A

COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT

On
Study on changing consumer preference towards organized
retailing from un-organized retailing to Ahmedabad City

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF
Master of Business Administration
Second Year
SUBMI TTED TO
GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(MBA DEPARTMENT)
AFFILIATED TO GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
AHMEDABAD

UNDER THE GUI DANCE OF
MR. NEHAL SHAH
Assistant Professor, GIT

SUBMI TTED BY
TWINKLE V. KANDE: - 127150592012
KARTIK H. KOSHTI: - 127150592015

YEAR 2013-2014


1
DECLARATION

We, Twinkle Kande and Kartik Koshti, hereby declare that the report
for comprehensive project entitled Study on changing consumer preference
towards organized retailing from un-organized retailing to Ahmadabad City
is a result of our own work and our indebtedness to other work publications,
references have been duly acknowledged.


Place : - Motibhoyan
Date :-

Twinkle V. Kande
(En. No.:-127150592012)
Kartik H. Koshti
(En. No.:-127150592015)

2
INSTITUTES CERTIFICATE

Certified that this comprehensive project titled Study on
changing consumer preference towards organized retailing from un-organized
retailing to Ahmadabad City is the bonafide work of Mr. Twinkle V. Kande
(Enrollment No. 127150592012) and Mr. Kartik H. Koshti (Enrollment No.
127150592015), who carried out the research under my supervision, I also
certify further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein
does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any
other candidate.


Internal Guide: Counter signed by:
Mr. Nehal Shah Mr. Milan Shah
Asst. Prof., GIT Head of Dept. GIT

Twinkle V. Kande
(En. No:-127150592012)
Kartik H. Koshti
(En. No:-127150592015)

GANDHI NAGAR I NSTI TUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Management Department)
Gujarat Technological University
Ahmadabad
2013-14

3
PREFACE





















4
ACKNOLEDGEMENT

Only due to the blessings of GOD and OUR PARENTS, we have been
successful to handle this project. It is a pleasure to recognize the many
individuals who helped us in all phases of the project. Without their help, we
would not have finished this project, or even started it. Achievement of a goal
is not a one persons job. It is obtained by guidance & co-operation of others.

Our sincere thanks to Dr. N. M. Bhatt, Director of Gandhinagar Institute of
Technology, Gandhinagar and Mr. Milan S. Shah, HOD-MBA for his moral
support and constant encouragement without which it was not possible for us
to complete the project work successfully.
We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to all the faculty
members of Department of Management, Gandhinagar Institute of
Technology, at Gandhinagar whose advice and supervision had helped in the
completion of the project work. We are also very thankful to Mr. Nehal Shah
(Internal Guide), Asst. Prof. at Gandhinagar Institute of Technology,
Gandhinagar for guiding us in completing our project successfully.

Place: Motibhoyan
Date:
Twinkle V. Kande
(En. No:-127150592012)
Kartik H. Koshti
(En. No:-127150592015)





5
TABLE OF CONTENTS

SR. NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO.
Declaration
Certificate of Institute
Preface
Acknowledgements
Executive Summary

Part 1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Overview of I ndian Retail I ndustry

2. Major players of Retail I ndustry in I ndia

3. Type of retail industry in I ndia

4. Growth I ndian retailing industry

PART 2 PRIMARY STUDY

4. Introduction of Study


4.1 Literature Review

4.2 Background of the Study

4.3 Objectives of the Study
5.
Research Methodology

5.1 Research Design

5.2 Sources of Data

5.3 Data Collection Method

6

5.4 Population

5.5 Sampling Method

5.6 Sampling Frame

5.7 Date Collection Instruments
Annexure

Questionnaire for

Bibliography & References
Remarks



















7
LIST OF FIGURES











SR. NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO.
1. Different categories of organising retail sector
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

8
LIST OF TABLES








SR. NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO.
1. Global retail scenario of all the world
2. Major players of retailing industry in India
3. Top 10 Retailers Worldwide
4. Summary of research methodology
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

9








10
Chapter 1:-
OVERVIEW OF INDIAN RETAIL INDUSTRY
The word "Retail" originates from a French-Italian word "retailer"
meaning someone who cuts off or shreds a small piece from something.
Retailing includes activities of marketing and selling products or services to
end consumers for their own household or personal use. Retailer is a Person or
Agent or Company or Organization who is instrumental in reaching the Goods
or Merchandise or Services to the End User or Ultimate Consumer.


What is retailing?
Retailing is a distribution channel function, where one organisation
buys products from supplying firms or manufactures products themselves,
and then sells these directly to consumers.
In majority of retail situations, the organisation, from whom a
consumer buys, is a reseller of products obtained from others, and not the

11
product manufacturer. However, some manufacturers do operate their own
retail outlets in a corporate channel arrangement.
Retailers offer many benefits to suppliers and customers as resellers.
Consumers, for instance, are able to purchase small quantities of an assortment
of products at a reasonably affordable price. Similarly, suppliers get an
opportunity to reach their target market, build product demand through retail
promotions, and provide consumer feedback to the product marketer.
Most Indian shopping happens in open markets or numerous small
grocery and retail shops. Shoppers typically wait outside the shop, ask for
what they want, and cannot pick or examine a product from the shelf.

Access
to the shelf or product storage area is limited. Once the shopper requests the
food staple or household product they are looking for, the shopkeeper goes to
the container or shelf or to the back of the store, brings it out and offers it for
sale to the shopper. Often the shopkeeper may substitute the product, claiming
that it is similar or equivalent to the product the consumer is asking for.
The product typically has no price label in these small retail shops;
although some products do have a manufactured suggested retail price
(MSRP) pre-printed on the packaging. The shopkeeper prices the food staple
and household products arbitrarily, and two consumers may pay different
prices for the same product on the same day. Price is sometimes negotiated
between the shopper and shopkeeper. The shoppers do not have time to
examine the product label, and do not have a choice to make an informed
decision between competitive products.
India's retail and logistics industry, organized and unorganized in
combination, employs about 40 million Indians (3.3% of Indian population).
The typical Indian retail shops are very small. Over 14 million outlets operate
in the country and only 4% of them being larger than 500 sq. ft. (46 m
2
) in
size. India has about 11 shop outlets for every 1000 people.
Vast majority of the unorganized retail shops in India employ family
members, do not have the scale to procure or transport products at high
volume wholesale level, have limited to no quality control or fake-versus-
authentic product screening technology and have no training on safe and

12
hygienic storage, packaging or logistics. The unorganized retail shops source
their products from a chain of middlemen who mark up the product as it
moves from farmer or producer to the consumer. The unorganized retail shops
typically offer no after-sales support or service. Finally, most transactions at
unorganized retail shops are done with cash, with all sales being final.
Until the 1990s, regulations prevented innovation and entrepreneurship
in Indian retailing. Some retails faced complying with over thirty regulations
such as "signboard licenses" and "anti-hoarding measures" before they could
open doors. There are taxes for moving goods to states, from states, and even
within states in some cases. Farmers and producers had to go through
middlemen monopolies. The logistics and infrastructure was very poor, with
losses exceeding 30 percent.
Through the 1990s, India introduced widespread free market reforms,
including some related to retail. In between 2000 to 2010, consumers in select
Indian cities have gradually begun to experience the quality, choice,
convenience and benefits of organized retail industry.














