originally was designed for use across &ntegrated Ser,ices (igital 9etwor# H&S(9I
interfaces. Today* it is used
What is terminal emulation, in which layer it comes?
Telnet is also called as terminal emulation. &t elongs to application layer.
What is 'eaconing?
The process that allows a networ# to self-repair networ#s prolems. The stations
on the networ# notify the other stations on the ring when they are not recei,ing the
transmissions. 'eaconing is used
What is redirector?
=edirector is software that intercepts file or prints &2> re-uests and translates them
into networ# re-uests. This comes under presentation layer.
1atest :nswer B its e"cellent
What is 04,'I;/ and 04,'49I?
9ET'&>S is a programming interface that allows &2> re-uests to e sent to and
recei,ed from a remote computer and it hides the networ#ing hardware from
applications.9ET'E$& is 9et'&>S e"tended user interface.
1atest :nswer B 9ET'&>S it descries the asic information of the
n2w9ET'E$& B 9etwor# 'ios E"tended $ser &nterfacemainly used y Microsoft
Q. What difference !etween a directory and active directry?
:n (irectory is the dataase that holds information aout component locations*
users* groups* passwords* security* and other C>M information. Some of this
information is currently stored in the =egistry* ut will e,entually Hwith 0indows
)...I e mo,ed to the :cti,e (irectory.
1AA
The main difference etween of (irectory and :( is (irectory is the repository of
data stored ut :( not only stores data ut ha,e the ser,ices y which stored data
can e a,ailale to the users.
Q.What is the difference !etween 3;3F and I&A3 &ail /erver?
;>;/ is Email clients download your emails onto your computer. $sing a
speciali!ed email program such as >utloo# E"press or :pple Mail has the
ad,antage of gi,ing you complete control o,er your emailS e,ery email you
recei,e is placed on your computer and you can #eep as many large file
attachments as you want.
&M:; is protocol that is eing used in wemail. Chec#ing your email through our
wemail is similar to using +otmail or Y:+>>g Mail. You ne,er actually copy
your messages to your computerS in fact* you are loo#ing at them through your
we rowser on someody else3s computer. 0hen you are not online* you are not
ale to see your email.
What is cladding?
: layer of a glass surrounding the center fier of glass inside a fier-optic cale.
What is attenuation?
The degeneration of a signal o,er distance on a networ# cale is called
attenuation.
What is &A2 address?
The address for a de,ice as it is identified at the Media :ccess Control HM:CI
layer in the networ# architecture. M:C address is usually stored in =>M on the
networ# adapter card and is uni-ue.
1atest :nswer B Short for Media :ccess Control address* a hardware address that
uni-uely identifies each node of a networ#. &n &EEE F.) networ#s* the (ata 1in#
Control H(1CI layer of the >S& =eference Model is di,ided into two sulayersB
the 1ogical 1in# Control H11CI
1ifference !etween !it rate and !aud rate.'it rate is the num!er of !its
transmitted during one second
(ifference etween it rate and aud rate.'it rate is the numer of its transmitted
during one second whereas aud rate refers to the numer of signal units per
second that are re-uired to represent those its.aud rate ^ it rate 2 9 where 9 is
no-of-its represented y each signal shift.
What is 'andwidth?
E,ery line has an upper limit and a lower limit on the fre-uency of signals it can
carry. This limited range is called the andwidth.
1atest :nswer B +i*&ts capacity of transimitting media. ...
What is 3ro<ect A)G?
1AF
&t is a pro?ect started y &EEE to set standards that enale intercommunication
etween e-uipment from a ,ariety of manufacturers. &t is a way for specifying
functions of the physical layer* the data lin#
What are the data units at different layers of the ,23 " I3 protocol suite?
The data unit created at the application layer is called a message* at the transport
layer the data unit created is called either a segment or an user datagram* at the
networ# layer the data unit created
1atest :nswer B data unit in application layer is called data or message.data unit in
transport layer is called segment.data unit in networ# layer is called pac#et.data
unit in data lin# layer is called frame.data unit in physical layer is ...
What is I2&3?
&CM; is &nternet Control Message ;rotocol* a networ# layer protocol of the
TC;2&; suite used y hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram
prolems ac# to the sender. &t uses the echo test 2
What is difference !etween A83 and 8A83?
The address resolution protocol H:=;I is used to associate the /) it &; address
with the 5F it physical address* used y a host or a router to find the physical
address of another host on its networ#
1atest :nswer B :=; is used to find mac address using ip address.=:=; is used to
find ipaddress using mac address.Thus re,erse of :=;.
What is the minimum and maximum length of the header in the ,23 segment
and I3 datagram?
The header should ha,e a minimum length of ). ytes and can ha,e a ma"imum
length of @. ytes
Q. What is the difference !etween 10/ and WI0/?
(9S- (omain 9ame Ser,er or Ser,ices.
0&9S- 0indows &nternet 9ame Ser,ice.
(9S is resol,e the we site name to &; address or you can say.
&n 0&9S used a file name those is 1Mhost* this file in the System/)* and when we
put the wesit name and its &; address* then it resol,e the particular &; address
those insert in the 1Mhost file.
(9S ser,ice is used to resol,e wesite names to &; address.
0&9S is used to identify computers y their computer names in a 1:9. 9etwor#
:dministrators can configure a 0&9S ser,er in a 1:9 and using this ser,er all
machines connected to the 1:9 can e identified. 0&9S pro,ides &; to Computer
name mapping
1AG
What is the range of addresses in the classes of internet addresses?
Class : ....... - 1)A.)55.)55.)55Class ' 1)F...... - 1G1.)55.)55.)55Class C
1G)...... - ))/.)55.)55.)55Class
1atest :nswer B class : 1 - 1)@ . class ' 1)F - 1G1.class C 1G) - ))/.class ( ))5 -
)/G.class E 1/G - )5@. ...
What is the difference !etween ,.,3 and .,3 application layer protocols?
The Tri,ial %ile Transfer ;rotocol HT%T;I allows a local host to otain files from a
remote host ut does not pro,ide reliaility or security. &t uses the fundamental
pac#et deli,ery ser,ices offered y
1atest :nswer B 0hat is the difference etween these layers and the switches ...
4xplain S%(%F rule?
&n a Ethernet networ#* etween any two points on the networ#* there can e no
more than fi,e networ# segments or four repeaters* and of those fi,e segments
only three of segments can e populated.
What &A9?
&n to#en =ing * hu is called Multistation :ccess $nitHM:$I.
1atest :nswer B Short for Multistation :ccess $nit Halso are,iated as MS:$I* a
to#en-ring networ# de,ice that physically connects networ# computers in a star
topology while retaining the logical ring structure. >ne of the prolems with the
to#en-ring topology is that ...
What is the difference !etween routa!le and non% routa!le protocols?
=outale protocols can wor# with a router and can e used to uild large
networ#s. 9on-=outale protocols are designed to wor# on small* local networ#s
and cannot e used with a router
1atest :nswer B =outale protocols can wor# with a router and can e used to
uild large networ#s. 9on-=outale protocols are designed to wor# on small* local
networ#s and cannot e used with a router ...
Why should you care a!out the ;/I 8eference &odel?
&t pro,ides a framewor# for discussing networ# operations and design.
1atest :nswer B &t is ,ery important model for networ#ingB The main aim to design
the >S& model is that actully they want to set a standerd for the communication
and want to standari!ed the networ# e-uipement so that they would not e any
'rand consuines ...
What is logical lin# control?
>ne of two sulayers of the data lin# layer of >S& reference model* as defined y
the &EEE F.) standard. This sulayer is responsile for maintaining the lin#
etween computers when they are sending data
What is virtual channel?
1F.
Pirtual channel is normally a connection from one source to one destination*
although multicast connections are also permitted. The other name for ,irtual
channel is ,irtual circuit
What is virtual path?
:long any transmission path from a gi,en source to a gi,en destination* a group of
,irtual circuits can e grouped together into what is called path.
What is pac#et filter?
;ac#et filter is a standard router e-uipped with some e"tra functionality. The e"tra
functionality allows e,ery incoming or outgoing pac#et to e inspected. ;ac#ets
meeting some criterion are forwarded
What is traffic shaping?
>ne of the main causes of congestion is that traffic is often usy. &f hosts could e
made to transmit at a uniform rate* congestion would e less common. :nother
open loop method to help manage congestion
What is multicast routing?
Sending a message to a group is called multicasting* and its routing algorithm is
called multicast routing
What is region?
0hen hierarchical routing is used* the routers are di,ided into what we call
regions* with each router #nowing all the details aout how to route pac#ets to
destinations within its own region* ut
What is silly window syndrome?
&t is a prolem that can ruin TC; performance. This prolem occurs when data are
passed to the sending TC; entity in large loc#s* ut an interacti,e application on
the recei,ing side reads 1 yte at
What are 1igrams and ,rigrams?
The most common two letter cominations are called as digrams. e.g. th* in* er* re
and an. The most common three letter cominations are called as trigrams. e.g.
the* ing* and* and ion
What is wide%mouth frog?
0ide-mouth frog is the simplest #nown #ey distriution center HN(CI
authentication protocol.
1atest :nswer B it is used in cryptography* a #ey distriution center HN(CI is part
of a cryptosystem intended to reduce the ris#s inherent in e"changing #eys. ...
What is &ail Cateway?
&t is a system that performs a protocol translation etween different electronic mail
deli,ery protocols
What is IC3 >Interior Cateway 3rotocol-?
&t is any routing protocol used within an autonomous system.
What is 'C3 >'order Cateway 3rotocol-?
1F1
&t is a protocol used to ad,ertise the set of networ#s that can e reached with in an
autonomous system. 'E; enales this information to e shared with the
autonomous system. This is newer than EE; HE"terior
1atest :nswer B 'E; stands for 'order Eateway ;rotocol. &t is an inter-:S
H :utonomous System =outing ;rotocol I. 'E; is the routing protocol that runs
the &nternet. 'E; is used to interconnect networ# islands H :Ss I together. 'E; is
the only &; routing protocol that ...
What is Cateway%to%Cateway protocol?
&t is a protocol formerly used to e"change routing information etween &nternet
core routers
What is 0M, >0etwor# Mirtual ,erminal-?
&t is a set of rules defining a ,ery simple ,irtual terminal interaction. The 9PT is
used in the start of a Telnet session.
What is a &ulti%homed =ost?
&t is a host that has a multiple networ# interfaces and that re-uires multiple &;
addresses is called as a Multi-homed +ost.
1atest :nswer B &f more than one 9&Cs H9etwor# &nterface Card2 9etwor#
:dapterI are installed ha,ing different &; :ddresses onto it* The ;c 'ecomes a
Multihomed +ost. ...
What is Ler!eros?
&t is an authentication ser,ice de,eloped at the Massachusetts &nstitute of
Technology. Nereros uses encryption to pre,ent intruders from disco,ering
passwords and gaining unauthori!ed access to files.
1atest :nswer B hey fol#s*Nereros is an authentication ser,ice* it has really roust
architecture uilt in it.The asic components in #ereros include the
Neydistriution ser,ice from which the client communicates to get a to#en to
reach a ser,er* this enales the way ...
What is ;/3.?
&t is an &nternet routing protocol that scales well* can route traffic along multiple
paths* and uses #nowledge of an &nternet3s topology to ma#e accurate routing
decisions.
1atest :nswer B hi*>S;% is >pen shortest path first* asically comes into the
category that uses lin# state as the routing info communication. >S;% is used in a
particular :utonomous system* not used on the internet ut its limited to internal
routing in an organi!ation.>n ...
What is 3roxy A83?
&t is using a router to answer :=; re-uests. This will e done when the originating
host elie,es that a destination is local* when in fact is lies eyond router.
What is /LI3 >/erial Line Interface 3rotocol-?
&t is a ,ery simple protocol used for transmission of &; datagrams across a serial
line.
1F)
1atest :nswer B The need for a data lin# layer protocol to let &; operate o,er serial
lin#s was identified ,ery early on in the de,elopment of TC;2&;. Engineers
wor#ing on the &nternet ;rotocol needed a way to send &; datagrams o,er serial
connections lin#ing computers ...
What is 8I3 >8outing Information 3rotocol-?
&t is a simple protocol used to e"change information etween the routers.
1atest :nswer B =&; is one of the most enduring of all routing protocols. =&; is
also one of the more easily confused protocols ecause a ,ariety of =&;-li#e
routing protocols proliferated* some of which e,en used the same nameg =&; and
the myriad =&;-li#e protocols ...
What is source route?
&t is a se-uence of &; addresses identifying the route a datagram must follow. :
source route may optionally e included in an &; datagram header
What is a ,23 connection ta!le?
+ow is it used
1atest :nswer B The TC; connection tale contains information aout the entity3s
e"isting TC; connections. ...
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of routing
ta!les?
The three types of routing tales are fi"ed* dynamic* and fi"ed central. The fi"ed
tale must e manually modified e,ery time there is a change. : dynamic tale
changes its information ased on
What is the =4LL; protocol used for?
The +E11> protocol uses time instead of distance to determine optimal routing. &t
is an alternati,e to the =outing &nformation ;rotocol.
1atest :nswer B it is used to disco,er neighours*when a hello pac#et is recie,ed it
gi,es its &; address which is matianed in routing tales.. ...
What is the difference !etween interior and exterior neigh!or gateways?
&nterior gateways connect 1:9s of one organi!ation* whereas e"terior gateways
connect the organi!ation to the outside world.
What protocol is used !y 10/ name servers?
(9S uses $(; for communication etween ser,ers. &t is a etter choice than TC;
ecause of the impro,ed speed a connectionless protocol offers. >f course*
transmission reliaility suffers
1atest :nswer B (omain 9ame Ser,ice uses $(; for communication not
TC;2&;.'asically the prime reason is fast loo# up* chaitanya ...
What is a 10/ resource record?
1F/
: resource record is an entry in a name ser,er3s dataase. There are se,eral types
of resource records used* including name-to-address resolution information.
=esource records are maintained as :SC&&
1atest :nswer B (9S =esource =ecord is Entry in dataase.E". user name
';;,3 helps a dis#less wor#station !oot. =ow does it get a message to the
networ# loo#ing for its I3
'>>T; helps a dis#less wor#station oot. +ow does it get a message to the
networ# loo#ing for its &; address and the location of its operating system oot
files
'>>T; sends a $(; message with a sunetwor# roadcast address and waits for
a reply from a ser,er that gi,es it the &; address. The same message might contain
the name of the machine that has the oot
What is 4xternal 1ata 8epresentation?
E"ternal (ata =epresentation is a method of encoding data within an =;C
message* used to ensure that the data is not system-dependent.
1atest :nswer B E"ternal (ata =epresentation is Encoding of data in upper layer
of networ#. ...
What does the &ount protocol do?
The Mount protocol returns a file handle and the name of the file system in which
a re-uested file resides. The message is sent to the client from the ser,er after
reception of a client3s re-uest.
What is a pseudo tty?
: pseudo tty or false terminal enales e"ternal machines to connect through Telnet
or rlogin. 0ithout a pseudo tty* no connection can ta#e place.
What is anonymous .,3 and why would you use it?
:nonymous %T; enales users to connect to a host without using a ,alid login and
password. $sually* anonymous %T; uses a login called anonymous or guest* with
the password usually re-uesting the user3s
What is a &anagement Information 'ase >&I'-?
: Management &nformation 'ase is part of e,ery S9M;-managed de,ice. Each
S9M; agent has the M&' dataase that contains information aout the de,ice3s
status* its performance* connections* and configuration.
1atest :nswer B This term comes from the >S& 9etwor# management model.&t is a
#ind of ,irtual dataase used to manage the de,ices in a networ#.&t consists of
record the of networ# entitiesH e.g. routers*switchesI in form of o?ects.The
dataase is hierarchical Htree ...
4xplain the function of ,ransmission 2ontrol 'loc#?
: TC' is a comple" data structure that contains a considerale amount of
information aout each connection.
1F5
What is the difference !etween an unspecified passive open and a fully
specified passive open?
:n unspecified passi,e open has the ser,er waiting for a connection re-uest from
a client. : fully specified passi,e open has the ser,er waiting for a connection
from a specific client.
Definition ofC layer J switch
A network !evice that forwar!s traffic base! on la"er ' information at ver" hi#h
spee!s. Tra!itionall". routers. which inspect la"er '. were consi!erabl" slower than
la"er 2 switches. n or!er to increase routin# spee!s. man" Dcut8throu#hD techni>ues
were use!. which perform an Dinspect the first packet at la"er ' an! sen! the rest at
la"er 2D t"pe of processin#. psilon:s ( &witch an! Cabletron:s &ecureFast switches
were pioneers in cut8throu#h switchin#.
From Software to Hardware
As more routin# lookup functions were move! from software into the A&C chips.
la"er ' switches coul! inspect each packet Eust like a router at hi#h spee! without
usin# proprietar" cut8throu#h metho!s. f a la"er ' switch supports packet8b"8
packet inspection an! supports routin# protocols. it is calle! a Droutin# switchD or
Dswitch router.D which simpl" means Dfast router.D For e<ample. Cisco calls its hi#h8
en! routers ;i#abit &witch %outers.
More Inspection Takes Time
The more !eepl" a packet is e<amine!. the more forwar!in# !ecisions can be ma!e
base! upon t"pe of traffic. >ualit" of service AFo&) an! so on. To obtain this
information re>uires !i##in# into the packet:s hea!ers to ferret out the !ata. which
takes processin# time. To un!erstan! how packets are forme!. see TC(9( abc:s. The
followin# shows what !ata is e<amine! at each la"er. &ee la"er '. la"er 2 switch.
,eb switch an! virtual 6AN.
Forwarding
Decision
Layer Based on Examples
2 MAC address Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.
3 Network address IP, IPX, etc.
3 Service !a"it# IP, IPX, etc.
3 A$$"ication IPX socket
% A$$"ication IP socket
Q% Dhat !s a Layer > SwitchK
Traditional networ1 switches operate at Layer G of the OS! model while networ1 routers operate
at Layer >% This often leads to confusion o&er the definition of ILayer > switch%I
A% A "ayer J switch is a hi*h-performance de&ice for networ1 routin*% Layer > switches actually
differ &ery little from routers% A Layer > switch can support the same routin* protocols as networ1
routers do% #oth inspect incomin* pac1ets and ma1e dynamic routin* decisions based on the
source and destination addresses inside% #oth types of bo+es share a similar appearance%
Layer > switches were concei&ed as a technolo*y to impro&e on the performance of routers used
in lar*e local area networ1s .LANs/ li1e corporate intranets% The 1ey difference between Layer >
switches and routers lies in the hardware technolo*y used to build the unit% The hardware inside a
1F5
Layer > switch mer*es that of traditional switches and routers- replacin* some of a router)s
software lo*ic with hardware to offer better performance in some situations%
Layer > switches often cost less than traditional routers%
@esi*ned for use within local networ1s- a Layer > switch will typically not possess the DAN ports
and wide area networ1 features a traditional router will always ha&e%
Explain difference between baseband and broadband transmission
&n a aseand transmission* the entire andwidth of the cale is consumed y a single
signal. &n roadand transmission* signals are sent on multiple fre-uencies* allowing
multiple signals to e sent simultaneously.
Continue =eading Computer 9etwor#s &nter,iew Questions
Explain redirector
=edirector is software that intercepts file or prints &2> re-uests and translates them into
networ# re-uests. This comes under presentation layer.
Explain t!e "E##$ protocol %sed for
The +E11> protocol uses time instead of distance to determine optimal routing. &t is an
alternati,e to the =outing &nformation ;rotocol.
Explain a &'( reso%rce record
: resource record is an entry in a name ser,erMs dataase. There are se,eral types of
resource records used* including name-to-address resolution information. =esource
records are maintained as :SC&& files.
Explain External &ata )epresentation
E"ternal (ata =epresentation is a method of encoding data within an =;C message* used
to ensure that the data is not system-dependent.
Explain a pse%do tt*
: pseudo tty or false terminal enales e"ternal machines to connect through Telnet or
rlogin. 0ithout a pseudo tty* no connection can ta#e place.
Explain anon*mo%s +,- and w!* wo%ld *o% %se it .
password. $sually* anonymous %T; uses a login called anonymous or guest* with the
1F@
password usually re-uesting the userMs &( for trac#ing purposes only. :nonymous %T; is
used to enale a large numer of users to access files on the host Y\Z
Explain a /ana0ement 1nformation 2ase 3/124
: Management &nformation 'ase is part of e,ery S9M;-managed de,ice. Each S9M;
agent has the M&' dataase that contains information aout the de,iceMs status* its
performance* connections* and configuration. The M&' is -ueried y S9M;.
Explain t!e difference between an %nspecified passi5e open and a f%ll* specified passi5e
open
:n unspecified passi,e open has the ser,er waiting for a connection re-uest from a client.
: fully specified passi,e open has the ser,er waiting for a connection from a specific
client.
6!at is t!e difference between -$-3 and 1/A- /ail (er5er.
The using of &M:; to access your mailo" has ad,antages o,er ;>;/ and the difference
of their wor#ing mechanism.
Mechanism of ;>;/
mSince email needs to e downloaded into des#top ;C efore eing displayed* you may
ha,e the following prolems for ;>;/ accessB
You need to download all email again when using another des#top ;C to chec# your Y\Z
6!at is E)&3Emer0enc* )epair &is74.
To create an E=(B
1. Clic# Start* point to ;rograms* point to :ccessories* point to System Tools* and then
clic# 'ac#up.
). >n the Tools menu* clic# Create an Emergency =epair (is#.
You can use the E=( for the following repair functionsB
m &nspect and repair the startup en,ironment.
m Perify the 0indows )... system files and replace missing or Y\Z
6!at are t!e Ad5anta0es and &isad5anta0es of &"8-.
(+C; H(ynamic +ost Configuration ;rotocolI allows your computer to automatically
otain a fully functional &; address from the central =;& (+C; ser,er. E,ery time you
oot up your computer* your operating system retrie,es a new &; address. (+C; is the
default networ# configuration for most operating systems. &f howe,er you need to set up
(+C; Y\Z
1FA
6!at is )eco5er* 8onsole.
The =eco,ery Console is a feature of the 0indows )... and 0indows D; operating
systems. &t pro,ides the means for administrators to perform a limited range of tas#s
using a te"tual user interface. :s its name suggests* its primary function is to enale
administrators to reco,er from situations where 0indows does not oot as far Y\Z
6!at is a different between switc! and "%b.
:lthough hus and switches oth glue the ;Cs in a networ# together* a switch is more
e"pensi,e and a networ# uilt with switches is generally considered faster than one uilt
with hus. 0hen a hu recei,es a pac#et Hchun#I of data Ha frame in Ethernet lingoI at
one of its ports from a ;C on Y\Z
Explain traffic s!apin0
>ne of the main causes of congestion is that traffic is often usy. &f hosts could e made
to transmit at a uniform rate* congestion would e less common. :nother open loop
method to help manage congestion is forcing the pac#et to e transmitted at a more
predictale rate. This is called traffic shaping.
Explain -ro9ect 802
&t is a pro?ect started y &EEE to set standards that enale intercommunication etween
e-uipment from a ,ariety of manufacturers. &t is a way for specifying functions of the
physical layer* the data lin# layer and to some e"tent the networ# layer to allow for
interconnecti,ity of ma?or 1:9 protocols.
&t consists of the followingB
F.).1 is Y\Z
6!at do *o% meant b* :triple ;< in 'etwor7s.
The function of ;:( H;ac#et :ssemler (isassemlerI is descried in a document
#nown as D./. The standard protocol has een defined etween the terminal and the
;:(* called D.)FS another standard protocol e"ists etween hte ;:( and the networ#*
called D.)G. Together* these three recommendations are often called Wtriple DX
Explain t!e minim%m and maxim%m len0t! of t!e !eader in t!e ,8- se0ment and 1-
data0ram
The header should ha,e a minimum length of ). ytes and can ha,e a ma"imum length
of @. ytes.
1FF
6!at is frame rela*= in w!ic! la*er it comes.
%rame relay is a pac#et switching technology. &t will operate in the data lin# layer.
'ecause the protocol assumes it is functioning o,er a pri,ate connection* %rame =elay
does not monitor whether the frame is error-free. : %rame =elay node can start switching
traffic out onto a new line as soon as it has read Y\Z
6!at is )A1&.
=:&( H=edundant :rray of &ndependent (is#sI is a set of technology standards for
teaming dis# dri,es to impro,e fault tolerance and performance. Each =:&( le,el
represents a set of trade-offs etween performance* redundancy* and cost.
=:&( . o >ptimi!ed for ;erformance
=:&( . uses striping to write data across multiple dri,es simultaneously. This means that
when you Y\Z
6!at is atten%ation.
:ttenuation is a general term that refers to any reduction in the strength of a signal.
:ttenuation occurs with any type of signal* whether digital or analog. Sometimes called
loss* attenuation is a natural conse-uence of signal transmission o,er long distances. The
e"tent of attenuation is usually e"pressed in units called deciels Hd'sI.
&ifference between bit rate and ba%d rate.
'aud Hpronounced 2QQd2* unit symol W'dXI* is a measure of the symol rate* that is* the
numer of distinct symol changes Hsignalling e,entsI made to the transmission medium
per second in a digitally modulated signal. The term aud rate is also commonly used to
refer to the symol rate. 'itrate Hsometimes written it rate* data Y\Z
6!at is t!e minim%m and maxim%m len0t! of t!e !eader in t!e ,8- se0ment and 1-
data0ram.
The default &; Ma"imum (atagram Si!e is 5A@. The default TC; Ma"imum Segment
Si!e is 5/@.
6!at is >atewa*?to?>atewa* protocol.
EE; is a Wmin-hopX algorithm* i.e.* its length measure is simply the numer of networ#
hops etween gateway pairs. &t implements a distriuted shortest-path algorithm* which
re-uires gloal con,ergence of the routing tales after a change in topology or
connecti,ity. Each gateway sends a EE; routing update only to its neighors* ut each
update includes Y\Z
1FG
6!at is a /%lti?!omed "ost.
: computer that is connected to more than one physical data lin#* these data lin#s may or
may not e attached to the same networ#. The host may send and recei,e data o,er any of
the lin#s ut will not route traffic for other nodes. Multi-homed hosts are ecoming
increasingly common* ma#ing it possile to Y\Z
6!at is (#1- 3(erial #ine 1nternet -rotocol4.
The Serial 1ine &nternet ;rotocol HS1&;I is a mostly osolete encapsulation of the
&nternet ;rotocol designed to wor# o,er serial ports and modem connections. &t is
documented in =%C 1.55. >n ;Cs* S1&; has een largely replaced y the ;oint-to-;oint
;rotocol H;;;I* which is etter engineered* has more features and does not re-uire its &;
Y\Z
6!at is )1- 3)o%tin0 1nformation -rotocol4.
The =outing &nformation ;rotocol* or =&;* as it is more commonly called* is one of the
most enduring of all routing protocols. =&; sends routing-update messages at regular
inter,als and when the networ# topology changes. 0hen a router recei,es a routing
update that includes changes to an entry* it updates its routing tale to reflect Y\Z
6!at is 1nterior >atewa* -rotocol .
&E=; is a distance ,ector &nterior Eateway ;rotocol H&E;I. (istance ,ector routing
protocols mathematically compare routes using some measurement of distance. This
measurement is #nown as the distance ,ector. =outers using a distance ,ector protocol
must send all or a portion of their routing tale in a routing-update message at regular
inter,als to each of Y\Z
6!* E1>)- is more efficient in operation t!an 1>)- .
$nli#e most other distance ,ector routing protocols* E&E=; does not mandate a periodic
update of routing tales etween neighoring routers. &nstead* it employs a neighor
disco,ery2reco,ery mechanism to ensure that neighors remain aware of each otherMs
accessiility. :s long as a router recei,es periodic hello pac#ets from its neighors* it can
assume that those neighors Y\Z
'ame t!e fo%r 7e* tec!nolo0ies t!at are %sed b* E1>)- .
E&E=; employs four #ey technologies* including neighor disco,er2reco,ery* =eliale
Transport ;rotocol H=T;I* (iffusing $pdate :1gorithm H($:1I finite-state machine*
and a modular architecture that enales support for new protocols to e easily added to an
e"isting networ#.
1G.
6!at is En!anced 1nterior >atewa* )o%tin0 -rotocol .
The Enhanced &nterior Eateway =outing ;rotocol HE&E=;I represents an e,olution from
its predecessor &E=;. This e,olution resulted from changes in networ#ing and the
demands of di,erse* large-scale internetwor#s. E&E=; integrates the capailities of lin#-
state protocols into distance ,ector protocols. :dditionally* E&E=; contains se,eral
important protocols that greatly increase its operational efficiency relati,e to other
routing Y\Z
6!at is 2an*an @1'E( .
'anyan Pirtual &ntegrated 9etwor# Ser,ice HP&9ESI implements a distriuted networ#
operating system ased on a proprietary protocol family deri,ed from the Dero"
CorporationMs Dero" 9etwor# Systems HD9SI protocols. P&9ES uses a client2ser,er
architecture in which clients re-uest certain ser,ices* such as file and printer access* from
ser,ers.
6!at is &ata?#in7 (witc!in0 .
(ata-lin# switching H(1SwI pro,ides a means of transporting &'M Systems 9etwor#
:rchitecture HS9:I and networ# asic input2output system H9et'&>SI traffic o,er an &;
networ#. &t ser,es as an alternati,e to source-route ridging HS='I* a protocol for
transporting S9: and 9et'&>S traffic in To#en =ing en,ironments that was widely
deployed efore the introduction of (1Sw. &n Y\Z
6!ere is (/&( 1nterface -rotocol %sed .
The SM(S &nterface ;rotocol HS&;I is used for communications etween C;E HCustomer
premises e-uipmentI and SM(S HSwitched Multimegait (ata Ser,iceI carrier
e-uipment. S&; pro,ides connectionless ser,ice across the suscrier networ# interface
HS9&I* allowing the C;E to access the SM(S networ#.
6!at is (witc!ed /%ltime0abit &ata (er5ice .
Switched Multimegait (ata Ser,ice HSM(SI is a high-speed* pac#et-switched*
datagram-ased 0:9 networ#ing technology used for communication o,er pulic data
networ#s H;(9sI. SM(S can use fier- or copper-ased media. SM(S networ#s consist
of se,eral underlying de,ices to pro,ide high-speed data ser,ice. These include customer
premises e-uipment HC;EI* carrier e-uipment* and the suscrier networ# interface
HS9&I. C;E Y\Z
6!at is t!e basic difference between transparent brid0es and so%rce?ro%te brid0es relati5e
to t!e forwardin0 processes .
&n a transparent ridged en,ironment* ridges determine whether a frame needs to e
forwarded* and through what path ased upon local ridge tales. &n an S=' networ#* the
1G1
source de,ice prescries the route to the destination and indicates the desired path in the
=&%.
6!at is ,ransparent 2rid0e .
Transparent ridges were first de,eloped at (igital E-uipment Corporation H(igitalI in
the early 1GF.s. Transparent ridges are so named ecause their presence and operation
are transparent to networ# hosts. 0hen transparent ridges are powered on* they learn the
wor#station locations y analy!ing the source address of incoming frames from all
attached networ#s. %or e"ample* if a Y\Z
6!at is so%rce?ro%te brid0in0 al0orit!m .
The source-route ridging HS='I algorithm was de,eloped y &'M and was proposed to
the &EEE F.).5 committee as the means to ridge etween all 1:9s. S='s are so named
ecause they assume that the complete source-to-destination route is placed in all inter-
1:9 frames sent y the source. S='s store and forward the frames as indicated Y\Z
6!ic! are t!e t!ree t*pes of ro%tin0 tables .
The three types of routing tales are fi"ed* dynamic* and fi"ed central. The fi"ed tale
must e manually modified e,ery time there is a change. : dynamic tale changes its
information ased on networ# traffic* reducing the amount of manual maintenance. :
fi"ed central tale lets a manager modify only one tale* which is then Y\Z
6!at protocol is %sed b* &'( name ser5ers .
(9S uses $(; for communication etween ser,ers. &t is a etter choice than TC;
ecause of the impro,ed speed a connectionless protocol offers. >f course* transmission
reliaility suffers with $(;.
2$$,- !elps a dis7less wor7station boot "ow does it 0et a messa0e to t!e networ7 loo7in0
for its 1- address and t!e location of its operatin0 s*stem boot files .
'>>T; sends a $(; message with a sunetwor# roadcast address and waits for a reply
from a ser,er that gi,es it the &; address. The same message might contain the name of
the machine that has the oot files on it. &f the oot image location is not specified* the
wor#station sends another $(; message Y\Z
6!at are 102ase2= 102ase5 and 102ase, Et!ernet #A's .
1.'ase)o:n Ethernet term meaning a ma"imum transfer rate of 1. Megaits per second
that uses aseand
signaling* with a contiguous cale segment length of 1..
1G)
meters and a ma"imum of ) segments.
1.'ase5o:n Ethernet term meaning a ma"imum transfer rate of 1. Megaits per second
that uses aseand
signaling* with 5 continuous segments not e"ceeding 1..
meters per segment.
1.'aseTo:n Ethernet Y\Z
6!at is t!e difference between interior and exterior nei0!bor 0atewa*s.
&nterior gateways connect 1:9s of one organi!ation* whereas e"terior gateways connect
the organi!ation to the outside world.
6!at is External &ata )epresentation.
eDternal (ata =epresentation HD(=I is an &ET% standard from 1GG5 of the presentation
layer in the >S& model. D(= allows data to e wrapped in an architecture independent
manner so data can e transferred etween heterogeneous computer systems. Con,erting
from the local representation to D(= is called encoding. Con,erting from D(= to the
local representation Y\Z
6!at is a pse%do tt*.
&n $ni"* a pseudo terminal is a pseudo-de,ice pair that pro,ides a te"t terminal interface
without associated ,irtual console* computer terminal or serial port hardware. &nstead* a
process replaces the role of the underlying hardware for the pseudo terminal session.%or
each pseudo terminal* the operating system #ernel pro,ides two character de,icesB a
master de,ice and Y\Z
6!at is t!e 'etwor7 ,ime -rotocol.
The 9etwor# Time ;rotocol is a protocol for synchroni!ing the cloc#s of computer
systems o,er pac#et-switched* ,ariale-latency data networ#s. 9T; uses $(; port 1)/
as its transport layer. &t is designed particularly to resist the effects of ,ariale latency
HJitterI.9T; is one of the oldest &nternet protocols still in use Hsince efore 1GF5I.
6!at is anon*mo%s +,- and w!* wo%ld *o% %se it.
password. $sually* anonymous %T; uses a login called anonymous or guest* with the
password usually re-uesting the userMs &( for trac#ing purposes only. :nonymous %T; is
used to enale a large numer of users to access files on the host Y\Z
1G/
6!at does t!e /o%nt protocol do .
The Mount protocol returns a file handle and the name of the file system in which a
re-uested file resides. The message is sent to the client from the ser,er after reception of
a clientMs re-uest.
6!at are ,8- -orts.
(ata transmitted o,er a networ# using the Transport Control ;rotocol2&nternet ;rotocol
HTC;2&;I* such as the &nternet* includes address information that identifies the computer
H/)-it &; addressI and a port. ;orts numer H1@-it numerI the ends of logical
connections used for long-term data transfers etween applications. %or e"ample port F.
is the standard %ile Y\Z
6!at is A%tomatic -ri5ate 1- Addressin0 3A-1-A4.
0indows GF* GF SE* Me* and )... ha,e an :utomatic ;ri,ate &; :ddressing H:;&;:I
feature that will automatically assign an &nternet ;rotocol address to a computer on which
it installed. This occurs when the TC;2&; protocol is installed* set to otain itMs &;
address automatically from a (ynamic +ost Configuration ;rotocol ser,er* and Y\Z
6!at are pri5ate 1- addresses.
The &nternet :ssigned 9umers :uthority H&:9:I has reser,ed the following three
loc#s of the &; address space for pri,ate internets Hlocal networ#sIB
1....... - 1..)55.)55.)55
1A).1@.... - 1A)./1.)55.)55
1G).1@F.... - 1G).1@F.)55.)55
6!at is &"8-.
(+C; H(ynamic +ost Configuration ;rotocolI is an &nternet protocol. &t resides in a
(+C; ser,er and clients that use the ser,er. Simply put* a (+C; ser,er supplies
&nternet ;rotocol H&;I addresses when re-uested y client computers on a TC;2&; networ#
that ha,e TC;2&; configured to otain their &; addresses automatically. : (+C; Y\Z
6!at is an Et!ernet /A8 address.
M:C stands for Media :ccess Control. Each and e,ery Ethernet de,ice interface to the
networ# media He.g.* networ# adapter* port on a huI has a uni-ue M:C address* which is
WurnedX into the hardware when it is manufactured. M:C addresses uni-uely identify
each node in a networ# at the Media :ccess Control layer* Y\Z
1G5
6!at is 18/-.
&nternet Control Message ;rotocol H&CM;I defines a small numer of messages used for
diagnostic and management purposes. &CM; depends on &; to mo,e pac#ets around the
networ# on its ehalf. &CM; is asically &;Ms internal networ# management protocol and
is not intended for use y applications. Two well #nown e"ceptions are the ping and
traceroute Y\Z
6!ere can we find assi0ned port n%mbers.
The &:9:H&nternet :ssigned 9umers :uthorityI allocates and #eeps trac# of all #inds
of aritrary numers used y TC;2&;* including well-#nown port numers. The entire
collection is pulished periodically in an =%C called the :ssigned 9umers =%C* each of
which supersedes the pre,ious one in the series.
"ow do applications coexist o5er ,8- and A&-.
Each application running o,er TC; or $(; distinguishes itself from other applications
using the ser,ice y reser,ing and using a 1@-it port numer. (estination and source
port numers are placed in the $(; and TC; headers y the originator of the pac#et
efore it is gi,en to &;* and the destination port numer allows the Y\Z
"ow does ,8- tr* to a5oid networ7 meltdown.
TC; includes se,eral mechanisms that attempt to sustain good data transfer rates while
a,oiding placing e"cessi,e load on the networ#. Some of the TC; algorithm are WSlow
StartX* WCongestion :,oidanceX* W%ast =etransmitX and W%ast =eco,eryX. TC; also
mandates an algorithm that a,oids WSilly 0indow SyndromeX HS0SI* an undesirale
condition that results in ,ery small chun#s Y\Z
6!at is t!e 6bone.
The @one is the e"perimental &;,@ ac#one eing de,eloped using &;,@-in-&;,5
tunnels. This is intended for early e"perimentation with &;,@ and is not a production
ser,ice.
6!* dont we !a5e 1-55.
&;,5 ne,er e"isted. The ,ersion numer W5[ in the &; header was assigned to identify
pac#ets carrying an e"perimental non-&; real-time stream protocol called ST. ST was
ne,er widely used* ut since the ,ersion numer 5 had already een allocated the new
,ersion of &; was gi,en its own uni-ue identifying numer* @.
1G5
6!at is 1-56.
&; Persion @ H&;,@I is the newest ,ersion of &;* sometimes called &;ng for W&;* 9e"t
EenerationX. &;,@ is fairly well defined ut is not yet widely deployed. The main
differences etween &;,@ and the current widely-deployed ,ersion of &; Hwhich is &;,5I
areB
&;,@ uses larger addresses H1)F its instead of /) its in &;,5I Y\Z
6!at is A)-.
:ddress =esolution ;rotocol H:=;I is a mechanism that can e used y &; to find the
lin#-layer station address that corresponds to a particular &; address. &t defines a method
that is used to as#* and answer* the -uestion Wwhat M:C address corresponds to a gi,en
&; addressQX. :=; sends roadcast frames to otain this Y\Z
&oes 1- -rotect &ata $n ,!e 'etwor7.
&; itself does not guarantee to deli,er data correctly. &t lea,es all issues of data protection
to the transport protocol. 'oth TC; and $(; ha,e mechanisms that guarantee that the
data they deli,er to an application is correct. &; does try to protect the pac#etMs &; header*
the relati,ely small part of each pac#et that Y\Z
6!at is 1-.
&nternet ;rotocol H&;I is the central* unifying protocol in the TC;2&; suite. &t pro,ides the
asic deli,ery mechanism for pac#ets of data sent etween all systems on an internet*
regardless of whether the systems are in the same room or on opposite sides of the world.
:ll other protocols in the TC;2&; suite depend on Y\Z
6!at is ,8-B1-.
TC;2&; is a name gi,en to the collection Hor suiteI of networ#ing protocols that ha,e een
used to construct the gloal &nternet.The TC;2&; name is ta#en from two of the
fundamental protocols in the collection* &; H&nernet ;rotocolI and TC;. These protocols
wor# together to pro,ide a asic networ#ing framewor# that is used y many Y\Z
6!at is 1-sec.
&;sec stands for W&; SecurityX. The &;sec wor#ing group of the &ET% is de,eloping
standards for cryptographic authentication and for encryption within &;.
&ifference between ,8-C1- and A&-.
The primary difference etween $(; and TC; lies in their respecti,e implementations of
reliale messaging. TC; includes support for guaranteed deli,ery * meaning that the
1G@
recipient automatically ac#nowledges the sender when a message is recei,ed* and the
sender waits and retries in cases where the recei,er does not respond in a timely way.
$(;* on Y\Z
6!at is &omain 'ame (er5er .
This is a ser,er that matches up the $=1 of a wesite Heg www.#yapoocha.com I with its
proper numeric &; address - it translates www.#yapoocha.com into the uni-ue numeric &;
address H @G.A).)1..)1.I. 0hene,er you re-uest a we page the we rowser must
consult the domain name ser,er to find out what the numeric translation Y\Z
6!at is &omain 'amin0 (er5ice3&'(4.
&t is ,ery difficult to rememer a set of numersH&; addressI to connect to the &nternet.
The (omain 9aming Ser,iceH(9SI is used to o,ercome this prolem. &t maps one
particular &; address to a string of characters.
6!at is A)#.
$=1 stands for $niform =esource 1ocator and it points to resource files on the &nternet.
$=1 has four componentsB httpB22www. address. comBF.2inde".html* where http -
protocol name* address - &; address or host name* F. - port numer and inde".html - file
path.
6!at is 1net address.
E,ery computer connected to a networ# has an &; address. :n &; address is a numer that
uni-uely identifies each computer on the 9et. :n &; address is a /)-it numer.
8an *o% be able to identif* between (trai0!t? t!ro%0! and 8ross? o5er cable wirin0.
Straight-through is type of wiring that is one to to one connection Cross- o,er is type of
wiring which those wires are got switched0e use Straight-through cale when we
connect etween 9&C :dapter and +u. $sing Cross-o,er cale when connect etween
two 9&C :dapters or sometime etween two hus.
Explain t!e la*ered aspect of a A'1; s*stem 6!at are t!e la*ers. 6!at does it mean to
sa* t!e* are la*ers.
: $9&D system has essentially three main layersB
. The hardware
. The operating system #ernel
. The user-le,el programs
The #ernel hides the systemMs hardware underneath an astract* high-le,el programming
1GA
interface. &t is responsile for implementing many of the facilities that users and user-
le,el programs ta#e for granted.
The #ernel assemles all of the following $9&D concepts from lower-le,el Y\Z
6!at is (emap!ore. 6!at is deadloc7.
Semaphore is a synchroni!ation tool to sol,e critical-section prolem* can e used to
control access to the critical section for a process or thread. The main disad,antage Hsame
of mutual-e"clusionI is re-uire usy waiting. &t will create prolems in a
multiprogramming system* where a single C;$ is shared among many processes.
'usy waiting wastes C;$ cycles.
(eadloc# Y\Z
6!at is a ro%ter. 6!at is a 0atewa*.
=outers are machines that direct a pac#et through the ma!e of networ#s that stand
etween its source and destination. 9ormally a router is used for internal networ#s while
a gateway acts a door for the pac#et to reach the LoutsideM of the internal networ#
6!at is A,-.
$T; o $nshielded twisted pair 1.':SE-T is the preferred Ethernet medium of the G.s.
&t is ased on a star topology and pro,ides a numer of ad,antages o,er coa"ial media.
&t uses ine"pensi,e* readily a,ailale copper phone wire. $T; wire is much easier to
install and deug than coa". $T; uses =E-55 connectors* which are cheap Y\Z
"ow do cr*pto0rap!*?based 7e*s ens%re t!e 5alidit* of data transferred across t!e
networ7.
Each &; pac#et is assigned a chec#sum* so if the chec#sums do not match on oth
recei,ing and transmitting ends* the data was modified or corrupted.
6!at is bindin0 order.
The order y which the networ# protocols are used for client-ser,er communications. The
most fre-uently used protocols should e at the top.
6!at is data lin7 la*er in t!e $(1 reference model responsible for.
(ata lin# layer is located ao,e the physical layer* ut elow the networ# layer. Ta#ing
raw data its and pac#aging them into frames. The networ# layer will e responsile for
addressing the frames* while the physical layer is reponsile for retrie,ing and sending
raw data its.
6!atDs t!e meanin0 of A)- in ,8-B1-.
The W:=;X stands for :ddress =esolution ;rotocol. The :=; standard defines two asic
message typesB a re-uest and a response. a re-uest message contains an &; address and
1GF
re-uests the corresponding hardware addressS a replay contains oth the &; address* sent
in the re-uest* and the hardware address.
:rtificial &ntelligence
1. The +igh le,el language \\\\\\\. has now ecome the dominant :&
programming language.
:I :da
'I 1isp
CI :& pro
1GG
(I +igh :&
). &n :&* a representation of \\\\\\\\ is a comination of data structures and
interpreti,e procedures that is used in the right way in a program.
:I Nnowledge
'I ;ower
CI Strength
(I &ntelligence
/. \\\\.. is an en,ironment in which the search ta#es place.
:I prolem place
'I prolem instance
CI prolem space
(I 9on of the ao,e
5. The fundamental ideas aout retrie,al that ha,e een de,eloped in :& systems might
e termed as \\\\\\ and \\\\\\\\
:I :nalogy* reasoning
'I Thin#ing* doing
CI E,ent* domain
(I 1in#ing* lumping
5. =oot machine might ha,e cameras and infrared range finders for \\\\ and
,arious motors of \\\.
:I Sensors* :gents
'I :gents* :ctuators
CI :ctuators* Sensors
(I Sensors* :ctuators
@. \\\\\\.. are rules of thum that may sol,e a gi,en prolem* ut do not
guarantee a solution.
:I Strong methods
'I 0ea# methods
CI +euristic
(I ;roailistic
A. \\\\\\. is the primary consideration in designing #nowledge-ased :&
systems.
:I :nalogy
'I Efficiency
CI Efficacy
(I :c-uisition
F. The initial state and successor function implicitly define state space of the prolem
:I &nitial state
'I State space
)..
CI prolem space
(I prolem place
G. \\\\\.. are data structures gi,ing csnapshotsc of the condition of the prolem at
each stage of its solution.
:I States
'I >perators
CI +euristic
(I 9one of the ao,e
1.. \\\\\\. are means for transforming the prolem from one state to another.
:I States
'I >perators
CI +euristic
(I 9one of the ao,e
Answers7
*. '- Lisp
G. A- Lnowledge
F. 2- pro!lem space
(. 1- Lin#ing, lumping
S. 1- /ensors, Actuators
B. 2- =euristic
T. '- 4fficiency
A. '- /tate space
U. A- /tates
*). '- ;perators
1. \\\\.. is called the father of :&.
:I James C Eosling
'I (ennis =itchie
CI :lan Turing
(I &saac 9ewton
). &n :& \\\\\\\\\. is a comination of data structures and interpreti,e
procedures.
:I Nnowledge
'I Meta-#nowledge
CI :rtificial Nnowledge
(I ;erformance
/. The \\\\\\\\ approach uses the #nowledge of mathematics and
engineering.
:I rationalist
'I Top-down
CI ottom-up
(I push-pop approach
5. 0e also use #nowledge aout what we #now* called \\\\\\\\..
:I Meta-Nnowledge
'I ;erformance Nnowledge
).1
CI Standard #nowledge
(I Specific #nowledge
5. The :rtificial &ntelligence is concerned with designing intelligent computer systems
that e"hiit intelligent characteristics e"pressed y \\\\\\\..
:I %unctional eha,ior
'I +uman eha,ior
CI +uman rain
(I Statistical analysis
@. \\\\\\\ includes what we #now aout our own performance as cogniti,e
processors.
:I Meta-Nnowledge
'I ;erformance Nnowledge
CI Standard #nowledge
(I Specific #nowledge
A. State whether the following true or false.
iI :& is used in di,erse fields li#e space e"ploration* rootics.
iiI :& is used for military purpose
:I i-True* ii-%alse
'I i-True* ii-True
CI i-%alse* ii-%alse
(I i-%alse* ii-True
F. The goals of :& systems can e descried in terms of cogniti,e tas#s li#e
:I =ecogni!ing o?ects
'I :nswering -uestions
CI Manipulating rootic de,ices
(I :ll of the ao,e
G. \\\\\\\.. is computeri!ed ad,ice-gi,er* that is capale of reasoning ut
which is usually confined to a rather narrow field of #nowledge.
:I E"pert system
'I Nnowledge system
CI Common system (I Communication system
1.. \\\\\\. in,ol,es relating something new to what we already #now in a
psychologically comple" way.
:I Nnowledge :c-uisition
'I Nnowledge retrie,al
CI =easoning
(I Meta-le,el reasoning
Answers7
*. 2- Alan ,uring
G. A- Lnowledge
B. A- &eta%Lnowledge
T. '- i%,rue, ii%,rue
).)
F. A- rationalist
(. A- &eta%Lnowledge
S. '- =uman !ehavior
A. 1- All of the a!ove
U. A- 4xpert system
*). A- Lnowledge Ac+uisition
,he area of AI that investigates methods of facilitating communication !etween people and
computers is
natural language processing
symolic processing
decision support
rootics

