Final Print 1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Smoking has become the affliction of a large magnitude of people and others seem to be
joining the smoke bandwagon at an alarming rate. Smoking has become a very common sight
with one out of every fifth person being a smoker. The trend of smoking has become very
common among teenagers also. The problems one gets due to smoking are many, but they do
not seem to encourage people to stop smoking or deter people for starting to smoke. The
hazardous effects of smoking are many, but people do not seem to be paying heed; the tobacco
companies seem to be the only one is reaping the rewards out of smoking. Since tobacco was
born, it has been a few companies dominate the tobacco industry. These companies control
most of the production and distribution around the world. They are quick to adapt to their
policies and tactics to conform to the regulations set by the government and cater to the needs
of the everincreasing number of smokers around the world.
TOBACCO COMPANIES OF THE WORLD:
! few companies hold the tobacco production and control of tobacco; the three largest
"ompanies sell close to two thirds of the entire supply. The stagnation in demand has prompted
them to e#plore new markets.
Since higher priced goods will be used less often. There is not much the government could do
since tobacco is not yet a banned product.
The large companies also diversify their business to keep abreast in the market. They use
various ways, the companies diversify by market segments. $roducts are usually divided into
categories, from high priced premium cigarettes to low and middle class of cigarettes.
"ompanies with big brand names sell premium high priced cigarettes but also e#pand in to
lower class sales to protect them from susceptibility. ! decline in sales of premium cigarettes
will be ploughed back by the sales in the lower or middle brands of cigarettes.
%y target group& 'very cigarette has its target group. %y creating a new target group, the
company industry has long targeted young people with its advertising and promotional
campaigns. (ne of the most memorable, )*oe "amel) campaign initiated by the +.*. +eynolds
Tobacco "ompany, helped generate public outrage against tobacco company efforts to reach
Manish Instituted Management, Visnagar Page 1
young audiences and it is no longer used. The reason is obvious, most people start smoking at
an early age. ,etting a hold on a new segment will increase its share in the market.
-omen are also a segment that the industries try to win over. "igarettes for women are put
forward as a symbol of liberation and some even shown in the light of slimming products.
.anufacturers produce /long, slim0 cigarettes especially for women. $erfumed or scented
cigarettes with e#otic flavors are targeted at women. "igarettes usually have the word )slim) or
)lights) to attract women consumers. .inorities are also a target for the tobacco industry.
1iversification by tobacco products& cigarettes companies also try to branch out into other
tobacco products. 2or e#ample, 3mperial tobacco has decided to branch out into the roll your
own segment; it dominates both the tobacco and the paper for this segment. 1iversification by
nontobacco products& food seems to be the favorite for companies seeking to diversify. +.*.
+eynolds bought 4abisco /which, in turn, was later acquired by 5raft0 owned by $hilip .orris.
*apan Tobacco derives a /small0 part of its sales from food. 6ogistics and wholesaling are
another favorite. !ustria Tabak, wholesaling of tobacco and other products /and the operation
of vending machines0 makes up a large share of turnover. (ver 78 per cent of !ltadis9 earnings
originate in its logistics division. Skandinavisk Tobakskompagni owns the largest wholesaler of
consumer goods in 1enmark. %!T tried financial services /but, since :;;<, is a pure Tobacco
"ompany0 1iversification into food and other activities makes the tobacco companies less
dependent on /slowgrowing0 sales of tobacco products. =owever, the profit margins in these
industry are usually well below those attained in tobacco processing. $roducing and marketing
cigarettes remain the more lucrative activity.
3n case of diversification by geographical market, ('"1based tobacco companies are keen to
reduce their dependence on their stagnant home markets and establish a presence in markets
where growth is above average. !fter having started business in many markets in 6atin
!merica, "entral and 'astern 'urope, and the "entral !sian republics in the :;;8s, their center
of attention is shifting to the 2ar 'ast. !ll the major tobacco companies now have a presence in
$oland, +ussia and the "entral !sian republics. !ustria Tabak, which gained a presence in
'stonia when it acquired the cigarette activities of Swedish .atch also has a >? per cent market
share in ,uinea. The company was considering entering !sian markets when it was taken over
by ,allaher in *une 788:. Through this takeover and the acquisition in 7888 of 6iggett1ucat,
the .oscow cigarette maker, ,allaher greatly reduced its dependence on the @5 market.
Similarly, *apan Tobacco became a world player when it acquired the international activities of
+.*. +eynolds. Thanks to a relentless internationalization drive, ,ermany9s +eemtsma now
sells less than onethird of its total in its home market /compared to over >8 per cent in :;;:0
/see also figure >0. 3t is now on the go in several "entral and 'astern 'uropean countries and,
in :;;;, it acquired "ambodia9s $aradise Tobacco "ompany.
GOVERNMENT AND ITS ROLE:
! predicament is generally faced by the ,overnments all across the world. (n the one hand,
tobaccogrowing and processing can makes a large contribution to employment, ta# revenue
and foreign e#change receipts. 3n many developing and formerly centrally planned economies,
the tobacco companies have made sizeable and most welcome investments when other
investors were disinclined to do so. (n the other hand, governments have the responsibility to
protect the population9s health. Smoking is harmful to health and treating people for smoking
related illnesses is e#pensive. This can lead to heated debates within the same government as
each sector defends the interests it believes it should represent.
The economic importance of tobacco growing and processing differs from country to country.
!t the national level, cigarette /sales and import0 ta# can be a main source of government
revenue. 3n +ussia, cigarette ta# revenue contributes around < per cent to the financing of the
state budget.
-hen the government owns the industry, it receives profits in addition to ta#. That is why, in
so many countries, State monopolies continue to control cigarette trade and production. 3n
"hina, proceeds from stateowned "4T" amounted to the equivalent of @SA::,888 million in
:;;;. "4T" has been the "hinese State9s top revenue generator for years. *apan Tobacco
earned more than @SAB88 million for the *apanese State in the fiscal year ending .arch 7888.
The monopolies can also play a social function. 3n 3taly, several of the state monopoly9s
factories are to be found in areas of high unemployment. Then there are balance of payments
issues to mull over, many lowincome countries rely on the e#port of cash crops such as
tobacco to pay for the service of their foreign debt. Tobacco e#ports made up close to :8 per
cent of "uba9s e#ports in :;;?;<. 3n the case of Tanzania it was :C per cent, 3n Dimbabwe
over 7C per cent and in .alawi tobacco e#ports made up twothirds of commodity e#ports.
%ut, if they smoke domestically produced cigarettes, using homegrown tobacco or use
imported cigarettes and tobaccos can make a large difference when foreign e#change is scarce.