13
Major retail sector in India

There are many sectors in retail industry in India and there are established in
various company at specific sectors.

1. Food and grocery:
Food Bazaar
Aditya Birla Retail Ltd
Trinethra Super Market Ltd
Reliance Retail
2. Fashion and accessories
Pantaloons
Shoppers Stop
3. Koutons:
4. Footwear
Reebok
Bata
5. Khadims:
6. Home and office improvement
Godrej Lifespace
Home Stop
Home Town
7. Electronics
eZone:
Viveks:
8. Catering services
Yum! Restaurants:
McDonalds
Caf Coffee Day
9. Telecom
The Mobile Store:
MobileNXT:

14
10. Pharmaceuticals
Apollo Pharmacy
MedPlus:

11. Beauty and wellness
Reliance Wellness
Himalaya Drugs
12. Jewellery
Gitanjali:
Tanishq:
Reliance Jewels
13. Timewear
Citizen:
Titan
Books, music and gifts
14. Crossword
15. Entertainment













15
How does the retail sector consumer think?














16
Trends in the Retail industry

Emergence of organized retail:
Real estate development in the country, for example, the construction of
mega malls and shopping malls, is augmenting the growth of the
organized retail business
Spending capacity of youth of India:
India has a large youth population, which is a conducive environment to
growth of this sector.
Raising incomes and purchasing power:
The per capita income in India has doubled between 2000- 01 and 2009-
10 resulting in improved purchasing power.
Changing mind set of customers:
The customer mind set is gradually shifting from low price to better
convenience, high value and a better shopping experience
Easy customer credit:
Emergence of concepts such as quick and easy loans, EMIs, loan
through credit cards, has made purchasing possible for Indian
consumers, for products such as consumer durables
Higher brand consciousness:
There is high brand consciousness among the youth; 60% of Indias
population is below the age of 30 leading to popularization of brands
and products











17
Global Retail Scenario

Retailing has played a major role in the global economy. In developed
markets, retailing is one of the most prominent industries. In 2008, the US
retail sector contributed 31% to the GDP at current market prices. In
developed economies, organized retail has a 75-80% share in total retail as
compared with developing economies, where un-organized retail has a
dominant share.
(Table no. 1 =Global retail scenario of all the world)
1

Sr. No. Company name Country Banner sales 2007E (in
us$ million)
No. of outlets,
1 WALMART US 395305 7331
2 CARREFOUR FRANCE 142229 13419
3 TESCO UK 103573 3750
4 METRO GROUP GERMANY 102942 2541
5 SEVEN & I(ii) JAPAN 84375 22590
6 KROGER US 73633 3672
7 AEON (i) JAPAN 73416 14803
8 TARGET US 71125 1591
9 SCHWARZ GERMANY 70969 8575
10 COSTCO US 69704 518

Global retail sales was estimated to be around US$ 12 trillion in 20072;
however, in 2008, the slowdown in the global economy, especially in the US,
and credit crunch, decreased consumer spending. On a global level, the
economy performed robustly till 2007, but the US crisis spread over to Europe
in early 2008, and its impact was felt in the Asia-Pacific region by mid-2008.

India has the highest number of retail outlets in the world at over 13 million
retail outlets, and the average size of one store is 50-100 square feet. It also has
the highest number of outlets (11,903) per million inhabitants. The per capita

1


18
retail space in India is among the lowest in the world, though the per capita
retail store is the highest. Majority of these stores are located in rural areas.
Retail formats in India:

Hyper marts/supermarkets: large self-servicing outlets offering products
from a variety of categories.
Mom-and-pop stores: they are family owned business catering to small
sections; they are individually handled retail outlets and have a personal touch.
Departmental stores: are general retail merchandisers offering quality
products and services.
Convenience stores: are located in residential areas with slightly higher prices
goods due to the convenience offered.
Shopping malls: the biggest form of retail in India, malls offers customers a
mix of all types of products and services including entertainment and food
under a single roof.
E-trailers: are retailers providing online buying and selling of products and
services.
Discount stores: these are factory outlets that give discount on the MRP.
Vending: it is a relatively new entry, in the retail sector. Here beverages,
snacks and other small items can be bought via vending machine.
Category killers: small specialty stores that offer a variety of categories. They
are known as category killers as they focus on specific categories, such as
electronics and sporting goods. This is also known as Multi Brand Outlets or
MBO's.
Specialty stores: are retail chains dealing in specific categories and provide
deep assortment Mumbai's Crossword Book Store and RPG's Music World are
a couple of example.






19

Chapter: - 2
Major players of retailing industry in India
2

There are various major players in India retailing industry and there are
location at various cities in India
Ownership Brand Name Outlet type Location
RPG Spencers Supermarkets Across all major
cities
Hypermarkets
DFL (Joint venture with
DSP Merrill Lynch and
Rahejas)
Food World Supermarkets Chennai, Bangalore
and Hyderabad
Pantaloon Food Bazaar Supermarket Across all major
cities
Big Bazaar Hypermarket
Nilgiris Franchisee Pvt.
Ltd
Nilgiris Supermarkets Chennai, Bangalore,
Pondicherry and tier
two towns in Tamil
Nadu
The Trinethra Group Trinethra Supermarkets Major cities in
Andhra Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu
Fabmall India Pvt Ltd Fabmall Supermarkets Bangalore and
Chennai
Franchisee ownership
model regulated by
cooperative
Margin Free Discount stores Major cities in
Kerala, Tamil Nadu
and Karnataka
Food Express India Ltd Monday to Sunday,
Jumbo
Supermarkets
Hypermarkets
Bangalore

2
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol.2 Issue 1, January 2012, ISSN
2231 5780 , Data has been compiled from the website of different companies

20
Home Stores Pvt. Ltd. Sabka Bazaar Discount stores Delhi and adjoining
areas
Pyramid Retail Ltd. Trumart Supermarkets Maharashtra-
Mumbai
Trent (Tata Group) Star India Bazaar Hypermarkets Ahmedabad,
Mumbai
Spar- India Ltd. Spar Supermarkets Mumbai
Namdharis Group Namdharis Fresh Supermarkets Bangalore, Delhi
Adani Group Adanis Supermarkets Gujarat
Department of Food and
Public Distribution (Govt.
of India Coop.)
Super Bazaar Supermarkets Delhi
Department of Food and
Public Distribution (Govt.
of India Coop.)
Kendriya Bhandar Supermarkets Delhi
Vishal Mega Mart Food Mart Hyper Market Across all major
cities
Reliance India Ltd. Reliance Fresh Discount Stores Across all major
cities
Rei Agro Ltd. 6Ten Discount Stores North India








21

Chapter: - 3
Kind of Indian retail industry

The Indian retail industry is divided into organized and unorganized
sectors. The Indian retail sector is highly fragmented, with a major share of its
business is being run by unorganized retailers like the traditional family run
stores and corner stores. The organized retail however is at a very nascent
stage, though attempts are being made to increase its proportion bringing in a
huge opportunity for prospective new players.
There are two types of Retailing:
Organized Retailing
Unorganized Retailing

Organized Retailing
Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers,
that is, those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include
the corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the privately
owned large retail businesses.
Unorganized Retailing
Indian retail is dominated by a large number of small retailers consisting of the
local kirana shops, owner-manned general stores, chemists, footwear shops,
apparel shops, paan and beedi (local betel leaf and tobacco) shops, hand-cart
hawkers, pavement vendors, etc. which together make up the so-called
"unorganized retail" or traditional retail.