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
LI/3 was created !y7
John &c2arthy
Mar,in Mins#y
:lan Turing
:llen 9ewell and +erert Simon

Who is considered to !e the WfatherW of artificial intelligence?
%isher :da
John McCarthy
:llen 9ewell
Alan ,urning

,he finding of a path start state to a goal state is #nown as
/earch
Classification
Simulation
9one of these

An AI techni+ue that allows computers to understand associations and relationships !etween o!<ects
)./
and events is called
heuristic processing
cogniti,e science
relati,e symolism
pattern matching

Let Q>x, y- denote Ox K y X )P and let there !e two +uantifications given as
>i- YyWx Q>x, y-
>ii- WxYy Q>x, y-
where x 5 y are real num!ers. ,hen which of the following is valid ?
HiI is true < HiiI is false.
>i- is false 5 >ii- is true.
HiI is false < HiiI is also false.
oth HiI < HiiI are true

A L4/ #nowledge !ase contains information in the form of7
associations
actions
free te"t
All of the a!ove

Which #ind of planning consists of successive representations of different levels of a plan?
hierarchical planning
non-hierarchical planning
pro?ect planning
9one of the ao,e

Which search may find many solutions.If many solutions exist ,minimal solution can !e found
'readth first search
(epth first search
).5
'est first search
9one of these

Which of the following is an advantage of using an expert system development tool?
imposed structure
#nowledge engineering assistance
rapid prototyping
All of the a!ove

L44 is a product of7
Te#nowledge
Intelli2orpn
Te"as &nstruments
Tech #nowledge
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
,he common property of functional language and logical programming language
'oth are declarative
'oth are ased on l-calculus
'oth are procedural
'oth are functional

In 1elta 8ule for error minimi:ation
0eights are ad?usted w.r.to change in the output
Weights are ad<usted w.r.to difference !etween desired output and actual output
0eights are ad?usted w.r.to difference etween input and output
).5
9one of the ao,e

Which particular generation of computers is associated with artificial intelligence?
%ourth
Third
%ifth
Second

A series of AI systems developed !y 3at Langley to explore the role of heuristics in scientific
discovery.
=:M(
'A2;0
M&T
($

/haping teaching techni+ues to fit the learning patterns of individual students is the goal of
decision support
automatic programming
intelligent computer%assisted instruction
e"pert systems

142 advertises that it helped to create the world first expert system routinely used in an industrial
environment called @2;0 or
;(;-11
8l
P:D
).@
M:E9>M

,he strategy used to reduce the num!er of tree !ranches and the num!er of static evaluations
applied in case of a game tree is
Minma" strategy
Alpha%!eta pruning strategy
Constraint satisfaction strategy
Static ma" strategy

Which search algorithm find solutions among all possi!le ones?
=euristics
1earning
>ptismistic
'lind

Artificial intelligence is
the emodiment of human intellectual capailities within a computer.
a set of computer programs that produce output that would e considered to reflect intelligence if it
were generated y humans.
the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer.
All of the a!ove

In LI/3, the function >copy%list Zlist6-
returns a new list that is e+ual to Zlist6 !y copying the top%level element of Zlist6
returns the length of plist7
returns t if plist7 is empty.
:ll of the ao,e

).A
Which of the following have computers traditionally done !etter than people?
storing information
responding fle"ily
computing numerically
!oth >a- and >c-

In LI/3, the addition F K G is entered as
/ K )
/ add )
/ K ) ^
>K F G-

0atural language processing can !e divided into the two su!fields of
conte"t and e"pectations
generation and understanding
semantics of pragmatics
recognition and synthesis

is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of
intelligence that humans do.
9anoscience
9anotechnology
Simulation
Artificial intelligence

).F
An intelligent ro!ot
8espond to changes in its environment
%ollows instruction
;ossesses no more intelligent than a dishwasher
:ll of the ao,e

Which of the following function returns t if the o!<ect is a num!er in LI/3?
Hnumer po?ect7I
>num!erp Zo!<ect6-
Hnumericp po?ect7I
Hnumeric po?ect7I

,he transform which possesses the highest Qenergy compactionN property is
Slant transform
Cosine transform
%ourier transform
Larhunen%Loeve transform

,he company that grew out of research at the &I, AI la! is7
:& corp
1M&
Symolics
!oth >!- and >c-

,he field that investigates the mechanics of human intelligence is
).G
history
cognitive science
psychology
sociology

In LI/3, which of the following function assigns the value *) to the sym!ol a?
>set+ a *)-
Ha ^ I where ^ 1.
Ha ^ 1.I HdI Hset- 1. aI
9one of the ao,e

A8, >Automatic 8easoning ,ool- is designed to !e used on7
LI/3 machines
personal computers
microcomputers
:ll of the ao,e

In LI/3, the function >endp Zlist6-
returns a new list that is e-ual to plist7 y copying the top-le,el element of plist7
returns the length of plist7
returns t if Zlist6 is empty.
:ll of the ao,e

In which of the following situations might a !lind search !e accepta!le?
real-life situation
comple" game
)1.
small search space
:ll of the ao,e

A ro!ots arm is also #nown as its7
end effector
actuator
manipulator
ser,omechanism

,he primary method that people use to sense their environment is
reading
writing
spea#ing
spea#ing

In LI/3, the function returns t if Zo!<ect6 is a 2;0/ cell and nil otherwise
Hcons po?ect7I
>consp Zo!<ect6-
He- po?ect7I
Hcous ^ po?ect7I

,he first widely%used commercial form of Artificial Intelligence >Al- is !eing used in many popular
products li#e microwave ovens, automo!iles and plug in circuit !oards for des#top 32s. It allows
machines to handle vague information with a deftness that mimics human intuition. What is the
name of this AI?
'oolean logic
)11
+uman logic
.u::y logic
%unctional logic

What was originally called the Wimitation gameW !y its creator?
,he ,uring ,est
1&S;
The 1ogic Theorist
Cyernetics

,he original LI/3 machines produced !y !oth L&I and /ym!olics were !ased on research
performed at
CM$
&I,
Stanford $ni,ersity
=:M(

4lementary linguistic units which are smaller than words are
allophones
phonemes
syllales
All of the a!ove

,o invo#e the LI/3 system, you must enter
:&
1&S;
C1 HCommon 1ispI
)1)
!oth ! and c

In LI/3, the function assigns . the value of a to ! is
Hset- a I
Hset- a I
H ^ aI
Hset ^ aI

Which of the following is !eing investigated as a means of automating the creation of a #nowledge
!ase?
automatic #nowledge ac-uisition
simpler tools
disco,ery of new concepts
All of the a!ove

,he sym!ols used in descri!ing the syntax of a programming language are
.
a b
p 7
c c

;ne definition of AI focuses on pro!lem%solving methods that process7
smell
sym!ols
touch
)1/

,he explanation facility of an expert system may !e used to
construct a diagnostic model
e"pedite the deugging process
e"plain the system reasoning process
!oth >!- and >c-

In a rule !ased system,procedural domain #nowledge is in the form of
3roduction rules
=ule interpreters
Control rules
Meta rules

,he component of an I2AI >Intelligent 2omputer%Asslsted Instruction- presenting information to the
student is the7
student model
prolem-sol,ing e"pertise
tutoring module
:ll of the ao,e