That e#plains why so many countries try to restrict the imports of cigarettes and encourage
domestic producers to use local tobaccos, for e#ample, by providing a favorable ta# treatment
to companies that use a minimum percentage of homegrown tobaccos. The cigarette companies
have also been a key source of investment in the formerly centrally planned countries of
"entral and 'astern 'urope, and "entral !sia. -hen others were disinclined to invest, those
companies saw the possibilities offered by a blend of pentup consumer demand, outdated
production facilities and the association with independence and )western style) living that so
appealed to the people in these countries after many years of central planning and little
consumer choice. !fter having lobbied successfully for the reduction of restrictions of !sian
markets such as *apan and the +epublic of 5orea, the large tobacco companies are eagerly
waiting for the opening up of the other economies /notably "hina0 that continue to restrict
imports from andEor investments by foreign tobacco companies. Tobacco growing, processing
and e#ports can thus make a significant involvement to national employment and national
income. Fet, however important tobacco growing and processing may be at the national level,
its full economic and social significance is best grasped at the micro or regional level. 3n some
regions, tobacco is grown side by side with the crop, which is the main source of income; its
contribution to overall income is modest. =owever, in many others, tobacco is a main source of
income and employment.
Tobacco growing and tobacco processing may bring substantial economic and social benefits,
but the treatment of smokingrelated illness is costly. "igarette smoking causes cancer. 3t is
addictive. The -=( estimates that tobacco products cause around G million deaths per year.
"igarette smoking is the major cause of preventable mortality in developed countries. 3n the
mid:;;8s, about 7C per cent of all male deaths in developed countries were due to smoking.
!mong men aged GC>; years, more than onethird of all deaths were caused by smoking. The
costs of treating all these people are clearly enormous /-=(, :;;?0.
So far, smoking has not had the same impact on mortality among women and among people
from developing countries. There is an appro#imate G8B8 year time lag between the onset of
persistent smoking and deaths from smoking. The effects of the greater incidence of smoking
between these two groups will thus be felt with a lag, but it seems reasonable to believe that its
impact on them will not differ fundamentally from that on developed country males.
3t may be argued that smokers willingly take a certain health risk when enjoying their smoke.
They like the taste and all the other things that they associate with smoking. 4evertheless, this
does not apply to environmental tobacco smoke /'TS0 or )secondhand smoke).
Smoke gets in your eyes your clothes. .oreover, it gets in your lungs. 4onsmokers cannot
escape from smoke in badly ventilated areas. To be e#posed to other people9s tobacco smoke
can be a nuisance in addition to being a health risk for nonsmokers.
,overnments and conflicting pressures& =ow do they get byH
3n practice, governments have opted for several strategies /which are often followed
simultaneously0. ! recent strategy consists of seeking compensation for the costs of treating
smokingrelated illnesses. 3t has been followed with success in the @nited States, as we saw in
section G.B. ,overnments also set rules regarding the ma#imum content of hazardous
substances in cigarettes. .ost of all, however, governments try to discourage demand for what
is, as the industry does not tire of telling us, essentially a legal product.
This is done in a variety of ways, with some governments applying particular vigor and others
taking a more rela#ed approach. (verall, however, the trend is clear& governments9 rules on
smoking are becoming ever more restrictive. The use of tobacco products is being discouraged
in several ways.
Limitation of the space where smoking is allowed. This is done above all to protect non
smokers from involuntary e#posure to tobacco smoke. Smoking is being prohibited in public
places /particularly health care and educational facilities0 and in mass transport. 6egislation
requires restaurants to reserve space for nonsmokers.
Limitation by age group. 3t is prohibited to sell tobacco products to people under a certain age.
Limitations on points of sale. The use of vending machines is being restricted because these
cannot discriminate against sales to young people.
Health warnings stating that tobacco is harmful to health have become obligatory. The
warnings must be placed on packets and in ads, with the authorities prescribing the te#t and the
minimum space allotted to the warning in the ad or on the pack. ,overnments sponsor
education and public information programs on smoking and health.
Advertising bans. +estrictions concern the location of ads, the media used /no billboards, no
ads in the printed media or in cinemas0, the images presented /no young people, no cigarette
packets0, and the time when broadcasting is allowed /not during hours when children watch
television0.
The manufacturers are unhappy with these restrictions, and in particular with the ban on
advertising. 3n their view, it is not proved that such a ban discourages demand for cigarettes /as
its proponents claim0. They are concerned about its effect on the value of their prime asset, the
brand name.
-orldwide, the tobaccoprocessing industry employs hundreds of thousands of people.
=owever, due to a combination of slow demand growth, consolidation, and higher productivity,
this number is unlikely to increase by much in the near future. 2ewer people are needed per
unit of production. The industry is becoming less intensive in the use of labor. Tobacco
growing, in contrast, gives work to millions of people. 3t continues to be a highly labor
intensive activity. The scope for productivity increases in tobacco growing would appear to be
more limited than those in tobacco processing.
(ver a million people are employed in the world tobacco industry
=owever, of this number a high percentage is employed in just three countries& "hina, 3ndia
and 3ndonesia. The large number employed in "hina comes as no surprise in view of the large
number of cigarettes /onethird of the world total0 produced there. Still, the productivity gap
with the @nited States is striking. "hina produces roughly three times as many cigarettes as the
@S, but it needs over nine times as many people to produce them. 3n the other two countries,
the scope for productivity improvements would appear to be even higher.
CHAPTER 2: GLOBAL SMOKING SCENARIO
MAJOR HIGHLIGHTS OF THE GLOBAL SMOKING SCENARIO:
!bout a third of the male adult global population smokes.
Smoking relateddiseases kill one in :8 adults globally, or cause four million deaths. %y
78G8, if current trends continue, smoking will kill one in si# people.
'very eight seconds, someone dies from tobacco use.
Smoking is on the rise in the developing world but falling in developed nations. !mong
!mericans, smoking rates shrunk by nearly half in three decades /from the mid:;>8s
to mid:;;8s0, falling to 7GI of adults by :;;?. 3n the developing world, tobacco
consumption is rising by G.BI per year.
!bout :C billion cigarettes are sold daily or :8 million every minute.
!bout :7 times more %ritish people have died from smoking than from -orld -ar 33.
"igarettes cause more than one in five !merican deaths.
!mong -=( +egions, the -estern $acific +egion which covers 'ast !sia and the
$acific has the highest smoking rate, with nearly twothirds of men smoking.
!bout one in three cigarettes are consumed in the -estern $acific +egion.
The tobacco market is controlled by just a few corporations namely !merican, %ritish
and *apanese multinational conglomerates.
Youth
!mong young teens /aged :G to :C0, about one in five smokes worldwide.
%etween <8,888 and :88,888 children worldwide start smoking every day roughly half
of whom live in !sia.
'vidence shows that around C8I of those who start smoking in adolescent years go on
to smoke for :C to 78 years.
$eerreviewed studies show teenagers are heavily influenced by tobacco advertising.
!bout a quarter of youth alive in the -estern $acific +egion will die from smoking.
H!"th
J =alf of longterm smokers will die from tobacco. 'very cigarette smoked cuts at least five
minutes of life on average about the time taken to smoke it.
