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Index

A
A/an, 2, 4, 70
vs. some, 71
Able to, 138, 149150
A couple of, 115
Adjectives (good, beautiful), defined, 8, 62, 152
vs. adverbs, 161
be
adjective, 8, 11, 62
comparative (-er/more), 171
following linking verbs, 160
list of, 62
possessive (my, his, our), 15, 165
superlative, 173, 175, 178
with very, 139
word order of, 154
Adverb clause, 126
Adverbs:
vs. adjectives, 161
in comparisons, 178
of frequency, 23, 25
A few, 115
A few/a little, 74
After, 103, 126
Ago, 86, 114115
Alike vs. like, 171
(Almost) all of, 156
A lot of, 69
Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,
rarely, never, 23, 25
Am, is, are:
am, is, are
-ing, 105
future, 111
negative, 7, 39, 41
in questions, 41
simple present, 4, 7, 1113
verb summary of, 121
And, 4
Any, 79
Anyone/anything, 159
Apostrophe, 163164
defined, 6 (SEE ALSO Contractions)
Articles (a, an, the), 2, 4, 70, 76, 78

182 INDEX

At:
for place, 10, 52, 141
for time, 47
B
Be:
be
adjective, 8, 11, 62
be
-ing, 36, 105
be
noun, 2, 45, 11
be
place, 1011, 13, 49
be
prepositional phrase, 10
contractions with, 6, 12, 1718, 49, 82
question forms with, 1213, 30, 33, 4041, 83
simple past (was, were), 8182, 120121
simple present (am, is, are), 4, 7, 1113,
120121
there
be, 4951
what/who
be, 18
where
be, 13, 33, 40
Be able to, 138, 149150
Before, 103, 126
Be going to, 111, 120121, 126, 128, 149150
But, 176177
C
Can, 149150
ability/possibility, 133, 138
can vs. cant, pronunciation, 134
in questions, 135, 147
Clauses, defined, 103
adverb, 126
future time, 126
with if, 127128
of time, 103104
with when, 104, 107
with while, 106107
Comma, 106, 126, 176
Comparatives (-er/more), 171, 178
Comparisons:
with adverbs, 178
but, 176177
-er/more, 171, 178

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-est/most, 173, 175, 178

like vs. alike, 171
same, similar, different, 169
Consonants, 2
Contractions, defined, 6
negative, 29, 89, 118, 133
with not (SEE Negatives)
in questions, 18
with will, 118
with would, 55
Contractions of be:
with not, 7, 12, 82
with pronouns, 6, 12
with question words, 18
in short answers, 12, 83
with that, 17
with there, 49
Could, 149150
past of can, 137
in polite questions, 147
Count/noncount nouns, 69, 7374, 78
D
Did:
in the negative, 89
in questions, 91, 100, 129
Different (from), 169
Do/does, 27
in the negative, 29, 41, 144
in questions, 3033, 41, 129
E
-Ed, 85
-Er/more, 171, 178
-Est/most, 173, 175, 178
Every, 22, 160
Everyone/everybody, 160
Expressions of quantity, 156157
F
Feminine pronouns, 5
Frequency adverbs, 23, 25
From . . . to, 47
Future time:
be going to, 111
clauses, 126
with if, 127128
future time words, 114116
summary of forms, 120121
using present progressive, 113
will, 118
G
Generalizations, 78
Go/Goes, 27

Going to, with be, 111, 120121, 126, 128,

149150
Good vs. will, 161
H
Habitual present, 22, 41, 128
Has to/have to, 144, 149150
Have/has, 14, 27
Hear and listen to, 43
Helping verbs, 29, 36, 149
How many, 51
I
I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 56, 64, 8182,
85, 89, 143
If-clause, 127
habitual present with, 128
Imperative sentences, 148
In:
for future time, 115
for place, 52, 141
for time, 47
Indefinite pronouns, 159
Infinitives, defined, 54
with be able, 138, 149150
with be going, 111, 120121, 126, 128,
149150
with have/has, 144, 149150
following verbs, 5455
Information questions, defined, 31
with be, 33, 83
with do/does/did, 3033, 91, 100
-Ing:
be
-ing, 36, 39
spelling, 38
Irregular noun plurals, 67
possessive form, 164
Irregular singular verbs (has, does, goes), 2728
Irregular verbs:
groups (17), 87, 9294, 101102
introduction, 27
list, 87
Is
noun, 2, 5, 1112
It:
for time, 46
for weather, 48
K
Know how to, 136
L
Last, 86, 114
Lets, 150
Like vs. alike, 171

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Like vs. would like, 56

Linking verbs, 160
M
Main clauses, 103
Many/much, 74
with how, 51
Masculine pronouns, 5
May, 149150
in polite questions, 147
possibility, 124
Maybe vs. may be, 125
Me, you, him, her, it, us, them, 64
Measurements with noncount nouns, 73
Might, 124, 149150
Mine, yours, his, hers, our, theirs, 165
Modal auxiliaries, 149150
More:
comparative, 171
in future time, 115
More/-er, 171
Most/-est, 173, 175, 178
Most of, 156
Must, 145, 149150
My, your, his, her, our, their, 15, 165
N
Need, 54
Negatives:
am/is/are
not, 7, 39, 111, 120121
can
not, 133
could
not, 137
did
not, 89
does/do
not, 29, 41, 148
may/might
not, 124
should
not, 143
was/were
not, 82
will
not, 118121
Next, 114
Nonaction verbs, 43
Noncount nouns, 69, 7374, 78
None of, 157
No one/nothing, 159
Not (SEE Negatives)
Nouns:
be
noun, 2, 45, 1112
count/noncount, 69, 7374, 78
irregular plural:
forms, 67
possessives, 164
modifying other nouns, 152
as object, 60
possessive, 163164
singular/plural, 2, 4, 65, 67
as subject, 11, 60