,he characteristics of the computer system capa!le of thin#ing, reasoning and learning is #nown is
machine intelligence
human intelligence
artificial intelligence
,irtual intelligence
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
)15
1. :rtificial intelligence is Q
Y:Z The emodiment of human intellectual capailities within a computer
Y'Z
: set of computer programs that produce output that would e consider to reflect
intelligence if it
YCZ
The study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a
computer.
Y(Z :ll of ao,e
Answer 5 4xplanation
Answer7 >ption Y(Z
).
Strong :& is Q
Y'Z
intelligence if it
YCZ
computer.
Y(Z :ll of ao,e
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
/.
wea# :& is Q
Y'Z
intelligence if it
YCZ
computer.
Y(Z :ll of ao,e
Answer7 >ption YCZ
5. &nput segments of :& programming contains Q
)15
Y:Z Sound and smell
Y'Z Touch
YCZ Sight and taste
Y(Z :ll of the ao,e
Answer7 >ption Y(Z
5. >utput segments of :& programming contains Q
Y:Z ;rinted language and synthesi!ed
Y'Z Manipulation of physical o?ect
YCZ 1ocomotion
Y(Z :ll of ao,e
Answer7 >ption Y(Z
@. 0hat of the following is considered to e a pi,otal e,ent in the history of :& Q
Y:Z 1G5G* (onald >* The organi!ation of 'eha,ior
Y'Z 1G5.*Computing Machinery and intelligence
YCZ 1G5@* (artmouth $ni,ersity Conference >rgani!ed y John McCarthy
Y(Z 1G@1*Computer and computer sense
Answer7 >ption YCZ
A. &n 1&S;* the s-uare root of D is referenced as Q
Y:Z s-rtH"I
Y'Z Hs-rt "I
YCZ "2)
Y(Z "2/
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
F. &n 1&S;* the addition /K) is entered as Q
Y:Z /K)
Y'Z / add )
YCZ HK / )I
Answer7 >ption YCZ
G. +ow can you e,aluate 1.)5 K s-rtH155I in 1&S;
Y:Z 1.)5Ks-rtH1.55I
)1@
Y'Z H1.)5Ks-rtH1.55II
YCZ HK1.)5 s-rtH1.55I
Y(Z :ll of ao,e
Answer7 >ption YCZ
1.. 0hen a top le,el function is entered* the 1&S; processor do Q
Y:Z &t reads the function entered
Y'Z &t prints the result returned y the function
YCZ :ll of the ao,e
Answer7 >ption YCZ
11. 0hich #ind of planning consists of successi,e representations of different le,els of
plan Q
Y:Z +ierarchical planning
Y'Z 9on hierarchical planning
YCZ ;ro?ect planning
Y(Z :ll of ao,e
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
1). The component of an &C:& H&ntelligent Computer :ssisted &nstructionI presenting
information to the student is the Q
Y:Z Student model
Y'Z ;rolem sol,ing e"pertise
YCZ Tutoring module
Y(Z :ll of ao,e
Answer7 >ption YCZ
1/. The C:& HComputer :ssisted &nstructionI techni-ue ased on programmed
instruction is Q
Y:Z %rame ased C:&
Y'Z Eenerati,e C:&
YCZ ;rolem sol,ing C:&
Y(Z &ntelligent C:&
)1A
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
15. The turing machine showed that you could use a2an .............. system to program any
algorithmic tas# Q
Y:Z 'inary
Y'Z Electrochemical
YCZ =ecursi,e
Y(Z Semantic
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
15. &n which of the following situations might a lind search e acceptale
Y:Z =eal life situation
Y'Z Comple" game
YCZ Small search space
Y(Z :ll of ao,e
Answer7 >ption YCZ
1@. NEE is product of Q
Y:Z Te#nowledge
Y'Z &ntelliCorpn
YCZ Te"as &nstruments
Y(Z 9one of ao,e
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
1A. The hardware feature of 1&S; machines generally include Q
Y:Z 1arge memory and high speed processor
Y'Z 1etter -uality printers and F -inch dis# dri,es
YCZ : mouse and speciali!ed #eyoard
Y(Z 'oth : and C
Answer7 >ption Y(Z
1F. 91Menu* a natural language interface for the T& E"plorer* is similar to Q
)1F
Y:Z Ethernet
Y'Z 9atural1in#
YCZ ;=>1>E
Y(Z The personal Consultant
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
1G. : mouse de,ice may e Q
Y:Z Electrochemical
Y'Z Mechanical
YCZ >ptical
Y(Z 'oth ' and C
Answer7 >ption Y(Z
).. The characteristics of the computer system capale of thin#ing*reasoning and
learning is called Q
Y:Z Machine intelligence
Y'Z +uman intelligence
YCZ :rtificial intelligence
Y(Z Pirtual intelligence
Answer7 >ption YCZ
)1. :.M Turing de,eloped a techni-ue for determining whether a computer could or
could not demonstrate the artificial intelligence.;resently this techni-ue is called Q
Y:Z Turing test
Y'Z :lgorithm
YCZ 'oolean algera
Y(Z 1ogarithm
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
)). 0hen tal#ing to a speech recognition program* the program di,ides each second of
your speech into 1.. separateB
Y:Z Codes
Y'Z ;honemes
YCZ Samples
Y(Z 0ords
)1G
Answer7 >ption YCZ
)/. 0hat is the term used for descriing the ?udgmental or commonsense part of
prolem sol,ingQ
Y:Z +euristic
Y'Z Critical
YCZ Palue ased
Y(Z :nalytical
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
)5. 0hat stage of the manufacturing process has een descried as cthe mapping of
function onto formcQ
Y:Z (esign
Y'Z (istriution
YCZ pro?ect management
Y(Z field ser,ice
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
)5. 0hich #ind of planning consists of successi,e representations of different le,els of a
planQ
Y:Z hierarchical planning
Y'Z non-hierarchical planning
YCZ :ll of the ao,e
Y(Z pro?ect planning
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
)@. 0hat was originally called the cimitation gamec y its creatorQ
Y:Z The Turing Test
Y'Z 1&S;
YCZ The 1ogic Theorist
Y(Z Cyernetics
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
)).
)A. (ecision support programs are designed to help managers ma#eB
Y:Z udget pro?ections
Y'Z ,isual presentations
YCZ usiness decisions
Y(Z ,acation schedules
Answer7 >ption YCZ
)F. ;=>1>E is an :& programming language which sol,es prolems with a form of
symolic logic #nown as predicate calculus. &t was de,eloped in 1GA) at the
$ni,ersity of Marseilles y a team of specialists. Can you name the person who
headed this teamQ
Y:Z :lain Colmerauer
Y'Z 9ic#laus 0irth
YCZ Seymour ;apert
Y(Z John McCarthy
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
)G. ;rogramming a root y physically mo,ing it through the tra?ectory you want it to
follow is calledB
Y:Z contact sensing control
Y'Z continuous-path control
YCZ root ,ision control
Y(Z pic#-and-place control
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
/.. To in,o#e the 1&S; system* you must enter
Y:Z :&
Y'Z 1&S;
))1
YCZ C1 HCommon 1ispI
Y(Z oth and c
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
/1. (EC ad,ertises that it helped to create cthe world3s first e"pert system routinely
used in an industrial en,ironment*c called DC>9 orB
Y:Z ;(;-11
Y'Z =l
YCZ P:D
Y(Z M:E9>M
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
/). ;rior to the in,ention of time sharing* the pre,alent method of computer access wasB
Y:Z atch processing
Y'Z telecommunication
YCZ remote access
Y(Z :ll of the ao,e
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
//. Seymour ;apert of the M&T :& la created a programming en,ironment for children
calledB
Y:Z ':S&C
Y'Z 1>E>
YCZ MYC&9
Y(Z %>=T=:9
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
/5. The Strategic Computing ;rogram is a pro?ect of theB
Y:Z (efense :d,anced =esearch ;ro?ects :gency
Y'Z 9ational Science %oundation
YCZ Jet ;ropulsion 1aoratory
)))
Y(Z :ll of the ao,e
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
/5. The original 1&S; machines produced y oth 1M& and Symolics were ased on
research performed atB
Y:Z CM$
Y'Z M&T
YCZ Stanford $ni,ersity
Y(Z =:M(
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
/@. &n 1&S;* the addition / K ) is entered as
Y:Z / K )
Y'Z / add )
YCZ / K ) ^
Y(Z HK / )I
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
/A. 0ea# :& is
Y:Z the emodiment of human intellectual capailities within a computer.
Y'Z
a set of computer programs that produce output that would e considered to reflect
intelligence if it were generated y humans.
YCZ
the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a
computer.
Y(Z :ll of the ao,e
Answer7 >ption YCZ
/F. &n 1&S;* the function returns t if
Y:Z Hcons
Y'Z Hconsp
YCZ He-
))/
Y(Z Hcous ^
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
/G. &n a rule-ased system* procedural domain #nowledge is in the form ofB
Y:Z production rules
Y'Z rule interpreters
YCZ meta-rules
Y(Z control rules
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
5.. &f a root can alter its own tra?ectory in response to e"ternal conditions* it is
considered to eB
Y:Z intelligent
Y'Z moile
YCZ open loop
Y(Z non-ser,o
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
51. >ne of the leading :merican rootics centers is the =ootics &nstitute located atB
Y:Z CM$
Y'Z M&T
YCZ =:9(
Y(Z S=&
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
5). &n 1&S;* the function returns the first element of a list &s
Y:Z set
Y'Z car
YCZ first
))5
Y(Z second
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
5/. 9ils 9ilsson headed a team at S=& that created a moile root namedB
Y:Z =oitics
Y'Z (edalus
YCZ Sha#ey
Y(Z Pa"
Answer7 >ption YCZ
55. :n :& techni-ue that allows computers to understand associations and relationships
etween o?ects and e,ents is calledB
Y:Z heuristic processing
Y'Z cogniti,e science
YCZ relati,e symolism
Y(Z pattern matching
Answer7 >ption YCZ
55. The new organi!ation estalished to implement the %ifth Eeneration ;ro?ect is
calledB
Y:Z &C>T H&nstitute for 9ew Eeneration Computer TechnologyI
Y'Z M&T& HMinistry of &nternational Trade and &ndustryI
YCZ MCC HMicroelectronics and Computer Technology CorporationI
Y(Z SC; HStategic Computing ;rogramI
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
5@. The field that in,estigates the mechanics of human intelligence isB
Y:Z history
Y'Z cogniti,e science
YCZ psychology
Y(Z sociology
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
5A. 0hat is the name of the computer program that simulates the thought processes of
human eingsQ
Y:Z +uman logic
))5
Y'Z E"pert reason
YCZ E"pert system
Y(Z ;ersonal information
Answer7 >ption YCZ
5F. 0hat is the name of the computer program that contains the distilled #nowledge of
an e"pertQ
Y:Z (ata ase management system
Y'Z Management information System
YCZ E"pert system
Y(Z :rtificial intelligence
Answer7 >ption YCZ
5G. Claude Shannon descried the operation of electronic switching circuits with a
system of mathematical logic calledB
Y:Z 1&S;
Y'Z D1&S;
YCZ neural networ#ing
Y(Z 'oolean algera
Answer7 >ption YCZ
5.. : computer program that contains e"pertise in a particular domain is called anB
Y:Z intelligent planner
Y'Z automatic processor
YCZ e"pert system
Y(Z operational symoli!er
Answer7 >ption YCZ
5). 0hich company offers the 1&S; machine considered to e cthe most powerful
symolic processor a,ailalecQ
Y:Z 1M&
))@
Y'Z Symolics
YCZ Dero"
Y(Z Te"as &nstruments
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
5/. 0hat of the following is considered to e a pi,otal e,ent in the history of :&.
Y:Z 1G5G* (onald >* The organi!ation of 'eha,iour*
Y'Z 1G5.* Computing Machinery and &ntelligence.
YCZ 1G5@* (artmouth $ni,ersity Conference >rgani!ed y John McCarthy
Y(Z 1G@1* Computer and Computer Sense.
Answer7 >ption YCZ
55. 9atural language processing is di,ided into the two sufields ofB
Y:Z symolic and numeric
Y'Z time and motion
YCZ algorithmic and heuristic
Y(Z understanding and generation
Answer7 >ption YCZ
55. +igh-resolution* it-mapped displays are useful for displayingB
Y:Z clearer characters
Y'Z graphics
YCZ more characters
Y(Z :ll of the ao,e
Answer7 >ption YCZ
5@. : idirectional feedac# loop lin#s computer modelling withB
Y:Z artificial science
Y'Z heuristic processing
YCZ human intelligence
Y(Z cogniti,e science
Answer7 >ption YCZ
5A. 0hich of the following ha,e people traditionally done etter than computersQ
Y:Z recogni!ing relati,e importance
))A
Y'Z finding similarities
YCZ resol,ing amiguity
Y(Z :ll of the ao,e
Answer7 >ption YCZ
5F. &n 1&S;* the function e,aluates oth and
Y:Z set
Y'Z set-
YCZ add
Y(Z e,a
Answer7 >ption Y:Z
5G. 0hich type of actuator generates a good deal of power ut tends to e messyQ
Y:Z electric
Y'Z hydraulic
YCZ pneumatic
Y(Z H'I and HcI ao,e
Answer7 >ption Y'Z
@.. =esearch scientists all o,er the world are ta#ing steps towards uilding computers
with circuits patterned after the comple" inter connections e"isting among the
human rain3s ner,e cells. 0hat name is gi,en to such type of computersQ
Y:Z &ntelligent computers
Y'Z Supercomputers
YCZ 9eural networ# computers
Y(Z Smart computers
Answer7 >ption YCZ
1. 0hich instruments are used for percei,ing and acting upon the en,ironmentQ
aI Sensors and :ctuators
I Sensors
cI ;ercei,er
:nswerBa
E"planationB:n agent is anything that can e ,iewed as percei,ing and acting upon the
en,ironment through the sensors and actuators.
))F
). 0hat is meant y agentMs percept se-uenceQ
aI $sed to percei,e the en,ironment
I Complete history of actuator
cI Complete history of percei,ed things
dI 'oth a <
:nswerBc
E"planationB:n agentMs percept se-uence is the complete history of e,erything that the
agent has e,er percei,ed.
/. +ow many types of agents are there in artificial intelligenceQ
aI 1
I )
cI /
dI 5
:nswerBd
E"planationBThe four types of agents are Simple refle"* Model ased* Eoal ased and
$tility ased agents.
5. 0hat is the rule of simple refle" agentQ
aI Simple-action rule
I Condition-action rule
cI 'oth a <
:nswerB E"planationBSimple refle" agent is ased on the present condition and so it is
condition action rule.
5. 0hat are the composition for agents in artificial intelligenceQ
aI ;rogram
I :rchitecture
cI 'oth a <
:nswerBc
E"planationB:n agent program will implement function mapping percepts to actions.
@. &n which agent does the prolem generator is presentQ
aI 1earning agent
I >ser,ing agent
cI =efle" agent
:nswerBa
E"planationB;rolem generator will gi,e the suggestion to impro,e the output for
learning agent.
A. 0hich is used to impro,e the agents performanceQ
aI ;ercei,ing
I 1earning
))G
cI >ser,ing
:nswerB
E"planationB:n agent can impro,e its performance y storing its per,ious actions.
F. 0hich agent deals with happy and unhappy statesQ
aI Simple refle" agent
I Model ased agent
cI 1earning agent
dI $tility ased agent
:nswerBd
E"planationB: utility function maps a state onto a real numer which descries the
associated degree of happiness.
G. 0hich action se-uences are used to achei,e the agentMs goalQ
aI Search
I ;lan
cI =eteri,e
dI 'oth a <
:nswerBd
E"planationB 0hen the en,ironment ecomes more tric#y means* the agent needs plan
and search action se-uence to achie,e the goal.
1.. 0hich element in agent are used for selecting e"ternal actionsQ
aI ;ercei,e
I ;erformance
cI 1earning
dI :ctuator
:nswerB
E"planationB9one
1. 0hat is the action of tas# en,ironment in artificial intelligenceQ
aI ;rolem
I Solution
cI :gent
dI >ser,ation
:nswerBa
E"planationBTas# en,ironments will pose a prolem and rational agent will find the
solution for the posed prolem.
). 0hat is the e"pansion if ;E:S in tas# en,ironmentQ
aI ;eer* En,ironment* :ctuators* Sense
)/.
I ;ercei,ing* Eni,ornment* :ctuators* Sensors
cI ;erformance* En,ironment* :ctuators* Sensors*
:nswerBc
E"planationBTas# en,ironment will contain ;E:S which is used to perform the action
independantly.
/. 0hat #ind of oser,ing en,ironments are present in artificial intelligenceQ
aI ;artial
I %ully
cI 1earning
dI 'oth a <
:nswerBd
E"planationB;artial and fully oser,ale en,ironments are present in artificial
intelligence.
5. 0hat #ind of en,ironment is strategic in artificial intelligenceQ
aI (eterministic
I =ational
cI ;artial
dI Stochastic
:nswerBa
E"planationB&f the en,ironment is deterministic e"cept for the action of other agent is
called deterministic.
5. 0hat #ind of en,ironment is crossword pu!!leQ
aI Static
I (ynamic
cI Semidynamic
:nswerBa
E"planationB:s the prolem in crossword pu!!le are posed at eginning itself* So it is
static.
@. 0hat #ind of eha,ior does the stochastic en,ironment possesQ
aI 1ocal
I (eterministic
cI =atioanl
dI ;rimary
:nswerBa
E"planationBStochastic eha,ior are rational ecause it a,oids the pitfall of predictaility.
A.0hich is used to select the particular en,ironment to run the agentQ
aI En,ironment creator
)/1
I En,ironment Eenerator
cI 'oth a <
:nswerB
E"planationB9one.
F. 0hich en,ironment is called as semidynamicQ
aI En,ironment does not change with the passage of time
I :gent performance changes
cI En,ironment will e changed
dI 'oth a <
:nswerBd
E"planationB&f the en,ironment does not change with the passage of time* ut the agent
performance changes y time.
G. 0here does the performance measure is includedQ
aI =ational agent
I Tas# en,ironment
cI :ctuators
dI Sensor
:nswerB
E"planationB&n ;E:S* 0here ; stands for performance measure which is always included
in tas# en,ironment.
1.. 0hich is used to pro,ide the feedac# to the learning elementQ
aI Critic
I :ctuators
cI Sensor
:nswerBa
E"planationBThe learning element gets the feedac# from the critic which is presented in
the en,ironment on how the agent is doing.
)/)
;racle
The following is a list of datatypes a,ailale in >racle.
Character (atatypes
(ata Type
Synta"
>racle Gi >racle 1.g >racle 11g E"planation
Hif applicaleI
charHsi!eI Ma"imum
si!e of )...
ytes.
Ma"imum
si!e of )...
ytes.
Ma"imum
si!e of )...
ytes.
0here si5e is the
numer of characters
to store. %i"ed-length
strings. Space padded.
ncharHsi!eI Ma"imum
si!e of )...
ytes.
Ma"imum
si!e of )...
ytes.
Ma"imum
si!e of )...
ytes.
0here si5e is the
numer of characters
to store. %i"ed-length
91S string Space
padded.
n,archar)Hsi!eI Ma"imum
si!e of 5...
ytes.
Ma"imum
si!e of 5...
ytes.
Ma"imum
si!e of 5...
ytes.
0here si5e is the
numer of characters
to store. Pariale-
length 91S string.
,archar)Hsi!eI Ma"imum
si!e of 5...
ytes.
Ma"imum
si!e of 5...
ytes.
Ma"imum
si!e of 5...
ytes.
0here si5e is the
numer of characters
to store. Pariale-
length string.
long Ma"imum
si!e of )E'.
Ma"imum
si!e of )E'.
Ma"imum
si!e of )E'.
Pariale-length
strings. Hac#ward
compatileI
raw Ma"imum
si!e of )...
Ma"imum
si!e of )...
Ma"imum
si!e of )...
Pariale-length inary
strings
)//
ytes. ytes. ytes.
long raw Ma"imum
si!e of )E'.
Ma"imum
si!e of )E'.
Ma"imum
si!e of )E'.
Pariale-length inary
strings. Hac#ward
compatileI

9umeric (atatypes
(ata Type
Synta"
Hif applicaleI
numerHp*sI ;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
Scale can
range from
-F5 to 1)A.
;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
Scale can
range from
-F5 to 1)A.
;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
Scale can
range from
-F5 to 1)A.
0here p is the precision
and s is the scale.
%or e"ample* numerHA*)I
is a numer that has 5
digits efore the decimal
and ) digits after the
decimal.
numericHp*sI ;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
and s is the scale.
%or e"ample*
numericHA*)I is a numer
that has 5 digits efore the
decimal and ) digits after
the decimal.
float
decHp*sI ;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
and s is the scale.
%or e"ample* decH/*1I is a
numer that has ) digits
efore the decimal and 1
digit after the decimal.
decimalHp*sI ;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
;recision
can range
from 1 to
/F.
and s is the scale.
%or e"ample* decimalH/*1I
is a numer that has )
digits efore the decimal
)/5
and 1 digit after the
decimal.
integer
int
smallint
real
doule
precision

(ate2Time (atatypes
(ata Type
Synta"
Hif applicaleI
date : date
etween Jan 1*
5A1) 'C and
(ec /1* GGGG
:(.
: date
etween Jan 1*
5A1) 'C and
(ec /1* GGGG
:(.
: date
etween Jan 1*
5A1) 'C and
(ec /1* GGGG
:(.

timestamp
Hfra"tional
se"onds
pre"isionI
fra"tional
se"onds
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
fra"tional
se"onds
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
fra"tional
se"onds
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
&ncludes year*
month* day* hour*
minute* and
seconds.
%or e"ampleB
timestampH@I
timestamp
Hfra"tional
se"onds
pre"isionI
with time
!one
fra"tional
se"onds
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
fra"tional
se"onds
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
fra"tional
se"onds
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
&ncludes year*
month* day* hour*
minute* and
secondsS with a
time !one
displacement ,alue.
%or e"ampleB
timestampH5I with
time !one
timestamp
Hfra"tional
fra"tional
se"onds
fra"tional
se"onds
fra"tional
se"onds
&ncludes year*
month* day* hour*
)/5
se"onds
pre"isionI
with local
time !one
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
minute* and
secondsS with a
time !one
e"pressed as the
session time !one.
%or e"ampleB
timestampH5I with
local time !one
inter,al year
Hyear
pre"isionI
to month
year pre"ision
is the numer
of digits in the
year. Hdefault
is )I
year pre"ision
is the numer
of digits in the
year. Hdefault
is )I
year pre"ision
is the numer
of digits in the
year. Hdefault
is )I
Time period stored
in years and
months.
%or e"ampleB
inter,al yearH5I to
month
inter,al day
Hday
pre"isionI
to second
Hfra"tional
se"onds
pre"isionI
day pre"ision
must e a
numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
)I
fra"tional
se"onds
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
day pre"ision
must e a
numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
)I
fra"tional
se"onds
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
day pre"ision
must e a
numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
)I
fra"tional
se"onds
pre"ision must
e a numer
etween . and
G. Hdefault is
@I
Time period stored
in days* hours*
minutes* and
seconds.
%or e"ampleB
inter,al dayH)I to
secondH@I

1arge >?ect H1>'I (atatypes
(ata
Type
Synta"
Hif applicaleI
file Ma"imum
file si!e of
5E'.
Ma"imum file si!e
of )
/)
-1 ytes.
Ma"imum file si!e
of )
@5
-1 ytes.
%ile locators that
point to a inary
file on the ser,er
file system Houtside
the dataaseI.
)/@
lo Store up to
5E' of
inary data.
Store up to H5
gigaytes -1I 4
Hthe ,alue of the
C+$9N
parameter of 1>'
storageI.
Store up to H5
gigaytes -1I 4
Hthe ,alue of the
C+$9N
parameter of 1>'
storageI.
Stores unstructured
inary large
o?ects.
clo
Store up to
5E' of
character
data.
Store up to H5
gigaytes -1I 4
Hthe ,alue of the
C+$9N
parameter of 1>'
storageI of
character data.
Store up to H5
gigaytes -1I 4
Hthe ,alue of the
C+$9N
parameter of 1>'
storageI of
character data.
Stores single-yte
and multi-yte
character data.
nclo Store up to
5E' of
character
te"t data.
Store up to H5
gigaytes -1I 4
Hthe ,alue of the
C+$9N
parameter of 1>'
storageI of
character te"t data.
Store up to H5
gigaytes -1I 4
Hthe ,alue of the
C+$9N
parameter of 1>'
storageI of
character te"t data.
Stores unicode
data.