J Smoking is the single largest preventable cause of disease and premature death. 3t is a
prime factor in heart disease, stroke and chronic lung disease. 3t can cause cancer of the
lungs, laryn#, esophagus, mouth, and bladder, and contributes to cancer of the cervi#,
pancreas, and kidneys.
J .ore than B,888 to#ic or carcinogenic chemicals have been found in tobacco smoke.
J (ne %ritish survey found that nearly ;;I of women did not know of the link between
smoking and cervical cancer.
J (ne survey found that >8I of "hinese adults did not know that smoking can cause lung
cancer while ;>I were unaware it can cause heart disease.
J !t least a quarter of all deaths from heart diseases and about threequarters of world9s
chronic bronchitis are related to smoking.
J Smokingrelated diseases cost the @nited States more than A:C8 billion a year.
A#$%t&'&()
J @Sbased multinational $hilip .orris the world9s biggest cigarette company was the
worldKs ninth largest advertiser in :;;>, spending more than AG billion.
J ! survey a few years ago found that nearly <8I of !merican advertising e#ecutives from
top agencies believed cigarette advertising does make smoking more appealing or socially
acceptable to children. Through advertising, tobacco firms try to link smoking with athletic
prowess, se#ual attractiveness, success, adult sophistication, adventure and selffulfillment.
J ! survey in the @5 found about half of smokers think that smoking )canKt really be all
that dangerous, or the ,overnment wouldnKt let cigarettes be advertised).
J ! :;;< survey found that tobacco companies were among the top :8 advertisers in :< out
of >> countries surveyed.
J 3n !sia, tobacco companies are among the top :8 advertisers in "ambodia, 3ndonesia,
.alaysia, .yanmar and the $hilippines.
J 3n +ussia, according to press reports, foreign tobacco companies are the largest
advertisers, accounting for as much as B8I of all TL and radio advertising.
J 3n :;;?, the tobacco industry9s spending on advertising in the @nited States was about
A:C million a day /AC.? billion for the year0.
J The tobacco industry has changed the way it advertises in the last G8 years. 4ow, only
:8I of advertising e#penditure goes to print and outdoor advertisements, while more than
half goes to promotional allowances and items, such as tshirts for young people or lighters
and key rings.
J !fter the entry of foreign multinational tobacco firms into *apan, the +epublic of 5orea
and Thailand, youth and female smoking rose significantly.
MThe G? countries and areas comprising the -=( -estern $acific +egion are& !merican
Samoa, !ustralia, %runei 1arussalam, "ambodia, "hina, "ook 3slands, 2iji, 2rench
$olynesia, ,uam, =ong 5ong /"hina0, *apan, 5iribati, 6ao $eople9s 1emocratic +epublic,
.acao /"hina0, .alaysia, .arshall 3slands, 2ederated States of .icronesia, .ongolia,
4auru, 4ew "aledonia, 4ew Dealand, 4iue, 4orthern .ariana 3slands, $alau, $apua 4ew
,uinea, $hilippines, $itcairn 3slands, +epublic of 5orea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon
3slands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Lanuatu, Liet 4am, and -allis and 2utuna.
Source& -orld =ealth (rganization Smoking Statistics
GOVERNMENT AND ITS ROLE:
! predicament is generally faced by the ,overnments all across the world. (n the one hand,
tobaccogrowing and processing can makes a large contribution to employment, ta# revenue
and foreign e#change receipts. 3n many developing and formerly centrally planned economies,
the tobacco companies have made sizeable and most welcome investments when other
investors were disinclined to do so. (n the other hand, governments have the responsibility to
protect the population9s health. Smoking is harmful to health and treating people for smoking
related illnesses is e#pensive. This can lead to heated debates within the same government as
each sector defends the interests it believes it should represent.
The economic importance of tobacco growing and processing differs from country to country.
!t the national level, cigarette /sales and import0 ta# can be a main source of government
revenue. 3n +ussia, cigarette ta# revenue contributes around < per cent to the financing of the
state budget.
-hen the government owns the industry, it receives profits in addition to ta#. That is why, in
so many countries, State monopolies continue to control cigarette trade and production. 3n
"hina, proceeds from stateowned "4T" amounted to the equivalent of @SA::,888 million in
:;;;. "4T" has been the "hinese State9s top revenue generator for years. *apan Tobacco
earned more than @SAB88 million for the *apanese State in the fiscal year ending .arch 7888.
The monopolies can also play a social function. 3n 3taly, several of the state monopoly9s
factories are to be found in areas of high unemployment. Then there are balance of payments
issues to mull over, many lowincome countries rely on the e#port of cash crops such as
tobacco to pay for the service of their foreign debt. Tobacco e#ports made up close to :8 per
cent of "uba9s e#ports in :;;?;<. 3n the case of Tanzania it was :C per cent, 3n Dimbabwe
over 7C per cent and in .alawi tobacco e#ports made up twothirds of commodity e#ports.
%ut, if they smoke domestically produced cigarettes, using homegrown tobacco or use
imported cigarettes and tobaccos can make a large difference when foreign e#change is scarce.
That e#plains why so many countries try to restrict the imports of cigarettes and encourage
domestic producers to use local tobaccos, for e#ample, by providing a favorable ta# treatment
to companies that use a minimum percentage of homegrown tobaccos. The cigarette companies
have also been a key source of investment in the formerly centrally planned countries of
"entral and 'astern 'urope, and "entral !sia. -hen others were disinclined to invest, those
companies saw the possibilities offered by a blend of pentup consumer demand, outdated
production facilities and the association with independence and )western style) living that so
appealed to the people in these countries after many years of central planning and little
consumer choice. !fter having lobbied successfully for the reduction of restrictions of !sian
markets such as *apan and the +epublic of 5orea, the large tobacco companies are eagerly
waiting for the opening up of the other economies /notably "hina0 that continue to restrict
imports from andEor investments by foreign tobacco companies. Tobacco growing, processing
and e#ports can thus make a significant involvement to national employment and national
income. Fet, however important tobacco growing and processing may be at the national level,
its full economic and social significance is best grasped at the micro or regional level. 3n some
regions, tobacco is grown side by side with the crop, which is the main source of income; its
contribution to overall income is modest. =owever, in many others, tobacco is a main source of
income and employment.
Tobacco growing and tobacco processing may bring substantial economic and social benefits,
but the treatment of smokingrelated illness is costly. "igarette smoking causes cancer. 3t is
addictive. The -=( estimates that tobacco products cause around G million deaths per year.
"igarette smoking is the major cause of preventable mortality in developed countries. 3n the
mid:;;8s, about 7C per cent of all male deaths in developed countries were due to smoking.
!mong men aged GC>; years, more than onethird of all deaths were caused by smoking. The
costs of treating all these people are clearly enormous /-=(, :;;?0.