22

Difference between Organized Retailing & Unorganized Retailing
Organized Retailing Unorganized Retailing
Organized retailing refers to trading
activities undertaken by licensed retailers,
that is, those who are registered for sales
tax, income tax, etc
Unorganized retailing, on the other hand,
refers to the traditional formats of low-cost
retailing
There are include the corporate-backed
hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the
privately owned large retail businesses.
There are include the local kirana shops,
owner-manned general stores, chemists,
footwear shops, apparel shops, paan and
beedi (local betel leaf and tobacco) shops,
hand-cart hawkers, pavement vendors, etc
Multi storied malls and huge complexes
that offer a large variety of products in
terms of quality, value for money and
makes shopping a memorable experience.
Low cost retailing. These are highly
competitive outlets, with negligible rental
costs (unregistered kiosks or traditional
property), cheap workers (work is shared by
members of family) and low taxes and
overheads.
The ownership and management rest with
two or more person.
The ownership and management rest with
one person only
The organized stores are not having number
of options to cut their costs
The unorganized stores are having number
of options to cut their costs
The customers are want to change in
many shopping malls.
This is one of the good reasons which
the customer doesn't want to change
their old loyal kirana shop.


23

ORGANISED RETAILING
Organized retailing comprises mainly of modern retailing with busy shopping
malls, multi storied malls and huge complexes that offer a large variety of
products in terms of quality, value for money and makes shopping a
memorable experience.


Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed
retailers, that is, those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These
include the corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the
privately owned large retail businesses.
According to AT Kearney report for the year 2011, organized retail
accounts for 7 per cent of India's roughly US$ 435 billion retail market and is
expected to reach 20 per cent by 2020.Food accounts for 70 per cent of under-
penetrated by organized retail. Organized retail has a 31 per cent share in
clothing and apparel and continues to see growth in this sector. The home

24
segment shows promise, growing 20 to 30 per cent per year. India's more
urban consumer mind-set means this sector is poised for growth. Indian retail,
but it remains.
Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed
retailers, i.e. those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These
include the corporate backed hypermarkets and retail chains and also the
privately owned large retail businesses.

(Table no. 2 =Top 10 Retailers Worldwide)
3

Rank Retailer Home country
1 Wal-mart store ,inc. USA
2 Carrefoer Group France
3 The Home Depot, Inc. USA
4 The Kroger co. USA
5 Royal Ahold Netherlands
6 Metro AG Germany
7 Target corporation USA
8 Alertson`s, inc. USA
9 Sear,roebuck and co. USA
10 Kmart corporation USA






3


25
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1
45.6
37.8
18.9
12.6
10.6
10.4
9.1
6.9
4.1
2.8
2.6
0.8
P
E
R
C
E
N
T
A
G
E

DIFFERENT RETAIL SECTOR
ORGNASING RETAILING
Watches Footwear
Clothing, textiles, & fashion accessories Books, music, gifts
Health & beauty care services Consumer durables, home appliances
Furnishings, furniture home & office, utensils Catering services
Entertainment Jewellery
Pharma other
Different categories of organizing retail sector
4







4


26
CHALLENGES TO RETAIL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Organized retail in India is little over a decade old. It is largely an urban
phenomenon and the pace of growth is still slow. Some of the reasons for this
slow growth are: -
The Kiranas Continue
The very first challenge facing the organized retail industry in India is competition
from the unorganized sector. Traditionally retailing has established in India for
centuries. It is a low cost structure, mostly owner operated, has negligible real
estate and labor costs and little or no taxes to pay. Consumer familiarity that runs
from generation to generation is one big advantage for the traditional retailing
sector.
On the other hand, organized sector have big expenses to meet and yet have to
keep prices low enough to compete with the traditional sector.
Retail not being recogning as an industry in India
Lack of recognition as an industry hampers the availability of finance to the
existing and new players. This affects growth and expansion plans.
The High cost of Real estate
Real estate prices in some cities in India are amongst the highest in the world. The
lease or rent of property is one of the major areas of expenditure; a high lease
rental reduces the profitability of a project.
High Stamp duties
In addition to the high cost of real estate the sector also faces very high stamp
duties on transfer of property, which varies from state to state (12.5% in
Gujarat and 8% in Delhi). The problem is compounded by problems of clear
titles to ownership, while at the same time land use conversion is time
consuming and complex as is the legal process for settling of property
disputes.
Lack of adequate infrastructure
Poor roads and the lack of a cold chain infrastructure hampers the
development of food and grocery retail in India. The existing supermarkets

27
and foods retailers have to invest a substantial amount of money and time in
building a cold chain network.
Multiple and complex taxation system
The sales tax rates vary from state to state, while organized players have to
face a multiple point control and system there is considerable sales tax evasion
by small stores. In many locations, retailers have to face a multi-point octroi
with the introduction of value Added Tax (VAT) in 2005, certain anomalies in
the existing sales tax system causing disruption in the supply chain are likely
to get corrected over a period of time.
There is price war between different retail organizations. Each and every one
is saying to provide goods at low cost and offers various promotional schemes.
In such a case it is difficult to keep ones customers with oneself.