=owid (atatypes
(ata
Type
Synta"
>racle Gi >racle 1.g >racle 11g E"planat
ion
Hif
applical
eI
rowid The format of the
rowid isB
'''''''.====.
%%%%%
0here '''''''
is the loc# in the
dataase fileS
==== is the row in
the loc#S
%%%%% is the
The format of the
rowid isB
'''''''.====.
%%%%%
0here '''''''
is the loc# in the
dataase fileS
==== is the row in
the loc#S
%%%%% is the
The format of the
rowid isB
'''''''.====.
%%%%%
0here '''''''
is the loc# in the
dataase fileS
==== is the row in
the loc#S
%%%%% is the
%i"ed-
length
inary
data.
E,ery
record in
the
dataase
has a
physical
)/A
dataase file. dataase file. dataase file. address
or rowid.
urowidHsi
!eI
$ni,ersa
l rowid.
0here
si5e is
optional
1-The >racle ser,er consists of an /ra"le instan"e and an /ra"le
data+ase.
i. ;racle instance7
:n >racle instance is the comination of the +a",ground pro"esses
and memory stru"tures.
The instance must e started to access the data in the dataase.
E,ery time an instance is started* a System -lo+al &rea 1S-&2 is
allocated and >racle ac#ground processes are started.
6a",ground pro"esses perform functions on ehalf of the in,o#ing
process.
'ac#ground processes consolidate functions that would otherwise e
handled y multiple >racle programs running for each user.
The ac#ground processes perform input2output H&2>I and monitor
other >racle processes to pro,ide increased parallelism for etter
performance and reliaility.
ii. ;racle data!ase7
:n >racle dataase consists of operating system files* also #nown
as data+ase files* that pro,ide the actual physical storage for
dataase information.
The dataase files are used to ensure that the data is #ept consistent
and can e reco,ered in the e,ent of a failure of the instance.
(ata %iles are stored in the path C%7ora"le7oradata7nadra
;racle /erver
The >racle ser,er can run on a numer of different computers in one of the
following waysB
1. Client - &ppli"ation Server - Data+ase Server
$. Client 8 Data+ase Server
9. :ost-6ased
An ;racle 1ata!ase
)/F
The general purpose of a dataase is to store and retrie,e related
information.
:n >racle dataase has a logi"al and a physi"al stru"ture.
The physical structure of the dataase is the set of operating system
files in the dataase.
:n >racle dataase consists of three file types.
i. Data files containing the actual data in the dataase
ii. 4edo logs containing a record of changes made to the dataase to
enale reco,ery of the data in case of failures
iii. Control files containing information necessary to maintain and
,erify dataase integrity e.g primary foreign #ey relationships* user
pri,ileges etc.
)-+owe,er* the physi"al stru"ture of an /ra"le data+ase includes only
three types of filesB "ontrol files; data files; and redo log files.
/ystem Clo!al Area >/CA-
The SE: is also called the shared glo+al area. &t is used to store
dataase information that is shared y dataase processes.
&t contains data and "ontrol information for the >racle ser,er and is
allocated in the ,irtual memory of the computer where >racle resides.
The following statement can e used to ,iew S-& memory
allo"ations%
SHOW SGA;
F%Large 3ool
0hen users connect through the shared server* >racle needs to
allocate additional space in the shared pool for storing information
aout the connections etween the user processes* dispatchers* and
ser,ers.
(%3rogram Clo!al Area 2omponents
The <rogram -lo+al &rea or <ro"ess -lo+al &rea 1<-&2 is a memory
region that contains data and "ontrol information for a single ser,er
process or a single ac#ground process.
The ;E: is allocated when a process is created and deallocated when the
process is terminated.
&n contrast to the SE:* which is shared y se,eral processes* the ;E: is
an area that is used y only one process.
S%9ser 3rocess
: dataase user who needs to re-uest information from the dataase
must first ma#e a connection with the >racle ser,er.
The connection is re-uested using a data+ase interfa"e tool; such as
S=>?<lus* and eginning the user process.
The user process does not interact directly with the >racle ser,er.
)/G
=ather it generates calls through the user program interfa"e 1@<.2;
which creates a session and starts a ser,er process.
B%/erver 3rocess
>nce a user has estalished a connection* a ser,er process is started to handle the
user processes re-uests.
: ser,er process can e either a dedi"ated server pro"ess or a shared server
pro"ess.
&n a dedi"ated server environment; the ser,er process handles the re-uest of a
single user process. >nce a user process disconnects* the ser,er process is
terminated.
&n a shared server environment* the ser,er process handles the re-uest of se,eral
user processes.
The ser,er process communicates with the >racle ser,er using the /ra"le
<rogram
.nterfa"e 1/<.2.
A%1ata!ase Writer >1'Wn-
The ser,er process records changes to roll+a", and data +lo",s in
the uffer cache.
Data+ase Ariter 1D6An2 writes the dirty +uffers from the
dataase uffer cache to the data files.
U%L;C Writer >LCW8-
1E0= performs se-uential writes from the redo log +uffer "a"he
to the redo log file under the following situationsB
i. 0hen a transaction commits
ii. 0hen the redo log uffer cache is one-third full
iii. 0hen there is more than a mega+yte of "hanges re"ords in the
redo log uffer cache
i,. 'efore ('0n writes modified loc#s in the dataase uffer cache
to the data files
,. E,ery / seconds.
*)%/ystem &onitor >/&;0-
&f the >racle instance fails* any information in the SE: that has not
een written to dis# is lost.
%or e"ample* the failure of the operating system causes an instance
failure.
:fter the loss of the instance* the ac#ground process SM>9
automatically performs instance reco,ery when the dataase is
reopened.
**%3rocess &onitor >3&;0-
The ac#ground process ;M>9 cleans up after failed processes yB
1. =olling ac# the userMs current transaction
). =eleasing all currently held tale or row loc#s
/. %reeing other resources currently reser,ed y the user.
)5.
*G%Archiving 8edo Log .iles
>ne of the important decisions that a (': has to ma#e is whether to configure
the dataase to operate in &4C:.BC>/- or in N/&4C:.BC>/- mode.
*F%0;A82=IM4L;C &ode7
&n N/&4C:.BC>/- mode* the online redo log files are o,erwritten
each time a log switch occurs.
>-A4 does not o,erwrite a redo log group until the chec#point for
that group is complete. This ensures that committed data can e
reco,ered if there is an instan"e "rash.
(uring the instan"e "rash* only the SE: is lost. There is no loss of
dis#s* only memory. %or e"ample* an operating system crash causes
an instance crash.
*(%A82=IM4L;C &ode7
&f the dataase is configured to run in &4C:.BC>/- mode* inacti,e
groups of filled online redo log files must e archi,ed efore they can
e used again.
Since changes made to the dataase are recorded in the online redo
log files; the dataase administrator can use the physical ac#up of the
data files and the ar"hived online redo log files to reco,er the
dataase without losing any committed data ecause of any single
point of failure* including the loss of a dis#.
$sually* a production dataase is configured to run in &4C:.BC>/-
mode.
*S%'asic &easurement 9nits in ;racle
D E6 F 1 6lo",
Some 6lo",s F 1 C0tent
Some C0tents F 1 Segment
Some Segments F 1 Data File
Some Data Files F 1 Ta+le Spa"e
Logical /tructure
: logical structure hierarchy e"ists as followsB
i. :n >racle dataase is a group of ta+lespa"es.
ii. : talespace may consist of one or more segments.
iii. : segment is made up of e0tents.
i,. :n e"tent is made up of logi"al +lo",s.
,. : loc# is the smallest unit for read and write operations.
The >racle dataase architecture includes logi"al and physi"al
stru"tures that ma#e up the dataase.
q The physi"al stru"ture includes "ontrol files; online redo log files
and data files.
q The logi"al stru"ture includes ta+lespa"es; segments; e0tents and
)51
data +lo",.
,a!lespaces
The data in an >racle dataase is stored in talespaces.
:n >racle dataase can e logically grouped into smaller logical areas
of space #nown as ta+lespa"e.
: talespace can elong to only one dataase at a time.
Each talespace consists of one or more operating system files* which
are called Data Files.
: talespace may contain one or more segments.
1ata .iles >0ot a logical structure-
Each talespace in an >racle dataase consists of one or more files
called Data Files.
Data Files are physical structures that conform the operating system
on which the >racle Ser,er is running.
: data file can elong to only one ta+lespa"e.
:n oracle ser,er created a data file for a tale space y allocating an
specified amount of dis# space plus a small amount of o,erhead.
The dataase administrator can change the si!e of a data file after its
creation or can specify that a data file should dynamically grow as
o?ects in the talespace grow.
/egments
: segment is the space allocated for a specific logical storage
structure within a talespace.
: talespace may consists of one or more segments.
: segment cannot span talespaces* howe,er* a segment can span
multiple datafiles that elong to the same talespace.
Each segment is made up of one or more e"tents.
4xtents
Space is allocated to a segment y e"tents.
>ne or more e"tents ma#e up a segment.
q 0hen a segment is created* it consists of at least one e"tent.
q :s the segment grows* e"tents are added to the segment.
q The (': can manually add e"tents to a segment.
:n e"tent is a set of contiguous >racle loc#s.
:n e"tent cannot span data files* and therefore* it must e"ists in one
datafile.
1ata 'loc#s
The >racle ser,er manages the storage space in the data files in units
called /ra"le +lo",s or Data +lo",s.
:t the finest le,el of granularity* the data in an >racle dataase is
stored in data loc#s.
>racle data loc#s are the smallest units of storage that the >racle
ser,er can allocate* read or write.
)5)
>ne data loc# corresponds to one or more operating system loc#s
allocated from an e"isting data file.
The standard data loc# si!e for an oracle dataase is specified y the
D6G6>/CEGS.HC initiali!ation parameter when the dataase is
created.
,he 1ata!ase Administrator 9sers
E"tra pri,ileges are necessary to e"ecute administrati,e duties on the >racle
ser,er*
such as "reating users.
Two dataase user accounts* SIS and SISTCJ* are created automatically with the
dataase and granted the D6& role.
D6& role is a predefined role that is created automatically with e,ery dataase.
The D6& role has all dataase system privileges.
SYS
0hen a dataase is created* the user SIS; identified initially y the password
"hangeGonGinstall; is created.
SIS owns the ,itally important data di"tionary.
0hen connecting as SYS* it should e made as SISD6& or SIS/<C4.
&f you attempt to connect without SISD6& or SIS/<C4 pri,ileges* you will
recei,e the errorB
/4&-$D00' "onne"ting to SIS should +e SISD6& or SIS/<C4.
SYSTEM
0hen a dataase is created* the user SISTCJ* identified initially y
the password manager; is also created automatically.
:dditional tales and ,iews owned y the user SISTCJ are created.
They contain administrative information used y >racle tools.
:dditional (ataase :dministrator $sers
:dditional users may e created depending on the mode of dataase
creation i.e.* manually; or using Data+ase Configuration &ssistant.
You should create at least one additional administrator username to
use when performing daily administrati,e tas#s.
%or security reasons* the default passwords of SIS and SISTCJ
should e changed immediately after dataase creation.
*A%Initiali:ation 3arameter .iles
To start an instan"e* the /ra"le server reads the initiali5ation
parameter file.
Two types of initiali!ation parameter files e"istB
1. Stati" parameter file; <F.>C* commonly referred to as initS.D.ora
$. <ersistent server parameter file; S<F.>C* commonly referred to as
spfileS.D.ora
)5/
*U%/tarting 9p a 1ata!ase
0hen starting the dataase* you select the state in which it starts.
The following scenarios descrie different stages of starting up an instance.
/tarting the Instance >0;&;90,-
$sually you would start an instance without mounting a dataase only during
data+ase "reation or the re-"reation of "ontrol files.
Starting an instance includes the following tas#sB
1. =eading the initiali!ation file from K/4&C>CG:/JCLd+s in the following
orderB
q %irst spfileS.D.ora. &f not found then
q spfile.ora
). Specifying the <F.>C parameter with ST:=T$; o,errides the default eha,ior
initS.D.ora
/. :llocating the S-&
5. Starting the +a",ground pro"esses
5. >pening the alertS.D.log file and the tra"e files
q The dataase must e named with the D6GN&JC parameter either in the
initiali5ation file or in the ST&4T@< "ommand.
G)%/tarting 9p a 1ata!ase
Mounting the (ataase HM>$9TI
To perform spe"ifi" maintenan"e operations* you start an instance
and mount a dataase +ut do not open the data+ase.
%or e"ample* the dataase must e mounted ut not open during the
following tas#sB
q 4enaming data files
q Cna+ling and disa+ling redo log ar"hiving options
q <erforming full data+ase re"overy
Mounting a dataase includes the folloing tas,s%
q :ssociating a dataase with a pre,iously started instance
q 1ocating and opening the control files specified in the parameter file
q =eading the "ontrol files to otain the names and status of the datafiles and
redo log files. H+owe,er* no chec#s are performed to ,erify the e"istence of the
data files and online redo log files at this time.I
G*%/tarting 9p a 1ata!ase
>pening the (ataase H>;E9I
Normal data+ase operation means that an instan"e is started and the
data+ase is mounted and open.
0ith normal dataase operation* any ,alid user can connect to the
dataase and perform typical data access operations.
>pening the dataase includes the following tas#sB
q >pening the online data files
q >pening the online redo log files
)55
&f any of the data files or online redo log files are not present when
you attempt to open the dataase* the /ra"le server returns an error.
(uring this final stage* the >racle ser,er ,erifies that all the data files
and online redo log files can e opened and chec#s the consistency of
the dataase. &f necessary* the System Jonitor +a",ground pro"ess
1SJ/N2 initiates instance reco,ery.
))-whereB
/<CN enales users to access the dataase
J/@NT mounts the dataase for certain (': acti,ities ut does not pro,ide user
access to the
dataase
N/J/@NT creates the SE: and starts up the ac#ground processes ut does not
pro,ide access to
the dataase
<F.>CFparfile enales a non-default parameter file to e used to configure the
instance
F/4CC aorts the running instance efore performing a normal startup
4CST4.CT enales only users with 4CST4.CTCD SCSS./N privilege to access
the dataase
4CC/BC4 egins media reco,ery when the dataase starts
)/-1A) Copyright r Tan,eer Nhan* )..@. :ll rights reser,ed.
/hutting 1own the 1ata!ase
Shut down the dataase to ma#e operating system offline +a",ups of
all physi"al stru"tures and to ha,e modified stati" initiali5ation
parameters ta#e effect.
To shut down an instance you must connect as SIS/<C4 or
SISD6& and use the following commandB
S:@TD/AN MN/4J&> N T4&NS&CT./N&> N .JJCD.&TC N &6/4T O
/hutdown ;ptions
Shutdown 9ormal
9ormal is the default shutdon mode.
9ormal dataase shutdown proceeds with the following conditionsB
q No ne "onne"tions can e made.
q The >racle ser,er waits for all users to dis"onne"t efore completing the
shutdown.
q Data+ase and redo +uffers are written to dis#.
q 6a",ground pro"esses are terminated* and the S-& is removed from memory.
q /ra"le "loses and dismounts the dataase efore shutting down the instance.
q The ne"t startup does not require an instan"e re"overy.
Shutdown Transactional
: transactional shutdown pre,ents clients from losing wor#.
: transactional dataase shutdown proceeds with the following
conditionsB
)55
q 9o client can start a new transaction on this particular instance.
q : client is disconnected when the client ends the transaction that is in progress.
q 0hen all transactions ha,e finished* a shutdown immediately occurs.
q The ne"t startup does not re-uire an instance reco,ery.
Shutdown &mmediate
&mmediate dataase shutdown proceeds with the following conditionsB
q Current SQ1 statements eing processed y >racle are not completed.
q The >racle ser,er does not wait for users currently connected to the dataase to
disconnect.
q >racle rolls ac# acti,e transactions and disconnects all connected users.
q >racle closes and dismounts the dataase efore shutting down the instance.
q The ne"t startup does not re-uire an instance reco,ery.
Shutdown :ort
&f the normal and immediate shutdown options do not wor#* you can
a+ort the "urrent data+ase instan"e.
:orting an instance proceeds with the following conditionsB
q Current SQ1 statements eing processed y the >racle ser,er are immediately
terminated.
q >racle does not wait for users currently connected to the dataase to disconnect.
q (ataase and redo uffers are not written to dis#.
q $ncommitted transactions are not rolled ac#.
q The instance is terminated without closing the files.
q The dataase is not closed or dismounted.
q The ne"t startup re-uires instance reco,ery* which occurs automatically.
)5-The alert log file #eeps a record of the following informationB
q 0hen the dataase was started or shut down.
q : list of all non-default initiali!ation parameters
q The startup of ac#ground processes
q The log se-uence numer 1E0= is writing to
q &nformation regarding a log switch
q Creation of talespaces and undo segments
q :lter statements that ha,e een issued
q &nformation regarding error messages such as /4&-600 and e"tent errors.
)5-$sing (ifferent Methods for Storing $ser (ata
There are se,eral methods for storing user data in an >racle dataaseB
q 4egular ta+les
q <artitioned ta+les
q .nde0-organi5ed ta+les 1./T2
q Clustered ta+les
Q. form ,alidation le,elsQ
)5@
:ns. a. form le,el ,alidationB occurs when we sa,e data captured on a form to the
dataase
. field le,el ,alidationB occurs data is ,alidated as it is captured y the user on
the form
Q. :lert typesQ
:. &>T:1E=T* '$SST:1E=T* $SE=T:1E=T* C>9%&=MT:1E=T
Q. ;12SQ1 1iraries typesQ
:. .;11B source code and compile* platform specific p-codeHe"ecutale codeI*
.;1DB is platform specific e"ecutale it contains only compiled p-code*
.;1(B te"t format file used for technical documentation.
%ollowing types of ;12SQ1 su programs can e included in a lirary ie
procedures* functions* pac#age specifications* pac#age odies.
Q. form triggers can e categori!ed Q
:. 1.&nterface triggers H#ey triggers* action triggers associated with user o?ects*
mouse triggersI
). 9a,igational triggers Hpre and post triggers* when-new-instance triggersI
Q. what are smart triggersQ
:. each o?ect in the o?ect na,igator has a set of e,ents associated with it. >racle
forms defines pre defined triggers for the form* loc# or the specific item. 0hen
triggers are classified on the asis of o?ect they are termed as smart triggers. e.g
when-,alidate-item
Q. process of wor#ing with reportsQ
:. process of data e"traction* processing it appropriately and finally displaying it
is called report creation. %or creating reports we use tool called >=:C1E
=E;>=T '$&1(E=.
Pariety of formats such as taular* form* master-detail* nested matri"* mailing
laels reports and so on.
-data model and layout editors in which the structure and format of the report can
e created
Q. how report is createdQ
:. 1.y using report wi!ard ).manually
Q. what is data model of reportQ
:. when specifying data for a report a data model should e define. : data model
is composed of some or all of the following data definition o?ects etc. -ueries*
groups* columns* parameters* lin#s.
)5A
QueriesB are s-l select statements that fetch data from oracle dataase tales. These
statements are fired each time the report is run.
EroupsB determine the hierarchy of the data appearing the report and are primarily
used to group columns selected in the -uery. >racle report automatically creates a
group for each -uery.
(ata ColumnsB contain the data ,alues for a report. Each column is placed in the
group associated with the -uery that selected the column.
%ormula ColumnsB %ormula can e entered in %ormula columns. These columns
permit raw tale data to e processed and then displayed in a report column i.e
computed columns. %ormula columns generally names are start with C%T
Summary columnsB are used for calculating summary information li#e sum*
a,erage and so on ased on raw tale data. CST starts with.
(ata 1in#sB used to estalish parent child relationship etween select -ueries ,ia
tale column data matching.
Q. report layout contain what o?ectsQ
:. =epeating frames* frames* fields* oilerplate
Q. run time parameter form contain what o?ectsQ
:. fields* oilerplate
Q. what are the interface components to define report o?ectsQ
:. property sheet* o?ect na,igator* editors* tool palettes and toolars
=.Navigator viesP
&ns% onership;visual
=.types of +lo",P
&ns% +ase ta+le +lo", or data+ase data +lo",; "ontrol +lo",
Q. types of triggers mainlyQ
:nsB pre-*post-*when-*on-*#ey-
Q. master detail relationship integrityQ
:nsB 9on-isolated B pre,ents deletion of the master record when detail record
e"ist.
CascadingB deletes the detail records when master record is deleted.
&solatedB deletes only the master record whether corresponding record e"ist in
detail.
Q. Types of can,asesQ
:nsB stac#ed* content* hori!ontal2,ertical toolar* ta y default is content con,as.
)5F
Q. E"tension of formsQ
:nsB fm for inary* fm" for e"ecute* fmt for te"t. %m shows form module.
Q. Multiple form applicationQ
:nsB we can in,o#e additional form with the e"tension %MD* MMD* ;11.
Q. +ow to in,o#e formsQ
:nsB >;E9T%>=MB the first remains displayed and operators can na,igate
etween forms as desired.
9E0T%>=MB oracle forms e"its the first form and releases its memory efore
loading the new form.
C:11T%>=MB the called form is modal with respect to the calling form. That is
any window that elong to calling form are disaled and operator canMt na,igate.
Q. 9a,igation etween the independent formsQ
:ns. E>T%>=M* 9EDTT%>=M* ;=EP&>$ST%>=M.
Q. (isplaying a 1>P programmaticallyQ
:ns. 1&STTP:1$E* S+>0T1>P
1&STTP:1EB ;rocedure display a 1>P if the current item in the form is a te"t
item and the te"t item has a 1>P attached to it.
S+>0T1>PB function displays an indicated 1>P at the specified display
coordinate ut S+>0T1>P does not re-uire that the 1>P e attached to te"t
item. &t is a 'oolean function and return true if some selection is made from 1>P
and false if the operator cancel the 1>P.
Q. 0hat is Eloal ,arialeQ
:ns. : gloal ,ariale is an oracle forms ,ariale whose ,alues is accessile to
triggers and suprograms in any module that is acti,e during current session. :
gloal ,ariale is always of a character type and it can store up to )55 character in
length.
BE1>':1.my,arB^M MS
BE1>':1.,arB^M.M
To con,ert E1>':1 ,ariale into numer y using the uilt-in T>T9$M'E=
function.
'y default ,ariales are assigned 9$11 ,alue.
Q. 0hat are the system ,arialesQ
:ns. System ,ariale #eeps the trac# of run time status conditions during an oracle
=un-form session* you can read the ,alues of these ,ariales in any form trigger or
suprogram. E.g SYSTEM.'1>CNTST:T$S* SYSTEM.C$==E9TT&TEM etc.
)5G
Q. (efault password of administratorQ
SYS B changeTonTinstall* SYSTEMB Manager.
Q. Eloal dataase name and S&(
:ns. E1>'1: (' 9:MEB SCT.(omain* S&(B sct
Q. 0hat is logical structure of the (ataaseQ
:ns. :n oracle dataase comprises of a numer of physical files called data files.
These files are logically grouped together into an oracle structure called a
talespace.
(ataase administrator can use talespaces to.
-control hard dis# or space allocation for dataase data.
-assign specific hard dis# or space -uotas for dataase users.
-control the a,ailaility of the data y ta#ing indi,idual talespaces online or
offline.
-perform partial dataase ac#up or reco,ery operations.
-allocate data storage across multiple de,ices to impro,e performance.
: dataase is made up of one or more talespaces. Each talespace is made up of
one or more datafiles. The si!e of talespace is determine the as the sum of si!es
of all its datafiles. The sum of all the talespaces represents the storage capacity of
dataase.
Q. 0hat is default talespace when created dataaseQ
:ns. System talespace. System talespace contains the oracle data dictionary
which holds the definition of all oracle o?ects within the dataase. &f no other
talespace e"ists within the dataase* user o?ects such as tales* ,iews or inde"es
when created* will e stored in the system talespace. when user is created in the
asence of any other talespace in the dataase the user is automatically ound to
system talespace.
Q. (atafiles locationQ
:ns. %ile 9ameB p Talespace 9ame7.ora
%ile (irectory Bp >racle +ome72>=:(:T:2pS&(7
Si!eB 5 M'.
E"ample L(BO>=:C1EO>=:(:T:OSCTO;=>($CT&>9.oraM
Q. $sers typesQ
:ns. >racle (':* users with normal pri,ileges
Q. 0hat is port numerQ
:ns. 15)1
)5.
+ow can one determine the status of a talespace Q
'y using the (&S;1:Y (:T:':SE command.
The following is the chec#list to complete a (') atch or on-line program\.
'atch (') C>'>1 program\.
1. &f the program is main program it should ha,e oth ('' and (;N components.
). &f the program is lin#ed HcalledI program it should ha,e only (;N component.
'ut the pac#age generated should e inded Y\Z
0hich command is issued to estalish the 'oot Strap (ata Set after an &2>
failure Q
The (': would issue a =EC>PE= 'S(S command.
0hen one inds a ;:CN:EE H of a plan I what pac#age information is stored and
where it is stored Q
The access path information for the ;:CN:EE is stored as s#eleton pac#age
tales in the S;T.1 tale.
+ow does one remo,e entries from the SCT.) tale Q
=un the %=EE ;1:9 command.
0hen is the s#eleton cursor tale created Q
(uring the e"ecution of the '&9( ;1:9 command.
0hat happens to a talespace when its reco,ery infromation has een remo,ed
and a full reco,ery is no longer possile Q
The talespace is put into copy pending status.
0hich catalog tales contain authori!ation information Q
The SYS&'M tale that contain authori!ation information are SYSC>1:$T+*
SYS(':$T+* SYS;1:9:$T+* SYST:':$T+ and SYS$SE=:$T+
What is read%only cursor ?
: read-only cursor is one in which the result tale was created y a -uery
containing one of the following B
m a (&ST&9CT #eyword
m a $9&>9 operator
m a column or scalar function
m a E=>$; Y\Z
When is the results ta!le for the +uery in a 142LA84 298/;8 statement created ?
The results tale for a -uery specified in a (EC1:=E C$=S>= statement of a
cursor is created during the e"ecution of the >;E9 C$=S>= statement.
)51
What is the syntax re+uired for the creation of a cursor ?
EDEC SQ1
(EC1:=E curTname C$=S>= for
SE1ECT col1*col)
%=>M tale1
0+E=E col1 ^ searchTcondition
E9(-EDEC.
What is a cursor ?
: cursor is a named control structure used to ma#e a set of rows a,ailale to a
program.
What is a result ta!le ?
: result tale is the product of a -uery against one or more tales or ,iews H i.e. it
is the place that holds the results of a -ueryI.
=ow does the processing of a correlated su!+uery differ from a non correlated su!+uery ?
The su-uery in a correlated su-uery is ree,aluated for e,ery row of the tale or
,iew named in the outer -uery* while the su-uery of a non correlated su-uery is
e,aluated only once.
What is correlated su!+uery ?
: correlated su-uery is one that has a correlation name as a tale or ,iew
designator in the %=>M clause of the outer -uery and the same correlation name
as a -ualifier of a search condition in the 0+E=E clause of the su-uery. %or
e"ampleB
SE1ECT colTname1*colTname)
%=>M taleT: "1
0+E=E colTname/
What is su!+uery ?
: su-uery is a -uery that is written as part of another -ueryMs 0+E=E clause.
%or e"ample B
SE1ECT colTname1*colTname)
%=>M taleT:
0+E=E colTname/
=ow do you define a correlated name?
: correlated name can e defined in the %=>M clause of a -uery and in the first
clause of an $;(:TE or (E1ETE statement.
What is correlation names ?
&T is a special type of column designator that connects specific column in the
,arious le,els of a multile,el SQ1 -uery.
)5)
What are column%name +ualifiers used ?
Column-name -ualifier are used as tale designator to a,oid amiguity when the