So far, smoking has not had the same impact on mortality among women and among people
from developing countries. There is an appro#imate G8B8 year time lag between the onset of
persistent smoking and deaths from smoking. The effects of the greater incidence of smoking
between these two groups will thus be felt with a lag, but it seems reasonable to believe that its
impact on them will not differ fundamentally from that on developed country males.
3t may be argued that smokers willingly take a certain health risk when enjoying their smoke.
They like the taste and all the other things that they associate with smoking. 4evertheless, this
does not apply to environmental tobacco smoke /'TS0 or )secondhand smoke).
Smoke gets in your eyes your clothes. .oreover, it gets in your lungs. 4onsmokers cannot
escape from smoke in badly ventilated areas. To be e#posed to other people9s tobacco smoke
can be a nuisance in addition to being a health risk for nonsmokers.
,overnments and conflicting pressures& =ow do they get byH
3n practice, governments have opted for several strategies /which are often followed
simultaneously0. ! recent strategy consists of seeking compensation for the costs of treating
smokingrelated illnesses. 3t has been followed with success in the @nited States, as we saw in
section G.B. ,overnments also set rules regarding the ma#imum content of hazardous
substances in cigarettes. .ost of all, however, governments try to discourage demand for what
is, as the industry does not tire of telling us, essentially a legal product.
This is done in a variety of ways, with some governments applying particular vigor and others
taking a more rela#ed approach. (verall, however, the trend is clear& governments9 rules on
smoking are becoming ever more restrictive. The use of tobacco products is being discouraged
in several ways.
Limitation of the space where smoking is allowed. This is done above all to protect non
smokers from involuntary e#posure to tobacco smoke. Smoking is being prohibited in public
places /particularly health care and educational facilities0 and in mass transport. 6egislation
requires restaurants to reserve space for nonsmokers.
Limitation by age group. 3t is prohibited to sell tobacco products to people under a certain age.
Limitations on points of sale. The use of vending machines is being restricted because these
cannot discriminate against sales to young people.
Health warnings stating that tobacco is harmful to health have become obligatory. The
warnings must be placed on packets and in ads, with the authorities prescribing the te#t and the
minimum space allotted to the warning in the ad or on the pack. ,overnments sponsor
education and public information programs on smoking and health.
Advertising bans. +estrictions concern the location of ads, the media used /no billboards, no
ads in the printed media or in cinemas0, the images presented /no young people, no cigarette
packets0, and the time when broadcasting is allowed /not during hours when children watch
television0.
The manufacturers are unhappy with these restrictions, and in particular with the ban on
advertising. 3n their view, it is not proved that such a ban discourages demand for cigarettes /as
its proponents claim0. They are concerned about its effect on the value of their prime asset, the
brand name.
-orldwide, the tobaccoprocessing industry employs hundreds of thousands of people.
=owever, due to a combination of slow demand growth, consolidation, and higher productivity,
this number is unlikely to increase by much in the near future. 2ewer people are needed per
unit of production. The industry is becoming less intensive in the use of labor. Tobacco
growing, in contrast, gives work to millions of people. 3t continues to be a highly labor
intensive activity. The scope for productivity increases in tobacco growing would appear to be
more limited than those in tobacco processing.
(ver a million people are employed in the world tobacco industry
=owever, of this number a high percentage is employed in just three countries& "hina, 3ndia
and 3ndonesia. The large number employed in "hina comes as no surprise in view of the large
number of cigarettes /onethird of the world total0 produced there. Still, the productivity gap
with the @nited States is striking. "hina produces roughly three times as many cigarettes as the
@S, but it needs over nine times as many people to produce them. 3n the other two countries,
the scope for productivity improvements would appear to be even higher.
CHAPTER *: THE INDIAN SMOKING SCENARIO
THE INDIAN SMOKING SCENARIO:
4ew research shows that by the year 78:7 and beyond, around one million deaths per year in
3ndia will be attributable to smoking, and the majority of these will occur in middleaged
adults+ This will represent :8I of all deaths in the countryNone in five deaths in men and one
in 78 in women, say D% P%!,h!t Jh! /"entre for ,lobal =ealth +esearch, Toronto, (40 and
his team from 3ndia, "anada, and the @5 in their special article published online 2ebruary :G,
788< in the New England Journal of Medicine.
I(#&!( -( !)# *./01: Nu-,% o2 #!th' 'tu#&# !(# '-o3% $' (o('-o3% #!th %!t
%!t&o4RR5
U(#%"6&() 2!t!" #&'!' D!th' 'tu#&#7 ( S-o3%' 485
!
S-o3% $' (o('-o3% RR
,

TB G::; >> 7.G
R'9&%!to%6 #&'!' GB<? >8 7.:
St%o3 7788 CG :.>
H!%t #&'!' CB8; C7 :.>
C!(:%' 77B< C; 7.:
A"" #&'!'' 7C 7;8 CC :.?
a. Ls G?.8I of G: >>: living men who had smoked
b. +isk ratio adjusted for age, alcohol use, and education
Source& "entre for ,lobal =ealth +esearch
"hief e#ecutive of the @5 M#&:!" R'!%:h Cou(:&", D% L';" Bo%6'&<&:;, says& )This
research confronts us with the scale of the problem. 3t shows that smoking kills in different
ways in different areas. The results suggest an even higher risk of smokingrelated
cardiovascular disease among 3ndian populations than predicted.)
I(#&!( <o-( !)# *./01: Nu-,% o2 #!th' 'tu#&# !(# '-o3% $' (o('-o3% #!th
%!t %!t&o4RR5
U(#%"6&() 2!t!" #&'!' D!th' 'tu#&#7 ( S-o3%' 485
!
S-o3% $' (o('-o3% RR
,

TB :G>G :G G.8
R'9&%!to%6 #&'!' 77<< :B G.:
St%o3 :C;? < :.>
H!%t #&'!' 7B?G ? :.?
C!(:%' 7:CG < 7.:
A"" #&'!'' :> G<> ; 7.8
a. Ls B.CI of 7> >?< living women who had smoked
b. +isk ratio adjusted for age, alcohol use, and education
Source& "entre for ,lobal =ealth +esearch
3ndia9s =ealth .inister, D% A,u-!(& R!--!#o'', says& )-e are going to take the results of
this study very seriously. 3 am particularly concerned about protecting 3ndia9s >88 million
young people below the age of G8. These young people are our national assets, and they must
be protected against smoking deaths. -e plan to take comprehensive steps against tobacco and
strengthen our Tobacco +egulatory !uthority to enforce the laws.)
D% Poo(!- S&()h /South 'ast !sian +egional (ffice of the Wo%"# H!"th O%)!(&;!t&o(,
4ew 1elhi, 3ndia0 said !sia has become the new battleground for global tobacco control.
)3ndia, 3ndonesia, and %angladesh represent just a few of the countries that lie in the path of the
tobacco tsunami. This study should sound the alarm that we desperately and quickly need
action to curb this most avoidable of epidemics.)