28

OPPORTUNITIES TO RETAIL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Retail marketing gets various opportunities to grow up in the Indian
market. Not only retailing but Manufacturers as well as suppliers, and buyers
have various opportunities, some of which are mentioned below
What is in store
Organized retail provides brands much needed visibility and platform for
customer interaction. It also helps in launching of new product or product
variant and in market penetration. It has wider product range and more
frequent, speedier deliveries.
Urbanization
Increased urbanization has shifted consumers to one place and thus a single
retail can catch more customers.
Nuclear family
As the time passed away joint families came in a new form i.e. nuclear family.
Again the income level of these nuclear families increases because both
members started earning. This results into increased power of purchase and
lack of time. Now they want everything under one roof. This brought the
concept of organized retailing.
Plastic revolution
Increased use of credit cards is in favour of retail marketing. It creates
requirement even when it is not necessary.
Jo Dikata Hai Woh Bikta Hai
Organized retail stores put stress on proper infrastructure like well-maintained
building, air conditioning, trained employees, electronic machine, parking
facilities and proper display of goods category wise. Here customers feel
comfort, joy and entertainment. Purchasing becomes joy for him. Self-
selection saves time and gives more opportunities and satisfaction. Fix cost
removes the threat of misleading. They avail various discounts and

29
promotional schemes presented by the manufacturers. They also get product of
different varieties and of proper quality.
Employment
Retail marketing is one of the largest employments generating industry. It
provides employment to skilled, semi-skilled as well as to unskilled persons.
Thus it helps in the socio- economic development of the society.
Price war
Increase in the no of retail outlets increases competition among these retailers.
To attract customers they give various promotional schemes as various
discounts, buy one get one free, another product with any particular product,
festival special, etc.
Contract farming
The retail marketers directly purchase from farmers and reducing middlemen,
thus provide proper cost to farmers and also set proper price for consumers.
They also make contract with farmers to get proper amount of crops and
vegetables.
Reduces supply chain management
The big players of retail marketing and the manufacturing companies directly
come in contact thus reducing many intermediary chains. Manufacturers also
give many promotional schemes for their product that is beneficial for
consumers.









30
UNORGANISED RETAILING

Traditional or Unorganized retail outlets are normally street markets,
counter stores, kiosks and vendors, where the ownership and management rest
with one person only. This sector accounts for two thirds of the market and
requires low skilled labor. These are highly competitive outlets, with
negligible rental costs (unregistered kiosks or traditional property), cheap
workers (work is shared by members of family) and low taxes and overheads.


Indian retail is dominated by a large number of small retailers
consisting of the local kirana shops, owner-manned general stores, chemists,
footwear shops, apparel shops, paan and beedi(local betel leaf and tobacco)
shops, hand-cart hawkers, pavement vendors, etc. which together make up the
so-called unorganized retail" or traditional retail. The last few years have
witnessed the entry of a number of organized retailers opening stores in
various modern formats in metros and other important cities. Unorganized

31
retailers normally do not pay taxes and most of them are not even registered
for sales tax, VAT, or income tax.
Unorganized retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional
formats of low-cost retailing, for example, hand cart and pavement vendors, &
mobile vendors, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan/
beedi shops, convenience stores, hardware shop at the corner of your street
selling everything from bathroom fittings to paints and small construction
tools; or the slightly more organized medical store and a host of other small
retail businesses in apparel, electronics, food etc.

















32
The reasons might be obtain by unorganised retailing:-

In smaller towns and urban areas, there are many families who are traditionally
using these kirana shops/ mom and pop stores offering a wide range of
merchandise mix. Generally these kirana shops are the family business of
these small retailers which they are running for more than one generation.
These kirana shops are having their own efficient management system and
with this they are efficiently fulfilling the needs of the customer. This is one of
the good reasons why the customer doesn't want to change their old loyal
kirana shop.
A large number of working class in India is working as daily wage basis, at the
end of the day when they get their wage, they come to this small retail shop to
purchase wheat flour, rice etc. for their supper. For them this the only place to
have those food items because purchase quantity is so small that no big retail
store would entertain this.
Similarly there is another consumer class who are the seasonal worker. During
their unemployment period they use to purchase from this kirana store in credit
and when they get their salary they clear their dues. Now this type of credit
facility is not available in corporate retail store, so this kirana stores are the
only place for them to fulfill their needs.
Another reason might be the proximity of the store. It is the convenience store
for the customer. In every corner the street an unorganized retail shop can be
found that is hardly a walking distance from the customer's house. Many times
customers prefer to shop from the nearby kirana shop rather than to drive a
long distance organized retail stores.
This unorganized stores are having number of options to cut their costs. They
incur little to no real-estate costs because they generally operate from their
residences.




33
Chapter: - 4
Growth of Indian Retail industry

An increasing number of people in India are turning to the services sector for
employment due to the relative low compensation offered by the traditional
agriculture and manufacturing sectors.
The organized retail market is growing at 3.5 percent annually while growth of
unorganized retail sector is pegged at 6 percent.
The Retail Business in India is currently at the point of inflection. Rapid
change with investments to the tune of US $ 25 billion is being planned by
several Indian and multinational companies in the next 5 years.
It is a huge industry in terms of size and according to management consulting
firm Techno Park Advisors Pvt. Ltd., it is valued at about US $ 350 billion.
Organized retail is expected to garner about 16-18 percent of the total retail
market (US $ 65-75 billion) in the next 5 years.
According to the tenth report of GRDI of AT Kearney, India is having a very
favourable retail environment and it is placed at 4th spot in the GRDI.
The main reasons behind that is the 9% real GDP growth in 2010, forecasted
yearly growth of 8.7% through 2016, high saving and investment rate and
increased consumer spending.
According to report, organized retail accounts for 7% of Indias roughly $435
billion retail market and is expected to reach 20% by 2020. Food accounts for
70% of Indian retail, but it remains under penetrated by organized retail.
Organized retail has a 31% share in clothing and apparel and continues to see
growth in this sector.
A report by Boston Consulting Group has revealed that the countrys
organized retail is estimated at US $ 28 billion with around 7% penetration.
It is projected to become a US $ 260 billion business over the net decade with
around 21% penetration.

34
The analysts believe that the sector is likely to show significant growth of over
9% over the next ten years and also see rapid development in organized retail
format with proportion likely to reach more respectable 25%by 2018.
The BMI India Report for the first quarter of 2012 released forecasts that total
retail sales with growth from US $ 422.09 billion in 2011 to US $ 825.46
billion by 2015.
The report highlights strongly underlying economic growth, population
expansion, increasing disposable income and rapid emergence of organized
retail infrastructure as major factors behind the forecast growth.
According to department of Industry Policy and Promotion Cumulative, FDI
inflows in single brand retail trading stood at US$ 44.45 million during April
2000 to September 2011.
Indian retail sector is wearing new clothes and with a three year compounded
annual growth rate of 46-64%, retail is the fastest growing sector in the Indian
economy.
The sector is the second largest employer after agriculture, employing more
than 35 million people with wholesale trade generating an additional
employment to 5.5 million crore. The enormous growth of retail industry has
created a huge demand for real estate. Property developers are creating retail
real estate at an aggressive pace.
According to report titled India Organized Retail Market 2010, published by
Knight Frank, during 2010- 12,around 55 million square feet of retail space
will be ready in Mumbai, NCR, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and
Pune.
Besides between 2010 and 2012 the organized retail real estate will be grown
from existing 41 million square feet to 95 million square feet.
The total no. of shopping mall is expected to expand at CAGR of 18.9% by
2015.
Hypermarket, currently accounting for 14% of mall space is expected to
witness high growth.
Industry experts predict that the next phase of growth in the retail sector will
emerge from the rural market.
By 2012, the rural retail market is projected to have a total of more than 50%
market share.