column names referenced e"ist in more than one tale used in the SQ1 statement.
Column-name -ualifiers are used in correlated references.
What is the /,;/3A24 9tility used for ?
The ST>S;:CE $tility updates the (') catalog with the (:S( utili!ation of the
tale space and inde" space data sets.
0hat statistic will tell the (': how must space can e reclaimed from dropped
tale spaces on the ne"t reorg run Q
The (': can see this in the ;E=C(=>; column of the
SYS&'M.SYST:'1E;:=T catalog tale.
0hat does the =$9ST:TS $tility doQ
The =$9ST:TS $tility collects statistical information for (') tale spaces*
partitions* inde"es* tales and columns and stores this data in the (') Catalog.
0hat can the 1ocate option of the =epair $tility accomplish
The 1ocate option of the =epair $tility can delete a row from a tale space* repair
ro#en tale space pages* and replace data as specific locations in a tale space or
inde".
0hat can the SET option of the =epair $tility accomplish Q
The set option of the =epair utility can reset a copy pending* chec# pending* and
reco,er pending flags.
0hat does the =E>=E $tility do Q
The =E>=E $tility will sort the inde" space and tale space to conform with the
primary inde" or clustering inde" specified in the ((1. &t will also reclaim the
space from dropped simple tale spaces.
0hat is the purpose of the Q$&ESE $tility Q
The Q$&ESE $tility pre,ents the start of any new tale space acti,ity while it
gi,es acti,e threads a chance to finish their tas#s. >nce all thread are inacti,e* it
records information to estalish a point of consistency for future reco,ery.
0hy might full image copies e faster to implement than an incremental image
copy Q
'ecause an incremental image copy has to search for changed data and cannot
ma#e use of se-uential pre fetch. Con,ersely* a full image copy has no chec#ing to
do as it ta#es ad,antage of se-uential pre fetch.
)5/
0hat does the C+ECN $tility do Q
The C+ECN $tility chec#s the referential integrity of tale relations and chec#s
the integrity of the inde"es y matching inde" column ,alues to tale column
,alues.
0hat is the purpose of the (S9C transaction Q
The (S9C transaction is used for controlling the C&CS Call :ttach %acilityHC:%I
and for (isplaying C:% statistics.
0hat is a thread Q
: thread is the connection etween (') and some other susystem* such as C&CS
or &MS2(C.
0hat is a root page Q
The opposite of a leaf pageS it is the highest le,el inde" page. :n inde" can
contain only the one root pageS all other inde" pages are associated to the root.
0hat are leaf pages Q
They are the opposite of root pages. 1eaf pages are the lowest le,el inde" pages -
the pages that contain inde" entries and information to the corresponding tale
rows.
What is meant !y isolation level ?
This is a #ey concept for any relational dataase. &solation le,el is the manner in
which loc#s are applied and released during a transaction. %or ('s a Lrepeatale
readM holds all loc#s untile the transaction completes or a syncpoint is issued. %or
transactions using Lcursor stailityM the page loc# releases are issued as the cursor
Y\Z
What is an asychronous write ?
&t is a write to dis# that may occur efore or long after a commit. The write is
controlled y the uffer manager.
What is a 2artesian product ?
: Cartesian product results from a faulty -uery. &t is a row in the results for e,ery
comination in the ?oin tales.
What is the difference !etween I0 su!selects and 4@I/,/ su!select ?
&f there is an inde" on the attriutes tested an &9 is more efficient since (') uses
the inde" for the &9.
)55
2ompare a su!select to a <oin ?
:ny suselect can e rewritten as a ?oin* ut not ,ice ,ersa. Joins are usually more
efficient as ?oin rows can e returned immediately* suselects re-uire a temporary
wor# area for inner selects results while processing the outer select.
What is the .844 command ?
The %=EE command can e used to delete plans and2or pac#ages no longer
needed.
What is the purpose of the W=404M48 statement ?
The 0+E9EPE= statement is coded once in the host program to control program
actions depending on the SQ1-C>(E returned y each s-l statement within the
program.
What is the significance of the 298/;8 WI,= =;L1 clause in a cursor declaration ?
The clause a,oids closing the cursor and repositioning it to the last row processed
when the cursor is reopened.
What is the difference !etween static and dynamic /QL ?
Static SQ1 is hard-coded in a program when the programmer #nows the
statements to e e"ecuted. %or dynamic s-l the program must dynamically
allocate memory to recei,e the -uery results.
What is an intent loc# ?
:n intent loc# is at the tale le,el for a segmented talespace or at the talespace
le,el for a non-segmented talespace. They indicate at the tale or talespace
le,el the #inds of loc#s at lower le,els.
What are the three loc# types ?
The three types are shared* update and e"clusi,e. Shared loc#s allow two or more
programs to read simultaneously ut not change the loc#ed space. :n e"clusi,e
loc# ars all other users from accessing the space. :n update loc# is less
restricti,eS it allows other transactions to read or ac-uire shared loc#s on the space.
What is deadloc# ?
(eadloc# occurs when transactions e"ecuting at the same time loc# each other out
of data that they need to complete their logical units of wor#.
0hat are some SQ1 aggregates and other uilt-in functions Q
The common aggregate* uilt-in functions are :PE* S$M* M&9* M:D* C>$9T
and (&ST&9CT.
What #eyword does an /QL /4L42, statement use for a string search ?
The 1&NE #eyword allows for string searches. The V sign is used as a wildcard.
)55
0hat is a composite inde" and how does it differ from a multiple inde" Q
: multiple inde" is not one inde" ut two inde"es for two different columns of a
tale. : composite inde" is one inde" made up of comined ,alues from two
columns in a tale. &f two columns in a tale will often e accessed together a
composite inde" will e efficient.
0hat are some characteristics of columns that enefit from inde"es Q
;rimary #ey and foreign #ey columnsS columns that ha,e uni-ue ,aluesS columns
that ha,e aggregates computed fre-uently and columns used to test the e"istence
of a ,alue.
0hen can an insert of a new primary #ey ,alue threaten referential integrity Q
9e,er. 9ew primary #ey ,alues are not a prolem. +owe,er* the ,alues of foreign
#ey inserts must ha,e corresponding primary #ey ,alues in their related tales.
:nd updates of primary #ey ,alues may re-uire changes in foreign #ey ,alues to
maintain referential integrity.
0hat are delete-connected tales Q
Tales related with a foreign #ey are called delete-connected ecause a deletion in
the primary #ey tale can affect the contents of the foreign #ey tale.
0hat is the self-referencing constraint Q
The self-referencing constraint limits in a single tale the changes to a primary #ey
that the related foreign #ey defines. The foreign #ey in a self referencing tale
must specify the (E1ETE C:SC:(E rule.
0hat is the cascade rule and how does it relate to deletions made with a
suselect Q
The cascade rule will not allow deletions ased on a suselect that references the
same tale from which the deletions are eing made.
0hat is a 1&NE tale and how is it created Q
: 1&NE tale is created y using the 1&NE parameter in a C=E:TE tale
statement. 1&NE tales are typically created for a test en,ironment from the
production en,ironment.
0hat is an alias and how does it differ from a synonym Q
:n alias is an alternati,e to a synonym* designed for a distriuted en,ironment to
a,oid ha,ing to use the location -ualifier of a tale or ,iew. The alias is not
dropped when the tale is dropped.
)5@
0hat is a synonymQ +ow is it used Q
: synonym is used to reference a tale or ,iew y another name. The other name
can then e written in the application code pointing to test tales in the
de,elopment stage and to production entities when the code is migrated. The
synonym is lin#ed to the :$T+&( that created it.
0hat is a cursor and what is its function Q
:n emedded SQ1 statement may return a numer of rows while the
programming language can only access one row at a time. The programming
de,ice called a cursor controls the position of the row.
0hat is talespace Q
Tales are stored in talespaces Hhence the nameIg There are three types of
talespacesB simple* segmented and partitioned.
0hat is the difference etween group y and order y Q
Eroup y controls the presentation of the rows* order y controls the presentation
of the columns for the results of the SE1ECT statement.
0hat is a suselectQ &s it different from a nested selectQ
: suselect is a select which wor#s in con?unction with another select. : nested
select is a #ind of suselect where the inner select passes to the where criteria for
the outer select.
E"plain an outer ?oin Q
:n outer ?oin includes rows from tales when there are no matching ,alues in the
tales.
0hat is a ,iewQ 0hy use itQ
: ,iew is a ,irtual tale made up of data from ase tales and other ,iews* ut not
stored separately.
0hat do the initials ((1 and (M1 stand for and what is their meaning Q
((1 is data definition language and (M1 is data manipulation language. ((1
statements are C=E:TE* :1TE=* T=$9C:TE. (M1 statements are SE1ECT*
&9SE=T* (E1ETE and $;(:TE.
0hat are foreign #eys Q
These are attriutes of one tale that ha,e matching ,alues in a primary #ey in
another tale* allowing for relationships etween tales.
)5A
0hat is normali!ation and what are the fi,e normal forms Q
9ormali!ation is a design procedure for representing data in taular format. The
fi,e normal forms are progressi,e rules to represent the data with minimal
redundancy.
0hat is the difference etween TY;E 1 inde" < TY;E ) inde" Q
TY;E 1 < TY;E ) are specified when an inde" is created on the tale. TY;E )
inde" is the option which comes with (')P5. 0ith TY;E ) inde" data can e
retrie,ed faster as only the data pages are loc#ed and not the inde" pages. +ence
TY;E ) inde" is recommended.
whatMs the est loc# si!e that you could use when you create a talespace Q
The answer is 1oc#si!e ^ :9Y. $nless you are Sure whatMs the ;urpose of
talespace ie.* =ead-only or =20. &f you use loc# si!e âny* () would
automatically determine what type of loc#s it should use.
0hat are the functions of 'ind Q
'&9( mainly performs two things synta" chec#ing and authori!ation chec#ing.&t
inds together all pac#ages into an application plan hence the name '&9(.:part
from this ind has optimiser as a sucomponent.&ts function is to determine the
optimum access strategy.
0hat is the difference etween ?oin and union Q
?oin is used to retrie,e data from different tales using a single s-l statement.
union is used to comine the results of two or more s-l -ueries.
0hen Can you e sure that a -uery will return only one row Q
0hen you use the primary #ey and only the primary #ey in the where clause.
+ow many su -ueries can you comine together Q
Total 1@ -ueries and su -ueries are 15
can & alter a tale He.g. adding a columnI when other user is selecting some
columns or updating some columns from the same taleQ
yes possile. until the updation or selection is committed d) tale will not e
restructured. new column definition will e there ut it will not e included until
all the tas#s on the tale are committed.
& need to ,iew the numer of tales e"isting under one particular >wner. &s it
possileQ &f so* pl gi,e the SQ1 -uery for this Q
)5F
The -uery SE1ECT 4 %=>M SYS&'M.SYST:'1ES 0+E=E C=E:T>= ^
Lowner idM This displays the tale names with that &f you want only the numer of
tales gi,e the following -uery. SE1ECT C>$9TH4I %=>M
SYS&'M.SYST:'1ES 0+E=E C=E:T>= ^ Lowner idM Ma#e sure that you are
in correct susystem.
0hat is auditing Q
=ecording SQ1 statements that access a tale. Specified at tale creation time or
through alter.
+ow do & create a tale M:9:EE= HEM;-9>* M:9:EE=I where M:9:EE=
is a foreign #ey which references to EM;-9> in the same taleQ Ei,e the e"act
((1.
%irst C=E:TE M:9:EE= tale with EM;-9> as the primary #ey. Then
:1TE= it to define the foreign #ey.
0hat are the disad,antages of using P:=C+:= Q
Can lead to high space utili!ation if most of the ,alues are close to ma"imum.
;ositioning of P:=C+:= column has to e done carefully as it has performance
implications.
=elocation of rows to different pages can lead to more &2>s on retrie,al.
0hen would you prefer to use P:=C+:= Q
0hen a column which contains long te"t* e.g. remar#s* notes* may ha,e in most
cases less than 5.V of the ma"imum length.
0hat do you mean y 9>T 9$11 0&T+ (E%:$1T Q 0hen will you use itQ
This column cannot ha,e nulls and while insertion* if no ,alue is supplied then it
will ha,e !eroes* spaces or date2time depending on whether it is numeric* character
or date2time.$se it when you do not want to ha,e nulls ut at the same time cannot
gi,e ,alues all the time you insert this row.
0hat is the difference etween SY9>9YM and :1&:S Q
SY9>9YM B is dropped when the tale or talespace is dropped. Synonym is
a,ailale only to the creator.
:1&:S B is retained e,en if tale or talespace is dropped. :1&:S can e
created e,en if the tale does not e"ist. &t is used mainly in distriuted
en,ironment to hide the location information from programs. :lias Y\Z
0hat is a synonym Q
)5G
Synonym is an alternate name for a tale or ,iew used mainly to hide the leading
-ualifier of a tale or ,iew.. : synonym is accessile only y the creator.
0hat is inde" cardinality Q
The numer of distinct ,alues a column or columns contain.
0hat is filter factor Q
>ne di,ided y the numer of distinct ,alues of a column.
0hat are simple* segmented and partitioned tale spaces Q
Simple TalespaceB Can contain one or more tales. =ows from multiple tales
can e interlea,ed on a page under the (':Ms control and maintenance
Segmented TalespaceB Can contain one or more tales. Talespace is di,ided
into segments of 5 to @5 pages in &ncrements of 5 pages. Each segment is
dedicated to single tale. Y\Z
0hat is %=EE;:EE and ;CT%=EE in T:'1ES;:CE creation Q
;CT%=EEB percentage of each page to e left free
%=EE;:EEB 9umer of pages to e loaded with data etween each free page
0hat is an inner ?oin* and an outer ?oin Q
&nner JoinB comine information from two or more tales y comparing all ,alues
that meet the search criteria in the designated column or columns of one tale with
all the ,alues in corresponding columns of the other tale or tales. This #ind of
?oin which in,ol,e a match in oth columns are called inner ?oins.
>uter Y\Z
&f & ha,e a ,iew which is a ?oin of two or more tales* can this ,iew e updatale Q
9o.
:re ,iews updatale Q
9ot all of them. Some ,iews are updatale e.g. single tale ,iew with all the
fields or mandatory fields. E"amples of non-updatale ,iews are ,iews which are
?oins* ,iews that contain aggregate functions Hsuch as M&9I* and ,iews that ha,e
E=>$; 'Y clause.
0hat are the components of physical dataase structure of >racle dataase
1atest :nswerB datafile*control file and redo logs ...
0hat process writes from data files to uffer cacheQ
1atest :nswerB &t3s Ser,er ;rocess and not ('0= ...
Can you start a dataase without S;file in oracle GiQ
)@.
1atest :nswerB :nswerB Yes* 0e can start a dataase without spfile. &t is not
necessary that the dataase should e open with spfile. &f init.ora file is there* then
you can open the dataase. Then later you can create a spfile from pfile.
Mohammed ...
0hat is a talespace
1atest :nswerB >racle Stores logically data in talespaces* e,ery dataase atleast
one talespace accumulated with it* talespace is two types System TalespacesB-
created automatically when dataase is created y oracle ser,er* to hold system
o?ects* data dictionary ...
+ow to Estimate the si!e of TalespaceQQQ
1atest :nswerB it depends on how many .df files u r going to store *it will e
ur si!e of data oracle recommends if one .df file si!e e"ceeds si!e of )g then we
ha,e to create a new .df etension file . it is the physical file while ...
0hat is difference etween spfile and init.ora fileQQQ
1atest :nswerB ;file1. te"t file). changes ta#e effect on the ne"t startup/.
initS&(.oraS;file1. inary file). changes perisitent across startup and shutdown/.
spfileS&(.ora >nly way to start d with spfile in non default location S;%&1E ^
must eplaced in pfile ...
+ow to find how many dataase reside in >racle ser,er in -ueryQ
1atest :nswerB 8 ps -eaf6grep pmon ...
0hat is the dataase holding Capacity of >racle Q
1atest :nswerB E"atly upto 51) peta ytes H refer to >racle (ataase Concenpts
manualI. ...
0here does the SC9 resides Hsystem change numerI
1atest :nswerB SC9 changes for e,ery / minutes in 1.g and for each and e,ery
action in Gi. &t resides in control files and data files. CN;T Hchec#pointI
ac#ground process updates the SC9 numers from control files to the datafiles.
SM>9 Hsystem monitorI ac#ground ...
0hat are the components of logical dataase structure of >racle dataase
1atest :nswerB (ata o?ects are used to stored data when needs to grow ta#e
chun#s of space that is called e"tents and an data o?ects multiple e"tents are
stored in segment. ...
0hat is an &nde" Q +ow it is implemented in >racle (ataase Q
:n inde" is a dataase structure used y the ser,er to ha,e direct access of a row
in a tale. :n inde" is automatically created when a uni-ue of primary #ey
constraint clause
)@1
1atest :nswerB &nde"es are used oth to impro,e performence and to ensure
uni-uness of a column. >racle automatically creates an inde" when a $9&Q$E or
;=&M:=Y #ey constarints clause is specified in a create tale command.0e can
manually create our own inde"es ,ia the ...
0hich process writes data from data files to dataase uffer cacheQ
1atest :nswerB Ser,er process writes the data loc# it read from the dataase to
the uffer. ('0= process writes data from uffer to dataase. ...
0hat is the correct se-uence among %ETC+* EDEC$TE* :nd ;:=SE
1atest :nswerB 1. ;arseB a. Search for identical statement. Chec# synta"* o?ect
names* and pri,ilegesc. 1oc# o?ects used during parsed. Create and store
e"ecution plan). E"ecuteB ;rocess the Statement/. %etchB =eturn rows to $ser
;rocess ...
+ow can e determine the si!e of the dataaseQ
You can -uery daTdataTfiles and daTtempTfiles
1atest :nswerB :t oracle le,el -uery data files K tempfiles:t >S le,el use df -# or
du -h ...
0here we use itmap inde" Q
1atest :nswerB The e"planations are ao,e* read further in the concepts manual.&
would ad,ice caution when using these* as they can cause se,ere conention when
used in $pdate2&nsert &ntensi,e 2 >1T; en,irons.This is ecause of the way the
itmap inde" is
organi!edBPalue1Browid*rowid*rowid........Palue)Browid*rowid*rowid........ ...
+ow many memory layers are in the shared poolQ
1atest :nswerB Than#s for the informationg ...
+ow to #now which -uery is ta#ing long timeQ
1atest :nswerB You can use ST:TS;:CN to ta#e S9:;s while running those
-ueries and get the report with details of SQ1s ta#ing more time to respond. ...
0hat is SYSTEM talespace and when is it created
1atest :nswerB System talespace is a talespace that stores all the data dictionary
tales in dataase and it is created at the time of dataase creation. This
talespace is always and must e online for dataase to e open. ...
E"plain the relationship among dataase* talespace and data file.0hat is schema
1atest :nswerB There is a ,ery close relationship etween dataase* talespaces
and datafilesTechnically --7 : dataase is lin#ed with one or more talespacesand
a talespace is lin#ed with one or more datafile>ne datafile has not lin#ed with
two or more talespaces ...
0hat is >racle tale
1atest :nswerB The Collection of informations stored in the strutrued format that
is called a tale ...
0hat is an >racle ,iew
)@)
1atest :nswerB : ,iew is a named -uery. &t is Wa tailored presentation of the data
contained in one or more tales Hor other ,iewsI.X %or SQ1* ,iew ^ a named or
deri,ed ,irtual tale m %or users* ,iew ^ a tale Hwhich in fact does not e"istgI m ...
(o a ,iew contain data
1atest :nswerB 9o* it does not contain own data ...
0hat is an >racle inde"
1atest :nswerB :n &nde" is ased on tree structre that allow direct access to a row
in a tale* oracle uses different type of inde" 1I '-Tree &nde")I 'itmap &nde" ...
0hat is the use of control file
1atest :nswerB $SE of Control %ileBControl file contains control information used
to - Start an instance such as location of datafile and redo log files. These file
maintain internal consistency and guide reco,ery operation. Control file is stored
in .ctl format and ...
0hat is a Schema Q
The set of o?ects owned y user account is called the schema.
1atest :nswerB Schema is collection of dataase o?ect. ...
0hat does dataase do during mounting processQ
1atest :nswerB (uring dataase mount process* >racle would chec# for the
e"istence of controlfiles mentioned in init.ora file ut it wont chec# the contents of
the controlfile which is done during the opening of dataase. ...
+ow can you chec# which user has which =ole.
1atest :nswerB SE1ECT :.=>1E*:.;=&P&1EEE%=>M =>1ETSYST;=&PS
:*(':T=>1ET;=&PS '0+E=E :.=>1E^'.E=:9TE(T=>1E
:9('.E=:9TEE^3SC>TT3$9&>9SE1ECT null role* :.;=&P&1EEE%=>M
daTsysTpri,s a0+E=E a.grantee ^ 3SC>TT3 ...
You ha,e ta#en import of a tale in a dataase. you ha,e got the &ntegrity
constraint ,iolation error.
You ha,e ta#en import of a tale in a dataase. you ha,e got the &ntegrity
constraint ,iolation error. +ow you are going to resol,e it.
0hy in 1.E* when you use real time apply feature in con?unction with Ma"imum
;rotection* you can achi,e
0hy in 1.E* when you use real time apply feature in con?unction with Ma"imum
;rotection* you can achi,e !ero data loss* ut not !ero dataase downtimeQQ
0hat is >=:-1555Q
1atest :nswerB >=:-1555 error can occur in >racle 1.g also e,en with $9(>
=ETE9T&>9 E$:=:9TEE enaled. >=:-1555 happens* when >racle ser,er
)@/
process could not find the loc#-image in $9(> talespace for the read-
consistency.$sually this happens when there is not ...
0hat is SC9 numer in >racleQ ;l! any one gi,e me the e"planation for SC9
1atest :nswerB >nly the 1E0= will e triggered for e,ery / seconds. CN;T will
e happening ased on the reco,ery settings we ha,e gi,en for the dataase. for
e". %:STTST:=TTMTT=TT:=EET* when e,er 1og switch happening* alter
talespace offline 2 readonly... ...
Can a talespace hold o?ects from different schemes
1atest :nswerB &t can e* the only re-uired option is that your talespace ha,e
-uota assigned to any user that want to store o?ects in it. ...
0hat are the ad,antages of ,iews
1atest :nswerB 1. ;ro,ide additional le,el of tale security y restricting access to
a predetermined set of rows or columns of a tale.). +ide (ata comple"ityB %or
e"ample* a single ,iew might e defined with a ?oin* which is a collection of
related columns or rows ...
0hat are the types of synonyms
1atest :nswerB two types of synonims.1.pulic synonim*).pri,ate
synoniim.pri,ate synonym is confined to a particular user.pulic can e used y all
the user3s. ...
0hat are the different types of segments
1atest :nswerB data segmentundo segmenttemperory segment&nde" segments ...
0hat is the function of redo log
1atest :nswerB The =edo log files records the changes made to the dataase in
the form of =E(>1>E entries* which are helpful at the time of (ataase
=eco,ery ;rocess. ...
&s it possile to drop more than one tale using single s-l statementQ if yes then
how.
1atest :nswerB That is not correct :hishe# reddy..BISpool is not a SQ1
statement.n Moreo,er* actually you are creating multiple SQ1 statements and
e"ecuting them.9o - would e my answer if the -uestion was cis that possile to
drop more than one tale y using single ...
+ow do you rename a dataaseQ
1atest :nswerB use nid utility. ...
9ame init.ora parameters which effects system performance.
1atest :nswerB :dditionally*;E:T:ggregateTtarget set when 0or#TareaTpolicy
is set to auto and %:STTST:=TTMTT=TTarget set may also affect d2
performance ...
0hat are materiali!ed ,iewsQ when are they usedQ
1atest :nswerB Query =ewrite option ad,antages we can get with the materiali!e
,iew option also. ...
)@5
+>0 ) E9:'1E ;:=T&T&>9&9E %E:$T$=E &9 >=:C1E Fi
1atest :nswerB ;:=T&T&>9 is one of the options* which you can enale when
you install >racle Enterprice Edition.You may enale it later if you didn3t choose
to install at first time. You will ha,e to install again y using >$& and choose the
;:=T&T&>9 option ...
0hat are the diffrent file types that are supported y SQ141oaderQ
1atest :nswerB &3m sceptical aout the .md.The simple* answer is %i"ed width or
(elimited TEDT files. ...
+ow to estimate si!e of dataaseQ
1atest :nswerB select sum H ytesI from daTdataTfiles Sselect sumHytesI from
,8logSselect sum H ytes I from daTtempTfiles STotal sum of all the three will
gi,e the dataase si!e . ...
*/P+/2 A1*/AA/, @$/WB
_ Aoly 'rophet was born in L=7 A%@ GGnd April%
_ 2atherVs name- Aa4at Abdullah%
_ otherV Name- Aa4rat Amna%
_ aternal Crand 2atherVs name Dahib bins Abdul unnaf%
_ aternal Crandmother- #atarah%
_ "eal name of Abdu utalib was Shaba%
_ Crandmother name- 2atima%
_ 78 is the number of 0ncles and 5 aunts%
)@5
_ 'rophet ,ourneyed to Syria with Abu Talib at 7G years%
_ At GL 'rophet married to Aa4rat $hadi,a%
_ Aa4rat $hadi,a accepted !slam first in Domen and in all%
_ Aa4rat Abu #a1ar accepted first in en%
_ Aa4rat Ali accepted first in Children%
_ Earqa #in Naufal &erified 'rophet for the first time%
_ Aoly prophet had 6 dau*hters and > sons%
_ At a*e of 68 holy 'rophet recei&ed first Dahy%
_ Aa4rat ùbaida ."A/ was the second wife of Aoly 'rophet%
_ !n 5GG A%@ Aoly 'rophet mi*rated to madina%
_ Aa4rat Aaleema was the foster mother of Aoly 'rophet%
_ #esides Aa4rat Aaleema ."A/ Aoly 'rophet .'#0A/ said that
0mme-e-Aemon is also my mother%
_ Name the foster mother.s/ of the Aoly 'rophet .SAD/ Aa4rat
Aalema ."A/- Aa4rat Sobia ."A/ and Aa4rat $hola ."A/
_ Aow many years after the birth of Aoly 'rophet .SAD/- Aa4rat
Aamina diedK Si+ years
_ Sheema was the foster sister of Aoly 'rophet%
_ Abduallh #in Abu Sheema was the foster brother of 'rophet%
_ Aa4rat Aaleema loo1ed after the holy prophet for 6 years%
_ >L was the a*e at the time of Aa,r-i-Aswad incident%
_ Aa4rat #ilal Aabshi was the first sla&e to accept !slam%
_ Dife of Abu Lahab used to spread throne in the way of prophet in
6th year of prophethood%
_ Aome of Aa4rat Arqam ."A/ used as the centre of secret preachin*
by the holy prophet%
_ !n =th Nab&i boycott of #anu Aashim be*an%
_ Aa4rat Adam met with Aoly 'rophet on the first hea&en%
_ Aa4rat !sa and Aa4rat 9ahya on Gnd%
_ Aa4rat 9aqub on >rd%
_ Aa4rat !drees on 6th%
_ Aa4rat Aarron on Lth%
_ Aa4rat usa on 5th%
_ Aa4rat !braheem on =th%
_ Al-$aswa is the name of Camel on which prophet tra&eled%
_ 'rophet purchased mosque land at medina from two orphans%
_ 6L Companions were with 'rophet in mi*ration to madina%
_ Charter of adina was issued on 7 A%A it had L> Articles%
_ Transfer of Qibla was ordered in Gnd A%A%
_ G= total no of Cha4was%
)@@
_ 2irst Cha4wah of !slam was Didan- fou*ht in 7Gth month of 2irst
Ai,rah%
_ Han* #adr occurred in G A%A% >7> uslims fou*ht in battle%
_ Types of Aadith are 78%
_ !mam ùhri ."A/ became the first to consolidate Ahadith%
_ No of Aadith Collected by Abu Auraira ."A/ L>=6%
_ 'rophet ha4rat Noah .AS/ 1nown as Shai1h al Anbiya
_ Aby 0baiduh #in Hiirrah was entitled Ameen-ul 0mmat%
_ Aa4rat 0mar proposed A4an for the first time%
_ The dome o&er the sacred Cra&e of the holy prophet is 1nown as
@unbade-$hi4ra%
_ #aitul amur is a place where se&enty thousand an*les were
circumambulation durin* the Aoly Ascension%
_ #aitul amoor is on =th Aea&en%
_ 6 1in*s accepted !slam when holy prophet sent them letters%
_ osque of àrar was demolished by prophet%
_ 0me Salma was present at the time of the battle of $hyber%
_ Aa4rat Ali Conquered the fort of Qamus%
_ Lady named àinab tried to poison the Aoly 'rophet%
_ 'rophet recited surah Al-2atha at the conquest of a11ah %
_ Aashim was *rand father of prophet M brother of uttalib%
_ The name uhamammad was proposed by Abdul uttalib while the
name Ahmed was proposed by #ibi Aminah%
_ i*ration from ecca to Abyssinia too1 place in the =th month of
the Lth year of the mission i%e 57L A%d% The total number of mi*rated