CHAPTER =: SMOKING HARMS
SMOKING HARMS:
"igarettes contain more than B888 chemical compounds and at least B88 to#ic substances.
-hen you inhale, a cigarette burns at ?88O" at the tip and around >8O" in the core. This heat
breaks down the tobacco to produce various to#ins.
!s a cigarette burns, the residues are concentrated towards the butt.
The products that are most damaging are&
Tar, a carcinogen /substance that causes cancer0
4icotine is addictive and increases cholesterol levels in your body
"arbon mono#ide reduces o#ygen in the body
"omponents of the gas and particulate phases cause chronic obstructive pulmonary
disorder /"($10.
The damage caused by smoking is influenced by&
The number of cigarettes smoked
-hether the cigarette has a filter
=ow the tobacco has been prepared.
(n average, each cigarette shortens a smoker9s life by around :: minutes.
(f the G88 people who die every day in the @5 as a result of smoking, many are comparatively
young smokers.
The number of people under the age of ?8 who die from smokingrelated diseases e#ceeds the
total figure for deaths caused by breast cancer, !31S, traffic accidents and drug addiction.
4onsmokers and e#smokers can also look forward to a healthier old age than smokers.
MAJOR DISEASES CAUSED BY SMOKING
C!%#&o$!':u"!% #&'!'
"ardiovascular disease is the main cause of death due to smoking.
=ardening of the arteries is a process that develops over years, when cholesterol and other fats
deposit in the arteries, leaving them narrow, blocked or rigid. -hen the arteries narrow
/atherosclerosis0, blood clots are likely to form. Smoking accelerates the hardening and
narrowing process in your arteries& it starts earlier and blood clots are two to four times more
likely. "ardiovascular disease can take many forms depending on which blood vessels are
involved, and all of them are more common in people who smoke.
A 2!t!" #&'!'
%lood clots in the heart and brain are the most common causes of sudden death.
"oronary thrombosis& a blood clot in the arteries supplying the heart, which can lead to a heart
attack. !round G8 per cent are caused by smoking.
"erebral thrombosis& the vessels to the brain can become blocked, which can lead to
collapse, stroke and paralysis. 1amage to the brain9s blood supply is also an important
cause of dementia.
3f the kidney arteries are affected, then high blood pressure or kidney failure results.
%lockage to the vascular supply to the legs may lead to gangrene and amputation.
Smokers tend to develop coronary thrombosis :8 years earlier than nonsmokers, and make up
; out of :8 heart bypass patients.
C!(:%
Smokers are more likely to get cancer than nonsmokers. This is particularly true of lung
cancer, throat cancer and mouth cancer, which hardly ever affect nonsmokers.
The link between smoking and lung cancer is clear.
4inety percent of lung cancer cases are due to smoking.
3f noone smoked, lung cancer would be a rare diagnosis P only 8.C per cent of people
who9ve never touched a cigarette develop lung cancer.
(ne in ten moderate smokers and almost one in five heavy smokers /more than :C
cigarettes a day0 will die of lung cancer.
The more cigarettes you smoke in a day, and the longer you9ve smoked, the higher your risk of
lung cancer. Similarly, the risk rises the deeper you inhale and the earlier in life you started
smoking.
2or e#smokers, it takes appro#imately :C years before the risk of lung cancer drops to the
same as that of a nonsmoker.
3f you smoke, the risk of contracting mouth cancer is four times higher than for a nonsmoker.
"ancer can start in many areas of the mouth, with the most common being on or underneath the
tongue, or on the lips.
(ther types of cancer that are more common in smokers are&
bladder cancer
cancer of the oesophagus
cancer of the kidneys
cancer of the pancreas
cervical cancer
COPD
"hronic obstructive pulmonary disease /"($10 is a collective term for a group of conditions
that block airflow and make breathing more difficult, such as&
emphysema P breathlessness caused by damage to the air sacs /alveoli0
chronic bronchitis P coughing with a lot of mucus that continues for at least three
months.
Smoking is the most common cause of "($1 and is responsible for <8 per cent of cases.
3t9s estimated that ;B per cent of 78aday smokers have some emphysema when the lungs are
e#amined after death, while more than ;8 per cent of nonsmokers have little or none.
"($1 typically starts between the ages of GC and BC when lung function starts to decline
anyway. 6ung damage from "($1 is permanent, but giving up smoking at any stage reduces
the rate of decline in lung capacity.
3n smokers, the rate of decline in lung function can be three times the usual rate. !s lung
function declines, breathlessness begins. !s the condition progresses, severe breathing
problems can require hospital care. The final stage is death from slow and progressive
breathlessness.
Oth% %&'3' :!u'# ,6 '-o3&()
! single cigarette can reduce the blood supply to your skin for over an hour.
Smoking raises blood pressure, which can cause hypertension /high blood pressure0 P a
risk factor for heart attacks and stroke.
"ouples who smoke are more likely to have fertility problems than couples who are
nonsmokers.
Smoking worsens asthma and counteracts asthma medication by worsening the
inflammation of the airways that the medicine tries to ease.
The blood vessels in the eye are sensitive and can be easily damaged by smoke, causing
a bloodshot appearance and itchiness.
=eavy smokers are twice as likely to get macular degeneration, resulting in the gradual
loss of eyesight.
Smokers run an increased risk of cataracts.
Smokers take 7C per cent more sick days year than nonsmokers.
Smoking stains your teeth and gums.
Smoking increases your risk of periodontal disease, which causes swollen gums, bad
breath and teeth to fall out.
Smoking causes an acid taste in the mouth and contributes to the development of ulcers.
Smoking also affects your looks& smokers have paler skin and more wrinkles. This is
because smoking reduces the blood supply to the skin and lowers levels of vitamin !.
P!''&$ '-o3&()
The 9sidestream9 smoke that comes off a cigarette between puffs carries a higher risk than
directly inhaled smoke.
"hildren who grow up in a home where one or both of their parents smoke have twice the risk
of getting asthma and asthmatic bronchitis. They also have a higher risk of developing
allergies. 3nfants under two years old are more prone to severe respiratory infections and cot
death.
2or adults, passive smoking seems to increase the risk of lung cancer, but the evidence for an
increased risk of heart disease is not yet conclusive.
S-o3&() E22:t' o( th Hu-!( Bo#6
Smoking has become a global issue. The following statistics could provide a reference for the
smokers considering quitting&
/:0 (ne cigarette shortens the life by :: seconds
/70 (ne pack of cigarettes shortens the life by G.C hours
/G0 Smoking for one week will shorten the life by : day
/B0 (n average, nonsmokers outlive smokers by :B years
/C0
!fter quitting smoking, it would take at least :C years to eliminate all the to#ins in the
body
To#ic ingredients in cigarette smoke travel throughout the body, causing damage in several
different ways.