184 INDEX

O
Object pronouns, 64
Objects and subjects, 60
On:
for place, 52
for time, 47
One of, 157, 175

P
Past time:
with be, 81
clauses, 107
past progressive, 105107
past time words, 86, 114116
simple past, 85, 87, 89, 91, 97, 107,
120121
Period, 12
Please, 147148
Plural, defined, 4
Plural nouns, 45, 65, 67
Polite questions, 147
Possessive:
adjectives (my, his, our), 15, 165
nouns, 163164
pronouns, 165
Prepositional phrase, defined, 10
Prepositions:
followed by an object, 10, 52, 60, 103
in for future, 114115
list of, 10, 52
place, 1011, 13, 49, 52, 141
time, 47, 103, 114
Present progressive, 36, 105
negative, 39
in questions, 40
vs. simple present, 41
verbs not used in, 43
Present time, 22, 29
habitual present, 22, 41, 128
present progressive, 36, 4041, 43, 105,
113, 120
present time words, 116
simple present, 22, 3132, 41, 120121
with be, 4, 7, 1113
in if-clauses, 127128
negative, 29
question forms, 30
in time clauses, 126
Pronouns, defined, 5
feminine/masculine, 5
indefinite (someone, anything), 159
object (me, them), 64
possessive, 165
subject (I, they), 56, 64, 8182, 85, 89

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Pronunciation:
can/cant, 134
-s/-es, 26, 28
Punctuation:
apostrophe, 6, 163
comma, 106, 126, 176
period, 12
question mark, 12
Q
Quantity, expressions of, 156157
Question mark, 12
Questions:
with be, 1213, 30, 40, 83
with be
going to, 111, 120121
with can, 135
with could, 137, 147
with did, 91, 100
with do/does, 3033, 41, 144
information, 31
polite, 147
with there is/there are, 5051
about time, 97, 104
with whose, 166
with will, 119121
yes/no, 31 (SEE ALSO Question words;Yes/no
questions)
Question words, 18
how many, 51
what, 18, 33, 98, 100
what time, 3233, 97, 119
when, 3233, 97, 104, 119, 135
where, 13, 31, 40, 97, 119, 135
who, 18, 33, 98, 100
who(m), 100
why, 40, 97
S
-S/-es:
plural nouns, 45, 65
possessive nouns, 163
simple present verbs, 22, 28
spelling and pronunciation, 26, 28
Same, similar, different, 169
See, look at, watch, 43
Short answers, 12, 83, 91, 9798
Should, 143, 149150
vs. must, 145
Similar (to), 169
Simple past, 81, 85
irregular verbs, 87
vs. past progressive, 107
questions, 83, 91, 97
summary of forms, 120121

Simple present, 22, 28

with be, 4, 7, 1113
in if-clauses, 127
negative, 29
vs. present progressive, 41
present time words, 116
questions, 3032
summary of forms, 120121
in time clauses, 126
Singular nouns, 65
defined, 2
with pronouns, 5, 22
Some, 69
vs. a/an, 71
vs. any, 79
Some of, 156
Someone/something, 159
Spelling:
-ing, 38
-s/-es, 26, 28
Subject, defined, 11
Subject pronouns, 56, 64, 8182, 85, 89
Subjects and objects, 60
Subject-verb agreement, 156
Superlatives, (most, -est), 173, 175, 178
T
Tenses:
future, 111, 113116, 118, 126128
past progressive, 105107
present progressive, 36, 4041, 105,
113, 120
simple past, 81, 85, 87, 89, 91, 97, 107,
114116, 120121
simple present, 22, 29, 116, 120121
in time clauses, 126
Than, 171
The, 76, 78
The same as, 169
There is/there are, 49
in questions, 5051
These/those, 17
Think about and think that, 44
This morning/afternoon, etc., 116
This/that, 17
Time:
asking questions about, 97
clauses, 103104, 106, 126, 128
prepositions of, 47, 103, 114
present/past/future words, 114116
using it, 46
ways of saying, 47
(SEE ALSO Tenses)
Time clauses, 103104
To, 140 (SEE ALSO Infinitives)

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Today, tonight, this morning, etc., 116

Tomorrow, 114
Too, 139
Two vs. too vs. to, 140
V
Verbs:
agreement with subject, 156
after but, 177
helping, 29, 36
irregular, 27, 87, 9294, 101102
linking, 160
modal auxiliaries, 149150
not used in the present progressive, 43
tense summary, 120
forms of be, 121
(SEE ALSO Tenses and individual items)
Very, 139
Voiced and voiceless sounds, 28
W
Want, 54
Was/were, 8183, 105
Weather, talking about, 48
Well vs. good, 161
What, 18, 33, 40, 98, 100
What
a form of do, 33, 129
What time, 3233, 97, 119
When, 3233, 97, 104, 119, 126, 135
When-clause, 107
Where, 13, 31, 33, 40, 83, 97, 119, 135

186 INDEX

While, 106
Who, 18, 98, 100
Who(m), 100
Who vs. whose, 166
Why, 40, 97
Will, 118120, 149150
vs. may/might, 124
Would, 149150
in polite questions, 147
Would like, 55
vs. like, 56
Y
-Y, words that end in, 4, 28, 65
Yes/no questions:
with be going to, 111, 120121
with can, 135, 147
with could, 147
with did, 91, 100
with does/do, 3031
with is/are, 12
present progressive, 36, 40, 43
with may, 147
short answers to, 12
there
be, 50
with was/were, 83
with will, 119121
with would, 147
with would like, 55
Yesterday, last, ago, 86, 114