people was 7L
_ Second mi*ration to Aabshah too1 place in 575 A%@%
_ Second mi*ration to Abyssinia 787 people with 7S females%
_ After AminaVs death- 0mmay Aimen loo1ed after 'rophet%
_ After Aarb-e-2a,,ar- 'rophet too1 part in Aalaf-ul-2a4ul%
_ 'rophet made second business trip to Syria in G6th year of
elephant%
_ 2riend of $hadi,a Nafeesa carried messa*e of Ni1ah%
_ Surname of Aaleema Sadia was 0mmay $abtah%
_ Surname of 'rophet was Abu-ul-Qasim%
_ @aVia of the 'rophet was Shifa who was mother of Abdul "ehman
bin Auf%
_ Abdul utalib died in L=N A%@%
_ asaira a sla&e of $hadi,a accompanied 'rophet to Syria%
_ 2oster mothers of 'rophet were Aaleema- Sobia M $hola%
)@A
_ 2irst forster mother was Sobia who was mother of Aam4a%
_ 2or si+ years Aaleema too1 care of 'rophet%
_ 2or two years Abdul utalib too1 care of 'rophet%
_ 'rophet had two real paternal uncles i%e ùbair M Abu Talib%
_ ùbair died before 'rophethood%
_ After = days the Aqeeqa ceremony of 'rophet was held%
_ 'rophet belon*ed to #anu Aashim clan of Quraish tribe%
_ Amon* uncles Abbas M Aam4a embraced !slam%
_ Amina was buried at Abwa b(w a11ah M adina%
_ Si+ months before the 'rophetVs birth his father died%
_ 'rophet had no brother and no sister%
_ Abdullah died at adina%
_ 'rophet had si+ aunties%
_ 2oster father of 'rophet was Aaris%
_ At the a*e of 7L- Aerb-e-2a,,ar too1 place%
_ Aerb-e-2a,,ar means war fou*ht in the probihited months%
_ 2irst father-in-law of 'rophet was $hawalid%
_ Aamina belon*ed to #ani òhra tribe%
_ 0mar accepted !slam in 575 A%d%
_ Social boycott of #anu Aashim too1 place in =th Nab&i%
_ ShiVb means &alley%
_ Social boycott continued for > years%
_ A *roup of adina met 'rophet in 77th Nab&i%
_ 0qba is located near a11ah%
_ The *roup of adinites belon*ed to $ha4ra, tribe%
_ Accord of 0qba too1 place in 7>th Nab&i%
_ On G=th "a,ab- 78 Nab&i the e&ent of ira, too1 place%
_ 78th Nab&i was called Aam-ul-Aa4an .year of *rief/%
_ Name of the camel on which 'rophet was ridin* in mi*ration was
Qaswa%
_ Omaar bin Aisham was the ori*inal name of Abu Hehl%
_ Abu-al-Ai1m is the title of Abu Hehl%
_ Dhen did Aa4rat Aam4a ."A/ embrace !slam 2ifth Naba&i
_ 'ersons included in #ait-e-0qba Oola 7G and in #ait-e-0qba Sani
=L%
_ Ca&e of Aira is > miles from a11ah%
_ Ai,ra too1 place in 7>th Nab&i%
_ Second con&ent of Al-Aqba arri&ed at a11ah in 7Gth Nab&i%
_ edina is 66S $m from a11ah% .GL8 miles/
_ a11ah conquest occurred in Sth year of Ai,ra%
)@F
_ 'rophet performed Aa,, in 78th Ai,a%
_ 'rophet was buried in the hu,ra of Ayesha%
_ 'rophet was born in 7st 9ear of ?lephant%
_ Ambassadors sent to ArabM other countries in =th Ai,ra%
_ $in* of !ran tore away the messa*e of 'rophet%
_ $in* of #y4antine in =th Ai,ra was Aercules%
_ After 5 years of the birth of Aoly prophet #ibi Aamna died%
_ After S years of the birth of 'rophet Abdul uttalib died%
_ 5>G A%@ Charter of adina%
_ Aoly 'rophet demised at the a*e of 5>%
_ Ai,rah year be*an with 76th Nab&i%
_ 78th year of prophet hood is 1nown as year of *rief%
_ 2irst A4an was called out in 7% A%A%
_ #ahira Syrian Christian saint reco*ni4ed prophet as last prophet%
_ Aarb-i-2a,,ar was a war fou*ht b(w Quraish and #ani Aawa4in
'rophet was of 7L years and participated in it%
_ 'rophet &isited Taif in 78th Nab&i%
_ Tribe of Taif was Saqaif%
_ 'rophet with àid bin Aaris- went Taif M stayed for 78 days%
_ #ibi Amna suc1led 'rophet for > days%
_ After 7S month at adina of chan*e of Qibla occurred%
_ Old name of ù Qiblatain is #anu Saleem%
_ 'rophet prayed G years in ca&e Aira before first re&elation%
_ The name of !badat done by 'rophet in Aira was Tahanas%
_ Ca&e of Aira is in Habal-e-Noor ountain%
_ At as,id-e-Aanif .adina/ almost =8 prophets are buried%
_ as,id-e-Aanif .ina/ ch1
_ onth of mi*ration was "abiul Awal
_ Qibla chan*ed in Gnd Ai,ra%
_ Qiblah now-a-days is called $hana-e-$aba%
_ 'rophet addressed $hutba-e-HumVaa for first time in 7st Ai,ra
_ A4an for prayer was adopted in 7st Ai,ra%
_ !nhabitants of Taaif accepted !slam in Nth Ai,rah%
_ 9ear of @eputation is Nth Ai,rah%
_ oawa1hat .the brotherhood / too1 place in Gnd Ai,ra%
_ Hehad was allowed in Gnd Ai,rah%
_ Ashaab-e-Sufah: uha,irs who stayed near as,id-e-Nab&i%
_ Aurrirah means a cat%
_ #ait-e-"i4wan too1 place in 5th Ai,rah%
_ Hewish tribe of #anu Nu4air e+pelled from adina in 6th A%
)@G
_ #ait-e-"i4wan is also 1nown as #ait-e-Sha,ra made under $ee1ar
tree%
_ Companions of 'rophet at Audabiya were 7688%
_ 'rophet stayed at a11ah for 7L days after its conquest%
_ 7 Lac companions accompanied 'rophet at last Aa,,%
_ 'rophet spent his last days in AyeshaVs house%
_ Ca&e of Soar is located near a11ah L miles%
_ Quba is > miles away from adina%
_ !n si+th year of Ai,rah- 'rophet intended for 0mrah%
_ Aam-ul-Dufood is Nth A%A%%
_ 'rophet stayed in Ayyub AnsariVs house for = months%
_ 'rophet performed 0mrah in =th A%A%
_ Aa4rat Aaleema loo1ed after the Aoly 'rophet for > years%
_ àid #in Aaris ."%A/ was the adopted son of the Aoly 'rophet%
_ $uniyaat of the Aoly 'rophet was Abul Qasim%
_ Aoly prophet made first trade ,ourney at the a*e of N%
_ Nafeesa carried $hadi,aVs messa*e of marria*e to 'rophet%
_ 9ear L=8 1nown as year of ?lephant or Amal 2il%
_ Aa4rat $hadi,a and Aa4rat Abu Talib died in 57N%
_ 2irst place from where 'rophet openly started his preachin* Habl
2aran or ount Safa%
_ 'rophet did co&ert messa*in* at Aouse of Ar1am upto > Nab&i% .i%e
for > years/
_ 'rophet preached openly in 6th Nab&i%
_ 'rophet narrated the e&ent of ira, first of all to 0mm-e-Aani .real
sister of Ali/
_ 'rophet was stayin* at the house of 0mme-e-Aani on the ni*ht of
ira,%
_ !n mira, 'rophet tra&eled from #aitul uqadas to Sidratul antaha%
_ @urin* Ai,rat Saraqa bin Sa,,al spied%
_ !n ira, Hibrael called Aa4an in #aitul uqadas%
_ 'rophet led all the prophets in a prayer in mira, at al-Aqsa
_ 2atima died after 5 onths .a*e<>7-77 A%A/ 'rophet%
_ 9oun*est dau*hter 2atima%
_ !slamic official seal started on 7st uharram- = A%A
_ Seal of 'rophet was made of Sil&er%
_ Dhat was written on the Aoly 'rophet .SAD/ sealK
Allah "asool uhammad
_ 'rophet performed 7.in78 A%A/ Aa,, and 6.in= A%A/ umras%
)A.
_ Chan*e of Qibla occurred on 7L Shaban-G A%A.onday/.durin*
ùhr/
_ Construction of as,id-e-Nab&i started "abiulawal- 7 A%A%
_ Nama4-e-Huma became 2ar4 in edina%
_ 2irst man to embrace !slam on the e&e of 2atah-e-a11a was Abu
Sufyan%
_ Second woman to embrace !slam Lababa bint Aaris .ch1 0mmay
Aiman/ .ch1 Nafeesa/
_ 2irst to mi*rate to adina .first muha,ir/ Abu Salam%
_ Last to mi*rate to adina was Abbas%
_ 2irst non-arab to embrace !slam 2arwah bin 0mro
_ 2acsimile of the 'rophet usVab bin 0mair%
_ $alsoom bin al;Aadam *a&e land for Quba mosque
_ The title of ammenul ummat is of Abu 0baidah bin Harrah%.conqurer
of @amascus/
_ 'rophet offered con*re*ational prayer in $aaba in 5th Nab&i%
_ The day when 'rophet deli&ered his last $hutab was Huma%
_ !dols in $aba before !slam numbered >58%
_ The lar*est idol named Aabal%
_ 'rophet preached !slam openly in 6th Nab&i%
_ 9ear of deputation was Nth%
_ #ilal called first aa4an of 2a,r prayer%
_ The Aadith- which is transmitted with continuity and en,oys such
abundance of narrators that their statement becomes authentic- is
called atwatar%
_ The *ra&e of the 'rophet was prepared by Aa4rat Abu Talha
_ Qasim was first of the Aoly 'rophet)s children to be born%
_ The first Nama4-e-Hana4ah performed by "asoolullah was that of
Asad bin àraara .radi Allahu anhu/%
_ The first Namaa4 to be made 2ardh was Taha,,ud Namaa4- which
was later made Nafil%
_ At as,id-e-Nab&i first uslim 0ni&ersity was established%
_ Aoly prophet labored in the formation of as,id-e-Quba%
_ as,id-e-àra was built by Ayporcrites at adina%
_ Nab&i osque constructed in 7 A%A "abi-ul Awwal%
_ GL @oors are in as,id Ze-Aaram- the most important door of $aaba
is #abul Salam%
_ Qibla chan*e order came in osque ùl Qiblatain
_ The fla* colour of the Aoly 'rophet was white and yellow at the time
of conquest of a11ah%
)A1
_ 2riday is 1nown as Sayeed 0l Ayam%
_ Shab-e-#arat is celebrated on the 7Lth ni*ht of Shuban%
_ G5th ni*ht of "a,ab is the ni*ht of Accession%
_ !n GL5 !mam #u1hari died%
_ 5 Lac Ahadith collected by !mam #u1hari%
_ The camel dri&er of 'rophet at the fall of ecca was 0sama bin
àid bin Aaris%
_ 'rophet issued order of 1illin* Abdul 04a bin $hatal at the fall of
ecca%
_ At $oh-e-Safa- 'rophet addressed after conquest of a11ah%
4/22"&$
_ 2irst Cha4wa is Diddan or Abwa in 7 A%A
_ 5G6 #attle of #adr%Ghi,
_ 5GL #attle of 0had% >hi,
_ 5G5 #attle of "a,ih%6hi,
_ 5G= #attle of $handaq .Ah4ab/%Lhi,
_ 5GS- Treaty of Audaibiya- Aa4rat $halid bin Dalid Accepted !slam-
Conquest of $hyber%5hi,
_ 5GN- #attle of utah- 'reachin* of !slam to &arious 1in*s%=hi,
_ 5>8- #attle of Aunain- Conquest of a11ah%Shi,
_ 5>7- #attle of Tabu1% Nhi,
_ 5>G- Aa,,at-ul-Dida%78hi,
_ 5S8- Tra*edy of $arballah%57hi,
_ #adr is a &illa*e%
_ #attle of #ard was fou*ht on 7=th "am4an%
_ #attle of 0hd was fou*ht on Lth Shawal%
_ #attle #adar Cha4wa is named as 2urqan%
_ 0hd is a hill%
_ 9om-ul 2uraqn is called to 9om ul #adar%
_ 2ath obeen is called to Sulah Audaibiah%
_ Number of soldiers in #adar- uslim >7> $ufar 7888
_ After #adr conquest- 'rophet stayed for > days there%
_ #adr was fou*ht for > times%
_ artyr of #adr uslims 76 $ufar =8
_ Leader of the $ufar in this battle was Abu Hahl%
_ Number of uslim martyrs in the battle of 0had =8
_ !n 0had quraish were laid by Abu Sufwan%
)A)
_ !n 0had number of uslim soldiers 7888 1ufar >888%
_ Ah4ab means Allies%
_ @itch du* on border of Syria with help of >888 companions in G
wee1s%
_ uslim stren*th 7588%
_ $hyber was captured in G8 days%
_ @urin* Cha4wa #ani Nu4air wine was prohibited%
_ The battle of $handaq is also 1nown an battle of Ah4ab%
_ Conquest of a11ah was too1 place on G8 "am4an%
_ #attle in which prophet not participated is 1nown as Saria%
_ Aa4rat Aam4a was the first commander of !slamic Army%
_ !n 0hd battle uslim women participated firstly%
_ #attle of auta was the first non Arab Dar%
_ >888 was the number of musims at the battle of @itch%
_ 78-888 at the conquest of a11ah%
_ >8-888 at the time of Tabu1%
_ Last Cha4wa- Tabu1%
_ 2or G8 days 'rophet stayed at Tabu1%
_ Total number of Sarias is L> or L5%
_ 'orphet was the commander in the e+pedition of Tabu1%
_ 2irst !slamic Non Arab was battle of autta S% A%A%%
_ The person 1illed by the Aoly 'rophet was 0bay #in $alf%
_ !n #attle of 0had- the teeth of Aoly 'rophet were martyred%
_ $halid bin Dalid was titled Saif-ul-Allah in battle oata%
_ Abu Hahal was 1illed in #attle of #adr by aa4 .add/
_ !n Audabiya Sohail bin Amru represented Quraysh%
_ #attle of Aunain fou*ht b(w uslims and Aawa4in Tribe%
_ #atttle of Tabu1 was a*ainst the "oman ?mperor Aeraclius%
_ The first Shaheed .artyr/ was Amaar bin 9aasir
_ 2irst female martyr: Summaya .mother of Amaar bin 9aasir/
_ The first person to be martyred in the #attle of #adr was the freed
sla&e of Aa4rat 0mar : uha,V,ah
_ $halid bin Dalid was remo&ed from the ser&ice in the rei*n of
Aa4rat 0mar 2arooq ."A/% Ae was remo&ed in 7= A%A%
_ #attle of chains was fou*ht b(w 'ersians and the uslims%
_ 0mar bin Abdual A4i4 is considered as the Lth $halifa%
_ Abdul ali1 was the poet ruler of 0mmaya%
_ $arballa too1 place on 78th uharram 57 A%A( 5S8 A%@
_ Salahuddin Ayubi was of Abbasid dynasty%
_ Aala1u $han came to power after Abbasids%
)A/
_ Al Qanun was written by !bn-i-Sina%
_ !bn $huldun is called founder of sociolo*y%
_ Tahafut-al-2alasifah was written by Al-$ha4ali%
_ Aala1u $han sac1ed #a*hdad in 7GLS A%@%
_ Al Shifa a boo1 on philosophy was written by !bn Sina%
_ prophet stayed at a11ah for L> years M in edina 78 years
_ ubha: an act which brin*s neither blessin*s nor punishment%
_ Na&al Commander of !slam- Abu Qays under Aa4rat 0sman
_ #attle of Camel was fou*ht b(w Ali and Aa4rat Aysha%
_ Aa4rat $halid bin Dalid accepted !slam in Sth A%A%
_ Aa4rat Ali established #ait-ul-aal%
_ @urin* the caliphate of 0mar ."A/ !ran was conquered%
_ Abu Aurairah has reported lar*est number of Ahadith%
_ as,id Al Aqsa is the first osque e&er built on the earth%
_ Sindh was conquered durin* the rei*n of Dalid 7%
_ $hara,it is the earliest sect of !slam%
_ #attle of 9ermu1 was fou*ht in 5>6 A%@%:
_ $hyber conquest made in =th Ai,ra .5GS A%@/
_ The Cha4wa in which the Aoly 'rophet 'buh missed four prayers
was Cha4wa $handaq%
_ 2irst woman martyr Samiya by Abu Hahl%
_ 2irst man martyr Aaris bin Abi Aala%
_ Hihad means to stri&e hard%
_ Hihad made obli*atory in Gnd A%A%
_ The battle was forbidden in Arabs in the month of uharam%
_ Cha4wa #adr is named as 2urqan%
_ Ohad is located near adina%
_ Ohad is > miles from adina%
_ Abdullah bin 0bai accompanied with >88 men%
_ L8 archers were posted to protect the pass in Ohad mountain%
_ 0mmay Aa1eem was *rand dau*hter of Abu Hehl%
_ #anu Nu4air tribe settled in $hyber after e+pelled from adina%
_ 'rophet du* a trench alon* the border of Syria%
_ >888 men du* the ditch%
_ !n battle of Ah4ab a piercin* blast of cold wind blew%
_ $hyber is located near adina at G88 1m distance%
_ The centre of Hewish population in Arabia was $hyber%
_ A*ainst $hyber muslim army was 7588 men stron*%
_ $hyber was captured in G8 days%
_ $hyber is located near the border of Syria%
)A5
_ oata was situated in Syria%
_ Army of >888 men was sent to oata under àid bin Aaris%
_ After the death of àid bin Aaris Aa4rat Haafiar was made the army
leader at oata%
_ 0nder $halidVs leadership- battle of oata was won%
_ #attle of oata too1 place in S Ai,ra%
_ Tribe of $hu4a ,oined uslims after Treaty of Audaibia%
_ #attle of Aunain fou*ht in S Ai,ra%
_ uslim army for Aunain was 76 thousand%
_ Sie*e of Taif was laid in N A%A%
_ Taboo1 e+pedition too1 place in N A%A%
_ !n N A%A there was famine in Ai,a4%
_ !n N A%A there was scarcity of water in adina%
_ !n Quran Taboo1 e+pedition is called e+pedition of straitness%
_ Conquest of a11ah is called Aam-ul-2atah%
_ Cha4wa-e-Taboo1 was fou*ht in N A%A%
_ Aa4rat Abbas was made prisoner of war in #adr%
_ Abu Hehl was 1illed by a-oo4 and a-aa4%
_ The leader of teer-anda4 at Habale-e-9ahnene in the battle of Ohad
was Abdullah bin Habeer%
_ Comander of infidels in Ohad was Abu Sufyan%
_ #attle of Taboo1 came to an end without any result%
_ G wee1s were spent to di* the ditch%
_ !n a battle of Trench Aa4rat Safia 1illed a ,ew%
_ Qamoos temple was conquered by Ali durin* $hyber war%
_ 2or battle of Taboo1- Abu #a1r donated all his belon*in*s%
_ !n the battle of @itch- the wrestler named 0maro bin Abad-e-Dad
was 1illed by Ali%
_ !n Aunain uslims were in ma,ority than to their enemy:
_ Aa4rat Haafar was martyred in oata war%
_ !n Taboo1 *ha4wa muslims returned without a fi*ht%
_ Ca4wa Diddan was fou*ht in the month of ìl-Aa,, 7 A%A%
_ !n Aunain battle 'rophet was left alone%
_ The participants of #attle of #adar were bestowed with hi*hest
reward by Allah%
_ !n #adr martyrs were uha,irs<5 M Ansars<S%
_ !n the battle of Taaif- catapult was used first time by uslims%
_ A*ainst the Syrian tribe the battle of Al-Chaba was wa*ed%
_ 2irst Sariya 0baidah bin Aaris was fou*ht at "aba1h in 7 A%A%
)A5
_ Last Sariya Aa4rat Saad bin Abi Daqqas was fou*ht at Syria in 77
A%A%
*/GG
_ Aa,, means to intend%
_ Aa,, made compulsory in N A%A%
_ 2irst Aa,, offered in N A%A%
_ Aa,, ordained in Surah #a1r%
_ The holy prophet performed only 7 Aa,, in 78th A%A%
_ There are > types of Aa,,%
_ One tawaf of $aaba is 1nown as Shoot%
_ Tawaf be*ins from Shoot%
_ Number of Hamarat is >%
_ osque located in ina is $heef%
_ At ee1at- Au,,a, assume the state of !hram%
_ $alima Tauheed is recited durin* Aa,,%
_ At ina the ritual of offerin* sacrifice is performed
_ Hamart-throwin* of pebbles- it is performed on 78th- 77th- 7Gth and
7>th of ùl Aa,,%
_ a*hrib and !sha both prayers are offered to*ether at u4dalifa on
Nth ìl Aa,,%
_ 9ome-Afra is called to Aa,, day%
_ Name of the place where the pil*rims *o from Arafat: u4dalfa%
_ 2irst structure of $aaba was built by Adam%
_ !brahim M !smail rebuilt $aaba 6L88 years a*o%
_ 9um-e-Nahar is called to the @ay of Sacrifice%
_ 9um e Arafat is Nth ùl Aa,,%
_ One 1hutba is recited durin* Aa,,%
_ Al-!marn is the surah in which Aa,, is commanded%
_ Aoly prophet sacrificed 5> camels durin* ha,,%
_ Adam and Aa4rat Aawa performed the first e&er Aa,,%
_ "unnin* b(w Safa M arwa se&en times is called Sayee%
_ ost important step of Aa,, after assumin* Ahram is Duquf%
_ Daqoof-e-Arfah is the "u1n-e-A4am of Aa,,
_ Dith the performance of "ami on the 78th ìl-Aa,,- the most of the
bindin*s of Aa,, on the pil*rim are released%
_ Three upri*ht stones are called Hamarat%
)A@
_ After Daquf the most important step is Tawaf%
_ !n Aa,, there are three obli*ations .2ar4/%
_ 0mrah can be performed at any time throu*hout the year e+cept Nth
to 77th ìl-Aa,,%
_ Au,,a, stat at ina for one day- the second day at Arafat and the
final day- encampment is done for a ni*ht at u4dalfah- it is called
Duquf%
_ Dho said that Aa,, is *reatest of all worships:!mam ali1%
_ Aow many undesirable acts of !hraam are there: si+%
_ Aow many permitted acts of !hraam are there:2our%
_ 'rohibitions and restructions of !hram are S%
_ The first and the foremost 2ar4 of Aa,, and 0mrah is !hram%
_ The first and inner most circle around $aVba is as,id-e-Aaram%
_ The second circle around $aba is a11ah u1aramah%
_ The third circle around $aba is Aaram%
_ Dho firsly fi+ed boundaries of Aaram- the third circle around $aaba:
Adam%
_ The fourth cirle around $aba is owaqeet%
_ The place where no one can ad&ance without puttin* on !hram is
owaqeet%
_ Two thousand years before the creation of Adam- $aba was
constructed%
_ An*els built $aba firstly in the uni&erse%
_ @urin* the NoahVs time $aaba disappeared due to flood%
_ The *ate which is the best for the pil*rims to enter in $aba is #ab-e-
Salam%
_ Aa,r-e-Aswad means blac1 stone%
_ Actual color of Aa,r-e-Aswad was white%
_ The small piece of land b(w1 "u1n-e-!slam and "u1n-e-9amani is
called Aateem%
_ The place where offerin* prayer is ,ust li1e offerin* prayer inside
$aba is Aateem%
_ There are fi&e types of Tawaf%
_ Aa,,i *o to Al-ulta4im after completin* the se&en rounds%
_ Al-ulta4im means the place of holdin*%
_ The portion of the wall of $aba which is b(w its door and Aa,r-e-
Aswad is called al-ulta4im%
_ Sayee is commenced from Safa and ends at arwa%
_ After performin* SayVee Au,,a, *o to ina%
_ u4dalfa is a plain%
)AA
_ u4dalfa is located b(w ina M Arafat%
_ u4dalfa is located si+ miles from a11ah%
_ 2rom ina u4dalfa is three miles away%
_ u4dalfa is called Sacred onument in Quran%
_ At u4dalfa a*hrib M !sha prayers are offered to*ether%
_ 'ebbles are collected from u4dalfa%
_ Hamarat which is nearest to a11ah is called Hamarat-ul-0qba%
_ Smallest Hamarat is Hamarat-al-Su*hra%
_ "ami is held at ina%
_ Talbiah is stopped after "ami%
_ Afrad- QarVran and Tamatae are the types of Aa,,%
_ @hulhulaifah is the eeqat for the people of 'a1istan%
_ @hulhulaifah is a point si+ mile from adina%
6/$2I>K
_ 2ast means to stop%
_ 2astin* made obli*atory in Gnd A%A%
_ 2astin* is commanded in al-#a1arah%
_ 2eed 58 people is the atonement for brea1in* the fast or si+ty
sontinuous fasts%%
_ #ab-ul-"iayn is the door for fast obser&in* people%
_ Tarrawih means to rest%
_ #attle of #adr was fou*ht in &ery first of "am4an on 7=th%
_ 0mar arran*ed the Nama4-e-Tarrawih%
_ onth of "am4an is 1nown as Sayeed us Shahoor%
_ 2i&e days are forbidden for fastin* throu*hout the year%
_ Da,ib means ordained%
_ 7st Ashra of "am4an<Ashra-e-"ehmat%
_ Gnd Ashra<Ashra-e-a*hfirat%
_ >rd Ashra<Ashra-e-Ni,at%
P/O/2
_ à1at means to purify%
_ à1at was made obli*atory in G% A%A%
_ =-7(G is the nasab of *old and LG-7(G tolas for sil&er%
_ !n,unction of utili4ation of 4a1at is in Surah-al Tauba%
)AF
_ Number of heads for distribution of 4a1at are S%
_ à1at mentioned alon* with Nama4 in the Quran GG times%
_ L Camels- 68 *oats- > cows and buffaloes is nisab for 4a1at%
_ 7(78 is the nisab of irri*ated produce%
_ à1at is treasure of !slamB it is the sayin* of holy prophet%
_ 0sher means 7(78%
_ $hums means 7(L%
_ Dord à1at occurs in Quran for >G times%
_ !n Gnd A%A the rate and method of distribution of à1at was
determined at adina%
_ $hara, is spoils of war%
_ 2ay is income from town lands%
_ à1at on produce of mines is 7(Lth%
_ 0shr on artificially irri*ated land is 7(G8th%
_ Al-Charmain means debtors%
_ There are two types of 4a1at%
>/A/P
_ 6S total numbers of "a1ats are in 2ar4 prayer%
_ Nama4-e-$hasoof is offered for oon ?clipse%
_ Nama4-e-$asoof is offered for Solar ?clipse%
_ Nama4-e-!stasqa is offered for "ain%
_ Aoly 'rophet offered Humma 'rayer in 7% A%A%
_ Nama4-e-!stasqa is offered with bac1side of hands upward%
_ Aoly prophet offered first ?id 'rayer in G% A%A%
_ ?id Nama4 is Da,ib%
_ adura1 is the person who starts prayer with !mmam%
_ usbaq is the person who comes after one ra1at%
_ 2a,ar and !sha were essential in the early period of !slam%
_ Taha,ud mean abandon sleep%
_ Qaada is to sit strai*ht in Salat%
_ Hasla is short pause between two sa,das%
_ Qaumaa is standin* strai*ht durin* "u1us%
_ A person who performs prayer alone is unfarid%
_ 2ar4 in wu4u<6- Sunats<76%
_ 2ar4 in Chusual<>- Sunats<L
_ Types of Sunnah prayer are of two types%
_ !n 2a,r- a*hrib M witr no cha*e in far4 ra1aat in case of Qasr%
_ Ta1beer-e-Tashreeq is recited in ?id-ul-04ha%
)AG
_ Humma prayer is 2ar4 salat%
_ Conditions of Salat are Se&en%
_ ta1beer-e-Tehreema are to be said in the salat: one%
_ Hasla is wa,ib%
_ To sit strai*ht in Salat is called QaVada%
_ QaVada is far4%
_ Two persons are required for a Hamat prayer%
_ Salat Huma became 2ar4 in adina%
_ 2i&e salat made compulsory in 78th Nab&i%
I$"/A
_ !stalam is 1issin* of Aa,r Aswad%
_ !slam has G ma,or sects%
_ There are L fundaments of !slam%
_ G types of faith%
_ L Articles of faith%
_ Tehlil means the recitation of $alima%
_ @een-e-Aanif is an old name of !slam%
_ 2irst institution of !slam is Suffah%
_ Aaq ahar in !slam is fi+ed only 688 misqal%
_ !,ma means a*ein* upon any sub,ect%
_ Qayas means reasonin* by analo*y%
_ There are four schools of thou*ht of !slamic Law%
_ Hanatul #a1i is situated in adina%
_ as,id-e-Aanif is located in ina%
_ HANAT 0L OALA is a *ra&eyard in ?CCA%
_ Qa4af: false accusation of adultery punishable with S8 lashes%
_ Lyla-tul-#arrah means the Ni*ht of 2or*i&eness%
_ $aram-un-$atibin means !llustrious writers%
_ Oldest mosque on earth is $aabatullah%
_ 7st $alima<Tayyab- Gnd <Shahadat- >rd <Tam,eed- 6th <Tauheed-
Lth <Asta*hfar- 5th <"ad-e
$ufar
_ Qiblah means anythin* in front%
_ Saabi is one who chan*es his reli*ion%
_ Sidrat-ul-antaha means last tree of the ?ternity%
_ Haabi is one who collects à1at%
_ 2irst collection of Ahadith is Sahifah-e-Saadiqa%
_ Sayin* of 'rophet are called Dahi Chair atlloo%
)F.
_ !n iman-e-ufassal essential beliefs are = in number%
_ The most e+alted an*els are four%
_ Createst an*el as per !slam is HibraVeel%
_ ?ach human bein* is attended permanently by two an*els%
_ #ar4a1h: time period between death and @ay of Hud*ment%
_ Another name of surah Ali-!sra is bani !srael%
/lH%uran /
_ $alima Tayyaiba is mentioned in Quran for G times%
_ The word Quran means Wread oneX%
_ 776 total number of Surah
_ Surah means city of "efu*e%
_ S5 a11i Surah%
_ GS adine Surah%
_ LLS "u1us%
_ Al-#aqrah is the lon*est Surah%
_ Al- $ausar is the shortest Surah%
_ Al-Nass is the last surah%
_ 76 bows are in Quran%
_ 2irst bow occurs in Nth 'ara i%e Al-!naam Surah%
_ Al-2aitha is the preface of the holy Quran%
_ 2i&e &erses were re&eled in the first wahy%
_ Nama4 commanded in quran for =88 times%
_ Al-!marn is the surah in which Aa,, is commanded%
_ Al-udassar-Gnd "e&ealed Surah%
_ Al-u4ammil- >rd "e&ealed Surah%
_ Al-Tauba does not start with #ismillah%
_ Al-Namal contains two #ismillahs%
_ Three surah starts with curse%
_ 5555 is the number of Ayats%
_ GN total number of u1ataVt%
_ Aa4rat 0sman was the first Aafi4 of the Aoly Quran%
_ Aa4rat $halid #in Saeed- the first writer of Dahy%
_ Cap between first wahy and second wahy was 5 months%
_ 7G Cha4awahs described in Aoly Quran%
)F1
_ Abdullah !bn Abbas- the first commentator of the Quran and also
1nown as interpreter of the Quaran%
_ !n surah Al-Saf- Aoy prophet is addressed as Ahmed%
_ Char-e-Sor is mentioned in Surah Al-Tauba%
_ 6 Surhas start with Qul% .ch1d/
_ Aa4rat 0mar proposed the compilation of Aoly Quran%
_ Al- Nasr is 1nown as Surah Didah%
_ 2irst annulled order of holy quran was the transfer of Qibla%
_ The word !slam occurs 5 times in the Quran%
_ Abdul ali1 arwan applied the dots in the Aoly Quran%
_ Aa,,a, bin yousuf applied diacritical points in Quaran%
_ S Siparas starts with #ismillah%
_ >= total number of surah in last parah%
_ Al- #aqrah and Surah Al-Nissa is spread o&er > 'arahs%
_ Al-2alq and Al-Nas re&ealed at the same time%
_ > Surah stats with W9a AyananabiyauX%
_ City of "ome is mentioned in Aoly Quran%
_ Surah 9aseen is 1nown as Aeart of Quran%
_ Suran "ehman is 1nown as beauty of Quran%
_ Tafseer !bn $aseer was written by Aafi4 !smaeed #in 0mar-!mam
0d @in%
_ 2irst re&ealed surah was Al Alaq- N5 in arran*ement
_ Complete re&elation in G> years%
_ Sub,ect of Aoly Quran is an%
_ Last Surah re&eled in Al-Nasr%
_ "isalat means to con&ey messa*e%
_ GL prophets mentioned in holy Quran%
_ Aoly Quran consist 78L5S6 words and >G>5=88 letters%
_ Lon*est Ayat of Aoly Quran is Ayatul $ursi%
_ 5 Surah start with the name of prophets%
_ Surah maryam wholly re&ealed for a woman%
_ !n #ani !sraeel and Al-Na,af the e&ent of ira, is e+plained%
_ Last re&elation descended on >rd "abi-ul Awal and it was written by
Abi- #in $ab% .ch1/
_ Lan*ua*e of @i&ine #oo1s%
_ Taurat Aebrew
_ !n,il Siriac
_ ùbur Siriac
_ Aoly Quran Arabic%
_ Taurat was the first re&ealed boo1%
)F)
_ Aoly Quran was re&eled in GGy Lm 76 days%
_ There are = sta*es in Aoly Quran%
_ Abdullah !bn Abbas is called as leader of commentators%
_ Apollo 7L placed the copy of the Aoly Quran on the moon%
_ Tar,ama-ul-Quaran is written by Abdul-$alam A4ad%
_ Theodore #ailey in 776> translated Aoly Quran in Latin- for the first
time%
_ 2irst uslim interpreter of Quran in ?n*lish is $halifa Abdul
Aa1eem%
_ Shah Daliullah Translated Aoly Quran in 'ersian and Shah
"afiuddin in 0rdu in 7==5%
_ Aafi4 La1h&i translated Aoly Quran in 'un,abi%
_ "oss translated the Aoly Quran in to ?n*lish%
_ Surah Alaq was re&ealed on 7Sth "am4an%.contradictory/
_ Number of Aayats in al-#a1ar is GS5%
_ Lon*est a11i Surah is Aaraf%
_ Second lon*est Surah is Ashrah(Al-!mran%
_ Surah $ausar has > Aayats%
_ 2irst Surah compilation wise is Surah 2atiha%
_ 2atiha means openin*%
_ 2atiha contains = aayats%
_ 2atiha is also called 0mmul $itab%
_ 2irst surah re&ealed in adina was surah 2atiha%
_ Surah 2atiha re&ealed twice-in a11ah M adina%
_ An*les mentioned in Quran are=%
_ eanin* of Aayat is Si*n%
_ eanin* of Aadith is to ta1e%
_ Stone mentioned in Quran is ruby .9aa1ut/%
_ 2irst Sa,da occurs in Nth 'ara- Al-!naam Surah%
_ Lon*est Surah .al-#a1r/ co&ers 7(7Gth of Quran%
_ adni Surahs are *enerally lon*er%
_ adni Surahs consist of7(>rd of Quran%
_ a11i Surahs consist ofG(>rd of Quran%
_ Surah !1hlas is 77G Surah of Quran%
_ 2irst complete adni Surah is #aqarah%
_ Names of Quran mentioned in Quran is LL%
_ Surahs named after animals are 6 in number%
_ Namal means Ant%
_ Surah !naam means Camel%
_ Surah Nahl means Aoney bee%
)F/
_ Surah An1aboot means spider%
_ The ma,or part of Quran is re&ealed at ni*ht time%
_ Cenerally aayats of Sa,ida occur in a11i Surahs%
_ 78 &irtues are blessed for recitation of one word of Quran%
_ Surah Anfal means Ca&e%
_ !n Naml two bismillah occur .Gnds one is at aayat no:>8/
_ Surah $ahf means the ca&e%
_ u4ammil means Drapped in *arments%
_ $ausar means Abundance%
_ Nasr means Aelp%
Al-Quran #
_ !1hlas means 'urity of faith%
_ 2ala1 means @awn%
_ 0n-Nass means an1ind%
_ Al-alq means Clot of blood%
_ Alm Nashrah means ?+pansion%
_ 04-4u1hruf means Ornaments%
_ Surah "ahman is in G=th 'ara%
_ #ride of Quran is "ahman Surah%
_ Surah 9asin is in GGnd and G>rd 'ara%