4icotine reaches the brain within :8 seconds after smoke is inhaled. 3t has been found
in every part of the body and in breast milk.
"arbon mono#ide binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, preventing affected cells
from carrying a full load of o#ygen.
"ancercausing agents /carcinogens0 in tobacco smoke damage important genes that
control the growth of cells, causing them to grow abnormally or to reproduce too
rapidly.
The carcinogen benzo/a0pyrene binds to cells in the airways and major organs of
smokers.
Smoking affects the function of the immune system and may increase the risk for
respiratory and other infections.
There are several likely ways that cigarette smoke does its damage. (ne is o#idative
stress that mutates 14!, promotes atherosclerosis, and leads to chronic lung injury.
(#idative stress is thought to be the general mechanism behind the aging process,
contributing to the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and "($1.
The body produces antio#idants to help repair damaged cells. Smokers have lower
levels of antio#idants in their blood than do nonsmokers.
Smoking is associated with higher levels of chronic inflammation, another damaging
process that may result in o#idative stress.
1. GREAT SMOKING SUBSTITUTES:
To succeed at quitting smoking, you need to replace the habit with something else. Fou want to
replace the cigarette habit with a healthier one. =ere are ten good habits that you can substitute
for the bad habit of smoking&
Wo%3&() Out: 3f you find yourself feeling jittery or stressed as you quit smoking, you
may want to give e#ercise a try. 4ot only is a workout such as jogging, tennis, or
walking well for almost anybody, but itKs also a great way to calm your nerves.
T!3&() >t%! "&'u% t&-: =ow much time did you spend each week getting and then
smoking cigarettesH Take up a personal pursuit or hobby you have been putting off due
to lack of time.
D%&(3&() "ot' o2 2"u&#': 1rinking lots of fluids actually promotes your attempt to quit.
3ncreased amounts of fluids literally help wash out some of the to#ins and pollutants
that have accumulated in your body as a result of using tobacco.
Stock up on orange juice. Some evidence suggests that cigarettes burn up ascorbic
acid, or vitamin ", in the body, so replenishing your bodyKs stores of vitamin " either
with citrus juices or with tablets /:88 to C88 mg a day0 is a good idea.
M#&t!t&(): .editation is one of the most powerful and gratifying tools you have
available to you. The beauty of meditation is that itKs easy to learn and e#tremely
portable. Fou can meditate anywhere and at almost any time.
Fo:u'&() 6ou% (%)6 out<!%#: 2ocusing your mental energy, your perceptions, and
your immediate responses to the world outward is a great strategy for quitting success
and for success in general.
U'&() (&:ot&( %9"!:-(t th%!9&': Tobacco substitutes, including the patch,
nicotine gum, nicotine aerosol, inhaler, and Dyban, can help you free yourself from
nicotine entirely, but giving you the nicotine your body craves without the
accompanying to#ins.
F!""&() 2o% 2%u&t' !(# $)t!,"': +ethinking many of your tastes and preferences is a
fundamental aspect of quitting smoking. Fou need to learn to appreciate and value
totally different tastes and sensations. Think about celery Q the cleanness of it. (r
spinach Q can you smell itH "an you taste the difference between romaine, %oston, and
iceberg lettuceH
=ow do you feel about a cold, luscious peach on a hot summer dayH "onstant e#posure
to chemicals like nicotine dumps down your palate. Fou achieve the opposite result of
refining and upgrading your taste buds when you stop tampering with the delicate
symphony of taste and smell.
V&'u!"&;&() h!"th: The visualization thing is a doubleedged sword. (n the one hand,
itKs important to appreciate the impact that seeing things the way you want them to be
has on your life and feelings. (n the other hand, itKs also important not to blame
yourself for the bad things that come your way.
Ch!()&() 6ou% 9%&o%&t&': !s a smoker, your priorities include making sure that you
always have enough cigarettes on hand. SmokersK priorities also include having that
first cigarette of the day, as well as selfmedicating throughout the day so that their
nicotine levels /and thus their mood and energy level0 never run too low. +ather than
gratifying the cravings and needs of today, actively decide to live in and enjoy the body
you were.
CHAPTER ?: WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
N&:ot&( W&th#%!<!" S6-9to-' @ R:o$%6
The first few weeks after quitting smoking are usually the most difficult and it9s safe to say that
it normally takes at least <:7 weeks before a person starts to feel comfortable with their new
lifestyle change of being an e#smoker. -ithdrawal from nicotine, an addictive drug found in
tobacco, is characterized by symptoms that include headache, an#iety, nausea and a craving for
more tobacco. 4icotine creates a chemical dependency, so that the body develops a need for a
certain level of nicotine at all times.
@nless that level is maintained, the body will begin to go through withdrawal. 2or tobacco
users trying to quit, symptoms of withdrawal from nicotine are unpleasant and stressful, but
only temporary. .ost withdrawal symptoms peak B< hours after you quit and are completely
gone in si# months.
!nger and .ood Swings
!nger is part of the quitting process. Fou donKt have to have a reason to feel that way, you just
do. !ccept it, vent it safely. 1eal with the irritating situation by dealing with your feelings
rather than suppressing them. Say whatKs on your mind without blowing your stack. !nger
openly e#pressed or kept inside creates tension which may create the need for a cigarette.
+educing the tension will reduce your desire for a cigarette. 1iscuss your anger with your
buddy. Take a walk. 1o deep breathing e#ercises.
%oredom
Try new things. 5eep your hands and mind busy /write a letter, do dishes, cook, paint, do
carpentry, knit, garden, sew0. +un some errands, get caught up on jobs you havenKt had time to
do, or go see a movie. 3f you have to stay in one place, have a bookEcrossword puzzlesEdeck of
cards handy.
"onstipation, gas, stomach pain
"onstipation is caused by intestinal movement decreases for a brief period. 3t will normally last
for several weeks. 1rink plenty of liquids />< glasses of water daily0; add roughage to diet
/fruits, vegetables, whole grain cereals, bran0; go for walks.
2eeling cooped up
2eeling of being cooped up is normal. Fou miss your old friend your cigarettes who used to go
everywhere you used to go. ,o for a short walk, go swimming, bike riding. 5eep yourself
physically and mentally busy.
"ough, dry throatEmouth, nasal drip
This is caused from your body getting rid of mucous which has blocked airways and restricted
breathing. 1rink plenty of fluids; drink cold water, fruit juice, tea; use cough drops, gum or
hard candy.
"raving for a cigarette
-ithdrawal from nicotine, a strongly addictive drug. 3t is most frequent the first 7 or G days.
(ccasionally, it can occur for months or for years. -ait out the urge; they only last a few
minutes. -ait until it passes /in general G to C minutes0. ,et busy. Start another activity. Think
of something else. 2ocus on your work. 1rink some water, chew some gum or eat sugarless
candy. 'at something /e.g., some fruit0. %reathe deeply several times. 1o a rela#ing e#ercise.