35
India's retail market is expected to be worth about US$ 410 billion, with 5 per
cent of sales through organised retail, meaning that the opportunity in India
remains immense.
Retail should continue to grow rapidlyup to US$ 535 billion in 2013, with
10 per cent coming from organised retail, reflecting a fast-growing middle
class, demanding higher quality shopping environments and stronger brands,
according to the report Expanding Opportunities for Global





















36














37




Chapter 4:-
INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY

Literature Review
Background of the Study
Objectives of the Study










38
4.1 :- Literature Reviews

According to Dholakia (1999),
i
the rationale for shopping is making physical
visits to a shopping site. It is considered as a household task as well as a form
of recreation, relaxation and entertainment. Shopping is also considered to
have the most positive attribute of being a leisure activity along with work
(Dholakia, 1999).
Sinha & Banerjee (2004)
ii
studied the drivers of store choice in various
product categories, in the context of evolving retail industry in India and found
that the distinct store features as perceived by respondents with true
motivations of various consumers in patronizing various stores. Study suggests
that consumers of Indian unorganized retail market do not require the service
paraphernalia offered by many retailers. Store environment plays a vital role
for store patronage and repeat purchases which includes convenience, value
for money products, etc.
Backstrom & Johansson (2006)
iii
studied factors that influence consumers'
in-store experiences. In-store experiences are constituted by traditional values
such as the behavior of the personnel, a satisfactory selection of products,
price and a layout that facilitates the store visit.
Terblanche & Boshoff (2006)
iv
suggested that retailers will have to accept
that it is not only what they are marketing but also how it is done. The personal
(face-to-face) interaction between retail staff and shoppers is of critical
importance.
Kalhan (2007)
v
studies the impact of organized retail on unorganized retail
shops. Major findings reveal that 70 % of unorganized retailers reported
falling sales. This fall in sales is due to superior shopping environment,
convenience, availability of variety, ambience of shop, and availability of
parking space and perception of quality of products sold in organized retail
setup.
Goswami (2008)
vi
studied the shopping experiences in kirana stores and in
modern stores. The major findings suggest Kirana stores to improve or to
enrich shopping experiences. Kiranas also have to stay alert, try to upgrade

39
and have to improve on service quality while concentrating on innovation and
efficiency.
Das & Kumar (2009)
vii
studied the impact of sales promotion on consumers
shopping experiences. A major finding reveals that keeping product
satisfaction constant, sales can be improved by enhancing shopping experience
which includes convenience of shopping, ease of locating products, easy check
in and checkouts, customer friendly sales people and customer friendly
policies. Secondly finding reveals that purchase decision for the same product
under same promotion at different stores may vary because difference in
shopping experiences provided by different stores. Further this study shows
that promotion plays a limited role on consumers buying behavior where only
small percentage of people are attracted to such sales promotion and wait for
it. Study lastly emphasizes on the importance of shopping experience (ease of
shopping, parking space, convenience etc.) for positively impacting consumer
buying behavior.
Goswami & Mishra (2009)
viii
seek to understand whether Indian consumers
are likely to move from traditional Kirana stores to large organized retailers
while shopping for groceries. The research finding reveals that customer
patronage to grocery stores was found to be positively related to location,
helpful, trustworthy salespeople, and home shopping, cleanliness, and offers,
quality and negatively related to travel convenience. Kiranas do well on
location but poorly on cleanliness, offers, quality, and helpful trustworthy
salespeople. The converse is true for organized retailers. Study also finds that
Kiranas have major disadvantages on all customer perception scores except
location. These scores being less important determinants of patronage
compared with location, in the short run kiranas may not be ousted out of
customers' flavor. However, in the long run if they do not work on these other
factors, they would face oblivion. Kiranas need to upgrade their facilities to be
able to compete with the organized retailers to provide consumers better
shopping experiences, whereas organized retailers which are expected to
improve their location scores rapidly in the near future will grow rapidly.
Inside store (2009)
ix
studied the shopping experiences at traditional Indian
retail stores. Major findings reveal that 70% of purchases are made at the point
of purchase, so store environment can impact the 70% of purchases which is

40
one of the important constituent of shopping experience in unorganized retail
setup.
Mittal and Parashar (2010)
x
explained that irrespective of area, people prefer
grocery stores to be nearby, product assortment is important for grocery.
Ghosh & Srivastava (2010) in his research found that service quality has
become vital for service firms to pay attention due to increased competition.
Sivaraman (2010)
xi
analyzed customer attitude toward unorganized retailers
on the attributes of store image, range of products, brand choices, price, store
ambience, credit availability, shop proximity and complements. However there
were no perceived difference on product freshness and customer care. This
study clearly point out that the unorganized retailers are facing stiff
competition from the organized retailers. This has reduced their sales, profit,
and employment considerably. The operational cost, consumer credit also
increased due to the presence of organized retailers.
Kumar (2011)
xii
studied on the strategies of unorganized retailers with
reference to consumer durables and found that a product strategy which means
merchandise is the most important factor followed by price, distribution and
promotion.
Kushwaha (2011)
xiii
compared the perception of consumers in organized and
unorganized retail market and found that factors like cleanliness, distance,
price, quality, safety and space for shopping are the determinant factors for
unorganized retail.
Purohit and Kavita (2013) according to their studies that the traditional
retailers are not very much clear about the consequences of the modern
retailing the traditional retailers are neutral or undecided, modern retailing will
cut the profit margin of the traditional retailers; the modern retailing will lead
healthy competition in the market, modern retailing will reduce the sales
volume of the traditional retailers and traditional retailers should improve
customer care services in the era of modern retailing.
Shaoni Shabnam (2013): It is important to highlight that in organized retail,
the status of employment is much better than that in unorganized retail. Hence
it is definitely desirable that more and more labor gets absorbed in this sector
of retail. In the current context, the labor employed in unorganized retail

41
stands unfit for finding employment in organized retail. If appropriate training
and skills could be imparted to them, it is possibly feasible to offer better
forms of employment to them in the organized retail sector. The status of
employment is much better than that in unorganized retail. Hence it is
definitely desirable that more and more labor gets absorbed in this sector of
retail. In the current context, the labor employed in unorganized retail stands
unfit for finding employment in organized retail. If appropriate training and
skills could be imparted to them, it is possibly feasible to offer better forms of
employment to them in the organized retail sector.
Meeta Punjabi (2013): According to their study they suggest that the
development efforts in this area are based on three grounds: First, farmers
associated with the modern value chains earn higher returns than selling to the
traditional markets. Second, the modern supply chains have specific quality
requirements which are easier to meet by the large and medium farmers and
the small farmers tend to get left out of these markets. Third, there are several
successful examples of linking small farmers to these modern value chains
with effort from government agencies, NGOs and development agencies. This
knowledge presents strong grounds for a closer look at the emerging sector in
India.
Mathew Joseph (2013): Unorganized retailers in the vicinity of organized
retailers experienced a decline in their volume of business and profit in the
initial years after the entry of large organized retailers. The adverse impact on
sales and profit weakens over time. There was no evidence of a decline in
overall employment in the unorganized sector as a result of the entry of
organized retailers. There is some decline in employment in the North and
West regions which, however, also weakens over time. The rate of closure of
unorganized retail shops in gross terms is found to be 4.2% per annum which
is much lower than the international rate of closure of small businesses. The
rate of closure on account of competition from organized retail is lower still at
1.7% per annum. There is competitive response from traditional retailers
through improved business practices and technology up gradation. A majority
of unorganized retailers is keen to stay in the business and compete, while also
wanting the next generation to continue likewise. Small retailers have been
extending more credit to attract and retain customers.

