Meningitis and pneumonia were once dangerous and often deadly diseases, but modern medicine has developed effective treatments. Meningitis involves inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Bacterial meningitis requires antibiotic treatment. While pneumonia can have various causes, it commonly results from bacterial or viral infections in the lungs. With prompt treatment using antibiotics, most cases of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia can now be cured or resolved. Vaccines exist to help prevent certain types of these illnesses.
Meningitis and pneumonia were once dangerous and often deadly diseases, but modern medicine has developed effective treatments. Meningitis involves inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Bacterial meningitis requires antibiotic treatment. While pneumonia can have various causes, it commonly results from bacterial or viral infections in the lungs. With prompt treatment using antibiotics, most cases of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia can now be cured or resolved. Vaccines exist to help prevent certain types of these illnesses.
Meningitis and pneumonia were once dangerous and often deadly diseases, but modern medicine has developed effective treatments. Meningitis involves inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and can be caused by bacteria or viruses. Bacterial meningitis requires antibiotic treatment. While pneumonia can have various causes, it commonly results from bacterial or viral infections in the lungs. With prompt treatment using antibiotics, most cases of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia can now be cured or resolved. Vaccines exist to help prevent certain types of these illnesses.
Man and Des e a s e In the past meni ngi tis and pneumoni a were danger ous and frequent l y deadl y epidemi c des eas es . Nowdays man has found the way to deal with thos e deseas e s but they still pres ent the danger to peopl e, particul arl y in poor and undevel oped count ri es. Meni ngi t i s Cous e of des e a s e Meningitis is an inflammat i on of the lining surroundi ng the brain and spinal cord. This condition can be caus ed by sever al different organi s ms such as bact eri a and viruses. Viral meni ngi t i s is mor e common and usually occurs in the lat e Summer and early Fall. Somet i mes , abdomi nal discomfor t , chest pain, or a rash will be pres ent . The cent r al nervous syst e m may be involved with possibl e alt er at i on of conscious nes s or par al ysi s however, thes e mor e serious conditions are infrequent . Most cases of viral meni ngi tis run a short, unevent f ul cours e. Since this is a virus !li"e the common cold#, anti biotics are not effective. $i"ewise, persons who have had cont act with viral meni ngi tis pati ent s do not requir e any treat me nt . Bact e r i al meni ngi t i s is a rare diseas e, but can be very serious and requir es treat me nt with antibiotics. It can occur spor adi cally throughout the year. %ne form of bact eri al meni ngi tis is M&NIN'%(%(()$ M&NIN'ITIS. This form can caus e very big illness. It requir es early diagnosi s and treat me nt . *ntreat ed meni ngococcal infection can be fat al. Spread of the des e a s e )ppro+i mat el y ,- to ./- of the gener al popul ati on carry the meni ngococcal bact eri a in the nose and throat in a har ml es s st at e. This carrier st at e may last for days or mont hs and seems to give those individual s who harbor meni ngococcus in their upper respirat or y tract some prot ecti on from act ually devel opi ng the diseas e st at e. Meningi tis also affect s up to .0 per cent of )I1S pati ent s. 1uring epidemi cs of meni ngococcal meni ngi tis, the carrier rat e may approach 2,-, yet less than .- may devel op the diseas e. This low occurr ence of illness aft er e+posur e sugges t s that an individual 3 s heal t h st at us !the strengt h or wea"nes s of the immune syst em#, rat her than bact eri al factors, plays an import ant det er mi ni ng role. The annual occurr ence rat e of meni ngococcal diseas e in the *nited Stat es is st abl e at . to 0 per .//, ///. In Illinois, ther e is an aver age of .// cases per year which includes all age groups. )verage mort alit y rat es vary bet ween 4- and ./- with early recogni tion and treat me nt being the cruci al vari abl es. Deal i ng with des e a s e &arly diagnosi s is of critical import ance this group of sympt oms , particul arly the stiff nec"5which leads to pain on passive moveme nt s of the head5calls for urgent admi ssi on to hospi t al, wher e the bact eri al meni ngi tis will be effectivel y treat ed by early admi nist r at i on of anti biotics. Meningitis can be prevent ed. In cert ai n cases of meni ngi tis it may be wise to admi ni st er antibiotics to close cont act s of the case in order to help prevent further cases from occurring. 6hysicians in charge will decide who shoul d receive the prevent i ve antibiotics. The use of immuni7at i on agai nst 8)&M%68I$*S INF$*&N9)& Type : !8I:# has dramat i cally decr eas e d meni ngi tis due to this organi s m. )ll children shoul d receive the vaccinati on. In addition, cert ai n high; ris" children should also be immuni7ed agai nst ST<&6T%(%((*S 6N&*M%NI)&. Pneumoni a Cous e of des e a s e 6neumoni a is infection of the lung. It can be caus ed by bact eri a, viruses, parasi t es, and other organi s ms . Infectious pneumoni a usually is spread by inhal ation of infect ed particl es or by aspirati on. It rarely can spread through the blood strea m from anot her infect ed area of the body. Bact e r i al Pneumo ni a :efore the advent of anti biotics, the most common caus e of deat h in adult s was lobar pneumoni a, an acut e infection caus ed by the pneumococcus, a bact eri um formally "nown as Strept ococcus pneumoni ae. 6neumococcal lobar pneumoni a oft en occurs in wint er, aft er an acut e viral upper respirat or y infection. Viral Pneumo ni a can be caus ed by many different viruses, including thos e that caus e upper; respir at or y infections, such as the influen7a virus, adenovirus es, and rhinovirus es. Most cases of pneumoni a seen today are viral in origin they are usually mild and resolve spont aneousl y without specific treat me nt . Mycopl a s ma pne u mo ni a e is caus ed by , a tiny pro"aryotic organi s m !a single; celled organi s m that lac"s a distinct nucleus# that is neit her a bact eri um nor a virus. &pidemi cs of mycopl as ma pneumoni a occur in school s and in the military. The diseas e usually resolves spont aneousl y, but treat me nt with anti biotics can be helpful. Deal i ng with des e a s e 6rompt treat me nt with penicillin can cure pneumococcal pneumoni a within a few days. In .2== a vaccine that confers immuni t y agai nst the most virulent forms of pneumococcus was licens ed. It is now given mai nly to peopl e over the age of ,/ and to those with chronic heart , lung, or liver diseas e. Most forms of bact eri al pneumoni a can be effectivel y treat ed with anti biotics. ) vaccine is availabl e to prevent infection caus ed by a pneumococcal strai n of bact eri a. )n annual flu shot may be helpful in decr easi ng influen7a; trigger ed pneumoni as. >our doct or can provide the neces s ar y vaccines for you. %ther prevent at i ve meas ur es include good medical cont rol of other respirat or y and sinus probl ems, good hand washi ng, and not smo"ing. Sourc e s : (1; Microsoft &ncart a &ncyclopedi a Internet sites? htt p?@@www. meni ngi ti s. org@ htt p?@@"idheal t h. ur g@ par ent @ common@ me ni ngi ti s. ht ml
Health status of refugees and migrants in turkey: an evidence review of published scientific papers Daniele Mipatrini, Matteo Dembech, Sarp Uner, Samer Jabbour, Altin Malaj, Toker Erguder, Evis Kasapi, Pavel Ursu, Dorit Nitzan, Nedret Emiroglu