%rush your teeth. Tell yourself the symptoms will disappear in a few days.
1epression R 1espair
2ind a substitute reward to smoking. 1eal with your emotions. "all your support buddy. @se
positive selftalk. 1onKt cut yourself down; build yourself up. 1onKt allow a selfdefeatist
attitude /3Km no good, 3 canKt do this0. This can lead to a decreased sense of control and a drop
in selfesteem. Think of success, not failureS 3tKs normal to feel sad, angry, or confused in the
first few smokefree weeks. These feelings will pass but 3f the depression does not appear to be
going away, take it seriously and consult your doctor.
1izziness
Four body is getting e#tra o#ygen like it hasn9t seen for a long time. ,et fresh air, go for a
walk, and change positions slowly. 3t will last several days and will go away.
2atigue
4icotine is a stimulant. 7 to B weeks. ,et e#tra sleep and more e#ercise; take naps; donKt push
yourself. 3f you feel tired when you first wake up, do some moderate e#ercises and take a cool
shower. 1rink >< glasses of water per day to speed up the healing process.
2rustration
Take a walk. 1o deep breathing e#ercises. Talk to your support buddy. Think of the positive
reasons for quitting and the rewards you will be able to achieve. Take some time by yourself.
1o a favorite hobby.
=eadaches
Take a warm bath or shower. Try rela#ation or meditation techniques. 1o more physical
activities. "ut down on coffee and cola drinks.
3ncrease on !ppetite
"raving for a cigarette can be confused with hunger pangs or a simple craving for oral
stimulation. 2or years, your mouth was stimulated every time a cigarette landed between your
lips. This has now been removed. 1rink water or lowcalorie liquids. %e prepared with low
calorie and lowfat snacks /celery, pretzels, carrots, popcorn, melba toast0; chew a toothpick,
chew gum, munch on raw vegetables.
3nsomnia
4icotine affects brain wave function. This can influence sleep patterns and dreams about
smoking are common. : week Take a hot, rela#ing bath; avoid caffeine /coffee, tea, pop0 after
>&88pm Try rela#ing at bedtime with a glass of warm milk, deep breathing and rela#ation
techniques. -ork on a hobby.
3rritability, grouchy, tense
The body is craving for nicotine. Tobacco smokers are in a chronic state of nervous
stimulation. .any of the symptoms quitters e#perience are the result of the nervous system
returning to normal. 3t normally last for :7 weeks. 1eep breathe, take walks, e#ercise, use
rela#ation techniques, chew nicotine gum, cut down on coffee and pop.
6ack of concentration
The body needs time to adjust to not having constant stimulation from nicotine. ! few weeks
"hange activities, get some fresh air, e#ercise, deep breathe, listen to music, watch TL, do
more physical activity, cut down on coffee and cola, plan workload accordingly, avoid
situations that may trigger your desire to smoke.
6oneliness
"igarettes are seen by many people as a close friend. "all a real friend. ,o for a walk or a
drive. Sing, pray.
4ight Time awakenings
"igarettes are seen by many people as a close friend. "all a real friend. ,o for a walk or a
drive. Sing, pray.
+estlessness
'#ercise. -ork on a hobby. "atch up on your chores. 1o some e#tra jobs at work.
Tightness in the chest
3t is probably due to tension created by the bodyKs need for nicotine; may be caused by sore
muscles from coughing. $art of the recovery process may be the lungKs attempt to remove
mucus and tar. The normal mucus transport system will start to reactivate itself, which can
initially cause coughing. 3t will last a few days. 1eep breathing and rela#ation techniques. %e
patient; wait it outS Four body wants to return to normal.
-eight gain
-eight gain from quitting smoking is very normal for most people and you can e#pect to put
on C:8 pounds over the period of several months.
3nformation "ourtesy of& 6ung !ssociation of Saskatchewan
-3T=1+!-!6 SF.$T(. 1@+!T3(4 $+($(+T3(4 (2 $'($6' !22'"T'1
3rritabilityEaggression 6ess than B weeks C8I
1epression 6ess than B weeks >8I
+estlessness 6ess than B weeks >8I
$oor concentration 6ess than 7 weeks >8I
3ncreased appetite .ore than :8 weeks ?8I
6ightheadedness 6ess than B< hours :8I
4ighttime awakenings 6ess than a week 7CI
"raving .ore than 7 weeks ?8I
D&;;&('': 3ncreased o#ygen levels in blood and blood pressure lowering to normal %e careful,
take precautions and donKt work to hard.
o 1 - 5 days Cou)h&()7 (o' %u((&(): The bodyKs respiratory system begins to clean
itself 1rink lots of fluids.
o 1 5 days So% th%o!t: The clearing away of nicotine and tar and the growth of new
tissue Suck sweets, eat honey or anything else that will soothe your throat.
o 1 5 days T&)ht :h't: The coughing causes the chest muscles to get sore Try
rela#ation and deep breathing e#ercises.
o 1 2 weeks F"!tu"(: !(# :o('t&9!t&o(: Temporary slowing of intestinal movement
'at lots of fiber and drink lots of fluids.
o 1 2 weeks H!#!:h': 3ncreased blood flow /with more o#ygen0 to the back of the
brain. 1rink lots of fluids and do rela#ation e#ercises
o 2 4 weeks I%%&t!,&"&t6: Four body is desperate for nicotine +ela#ation e#ercises.
o 2 4 weeks R#u:# :o(:(t%!t&o(: 3ncreased blood flow and o#ygen to brain and
lack of stimulation from nicotine 1onKt over e#ert yourself.
o 2 4 weeks F!t&)u& -ithout nicotine your metabolic rate drops down to normal 1onKt
over e#ert yourself. This feeling will go away in a few weeks
CHAPTER 0: To,!::o Co-9!(6 P%o2&"
I(t%o#u:t&o(
The tobacco industry is one of the most profitable industries in the world. Tobacco companies
use their enormous wealth and influence both locally and globally to market their deadly
products. 'ven as advocacy groups and policy makers work to combat the tobacco industryKs
influence, new and manipulative tactics are used by tobacco companies and their allies to
circumvent tobacco control efforts. 3t is important for tobacco control advocates to know
which companies are present in their country, how and where they operate, the types and
quantity of products sold, and marketing tactics used to sell tobacco products. %y being
informed about all aspects of the tobacco industry within a country, advocates are better
equipped to fight for effective tobacco control policies.
3n 3ndia, the tobacco industry is divided into three distinct and powerful sectors& bidis
/smoking products handrolled in tendu leaves0, smokeless tobacco /mainly chewing tobacco0
and cigarettes. %idis are the most popular tobacco products consumed in 3ndia B<I of the
market. Smokeless tobacco makes up G<I and cigarettes only :BI of the market. Some
aspect of the tobacco industry,whether it be tobacco farming, manufacturing, or distribution,
is present in every 3ndian state, making tobacco control a truly national effort. This report, like
the tobacco industry in 3ndia, has sections on each of the tobacco sectors as well as e#amples
of tobacco promotion, sponsorship and corporate social responsibility efforts designed to
increase consumption and industry profits.