42


4.2 :- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Indian Retail Industry is the fifth largest in the world. Comprising
of organized and unorganized sectors, Indian retail industry is one of the
fastest growing industries in India, especially over the last few years. Though
initially the retail industry in India was mostly unorganized, however with the
change of taste and preferences of consumers, the Industry is getting more
popular these days and getting organized as well. The Indian Retail Industry is
expected to grow from US$330 billion in 2007 to US$640 billion by 2015.
According to the 10th Annual Global Retail Development Index
(GRDI) of A.T. Kearney, India is having a very strong growth fundamental
base thats why its the perfect time to enter into Indian Retail Market. Indian
Retail Market accounts for 22% of countrys GDP and it contributes to 8% of
the total employment. The total retail spending is estimated to double in the
next five years. Of this, organized retail currently growing at a CAGR of
22%- is estimated to be 21% of total expenditure. The unorganized retail
sector is expected to grow at about 10% per annum with sales expected to rise
from $309 billion in 2006-07 to $496 billion in 2011-12. This paper focused
on changing face of Retail Industry, organized or unorganized retail industry,
major players in retail industry and also highlights the challenges faced by the
industry in near future.
Indian Retail Industry
Indias Retailing Boom has acquired further momentum, dynamism
and vibrancy with international players experimenting in the Indian market
and the countrys existing giants taking bold innovative steps to woo the
consumer. At the same time, the early entrants are redefining their strategies to
stay competitive and suit the new market landscape.

43
The next few years are liking to witness rapid growth in the organized
retailing sector with several leading international players establishing their
presence in India by adjusting their formats to suit local tastes and buying
behaviour while regional players have stepped up their defences and are
striving to gain edge over global players by using their knowledge of local
markets. Clearly the next wave of the retail boom is upon us. Retailing is one
of the pillars of the economy in India. Over the past few years, the retail sale in
India is hovering around 33-35% of GDP as compare to 20% in the US.
The Indian retail industry is the fifth largest in the world. Comprising
of organized and unorganized sectors, Indian retail industry is one of the
fastest growing industries in India, especially over the last few years. Though
initially, the retail industry in India was mostly unorganized, however with the
tastes and preferences of the consumers, the industry is getting more popular
these days and getting organized as well. Now with growing market demand,
the industry is expected to grow at pace of 25-30% annually.
The Indian retail industry is currently growing at a great pace and is
expected to go up to US $ 833 billion by the year 2013. In the last four years
consumer spending in India has climbed up to 75%. In India though, organized
retail accounts for app. 5-6% of total retail revenues, however, with a young
population, increasing disposable income, changing life styles and a robust
economy India is set to emerge as one of the fastest growing organized retail
markets in the world.
Retailing is one of the biggest sectors and it is witnessing revolution in
India. The new entrant in retailing in India signifies the beginning of retail
revolution. India's retail market is expected to grow tremendously in next few
years. According to AT Kearney, The Windows of Opportunity shows that
Retailing in India was at opening stage in 1995 and now it is in peaking stage
in 2006. The origins of retailing in India can be traced back to the emergence
of Kirana stores and mom-and-pop stores. These stores used to cater to the
local people. Eventually the government supported the rural retail and many
indigenous franchise stores came up with the help of Khadi & Village
Industries Commission. The economy began to open up in the 1980s resulting
in the change of retailing. The first few companies to come up with retail

44
chains were in textile sector, for example, Bombay Dyeing, S Kumar's,
Raymonds, etc. Later Titan launched retail showrooms in the organized retail
sector. With the passage of time new entrants moved on from manufacturing to
pure retailing.
Retail outlets such as Food world in FMCG, Planet M and Music world
in Music, Crossword in books entered the market before 1995. Shopping malls
emerged in the urban areas giving a world-class experience to the customers.
Eventually hypermarkets and supermarkets emerged. The evolution of the
sector includes the continuous improvement in the supply chain management,
distribution channels, technology, back-end operations, etc. this would finally
lead to more of consolidation, mergers and acquisitions and huge investments.
India's retail market is expected to grow tremendously in next few years. India
shows US$330 billion retail market that is expected to grow 10% a year, with
modern retailing just beginning.
In India, the most of the retail sector is unorganized. The main
challenge facing the organized sector is the competition from unorganized
sector. Unorganized retailing has been there in India for centuries. The main
advantage in unorganized retailing is consumer familiarity that runs from
generation to generation. It is a low cost structure; they are mostly operated by
owners, have very low real estate and labor costs and have low taxes to pay.
Organized retail business in India is very small but has tremendous scope.

Customer Attribute affecting choice of format

45

Challenges Faced by the Retail Industry:

International Standards:
Even though India has well over 5 million retail outlets of different sizes and
styles, it still has a long way to go before it can truly have a retail industry at
par with International standards. This is where Indian companies and
International brands have a huge role to play.
Inefficient supply chain management:
Indian retailing is still dominated by the unorganized sector and there is still a
lack of efficient supply chain management. India must concentrate on
improving the supply chain management, which in turn would bring down
inventory cost, which can then be passed on to the consumer in the form of
low pricing.
Lack of Retail space:
Most of the retail outlets in India have outlets that are less than 500 square feet
in area. This is very small by International Standards.
Cultural Diversity:
India's huge size and socio economic and cultural diversity means there is no
established model or consumption pattern throughout the country.

46
Manufacturers and retailers will have to devise strategies for different sectors
and segments which by itself would be challenging.
Real estate issues:
The enormous growth of the retail industry has created a huge demand for real
estate. Property developers are creating retail real estate at an aggressive pace.
With over 1,000 hypermarkets and 3,000 supermarkets projected to come up
by 2011, India will need additional retail space of 700,000,000 sq. ft.
(65,000,000 m2) as compared to today.
Human resource problems:
Trained manpower shortage is a challenge facing the organized retail sector in
India. The Indian retailers have difficulty in finding trained person and also
have to pay more in order to retain them. This again brings down the Indian
retailers profit levels.