_ 'resent shape of quran is Taufeeqi%
_ Quran is the *reatest miracle of 'rophet%
_ Dord surah has occurred in Quran N times%
_ 2irst se&en aayats of quran are called Tawwal%
_ The alphabet Alf comes most of times and Alf- ùwad Alphabet
comes least number of times%
_ Quran is written in 'rose M 'oetry%
_ Quran is also re*arded as a manual of Science%
_ Surah Alq is both a11i and adni%
_ Name of uhammad is mentioned in Quran for 6 times%
_ Adam is mentioned in Surah Aaraf%
_ first Sindhi translation of Quran by Aa1hund A4i4ullah Aalai
_ Torat means li*ht%
_ àboor means 'ieces( #oo1 written in bi* letters%
_ !n,eel means Cood news%
_ NN number of aayats describe $hatam-e- Nabuwat%
_ Command a*ainst Hu&a M amputation of hands came Sth A%A
_ Laws about orphana*e re&ealed in > A%A%
)F5
_ Laws about ìna re&ealed in L A%A%
_ Laws about inheritance re&ealed in > A%A%
_ !n 6th A%A wine was prohibited%
_ The order of Ai,ab for women re&eled in 6th A%A%
_ Ablution made obli*atory in Lth A%A%
_ !n Surah Al-Nisa the commandment of Du4u is present%
_ 'rocedure of ablution is present in Surah aidah%
_ !n 6 A%A Tayammum was *ranted%
_ !nterest was prohibited in Sth A%A%
_ The order of Ai,iab re&eled in Sth Ai,rah% .ch1/
_ @urin* *ha4wa #anu ustaliq the command of tayamum was
re&eled%
_ Quran recited in edina firstly in the mosque Nabu4deeq%
_ Quran &erse abro*atin* a pre&ious order is called Naasi1h%
_ 2irst man to recite Quran in a11ah: Abdullah bin asood%
_ 2orms of re&elation *ranted to 'rophet were > .wahi-$ashf-dream/
_ 2irst method of re&elation of Quran Dahi%
_ $ashf means Eision%
_ !nitially Quran was preser&ed in memory form%
_ After 0marVs death- copy of quran was passed on to Aafsa%
_ Only Sahabi mentioned in Quran àid bin Aaris%.surah ah4ab/
_ 'aradise is mentioned in Quran for7L8 times%
_ Section of 'aradise in which 'rophets will dwell ahmood%
_ @oors of Aell are =%
_ Subterranean part of hell is Aawia%
_ Number of an*les of hell 7N%
_ Cate-1eeper of hell ali1%
_ Cate-1eeper of hea&en "i4wan%
_ 'lace of hea&en at which people whose *ood deeds equal bad
deeds will be 1ept in Aaraf%
_ A tree in hell emer*in* from its base is à1oon%
_ Name of the mountain of hell is Saud%
_ Aea&en on earth was built by Shadad%
_ The word !slam has been used at NG places in the holy quran%
_ 2irst re&elation written by $halid bin Saeed
_ Last wahi written by Abi !bn $aaf%
_ Last wahi came on>rd "abiul Awal 77 A%@
_ !n 7Lth 'ara the e&ent of ira, is mentioned%
_ ?+cept the name of aryam the name of no other woman has come
e+plicitly in the Quran%
)F5
_ !blees will not be punished with fire but with cold%
_ !bleesVs refusal to prostrate before man is mentioned in $uran for N
times%
_ !blees means Wdisappointed oneX%
_ Al-$ausar relates to death of Qasim and Aa4rat Abdullah
_ Hibrail came G6 888 times into the court of the 'rophet%
_ Quran has been translated into fifty lan*ua*es to date%
_ !f a woman marries the second time- she will be in Hannah with the
second husband% .Aadith/
_ The ?arth and the Aea&en were created by Allah in 5 days- it is
described in Surah 9unus%
_ àid bin Thabit collected the Quran in the form of #oo1%
_ Tar,umanul Quran Abdullah bin Abbas%
_ !n Surah u44amil &erse => readin* quran slowly and clearly is
ordained%
_ 6 osque mentioned in Aoly Quran%
_ Hibraeel is referred in Quran as Ar-rooh%
_ !n Quran "ooh-al-Qudus is Hibrael it means holy spirit%
_ !n Quran "ooh-al-Ameen is Hibrael%
_ !nchar*e of 'ro&isions is e1aeel%
_ The an*el who was sent to 'rophets as a helper a*ainst enemies of
Allah was Hibraeel%
_ The An*el who sometimes carried AllahVs punishment for Ais
disobedients was Hibraeel%
_ Hibrael is mentioned in Quran for three times%
_ Old Testament is the Torait%
_ New Testament is !n,eel%
_ 'salms is ùboor%
_ Cospal is !n,eel%
_ 'rophet is called 2arqaleet in !n,eel%
_ Taharat-e-Su*hra is Du4u%
_ There are two types of 2ar4%
_ Saloos-ul-Quran is Surah !1hlas%
_ Aroos-ul-Quran i%e bride of Quran is Al-"ehman%
_ eanin* of #aqarah: The Coat
_ !n Surah Daqiya the word Al-Quran ul Aa1eem is used%
_ 2irst Dahi was re&ealed on 7= "am4an%
_ Two Surahs are named with one letter headin*%
_ Surah #aqara M Ale !mran are 1nown as ùhra&een%
_ Dine is termed in Quran as $humar%
)F@
_ The first authority for the compilation of Ahadis is %
_ Sahih #u1hari contains =>N= ahadis%
'"O'A?TS O2 !SLA
_ Adam was created on Huma day%
_ Adam landed in Sri Lan1a on AdamVs 'ea1 ountain%
_ Adam is a word of Syriani lan*ua*e%
_ Adam had G dau*hters%
_ $abeel 1illed Aabeel because he wanted to marry A1leema%
_ The first person to be put into Aell will be Qaabil%
_ Adam had > sons%
_ Shees was youn*est son of Adam%
_ A*e of Adam at SheeshVs birth was 7>8 years%
_ Adam wal1ed from !ndia to a11ah and performed forty Aa,,%
_ Adam 1new 788 888 lan*ua*es% ."oohul #ayaan/
_ Abul #asher is called to Aa4rat Adam%
_ Aa4rat Adam built first mosque on earth%
_ Aei*ht of Adam was N8 feet%
_ A*e of Adam at the time of his death NL8 years%
_ Aa4rat AdamVs *ra&e is in Saudi Arabia%
_ Second prophet is Sheesh%
_ Sheesh passed away at the a*e of N7G years%
_ Noah *ot prophethood at the a*e of 68
_ NoahVs ar1 was 688 + 788 yards area%
_ Ar1 of Noah stopped at Hudi ountain .Tur1ey/%
_ Noah preached for NL8 years%
_ Nation of Noah worshipped L idols%
_ Nation of Noah was e+terminated throu*h the flood%
_ 'i*eon was sent for the search of land by Aa4rat Nooh%
_ Noah was sent to !raq%
_ GG6G years after Adam- Toofan-e-Noah occurred%
_ About S8 people were with him in the boat%
_ @uration of storm of Noah was for 5 months%
_ Noah li&ed for NL8 years%
_ Nooh is called predecessor- Na,i 0llahB Shai1h ul Ambiya%
_ Abu ul #ashr Sani is title of Noah%
_ After toofan-e-nooh - the city establish was $hasran
)FA
_ !brahim was thrown into the fire by the order of Namrud%
_ Aa4rat !braheem intended to sacrifice !smaeel at ina%
_ !brahim was born at Amer near ?uphrate .!raq/
_ !braheem was firstly ordered to mi*rate to 'alestine%
_ 2irst wife of !braheem was Saarah%
_ Second wife of !braheem was Aaa,irah%
_ A4aab of mosquitoes was sent to the nation of !brahim
_ Abraham is called 1halilullah- father of prophets and !dol @estroyer%
_ A*e of Abraham at the time of his death 7=L years%
_ Cra&e of Abraham is in !srael%.Syria ch1 it/%
_ !brahim is buried at Aebron in Herusalem%
_ Abrahem in&ented comb%
_ Aa4rat Loot was contemporary of Aa4arat !braheem
_ Abraham remained in fire 68 days%
_ Terah or Aa4er was the father of !braheem%
_ Cra&e of Lut is in !raq%
_ Luut died at 'alestine and is buried at Aebron%
_ !braheem was the uncle of Luut%
_ Loot was maternal *randfather of Ayub%
_ Aa4art Loot was the first to mi*rate%
_ Luut resided at 0r near esopotamia%
_ Luut mi*rated to Sodom and Comorrah
_ !smaeel is called Abu-al-Arab%
_ other of !smaeel was Aaa,rah%
_ !shaaq built boundaries of as,id-e-Aqsaa%
_ !shaaq was sent to Hews%
_ At uqam-e-!braheem- there are imprints of !braheem%
_ !brahim was first person to circumcise himself and his son%
_ Sara wife of !brahim and mother of !shaq was sister of Loot%
_ Aa,ra the wife of !brahim was dau*hter of 'haroah of ?*ypt%
_ !brahim was S5 years old when !smael was born%
_ !brahim was ordered to mi*rate alon* with family to &alley of #atha
meanin* a11ah%
_ !brahim was sent to Hordan after lea&in* Aaa,rah and !smaeel
_ A*e of !braheem at the birth of !shaq was 788 years and of Saarah
was N8 years%
_ 2irst wife of !brahim resided at 'alestine%
_ !brahim intended to sacrifice !smaeel at ina on 78th ùl Aa,,%
_ As a result of sacrifice of !smael- !brahim was *ifted a baby from
Saarah named !shaq%
)FF
_ àm àm emer*ed from beneath the foot of Aa4rat !smaeel in the
&alley of #atha .a11ah/%
_ Aa4rat !smail disco&ered Aa,ar-e-Aswad%
_ !smaeel had 7L sons%
_ àbeeullah and Abu al Arab are called to Aa4rat !smaeel%
_ !smael di&orced his wife bein* discourteous%
_ Hibrael brou*ht sacred stone to !smael%
_ Ori*inal colour of the sacred stone was white%
_ Cabriel *a&e the news of !shaaq to !brahim%
_ !shaq married "ebecca%
_ Old name of a11ah was #atha%
_ Aa4rat !dress was e+pert in astronomy%
_ 04air became ali&e after remainin* dead for one hundred years%
_ Dhale Swallowed Aa4rat 9ounus .AS/%.ch1/
_ Aa4rat 9aqub has the title of !srael
_ 7 Lac G6 thousand- total number of prophets%
_ Aa4rat !drees was the first who learnt to write%
_ Aow many Sahifay were re&ealed to Aa4rat !drees .AS/K >8
_ 'rophet 9ahya A%S was sent to people of Hordan%
_ Aa4rat !drees .A%S/ set up 7S8 cities%
_ 'rophet !shaq A%S lost his eye si*ht in old a*e%
_ Aa4rat @awood could mould iron easily with his hand%
_ The e&ent of rin* is related to Aa4rat Sulaiman%
_ Aa4arat oosa.A%S/ had impediment in his ton*ue
_ oosa was *ranted N miracles%
_ usa crossed the "ed Sea%
_ The prophet mentioned in Quran for most of times is oosa%
_ Ten commandments were re&ealed on oosa%
_ oosa died on Abareem mountain%
_ Cra&e of usa is in !srael%
_ Teacher of oosa was Shoaib%
_ oosa was brou*ht up by Aasia #int o4ahim%
_ ?lder brother of oosa was Aaroon%
_ oosa had only one brother%
_ !n Toowa &alley oosa was *ranted prophethood%
_ An ?*yptian was 1illed by oosa%
_ Aaroon was an eloquent spea1er%
_ Aaroon is buried at Ohad%
_ Aaroon M usa both were prophets and contemporaries%
_ 'rophet Ayub suffered from S1in @isease%
)FG
_ Aa4rat Ayub was famous for his patience%
_ The miracle of @romedary .camel/ is concerned with Saleh
_ 6 prophets were sent to #ani !sraeel%
_ =GG lan*ua*es were understood by Aa4rat !drees%
_ Aa4rat Saleh in&ented Soap%
_ $alori: hill- from where !sa was lifted ali&e%
_ ì1raiya was carpenter%
_ Aar4at ì1raiya was cut with the Saw%
_ Adam M @awood are addressed as $halifa in Quran%
_ Sulaiman M @awood understood lan*ua*e of the birds%
_ The tree of date palm *rew on the earth for the first time%
_ At Aanif mosque at ina almost =8 prophets are buried%
_ 'rophets attached with the profession of wea&in* are Adam- !drees
M Shaeet%
_ Aa4rat younus was eaten by shar1 fish%
_ 9ounus prayed LA!LAA ANTA S0#AANA$ !N! $0NT0
!NAÀL!!N in the belly of fish%
_ Cra&e of @awood is in !srael%
_ 9ahyaVs tomb is in @amascus%
_ #ilal Aabshi is buried in @amascus%
_ 'rophet with melodious &oice @awood%
_ Ali&e prophets are !sa M $hi4r%
'"O'A?TS #
_ ùnoon .lord of fish/ M Sahibul Aoot : 9ounus%
_ The prophet whose people were last to suffer di&ine punishment
Saleh%
_ Suleiman died while standin* with the support of a stic1%
_ Ashab-e-$ahf slept for >8N years%
_ The number of Ashab-e-$ahf was =%
_ Saleh in&ented soap%
_ !drees was e+pert in astronomy%
_ 'rophet before uhammad was !saac%
_ Aa4rat ?ssa .A%S/ was carpenter by profession%
_ #esides ?ssa- 9ahya also *ot prophet hood in childhood%
_ #aitul Laham is the birth 'lace of Aa4rat ?ssa .AS/ is situated in
Herusalaem%
_ !sa would cure the &ictims of leprosy%
)G.
_ à1ria was contemporary of !sa%
_ !sa was the cousin of 9ahya%
_ "omans 1in*dom was established in 'alestine at ?saVs birth%
_ "omans were Atheists%
_ "uler of 'alestine at the birth of ?sa was Aerod%
_ aryum *rew up in the house of à1aiyya%
_ #esides ?sa - Adam was also a fatherless prophet%
_ ?sa born at #ethlehem%
_ ?sa was born in 6 #%C%
_ 9ahaya was the precursor of ?essa%
_ Contemporary of 9ahya was ?essa%
_ 9ahya is buried at Syria%
_ Our prophet has the title Aabibullah%
_ 'rophet @awood has the title Na,eeb 0llah%
_ 'rophet Hesus crist is called "ooh-ul-0llah%
_ Tur-e-Sina was the mountain where Aa4rat usa .AS/ recei&ed
AllahVs messa*e%
_ Aa4rat usa was $alimullah%
_ Science- astronomy- writin* with pen- sewin* and weapons were
made by !drees first of all%
_ >8 Sahifay was re&ealed to !drees%
_ Aad was the nation of Aood%
_ After se&en dayVs continuous rain and storm the nation of Aood
destroyed%
_ Nation of Samood was preached by Salih%
_ iracle of pre*nant female camel was sent to Samood%
_ > Sahifay were re&ealed to !brahim%
_ !srael was the son of !shaq%
_ !srael was 76= years old when !shaq died%
_ ountains would brea1 by the miracle of 9aqoob%
_ usa married the dau*hter of Shoaib%
_ @ue to à1riaVs prayer 9ahya was born%
_ 9ousuf remained in ,ail for 78 years%
_ 9ousuf and 9aqoob met each other after 68 years%
_ 9ousuf was the son of 9aqoob%
_ 9ousufVs family was called the !sraeelites%
_ "eal brother of 9ousuf was #in 9amen%
_ 9ousuf was sold as a sla&e in ?*ypt%
_ 9ousuf had 7G brothers%
_ 9ousuf was famous for his beauty M 1new facts of dreams%
)G1
_ other of 9ousuf was "achel%
_ 9aqoob lost his eye-si*ht in memory of 9ousuf%
_ Nation of Shoaib committed embe44lement in trusts%
_ Shoaib called Spea1er of the 'rophets%.$hateeb ul ambiya/
_ Shoaib *ot blinded for weepin* o&er destruction of his nation%
_ !lyas prayed for nation it rained after a period of >7G years%
_ 04air reassembled all copies of Taurait%
_ Taloot was the father-in-law of @awood%
_ @awood was *ood player of flute%
_ 2ountain of Copper flowed from Sulayman%
_ Doodpec1er con&eyed SulaymanVs messa*e to Saba queen%
_ 9ounus remained in fish for 68 days%
_ $in* Aerodus ordered the e+ecution of 9ahya%
_ 'olitus on "oman *o&ernorVs orders tried e+ecution of !sa%
_ @awood is called as Na,eeb 0llah%
_ !n quran ten commandments are named Awamir-i-Ashara%
_ Teacher of Aa1eem Lu1man was @awood%
_ 'rophets lifted ali&e !sa-!dreesM!lyas%
_ !drees was directed to mi*rate by Allah to ?*ypt%
_ !drees was the first man to learn to write%
_ !drees was ta1en ali&e to Aea&ens at the a*e of >5L 9%
_ Cnostics re*arded Sheesh as a di&ine emanation%
_ Cnostics means Sheesinas and inhabited ?*ypt%
_ !drees was sent to Cnostics%
_ !dol worship was forbidden by !dress to people%
_ !dress was special friend of one of the an*els%
_ !drees remained in 6th hea&en%
_ !dreess died in the win*s of the an*el%
_ 'i*eon was sent for the search of land by Noah%
_ Sam- Aam M "iyyafas were the children of Noah%
_ #ani Aad settled in 9emen%
_ Shaddad was famous 1in* of #ani Aad%
_ Clorious palace near Adan built by #ani Aad was 1nown as Carden
of !ram%
_ Shaddad 1in*dom was e+tended to !raq%
_ A &iolent storm was sent to #ani Aad%
_ Cra&e of Aood is at Aa4armoat%
_ Oman- 9emen M Aa4armoat are in Southern Arabia%
_ !n "a,ab- Arabs &isit the *ra&e of Aood%
_ #ani Samood li&ed in Dadi al-Qura M Dadi al-Aa,r%
)G)
_ Dadi al-Qura- Dadi al-Aa,r are in Syria M Ai,a4%
_ Eolcanic eruption was sent to #ani samood%
_ Contemporary of !brahim was Lut%
_ Aood was the uncle of !braheem%
_ A dreadful earthqua1e was sent to people of Luut%
_ Nati&e area of !braheem was esopotamia%
_ Surname of Terah was Aa4ar%
_ 2ather of 9aaqoob and ?sau was !shaq%
_ 2ather-in-law of Ayyoob was 9aqoob%
_ !shaq is buried in 'alestine%
_ A*e of !shaq when he was blessed with twins was 58 9%
_ 9unus was the twin brother of 9aaqoob%
_ 'rophet bestowed with 1in*ship of Allah: @awood%
_ @awood was a soldier of Talut%
_ @awood li&ed in #ait-ul-Lahm%
_ Talut was also 1nown as Saul%
_ @awood is buried at Herusalem%
_ 9oun*est son of @awood was Sulaymaan%
_ other of Sulayman was Saba%
_ Sulayman ascended the throne of Hoodia%
_ Sulaymaan was a *reat lo&er of horses%
_ The ruler of 9emen in the time of Sulayman was Saba%
_ Aud Aud informed Sulyman about the 1in*dom of 9emen%
_ Saba means #ilqees%
_ Dhose 1in*dom came under a famine in the times of !lyas: $in* of
Ahab%
_ !lyasVs nation worshipped idol namd Lal%
_ !lyas disappeared mysteriously%
_ Successor of !lyas was Al-ya-sah%
_ Cousin of Al-ya-Say who was prophet was !lyas%
_ 04air remained died for 788 years%
_ 2or 7S years Ayyoob suffered from s1in disease%
_ "eal name of ùll $ifl is !saih and $harqil bin Thauri%
_ 9unus died in Nine&eh%
_ 2ather of 9ahya was à1ariyya%
_ Trustee of Ae1al was à1iriyya%
_ à1ariya hid himself in the co&er of the tree and was cut into two
pieces by Hews%
_ aryum li&ed at Na4areth before ?saVs birth%
_ aryum mi*rated to ?*ypt after ?saVs birth%
)G/
_ Number of Aawarin of oosa was 7G%
_ Hews and "omans were worried about ?saVs influence%
_ 2irst prophet to demarcate as,id-e-Aqsaa was !shaaq%
_ @awoodVs real name was Abar%
_ Ahsan ul Qasas is the life history of ha4rat 9ousif%
_ Nebuchadne44er was ruler of #abylon- he founded Aan*in* *arden
which is one of the wonders of the world%
_ Qaidar was one of the sons of !smail who stayed at Ai,a4%
_ !drees used the first pen%
_ 2our Ambiyah are still physically ali&e they are ?sa and !drees in
the s1ies and $hidr and !lyaas are on the earth%
EI2/AI>$
Eitamin /
.2at-soluble/
,eficiency $ymptoms
ni*ht blindness
loss of smell
appetite loss
>atural $ources
Carrots- 2ish li&er oils- li&er- *reen leafy &e*etables %
Eitamin 48 @2hiaminB
water-soluble
,eficiency $ymptoms
beriberi
shortness of breath
numb hands(feet
>atural $ources
Dhole *rains- brewers yeast- wheat *erm- rice- seeds and mil1%
)G5
Eitamin 4- @+iboflavinB
water-soluble
,eficiency $ymptoms
cataracts
corner of mouth crac1s and sores
poor di*estion
>atural $ources
Li&er- cheese- fish- e**s- seeds- and coo1ed leafy &e*etables%
Eitamin ) @/scorbic /cidB
,eficiency $ymptoms
dental ca&ities
anemia
>atural $ources
"ose hips- citrus fruits- blac1 currants- tomatoes- sweet potatoes- and
*reen bell peppers%
Eitamin ,
.2at-soluble/
,eficiency $ymptoms
tooth decay
diarrhea
>atural $ources
2ortified mil1- e** yol1s- butter- fish li&er oils- sardines- salmon-
mushrooms- and sunflower seeds%
Eitamin &
)G5
.2at-soluble/
,eficiency $ymptoms
impotency
enlar*ed prostrate *land
>atural $ources
Dheat *erm- brussel sprouts- leafy *reens- &e*etable oils- and e**s%
Eitamin O @AenadioneB
.2at-soluble/
,eficiency $ymptoms
nose bleeds
>atural $ources
$elp- alfalfa- yo*urt- safflower oil- fish li&er oil- and leafy *reen
&e*etables%
_ @eficiency of &itamin A causes dryness of s1in and ni*ht blindness
_ S1in food is Eitamin C
_ Eitamin C is also called Ascorbic Acid it pre&ents scur&y
_ Eitamin C is also necessary for utili4ation of iron
_ The food which contains lar*est amount of Eitamin C is tomato
_ Cod li&er oil contains Eitamin @
_ Colla*en is the substance that *i&es elasticity to s1in
_ Eitamin ? promotes o+y*enation and acts as anti a*in*
_ Carbon dio+ide we release comes from food we eat
_ Eitamin #G has what other name "ibofla&in
_ 2ats are made of carbon- hydro*en and o+y*en
_ Eitamin ? is called anti-a*in* a*ent
_ Eitamin ? helps in fertility process
_ Eitamin # helps maintain normal appetite and *ood di*estion
_ 'rotein found in mil1 is Casein- in beans is Le*umes- in meat is
myosin and in e**s is albumin
_ Dater soluble &itamin are # and C and all other are fat soluble
_ Eitamin A is stored as ?ster in li&er
_ Eitamin A is found in carotene bearin* plants
_ Eitamin $ helps to form prothrobin .fibro *in/ one of the en4ymes
)G@
helpful in blood clottin*
_ Eitamin ? is necessary for iron utili4ationB normal reproducti&e
function% Eitamin ? is for reproduction%
_ Eitamin A is found in @airy products
_ @eficiency of Eitamin A causes Ni*ht blindness%
_ Too much presence of the 'otassium salt in human blood increase
the ris1 of heart attac1%
_ The lac1 of calcium in the diet causes what condition-"ic1ets
_ Celluloses are carbohydrates%
_ il1 contains lactose%
_ Eitamin C is a pre&entor of infectious disease
_ Eitamin C is also called S1in food
_ Eitamin C can easily be lost in coo1in* and food stora*e
_ Eitamin @ is essential for calcium metabolism%
_ Eitamin C hastens healin* of wounds
_ Eitamin capable of formation of blood is #7G
_ "iches source of Eitamin @ is code li&er oil
_ "iches source of Eitamin A is e**s
_ @eficiency of Calcium leads to ric1ets
_ Eitamin #7 is a&ailable is yeast%
_ Scury- arisin* due to deficiency of &itamin C- it is related to Castro-
intestinal disorder%
_ Sodium is necessary of ner&ous system%
_ Eitamin @ is essential for calcium metabolism%
_ Cheese contains &itamin @%
_ Eitamin C can not be stored in human body%
_ Scur&y- arisin* due to deficiency of &itamin C- it is related to Castro-
intestinal disorder%
_ Sodium is necessary of ner&ous system%
_ Cround nut has ma+imum protein
_ @i*estion of fat in intestine is aided by ?mulsification
_ Aair- fin*er nails- hoofs- etc are all ma1e of protein
_ @eficiency of sodium and potassium causes muscular cramps-
headache and diahrae
_ il1 contains S8F water
_ il1 is a complete food%
_ Cheese contains &itamin @%
_ Eitamin ? is for reproduction%
_ @eficiency of Thiamine causes #eri #eri%
_ Clucose is the source of ener*y for human brain%
)GA
_ a,or component of honey is Clucose
_ Three main food nutrients are carbohydrates- protein and fats%
Other are &itamins and minerals
_ eat is rich in iron we need to ma1e blood cells
_ ?atin* of coconut increases manVs mental faculties
_ 2ood poisonin* can result from the eatin* of too much toadstools%
_ Eitamin c is also 1nown as Ascorbic Acid%
_ Celluloses are carbohydrates%
_ il1 contains lactose
_ Ascorbic acid is essential for the formation of bones and teeth%
_ Citric acid is a *ood substitution for ascorbic acid in our nutrition%
_ A *ua&a contains more &itamin C than an oran*e
_ Eitamin not stored in human body%%%%%C
E/+IO1$ $)I&>)&$
_ Ta+idermy means stuffin* dead animals
_ Steno*raphy means short hand writin*
_ 'soriasis is a learnin* disability
_ 'aleontolo*y is study of fossils%
_ Aematolo*y is the study of blood%
_ Study of earth is *eolo*y
_ Acoustics is the science of sound
_ Cytolo*y is the study of cell
_ ?ntomolo*y is the study of insects%
_ Apiculture is science of bee 1eepin*
_ Ornitholo*y is the science of birds
_ 'hilolo*y is the science of lan*ua*es
_ Oncolo*y is the study of cancer
_ ?+obiolo*y is the study of life in outer space
_ Numismatics is the study of coins
_ ?u*enics is the study of alterin* humans by chan*in* their *enes or
it refers to !mpro&ement of human race
_ ?tholo*y is the study of animal beha&ior
_ Anthropolo*y is the study of ori*in and physical and cultural
de&elopment of man1ind
_ Carpolo*y is the study of fruits and seeds%
_ 'atholo*y deals with diseases
_ Aistolo*y deals with or*anic tissues
)GF
_ 'edolo*y is the study of soil
_ Cryo*enics deals with the production- control and application of low
temperatures
_ Seismolo*y is study of mo&ements inside earthVs crust
_ Ailurophobe is fear of animals
_ 'yrophobia is fear of fire%
_ Ambide+trous is one who can write with both hands%
_ Astrophysics is a branch of astronomy which deals with the physical
and chemical nature of hea&enly bodies%
_ % A etiolo*y is the study of causes of disease%
_ Concho lo*y is the study of shells%
_ Cryptolo*y is the study of codes%
_ @endrolo*y is the study of trees%
_ ?r*onomics is the study of relationships between people and their
wor1in* en&ironment%
_ Crapholo*y is the study of handwritin*%
_ !chthyolo*y in the study of fish%
_ 'sycholo*ical study of life in artificial en&ironment is called biopsy%
_ 2orms and features are studies under the branch of arpholo*y%
_ 'aleontolo*y is the study of fossils%
_ 'hycolo*y is the study of Al*ae%
_ ycolo*y is the study of fun*i%
_ The art of compilin* dictionary is called Le+ico*raphy%
_ Anthropolo*y is the study of man%
_ Carto*raphy is the art of ma1in* maps and charts%
_ 'hilately is hobby of stamp collectin*%
_ The branch of 4oolo*y- which deals with the study of insects is
called entomolo*y
_ The production of *enerally identical reproduction is called as
Clonin*
_ A petrolo*ist studies what- "oc1s history formation etc
_ An onomastician studies what - Names
_ Thanatolo*y is the study of what @eath
_ The study of human population is called @emo*raphy%
_ Dhat does an otolo*ist study-The ear and its diseases
_ Noolo*ists study what-The ind
_ Semiolo*y is the study of what-Si*nals
_ Dhat is sil&iculture- 2orestry
_ Dhat is Jylo*raphy- Dood ?n*ra&in*
_ 'aleontolo*y is the science of history of life%
)GG
_ eteorolo*y is the study of study of weather%
_ Crypto*raphy is the study which deals with the secret writin*%
_ Aydroponics means culti&ation of the plants without use of soil%
_ Ayetolo*y is the study of rainfall%
_ ycolo*y is the study of fun*us and fun*i diseases%
_ Numismatics is the study of coins%
_ 'etrolo*y is the study of roc1s in the earthVs crust%
_ Amniocentesis is a method for determination of foetal se+%
_ Dhat is Ste*ano*raphy: !n&isible in1 writin*
_ !chthyolo*ists study what 2ish
_ Dhat does a psepholo*ist study: Eotin* Z ?lections
_ Dhat is studied in Aerolo*y-'lanet ars
_ Dhat does a philolo*ist study- Lan*ua*es
_ Orthoepy is the study of what-Dord pronunciation
_ A philomath has a lo&e of what- Learnin*
_ Dhat is a nidolo*ist interested in-#irds nests
_ Dhat is philo*raphy- Auto*raph collectin*
_ A*ronomy is the science of soil mana*ement%
_ 'enolo*y is the study- theory and practice of prison mana*ement M
criminal rehabilitation%
_ Chemical preser&ation of dead or*anisms in liquid is called Cryo-
#ilo*y%
_ Orthoepy is the study of what-Dord pronunciation
_ Dhat does a philolo*ist study- Lan*ua*es
_ Chlama domonas is unicellular plant
1>I2$ O6 A&/$1+&A&>2
_ 7 horse power is =6L%= watts
_ 7 horse power < wor1 equal to liftin* LL8 lbs of wei*ht to one foot
for one second
_ 7 calorie is equal to 6%G Houles
_ 7 barrel is equal to 7LN liters
_ 5 feet < 7 fathom
_ 7 1wh < >%5 + 78 power 5 ,oules
_ A 788 watt bulb li*hts for 7 hour uses 788 watt hour of electricity
_ -G=> de*ree centi*rade is called absolute 4ero temperature%
_ Standard pressure is =58 mm or 76%= lb(inG
_ Cross is equal to 7G do4ens
/..
_ ach G < L88 miles per hour
_ 7 nautical mile < 7SGL meters
_ 0nit of pressure is 'ascal
_ 2orce is measured in Newton .S!/- @yne .CCS/
_ At -68 de* 2 2ahrenheit scale is equal to centi*rade scale
_ Aert4 and An*strom are units of frequency
_ 0nits of wor1 and ener*y are Houle and ?r* .CCS/
_ @iopter is unit of power of lens
_ 0nit is density is 1*(m>
_ 0nit of power is watt- #T0 .#oard of Trade 0nit/
_ 0nit of electric char*e is Coulomb
_ 0nit of &olta*e is &olt
_ 0nit of electric resistance is ohm
_ 0nit of capacitance is 2arad
_ 0nit of ma*netic flu+ is Deber- Tesla
_ 0nit of radio acti&ity is #ecquerel
_ 0nit of luminous intensity is candle- lu+
_ 0nit of crude oil is #arrel
_ 0nit of &olume of water is cusec- cubic(sec
_ 0nit of admittance is ho
_ 0nit of intensity or loudness of sound is bel
_ 0nit of &iscosity is 'oise
_ 0nit of fli*ht speed is ach !
_ 0nit of atmospheric pressure is milli bar
_ 0nit of wa&e len*th of li*ht is An*strom
_ 0nit of ener*y is ?lectron &olt
_ 0nit of bri*htness is Lambert
_ 0nit of luminous flu+ is Lumen
_ !ntensity of illumination or unit of luminosity is Lu+- Candela and
Candle power
_ 0nit of ma*netic pole stren*th is Deber
_ 0nit of "A@ ."adiation Absorbed @ose/ is Cray
_ 0nit of ?lectric Current is Ampere
_ 0nit of inductance is Aenry
_ 0nit of conductance is siemens%
_ 0nit of heat is Houle- Calorie- #T0 .#ritish Thermal 0nit/
_ "adio acti&ity is measured in currie
_ "utherford : stren*th of radioacti&ity
_ Torr: pressure
_ 2ermi : len*th aA unit of len*th equal to one femtometer .78-7L
/.1
meter/b
_ S&ed ber* unit:sedimentation rate
_ @ioptre: power of lense
_ ho : conducti&ity
_ Aenry: inductance
_ a+well: ma*netic flu+
_ #ecquerel: radioacti&ity
_ $ilo watt hour: power
_ Coulomb: unit of electrical char*e
_ Deber: unit of ma*netic flu+
_ Tesla: unit of ma*netic flu+ density
_ Siemen: unit of conductance
_ "utherford: unit of rate of decay of radioacti&e material
_ 2araday: unit of electric char*e
_ An*strom: unit of len*th- used especially to specify radiation
wa&elen*ths
_ 'arsec: unit of astronomical len*th
_ @e*ree: unit of measurement of an an*le
_ Steradian: 0nit of solid an*le measurement
_ @yne is a unit of 2orce%
_ S! unit of pressure is 'ascal%
_ Curie is a unit of : radioacti&ity
_ 'ascal Sound 'ressure
_ Torr 'ressure
_ Curie !ntensity of radioacti&ity
_ An*strom 0nit of len*th
_ Li*ht year The distance li*ht tra&els in a year
_ @ioptre Lens refracti&e power
_ Aorse power 0nit of 'ower
_ "adian 0nit of an*ular measure
_ Candela 0nit of luminous intensity
_ ole unit of amount of substance
_ Dhat is measured in units called phon- Sound 7NG
_ Dhat is measured in *rains - four *rains to a carat- 'earls
_ 0nit of electromoti&e force in Eolt%
_ Dhat is the S! unit of illumination -Lu+
_ Cross is equal to 7G do4en%