Frauds in Retail:
It is one of the primary challenges the companies would have to face. Frauds,
including vendor frauds, thefts, shoplifting and inaccuracy in supervision and
administration are the challenges that are difficult to handle. This is so even
after the use of security techniques, such as CCTVs and POS systems. As the
size of the sector would increase, this would increase the number of thefts,
frauds and discrepancies in the system.
Challenges with Infrastructure and Logistics:
The lack of proper infrastructure and distribution channels in the country
results in inefficient processes. This is a major hindrance for retailers as a non-
efficient distribution channel is very difficult to handle and can result in huge
losses. Infrastructure does not have a strong base in India. Urbanization and
globalization are compelling companies to develop infrastructure facilities.
Transportation, including railway systems, has to be more efficient. Highways
have to meet global standards. Airport capacities and power supply have to be
enhanced. Warehouse facilities and timely distribution are other areas of
challenge. To fully utilize India's potential in retail sector, these major
obstacles have to be removed.

47








SWOT Analysis of Retail Sector:
1. Strengths:
Major contribution to GDP
High Growth Rate:
High Potential:
High Employment Generator:
2. Weaknesses (limitation):
Lack of Competitors
Highly Unorganized
Low Productivity
Shortage of Talented Professionals
No Industry status,
3. Opportunities (benefits):
Healthy Competition will be boosted and there will be a check on the
prices (inflation).

48
Create transparency in the system.
Intermediaries and mandi system will be evicted, hence directly
benefiting the farmers and producers.
Quality Control and Control over Leakage and Wastage.
Heavy flow of capital will help in building up the infrastructure for
the growing population.
There will be sustainable development and many other economic
issues will be focused upon.
4. Threats:
Current Independent Stores will be compelled to close
Big players can knock-out competition.
India does not need foreign retailers.
Remember East India Company it entered India as trader and then
took over politically.
The government hasnt able to build consensus.

In view of the above analysis, if we try to balance opportunities and prospects
attached to the given economic reforms, it will definitely cause good to Indian
economy and consequently to public at large, if once implemented. Thus the
period for which we delay these reforms will be loss for government only, since
majority of the public is in favour of reforms. All the above mentioned
drawbacks are mostly politically created. With the implementation of this policy
all stakeholders will benefit whether it is consumer through quality products at
low price, farmers through more transparency in trading or Indian corporates
with 49% profit share remaining with Indian companies only.




49








4.3 :- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The following are the objectives of the Study:-

Indian retailers are providing creditworthiness to their customers and also
providing good relation to their customers while the organized retailers are
good space for visiting and parking.
To study the strategy using by Organized and Unorganized sector to survive in
this competitive market.
To present the future constraints of retail sector in Ahmedabad city.
The aim of the study is to identify the factors affecting consumer preference
related to shopping at organized retail store and unorganized retail stores.
To identify the reason for people select unorganized retailing for shopping
(local market).
To know about the selling technique through which the consumer are attracted
towards the organized retails (shopping malls) products & services.

50
To know about the situation for present retailing industry in Ahmedabad city.
To find out Does Festival seasons advertising has any impact in the minds of
consumers.
To understand the nature of merchandise budgeting and unit planning.
To understand the concept of relationship marketing and how does it apply to
the Organized retail and unorganized retail sector.
To find out, what attributes consumers are looking for in retailing product,





Significance of Study

The following are the Significances of the Study:-

This study report will help to Retailing Companies in improving their selling
strategy
The report contains the suggestions and findings of the product of the
company which will help them to improve their quality of the product.
The study work did on the basis of the retailer viewpoints which will help the
company to understand the customer needs, requirement, perception and many
more things.
The reports conclusion and suggestion will help the companies to understand
the coverage of the market with the use of sales strategy and also provide the
idea to the company in findings the necessary field where the product is highly
demanding.

51
This report will help to the society or in commercial sector who wants to go
for research work in future on Retailing industry.












Aspect that put consumers off


52












Chapter: - 5

53
Research methodology

Research design
Sampling Procedure
Sample location
Sampling Method
Sample Size
Data collection
Data collection instrument










5.1 Research design

54
Research design is a one kind of framework or blueprint upon which whole
process going on. In this we have to clearly define that which method of the
research we have to follow. It may be based on the judgment or situational
objectives.
A research design specifies that method and procedures for conducting a
particular study. The researcher should specify the approach be intends to use
with respect to the proposed study broadly speaking research can be groped in
to three categories.
i. Exploratory (ambiguous problem),
ii. Descriptive (aware of problem),
iii. Explanatory (clearly defined problem).
Exploratory Research Design
An exploratory research design focuses on the discovery of ideas and is
generally based on secondary data.
Descriptive Research Design
A descriptive study is undertaken when the researcher want to know
the characteristics of certain group such as age, sex, income, education
level etc.
Explanatory Research Design
A casual researcher is under taken when the researcher is interested
knowing a cause and effect relationship between two or more variables.

5.2 Sampling Procedure
For collecting the data from the population I have used simple random
sampling method to get the sample from the population. This enables us to
make the study easy and create fewer disturbances, and study work can be
completed in the less time.

5.3 Sample location

55
I am choosing different areas of Ahmedabad city for the research to be carried
out.
5.4 Sampling Method
Any organization whether big or small, private or public need different types
of information are to know its popularity. I have gathered secondary data and
primary data and collected information from the combination of these two
data.
Secondary data:-
Secondary data consist of information that already exists
somewhere, having been collected for another purpose. I have
gathered secondary data from website of different operators,
different magazines, newspapers and libraries.
Primary data:-
I have taken great care while collecting primary data to answer that
it is relevant, accurate, current and unbiased. I have taken a sample
of 200 people. I have visited them personally to get data.

5.5 Sample Size:
Sample size is to be taken to make the study easy in a shorter Time, period in
less and effective timing two hundred questionnaires are to be taken for
gathering the Information from the population of the Ahmedabad. The sample
size taken in this study is 384 and the data are gathered through questionnaire.




5.6 Data collection

56
Data collection is one of the important tasks in research on the basis of
collected data analysis is done upon which Take effective decision. For
collecting the data various types of Instruments are used like, questionnaire,
telephone interview, Mail interview, here in this study we are using
questionnaire.
Types of data used in data collection
Primary data
Preparing a Questionnaire is collecting the primary source of data & it
was collected by interviewing the investors. These are the data which
are not collected before by any of the competent person. This are the
data collected by the researcher himself for the study purpose
Secondary data
These are the data which already exist. For having the detailed study
about this topic, it is necessary to have some of the secondary
information, which is collected from the following:-
Books.
Magazines & Journals.
Websites.
Newspapers,
Ebscohost, etc.
In this study I have used Questionnaire for the primary data collection
and for secondary data collection I have used internet, magazines, reference
books and articles which are necessary for my project completion

5.7 Data collection instrument
To come at the particular result we have to collect the data from the
respondents through various ways. In this report work I have used the
questionnaire to collect the data from the respondents.


57
SUMMRY OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Table: - Table shows the summary of Research Methodology






Research Type Quantitative Research
Research Design Descriptive Single cross sectional Conclusive
Research
Primary data source: Primary Retailers in Ahmedabad city
Secondary Sources: Reference Material, Books & e-Books, e-Magazine
& Newspapers, Websites
Data Collection Method Survey Method, personal visit, E- mail,
Population 400
Sampling Method Convenient non probability sampling
Sampling location Ahmedabad.
Sample size 384
Data Collection Instrument Structured Questionnaire

58
Objective behind the questionnaire:
Indentify the factors that affect the choice of format viz. organized/Unorganized
Retail.
The perception and attitude towards both formats.
The type of goods the customers prefer to purchase from each format.
Findings that help unorganized and unorganized retail gain its key strength and
weakness.
















59
Questionnaire

We are pursuing MBA at Gandhinagar Institute of Technology, approved by AICTE
and affiliated with Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad. As a part of our
comprehensive project Study, we have prepared a brief questionnaire. We are solicit your
help for the same. We assure you that the information provided by you will be used for
academic purposes only and will not be divulged to anybody.
Thanking you for your valuable time.
: Twinkle Kande , Kartik Koshti

Title: A Questionnaire on Study on changing consumer preference towards organized
retailing from un-organized retailing to Ahmedabad City
1. Are you a localite (based out of Ahmedabad) or are you from other place and
working here?
[ ] Based in Ahmedabad [ ] From other place
2. Do you prefer to Organized or Unorganized kirana shops for your purchase?
[ ] Organized Retail [ ] Unorganized Retail [ ] Depends/Not Fixed
3. How did you make your most recent purchase?
[ ] Online
[ ] By phone
[ ] By mail/catalogue
[ ] In-person/in-store
[ ] Through a dealer
[ ] Other (please specify) .



60
4. How would you rate organized retailing in term of?

Excellent Very good Average Fair Poor
Courtesy and Service:
Store Cleanliness:
Selection and Variety:
Produce Quality/Freshness:
Meat Quality/Freshness:
Dairy Quality/Freshness:
Bakery Quality/Freshness:
Regular Prices:

5. If you organized Retail, Which shop do you prefer?
[ ] D-Mart [ ] Big Bazar [ ] Food Bazar
[ ] Spinach [ ] Reliance Fresh [ ] Star Bazar
[ ] Apna Bazar [ ] Le Marche [ ] Subhiksha
[ ] Sarkari Bhandar [ ] Shoprite [ ] Foodland Garments
[ ] Shoppers Stop [ ] Lifestyle [ ] Globus
[ ] Hyper city [ ] National Handloom [ ] other
6. What do you shop, how often from where?
[Organized Retail: - o.r. Unorganized Retail: - U.R.]
Daily Weekly Bimonthly Monthly O.R. U.R.
Vegetables
Grocery(Dal Rice, Wheat)
FMCG(Biscuit, Detergent
,soaps)

Oil
Garments/Clothes
Utensils

61
7. Why do you prefer to go for Organized Retail formats?
[ ] Price is less [ ] Near house [ ] Everything at one place
[ ] Good Service [ ] Good Quality [ ] Ambience
[ ] Long Relationship [ ] Good Offers [ ] Large Variety
[ ] Aspiration [ ] Self Service [ ] Faster(take less time)
[ ] Overall experience
8. Kindly rate the below of an organized retail and unorganized retail based upon
your preference?
(1-poor, 5-best)

Parameter 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Price
Quality
Variety
Location
Service
Everything at one place
Offers
Relationship
Ambience
Home Delivery
Faster

9. What is your gender?
[ ] Male
[ ] Female

10. What is your age?
[ ] 18 as under
[ ] 19-35
[ ] 36-50
[ ] 50 or more


Organized Retail Un Organized Retail

62
11. What is your annual household income?
[ ] Under 25000 pm.
[ ] 25000-50000
[ ] 50000-75000
[ ] 75000-100000
[ ] 100000 or More

12. Kindly tell any other experience or factors you feel makes your Organized Retail
to Un Organized Retail

13. Do you plan to continue to buy organized/unorganized retail?
[ ] Yes [ ] No













63
Websites:
1. http://www.dnb.co.in/IndianRetailIndustry/issues.asp
2. http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1098&
context=jekem
3. http://web.yonsei.ac.kr/dslab/Journal/Journal%20of%20International%2
0Consumer%20Marketing%20%202011.pdf
4. http://www.abesit.in/pdfs/a-study-of-diversity-in-retail-purchases-
behaviour-in-food-prof-manish-kumar.pdf
5. http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol8-issue3/A0830105.pdf
6. http://indianresearchjournals.com/pdf/IJMFSMR/2013/June/7.pdf
7. http://www.abhinavjournal.com/images/Commerce_%26_Management/
Aug12/7.pdf
References:-

i
Dholakia, R. R. (1999). Going shopping: key determinants of shopping behaviour
and motivations. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management
Bradford, 27, 154165.
ii
Sinha, P. K. and Banerjee, A. (2004). Store choice behaviour in an evolving market.
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 32(10), 482- 494.
iii
Backstrom, K & Johansson, U (2006). Creating and consuming experiences in
retail store environments: Comparing retailer and consumer perspectives. Journal of
Retailing and Consumer Services, 13, 417430.
iv
Terblanche, N. S. and Boshoff, C. (2006). The relationship between a satisfactory
in-store shopping experience and retailer loyalty. South African Journal of Business
Management, 37(2), 33-43.
v
Kalhan, A. (2007). Impact of Malls on Small Shops and Hawkers. Economic
Political Weekly, 6, 2063-2066.

64

vi
Goswami, P. (2008). Would Kiranas in Urban India Survive the Modern Trade
Onslaught? Insight from Efficiency Perspective. Advances in Consumer
Research, 8(3), 44-67.
vii
Das, G. & Kumar, R. V. (2009). Impact of Sales Promotion on Buyers Behaviour:
An Empirical Study of Indian Retail Customers. Global Marketing Journal, 3(1), 11-
24.
viii
Goswami, P., Mridula, S. Mishra, (2009). Would Indian consumers move from
kirana stores to organized retailers when shopping for groceries? Asia Pacific Journal
of Marketing and Logistics, 21(1), 127 143.
ix
Inside store (2009). Unplanned Buying at Traditional Retail in India. A Research
Report Insight in store, Research report USA.
x
Mittal, K. C., Arora, M. and Parashar, A. (2011). An Empirical Study on factors
affecting consumer preferences of shopping at organized retail stores in Punjab. KAIM
journal of management and research, 3(2), 38-40.
xi
Sivaraman. P. (2010). The future of unorganized retailing in Kanya kumari district.
Asian Journal of Management Research, 2(1), 434 442.
xii
Kumar, K. S. (2011). A study on the strategies of unorganized retailers with
reference to consumer durables. International Journal of Business and Management
Tomorrow, 1(1), 1-13
xiii
Kushwaha, S. and Gupta, M. K. (2011). Customer perception in Indian retail
industry: A comparative study of organized and unorganized retail industry. Research
Journal of Economics and Business studies, 1(1), 61-73.