_ O4one is measured in percent a*e%
_ An ob,ect tra&elin* at ach G is tra&elin* appro+imately at L88 mph%
.ch1/
/.)
_ Dhat is measured on the Cay-Lussac scale: Alcohol stren*th
_ Chronometer is used to measure%%% time
_ Anemometer is used to measure%%% Dind Speed
_ The clusec is the unit measurin* the power of what Eacuum pumps
_ One million cycles per second is called e*ahert4%
_ 8%G88 *rams are equal to one carat%
_ Eoltammeter is an electrolytic cell for conductin* electrolytic
dissociation of electrolyte%
_ S furlon*s ma1e one mile%
_ A billion contain 7888 million% !t has N 4eroes% Similarly a trillion has
7G 4eroes-a quadrillion 7L 4eroes-a quintillion 7S 4eroes and a
decillion >> 4eroes%
_ One inch is equal to G%L688 cms and one mile is equal to 7%58N>
1ms%
_ One micron is equal to One-thousandth of a millimeter%
_ G%6=78L acres is equal to what S! unit-Aectare
_ Dhat word describes one tenth of a nautical mile-Cable
_ Dhat is measured on the Torro scale -Tornados
_ unit of sound named after- Ale+ander Craham #ell - @ecibel
_ The density Smo1e is measured on the "n*elmann scale-
_ 0nit of electromoti&e force in Eolt%
_ 'ower is measured in Datts .w/%
_ "esistance was disco&ered by Cir*e Ohm in 7SG5- and is measured
in ohms%
_ ?lectricity does not flow throu*h a circuit by itself% !t needs a [pushV-
or ener*y- to 1eep it mo&in*% De call this ener*y the &olta*e of the
circuit% Eolta*e is measured in &olts .&/%
_ The Cerman scientist Ceor*e Ohm .7=S=-7SL6/ is best
remembered for wor1in* out ohmVs law% Ae disco&ered that they
&olta*e across a conductor such as a trip of metal or a wire Z and the
current followin* throu*h it always &ary in the same proportion% So if
you double the &olta*e- you double the current% This is incredibly
usefulB because it lets you predict the current you will *et for a
particular &olta*e%
_ The thic1ness of sil1 is measured in what- @enier
_ OhmVs law does not apply to semiconductors and conductors when
there is chan*e in temperature%
_ !n our houses we *et GG8 E a%c% The &alue of GG8 E represents the
effecti&e &olta*e%
_ One unit of electric power is consumed when 78 A of current flows
/./
for 7 hour at 788 E% 7 0nit < 7 1w hr < 7888 w hr < 788 + 78 + 7 hr
_ !f the same note is played on a flute and a sitar- one can still
distir*uish b(w them because they differ in quality%
_ A ne*ati&ely char*ed *lass rod has always less protons than
electrons%
_ The wa&elen*th of the J-rays is of the order of 8%7 nanometer%
_ "ed- *reen and blue are 1nown as primary colours% These are
colours which cannot be produced by mi+in* with other colours%
_ Scatterin* of li*ht ;;; the duration of the day .ma1e/
_ Oil rises in a wic1 of oil lamp on account of a property of matter
called Capillary Action
_ a primary cell can ;;; be char*ed a*ain .not/
_ Dhen a person can see nearer ob,ects but not the distant ones he
is said to be sufferin* from : nearsi*htedness .myopia/
_ AT' is a molecule containin* hi*h ener*y bonds%
_ An e+ample of inor*anic compound is carbon mono+ide%
_ The time period of a pendulum on moon increases%
_ Clinical thermometer usually measures in 2ahrenheit%
_ Tube li*ht emits radiation e&en after it is disconnected% !t is due to
2luorescence%
_ Shortsi*htedness can be corrected with the use of Conca&e%
_ "ectifier con&erts AC into @C
_ Atomic wei*ht of chemical compounds is determined by ass
spectroscopy%
_ Atomic pile is a place where nuclear fission is made%
_ @rin1erVs apparatus is for measurin* the amount of Alcohol in the
blood%
_ @ewarVs flas1 is called as thermos%
_
_ The con&ersion of *ases into liquid under hi*h pressure and low
temperature is called re*ulation%
_ !f a *reen leaf is seen in a red li*ht its color will be blac1%
_ ?mer*e of E!#C9O" from one side of the prism is due to refraction
and dispersion of li*ht%
_ O+idation is the process in which electron is lost%
_ Aalf-time is a time of radioacti&e substance ta1en by that substance
to decompose radioacti&ity to half of its wei*ht%
_ Li*ht ener*y is stored in the form of chemical ener*y due to the
acti&ity of Chloroplast%
_ Sunli*ht is composed of se&en colours
/.5
_ Oil rises in a wic1 of oil lamp on account of a property of matter
called Capillary Action
_ Dhat is a 2ata or*ana- Type of ira*e
_
_ 2reon-trademar1 for any of a number of chemical compounds
containin* fluorine- and often chlorine or bromine% 0se: as sol&ents-
as aerosol propellants- in refri*eration% !t is commonly used in
refri*erator
$)I&>2I6I) I>$2+1A&>2$
_ Aydrometer measures humidity
_ #arometer measures atmospheric pressure
_ 'urity of mil1 is measured by lactometer
_ 2athometer measures the depth of oceans%
_ Se+tant is used for measurin* altitude of Sun and other hea&enly
bodies
_ Chronometer records accurate time on ships
_ Al*esimeter indicates the de*ree of sensiti&eness of s1in
_ Altimeter measures altitudes
_ Ammeter measures current
_ Anemometer records &elocity of wind
_ Cyamometer measures blueness of s1y or ocean
_ @asymeter measures density of *as
_ Cal&anometer measures small electric current
_ Aydrometer measures relati&e density of liquids
_ Ay*rometer measures humidity in atmosphere
/.5
_ Aypsometer measures atmospheric pressure to ascertain ele&ations
by determinin* boilin* point of liquid% Or Aypsometer is an instrument
for measurin* the hei*ht abo&e sea le&el%
_ anometer measures pressure of *ases
_ icrometer measures minute distances
_ 'eriscope is used for &iewin* ob,ects abo&e eye le&el
_ Cyclotron is used for electroma*netic acceleration of char*ed atoms
_ Cei*er counter is used for detectin* and recordin* radioacti&ity% !t
was in&ented by Aans Cei*er .7SSG-7N6L/
_ 'yrometer measures hi*h temperatures
_ "efrectometer measures refracti&e inde+ of a substance
_ Seismo*raph measures intensity of earthqua1e
_ Telstar transmits wireless or T%E broadcast
_ Eiscometer measures &iscosity of liquids
_ Spiro *raph records the mo&ement of lun*s
_ 'hotometer measures rate of transpiration
_ Scoto*raph is used for enblin* blind to write
_ ?ratosthenes measures distance round the earth
_ $aldio-scopes ha&e pro&ed helpful in findin* the amount of
dampness in soil
_ ohrVs scale measures de*ree of hardness of minerals
_ "#C and D#C is bloods are counted by Aemocytometer%
_ anometer is the instrument of measurin* *as pressure%
_ Spectrometer instrument for measurin* the spectrum of li*ht%
_ The &ariation in the blood flow can be heard with an instrument
called ; stethoscope ;
_ Dhat is measured by an interferometer-Da&elen*th of li*ht
_ Aydrophone is used for measurin* sound under water%
_ a*nometer is an instrument desi*ned to compare the ma*netic
mo&ement and field%
_ 'otometer is used to measure the rate of respiration in animal and
plants%
_ 2or measurin* solar radiation we use pyrheliometer%
_ Actimometer measures direct heatin* power of the Sun%
_ Ammeter is use for measurin* current stren*th%
_ anometer is the instrument of measurin* *as pressure%
_ Spectrometer instrument for measurin* the spectrum of li*ht%
_ The measurement of rainfall is made by an instrument 1nown as
rain *au*e
_ Dhat is measured with an ombrometer-"ainfall
/.@
_ The instrument used to measure &ery hi*h temperature: !nfrared
pyrometers
_ echanical ener*y into electrical ener*y: Cenerator
_ Aeat ener*y into mechanical ener*y: Aeat en*ine or steam en*ine%
_ ?lectrical ener*y into mechanical ener*y: ?lectrical otor
_ ?lectrical ener*y into sound ener*y: Loudspea1er
_ Sound ener*y into electrical ener*y: icrophone
_ The de&ice used to measure radioacti&ity: Cei*er-uller tube
_ The de&ice which con&erts the chemical ener*y into electrical
ener*y: #attery
_ The de&ice used to measure radioacti&ity% Cei*er counter
_ Ay*rometer is instrument used for measurin* humidity of air%
_ Aeliscope is used for &iewin* the sun%
_ Dhat does a potometer measure- Dater inta1e
_ Clinical thermometer usually measures in 2ahrenheit%
_ Actimometer measures direct heatin* power of the Sun%
_ Ammeter is use for measurin* current stren*th
_ Eoltammeter is an electrolytic cell for conductin* electrolytic
dissociation of electrolyte%
_ Dhat does a drosomoter measure: @ew
_ "elati&e density of an atmosphere is measured by hy*rometer%
_ Spiro*raph is an apparatus used for recordin* the mo&ement of the
lun*s%
_ The ma+imum limit of sound beyond which a person can become
deaf is 7GN lbs%
_ Charles $ "hodes de&eloped an J-"ay emittin* laser in 7NN8%
_ Son meter is an instrument used to study the beha&ior of &ibratin*
strin*%
_ The instrument used for measurin* the &elocity of wind is 1nown as
anemometer%
Altimeter: an apparatus used in aircraft for measurin* altitudes%
Ammeter: is used for to measure intensity of sound%
Anemometer: is an instrument for measurin* the force and &elocity of
wind%
Audiometer: an instrument to measure intensity of sound%
Audiophone: is an instrument required for impro&in* imperfect sense
of hearin*%
#aro*raph: for continuous recordin* of atmospheric pressure%
#arometer: is an apparatus used for measurin* the atmospheric
pressure%
/.A
#inoculars: is an instrument used for seein* distant ob,ects- the rays
of li*ht are twice reflected by means of ri*ht-an*led prisms%
Callipers: a compass with le*s for measurin* the inside or outside
diameter of bodies%
Calorimeter: an instrument used for measurin* quantities of heat%
Carburettor: is an apparatus for char*in* air with petrol &apours in an
internal combustion en*ine%
Cardio*ram: a medical instrument used for tracin* the mo&ements of
the heart%
Cardio*raph: is a medical instrument for tracin* heart mo&ements%
Chronometer: is an instrument 1ept on board the ships for measurin*
accurate time%
Cinemato*raph: !t consists of a series of lenses arran*ed to throw on
a screen an enlar*ed ima*e of photo*raphs% The lens system which
forms the ima*e on the screen is termed the focusin* lens%
Commutator: split rin* which forms the main part of a @%C% @ynamo%
Compass needle: for 1nowin* appro+imately the North-South
direction at a place%
Cresco*raph: is an instrument for use in recordin* *rowth of plantsB
in&ented by H%C% #ose%
@ip Circle: !t is an instrument used to determine the an*le between
the direction of the resultant intensity of earthVs field and the
hori4ontal component at a place% This particular an*le is 1now as the
dip of that place%
@rin1erVs apparatus: to help breathin* in infantile paralysis%
@ynamo: The ori*in of electricity in a @ynamo is the transformation of
mechanical ener*y into electrical ener*y% !t depends on the principle
of electro-ma*netic induction whereby a current is produced on
tra&ersin* a ma*netic field%
?lectroencephalo*raph .??C/: !t is the technique of recordin* and
interpretin* the electrical acti&ity of the brain% "ecords of the electrical
acti&ity of the brain- commonly 1nown as Wbrain wa&esX- are called
electroencephalo*rams or electroencephalo*raphs% ??C is the
common abbre&iation for both the technique and the records%
?pidiascope: for pro,ectin* films as well as ima*es of opaque articles
on a screen%
?udiometer: !t is a *lass tube for measurin* &olume chan*es in
chemical reactions between *ases%
2athometer: is an instrument used for measurin* depth of the ocean%
Cal&anometer: an instrument for measurin* currents of small
/.F
ma*nitude%
C%% Counter .Cei*er uller Counter/: This special de&ice is used for
detectin* the presence of radiation and countin* certain atomic
particles%
Cramophone: an instrument with which we can reproduce the sound
recorded by a suitable recordin* apparatus% !t is fitted with a special
type of apparatus 1nown as sound bo+ in&ented by #erliner%
Cra&imeter: is an instrument for recordin* measurement under water
and to determine the presence of oil deposits under water%
Cyroscope: is an instrument used to illustrate dynamics of rotatin*
bodies% !t is a type of spinnin* wheel fi+ed to the a+le%
Aydrometer: is an instrument used for measurin* the specific *ra&ity
of liquids%
Aydrophone: is an instrument used for recordin* sound under water%
Ay*rometer: is an instrument used for measurin* humidity in air%
$ymo*raph: is an instrument used to record *raphically &arious
physiolo*ical mo&ements i%e%- blood pressure- heart beatin*- study of
lun*s etc in li&in* bein*s%
Lactometer: is an apparatus used for measurin* the purity of mil1%
anometer: for determinin* the pressure of a *as%
arinerVs Compass: is an apparatus which is used to *uide the
sailors% The needle always points north-south%
icrometer: is an instrument used for con&ertin* sound i%e%- fraction
of the lowest di&ision of a *i&en scale%
icrophone: is an instrument used for con&ertin* sound wa&es into
electrical &ibrations%
icroscope: is an instrument which is used for ma*nifyin* minute
ob,ects by a lens system%
icrotome: is used for cuttin* an ob,ect into thin parts for microscopic
inspection%
Odometer: is an instrument by &irtue of which the distance co&ered
by wheeled &ehicles is recorded%
'eriscope: !t is usually used by the crew of a submarine to sur&ey the
ships etc- on the surface of the sea while the submarine is under
water% !t also enables the sailors to obser&e ob,ects on the other side
of an obstacle without e+posin* themsel&es%
'hono*raph: is an instrument used for reproducin* sound%
'hotometer: is an apparatus used to compare the illuminatin* power
of two sources of li*ht%
'ipette: !t is a *lass tube with the aid of which a definite &olume of
/.G
liquid may be transferred%
'otentiometer: is used for comparin* the e%m%f%s- of cells-
measurements of the thermal e%m%f%s- lar*e potential differences and
currents% !t is also used for measurin* low resistances%
'sychrometer: is an instrument for measurement of the humidity of
the atmosphere%
'yrometer: is an instrument for recordin* hi*h temperatures from a
*reat distance .i%e%- for recordin* temperature of the sun etc%/ by
ma1in* use of the laws of radiation%
"adar: "adio- An*le- @etection And "an*e is used to detect the
direction and ran*e of an approachin* aeroplane by means of radio
microwa&es%
"ain Cau*e: is an apparatus for recordin* of rainfall at a particular
place%
"adiometer: is an instrument for measurin* the emission of radiant
ener*y%
"efractometer: is an instrument to measure refracti&e indices%
Saccharimeter: is an instrument for determinin* the amount of su*ar
in a solution% !t is used in breweries%
Seismometer or Seismo*raph: is an instrument used for recordin*
earthqua1e shoc1s%
Se+tant: is an instrument in&ented by Hohn Aadley used for
measurin* the altitude of the sun and of other inaccessible hea&enly
bodies%
Spectrometer: .7/ !t is a type of spectroscope suitable for the precise
measurements of refracti&e indices% .G/ An instrument for measurin*
the ener*y distribution of a particular type of radiation%
Speedometer: is an instrument which indicates speed at which a
&ehicle is mo&in*%
Spherometer: is an instrument for measurin* cur&ature of surfaces%
Sphy*momanometer: an instrument used for measurin* arterial
blood-pressure%
Sphy*mophone: an instrument- with the help of which a pulse beat
ma1es a sound%
Sphy*moscope: an instrument- by &irtue of which- arterial pulsations
become &isible%
Stereoscope: !t is a special type of binocular- throu*h which a double
photo*raph snapped from two different an*les by a two-lensed
camera is &iewed in solid relief%
Stethoscope: is an instrument to hear and analyse mo&ements of
/1.
heart and lun*s%
Stop watch: for recordin* small inter&als of time in the laboratory- in
races and other e&ents%
Stroboscope: is an instrument for &iewin* ob,ects mo&in* rapidly with
a periodic motion and to see them as if they were at rest%
Tachometer: is an instrument for determinin* speeds of aeroplanes
and motor boats%
Telephone: a de&ice by &irtue of which two persons at two different
places can communicate% !t consists of two main parts .i/ a
microphone and .ii/ a recei&er%
Teleprinter: an instrument which prints automatically messa*es sent
from one place to another- on tele*raph lines%
Telescope: is an apparatus used for obser&in* distant ob,ects%
Theodolite: is an instrument for measurin* hori4ontal and &ertical
an*les%
Thermocouple: an instrument based on thermo-electricity used for
measurin* temperatures%
Thermometer: is an apparatus used for measurin* temperature%
Thermostat: !t is an instrument used to re*ulate the temperature to a
particular de*ree%
Eiscometer: is an instrument to measure &iscosity%
$cientific studies of various fields
acarology-- study of mites
accidence-- *rammar boo1B science of inflections in *rammar
aceology-- therapeutics
acology -- study of medical remedies
acoustics -- science of sound
adenology -- study of *lands
aedoeology -- science of *enerati&e or*ans
aerobiology -- study of airborne or*anisms
aerodonetics-- science or study of *lidin*
aerodynamics -- dynamics of *asesB science of mo&ement in a flow
of air or *as
bacteriology -- study of bacteria
balneology -- the science of the therapeutic use of baths
barodynamics-- science of the support and mechanics of brid*es
barology-- study of *ra&itation
batology-- the study of brambles
/11
bibliology-- study of boo1s
bibliotics-- study of documents to determine authenticity
bioecology-- study of interaction of life in the en&ironment
biology -- study of life
biometrics-- study of biolo*ical measurement
bionomics-- study of or*anisms interactin* in their en&ironments
botany-- study of plants
bromatology -- study of food
brontology -- scientific study of thunder
campanology-- the art of bell rin*in*
carcinology-- study of crabs and other crustaceans
cardiology-- study of the heart
caricology-- study of sed*es
carpology -- study of fruit
cartography -- the science of ma1in* maps and *lobes
cartophily-- the hobby of collectin* ci*arette cards
castrametation -- the art of desi*nin* a camp
catacoustics--science of echoes or reflected sounds
catalactics-- science of commercial e+chan*e
catechectics -- the art of teachin* by question and answer
cetology -- study of whales and dolphins
chalcography-- the art of en*ra&in* on copper or brass
chalcotriptics-- art of ta1in* rubbin*s from ornamental brasses
chaology -- the study of chaos or chaos theory
characterology -- study of de&elopment of character
chemistry-- study of properties of substances
chirocosmetics-- beautifyin* the handsB art of manicure
diabology-- study of de&ils
diagraphics-- art of ma1in* dia*rams or drawin*s
dialectology -- study of dialects
dioptrics -- study of li*ht refraction
diplomatics -- science of decipherin* ancient writin*s and te+ts
diplomatology-- study of diplomats
docimology-- the art of assayin*
dosiology-- the study of doses
dramaturgy -- art of producin* and sta*in* dramatic wor1s
& to I
&gyptology-- study of ancient ?*ypt
/1)
eistics-- study of human settlement
electrochemistry-- study of relations between electricity and
chemicals
electrology -- study of electricity
electrostatics-- study of static electricity
embryology-- study of embryos
emetology -- study of &omitin*
emmenology -- the study of menstruation
endemiology-- study of local diseases
endocrinology-- study of *lands
enigmatology-- study of eni*mas
entomology-- study of insects
ento(oology-- study of parasites that li&e inside lar*er or*anisms
en(ymology-- study of en4ymes
ephebiatrics-- branch of medicine dealin* with adolescence
epidemiology-- study of diseasesB epidemics
fluviology -- study of watercourses
folloristics-- study of fol1lore and fables
futurology-- study of future
garbology-- study of *arba*e
gastroenterology -- study of stomachB intestines
gastronomy-- study of fine dinin*
gemmology-- study of *ems and ,ewels
genealogy-- study of descent of families
genesiology-- study of reproduction and heredity
genethlialogy-- the art of castin* horoscopes
geochemistry-- study of chemistry of the earth)s crust
geochronology--- study of measurin* *eolo*ical time
geogeny-- science of the formation of the earth)s crust
geogony-- study of formation of the earth
geography-- study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants
geology -- study of earth)s crust
geomorphogeny-- study of the ori*ins of land forms
geoponics-- study of A*riculture
hydrography-- study of in&esti*atin* bodies of water
hydroinetics-- study of motion of fluids
hydrology-- study of water resources
hydrometeorology-- study of atmospheric moisture
hydropathy -- study of treatin* diseases with water
hyetology-- science of rainfall
/1/
hygiastics -- science of health and hy*iene
hygienics-- study of sanitationB health
hygiologyHH hy*ienicsB study of cleanliness
hygrologyHH study of humidity
hygrometry -- science of humidity
hymnography-- study of writin* hymns
hymnology -- study of hymns
hypnologyHH study of sleepB study of hypnosis
hypsography-- science of measurin* hei*hts
iamatology -- study of remedies
iatrologyHH treatise or te+t on medical topicsB study of medicine
iatromathematics-- archaic practice of medicine in con,unction with
astrolo*y
ichnography-- art of drawin* *round plansB a *round plan
ichnology-- science of fossili4ed footprints
ichthyology-- study of 2ish
iconography-- study of drawin* symbols
iconology-- study of iconsB symbols
ideogeny-- study of ori*ins of ideas
ideology -- science of ideasB system of ideas used to ,ustify
beha&iour
idiomology-- study of idiom- ,ar*on or dialect
idiopsychology-- psycholo*y of one)s own mind
immunogenetics-- study of *enetic characteristics of immunity
immunology-- study of immunity
immunopathology-- study of immunity to disease
insectology -- study of insects
irenology -- the study of peace
O to O
oniology -- study of atmospheric pollutants and dust
tenology -- science of puttin* people to death
ymatology -- study of wa&e motion
labeorphily-- collection and study of beer bottle labels
larithmics-- study of population statistics
laryngology -- study of laryn+
lepidopterology -- study of butterflies and moths
leprology-- study of leprosy
/15
lexicology -- study of words and their meanin*s
lexigraphy-- art of definition of words
lichenology -- study of lichens
limacology-- study of slu*s
limnobiology-- study of freshwater ecosystems
limnology -- study of bodies of fresh water
linguistics -- study of lan*ua*e
lithology-- malariolo*y study of malaria
mammalogy-- study of mammals
manQRge-- the art of horsemanship
Aariology-- study of the Eir*in ary
martyrology-- study of martyrs
mastology-- study of mammals
mathematics-- study of ma*nitude- number- and forms
ma(ology-- mammalo*yB study of mammals
mechanics -- study of action of force on bodies
meconology-- study of or treatise concernin* opium
melittology -- study of bees
mereology-- study of part-whole relationships
mesology -- ecolo*y
metallogeny-- study of the ori*in and distribution of metal deposits
metallography-- study of the structure and constitution of metals
metallurgy-- study of alloyin* and treatin* metals
nidology -- study of nests
nomology-- the science of the lawsB especially of the mind
noology-- science of the intellect
nosology -- study of diseases
nostology-- study of senility
notaphily-- collectin* of ban1-notes and cheques
numerology -- study of numbers
numismatics-- study of coins
nymphology-- study of nymphs
obstetrics-- study of midwifery
oceanography-- study of oceans
oceanology -- study of oceans
odology -- science of the hypothetical mystical force of od
odontology-- study of teeth
oenology-- study of wines
oiology -- science of house1eepin*
olfactology-- study of the sense of smell
/15
ombrology -- study of rain
oncology -- study of tumours
oneirology -- study of dreams
orthography-- study of spellin*
orthopterology-- study of coc1roaches
oryctology -- mineralo*y or paleontolo*y
osmics-- scientific study of smells
osmology-- study of smells and olfactory processes
osphresiology-- study of the sense of smell
osteology -- study of bones
otology -- study of the ear
otorhinolaryngology-- study of ear- nose and throat
! to 2
paedology-- study of children
paedotrophy-- art of rearin* children
paidonosology-- study of children)s diseasesB pediatrics
palaeoanthropology-- study of early humans
palaeobiology -- study of fossil plants and animals
palaeoclimatology-- study of ancient climates
palaeolimnology-- study of ancient 2ish
palaeolimnology-- study of ancient la1es
palaeontology-- study of fossils
philately-- study of posta*e stamps
philematology -- the act or study of 1issin*
phillumeny-- collectin* of matchbo+ labels
philology -- study of ancient te+tsB historical lin*uistics
philosophy-- science of 1nowled*e or wisdom
phoniatrics -- study and correction of speech defects
phonology -- study of speech sounds
psychology-- study of mind
psychopathology-- study of mental illness
psychophysics-- study of lin1 between mental and physical
processes
pteridology -- study of ferns
pterylology -- study of distribution of feathers on birds
pyretology -- study of fe&ers
pyrgology -- study of towers
pyroballogy-- study of artillery
/1@
pyrography-- study of woodburnin*
quinology -- study of quinine
raciology-- study of racial differences
radiology-- study of J-rays and their medical applications
reflexology-- study of refle+es
rhabdology -- 1nowled*e or learnin* concernin* di&inin* rods
rhabdology -- art of calculatin* usin* numberin* rods
rheology -- science of the deformation or flow of matter
rheumatology-- study of rheumatism
rhinology-- study of the nose
rhochrematics-- science of in&entory mana*ement and the
mo&ement of products
runology -- study of runes
sarcologyHH study of fleshy parts of the body
satanology -- study of the de&il
scatology-- study of e+crement or obscene literature
schematonics-- art of usin* *esture to e+press tones
sciagraphy-- art of shadin*
scripophily -- collection of bond and share certificates
sedimentology -- study of sediment
seismology -- study of earthqua1es
selenodesy-- study of the shape and features of the moon
selenology-- study of the moon
semantics -- study of meanin*
semantology-- science of meanin*s of words
semasiology-- study of meanin*B semantics
topology-- study of places and their natural features
toponymics-- study of place-names
toreutics -- study of artistic wor1 in metal
toxicology -- study of poisons
toxophily -- lo&e of archeryB archeryB study of archery
traumatology-- study of wounds and their effects
tribology -- study of friction and wear between surfaces
trichology-- study of hair and its disorders
trophology-- study of nutrition
tsiganology-- study of *ypsies
turnery-- art of turnin* in a lathe
typhlology-- study of blindness and the blind
typography-- art of printin* or usin* type
typology-- study of types of thin*s
/1A
1 to P
ufology-- study of alien spacecraft
uranography-- descripti&e astronomy and mappin*
uranology-- study of the hea&ensB astronomy
urbanology-- study of cities
urenology-- study of rust molds
urology -- study of urineB urinary tract
venereology-- study of &enereal disease
vermeology-- study of worms
vexillology-- study of fla*s
victimology-- study of &ictims
vinology -- scientific study of &ines and winema1in*
virology-- study of &iruses
vitrics-- *lassy materialsB *lasswareB study of *lassware
volcanology -- study of &olcanoes
vulcanology-- study of &olcanoes
xylography-- art of en*ra&in* on wood
xylology -- study of wood
(enography-- study of the planet Hupiter
(oiatrics-- &eterinary sur*ery
(ooarchaeology-- study of animal remains of archaeolo*ical sites
(oochemistry-- chemistry of animals
(oogeography-- study of *eo*raphic distribution of animals
(oogeology -- study of fossil animal remains
(oology-- study of animals
(oonomy-- animal physiolo*y
(oonosology-- study of animal diseases
(oopathology-- study of animal diseases
(oophysics-- physics of animal bodies
(oophysiology -- study of physiolo*y of animals
(oophytology-- study of plant-li1e animals
(oosemiotics-- study of animal communication
(ootaxy-- science of classifyin* animals
(ootechnics-- science of breedin* animals
(ygology -- science of ,oinin* and fastenin*
(ymology -- science of fermentation
(ymurgy-- branch of chemistry dealin* with brewin* and distillin*
/1F

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MCQs of Computer Science

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