Th B&#& I(#u't%6
%idis are slim handrolled, unfiltered cigarettes that are rolled in brown tendu or temburni
leaves and held together by a string. The product is often flavored, and in general bidis are
stronger tasting than regular cigarettes. %idis are cheaper than cigarettes which makes them
very popular in rural areas and among the poor. -hile bidis are the number one tobacco
product used in 3ndia, very little is actually known about the organization of the bidi industry.
%idi production is fragmented and because most brands are handrolled in individual homes on
a small scale, the bidi industry is considered to be a cottage industry.
3n :;;C the .inistry of Statistics and $rogramme 3mplementation estimated there were
over >,>88 bidi manufacturers in 3ndia, compared to B8 cigarette factories and CC
smokeless tobacco factories. -hile recent numbers are not available, it is still clear
that bidi manufacturers greatly outnumber other types of product manufacturers.
! woman sitting at home rolling :88 sticks a day qualifies as a bidi factory.
The bidi manufacturing industry is divided into two different sectors& organized and
unorganized. The organized sector is factory based and production is increasingly
mechanized; and the unorganized sector is made up of home based production and small
cooperatives.

.ost production and handrolling is done at home by women and children.
Tobacco industry analyst, 'uromonitor 3nternational, estimates that 78I of bidis
are produced in the organized sector and <8I in the unorganized sector.
'ven organized factories tend to outsource production to individual homes.
%ecause the bidi industry is fragmented there are no specific figures on how many bidis are
sold or produced. 3t is estimated that ?C8 billion to :.7 trillion sticks are produced annually.
!ccording to 'uromonitor 3nternational, the bidi industry in 3ndia is worth +s788
billion /AB.: billion @S10.
%idis are much cheaper than cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products due mainly to
unequal levels of ta#ation on the different products. %idis cost between +s7.C8C.88 for 7C
sticks /less than one +s per stick0 whereas the leading brand of gukta costs +sGB per unit.
The leading brand of cigarettes costs +s <8<< for 78 sticks /+sBB.B per stick0.
3n 788;, 'uromonitor reported that bidi volume sales were down CI from the
previous year because of a ban on smoking in public places.
1espite being fragmented, the bidi industry still has a powerful voice in 3ndian politics which
keeps ta#es on bidi products low and regulations la#. The major lobbying organization for
bidis is the !ll 3ndia %idi 2ederation which represents the entire bidi industry. (ther
organizations that lobby nationally and regionally for the bidi industry include&
!ll 3ndia %eedi, "igar R Tobacco -orkers 2ederation /4ew 1elhi0
5arnataka State %eedi -orkersK 2ederation
S.5.%eedi -orkers 2ederation
5arnataka %eedi 3ndustry !ssociation
.umbai %eedi -orkers @nion /.aharashtra0
!ll %engali %eedi -orkersK and 'mployees 2ederation /"alcutta0
!ccording to 'uromonitor 3nternational, no single bidi company or brand has more than a
CI market claim.
6arge bidi producers have their own territory /state or district0 where they dominate
the market with little competition from other bidi companies.
There are a few regional players that sell their bidi brands in more than one state or
district, including ,anesh %eedi -orks, 5ajah %eedi "o and %harat %idi -orks.
There is no national bidi brand and at one time it was estimated that there were over
G88 different brands across 3ndia. Some notable brands include&
C87 $ataka produced by $ataka %iri .anufacturing
C8: ,anesh produced by .agalore ,anesh %eedi -orks
Top regional brands such as 1inesh in South 3ndia, Taj in 4orth
3ndia, and =owrah in 'ast and 4ortheast 3ndia.
-hile bidi production is concentrated in the west and south of 3ndia, it has also been
estimated that each state has around 788 bidi manufactures.
L!#&() B&#& Co-9!(&' !(# B%!(#'
Co-9!(6 N!- 6ocation $roduction and
1istribution
$opular %rand /s0 -ebsite
Bh!%!th B#& Wo%3' .angalore T $roduces >8
million bidis a
day:G
T $opular in 4orth
and -est 3ndia
T $art of the
%harath ,roup
Thirty %rand
%eedies
http&EEwww.G8be
edi.co.inE
K%!"! D&('h B#& Wo%3%'
Coo9%!t&$
5erala T $roduces G8
million bidis a day>
T $roduces :.<
billion bidis
annually:B
T :< different
societies
/companies0
T .arket covers
5erala, Tamil 4adu
and 5arnataka
: "ooperativ
e is sponsored by
the 5erala
government and
includes bidi
rolling, food
processing,
umbrella
assembling,
clothing and 3T
5erala 1inesh
%eedi
http&EEwww.keral
adinesh.comE
M!()!"o% G!('h B#&
Wo%3'
Tamil 4adu
5arnataka
T $roduces 78
billion bidis
annually>, :C
T "laims to
produces G8I of
the bidis in the
organized sector:C
T 4etwork of G8
branches
C8: http&EEwww.saiw
aiboeki.comEgan
eshbeediE
P!t!3! B&%& M!(u2!:tu%&() Co
Lt#
1elhi $roduces :88
million bidis a day
=as :8 factories
/788B0
C87 $ataka %iri
R!A!h G%ou9 4K!A!h B#&
G%ou95
Tamil 4adu
5erala
.aharashtra
"ooperative of four
different companies
5ajah %eedi
!ction %eedi
http&EEwww.rg<.
bizEbeedi.html
Th C&)!%tt I(#u't%6
"igarette consumption makes up a small portion of the tobacco market in 3ndia, only :BI of
tobacco products sold are cigarettes. +etail volume sales have decreased by ;I in the last ten
years from ;;.> billion sticks in :;;; to ;8.G billion sticks in 788;. +ecent declines in cigarette
volumes are mainly due to a 788< increase in the ta# on unfiltered cigarettes. The ta# increase
has also led to many unfiltered brands being removed from the market. 3T" 6td stopped
unfiltered cigarette production entirely and some companies have launched filter versions of
their most popular unfiltered brands to maintain their customers.
H&'to%&: I(#&! C&)!%tt M!%3t S&;/ Rt!&" Vo"u- 4,&""&o( 't&:3'5
1111 2... 2..1 2..2 2..* 2..= 2..? 2..0 2..B 2..C 2..1
;;.> ;<.? <;.G ;:.; ;B.C ;>.C :88 :8:.: ;;.< ;:.7 ;8.G
1espite recent declines in sales, it is e#pected that cigarette use will increase overtime as
disposable incomes increase in 3ndia. 'uromonitor 3nternational predicted in 788< that if the
smokers who currently smoke bidis switched to factory made cigarettes, then 3ndiaKs
cigarette consumption would increase to around >B8 billion sticks. This increase would make
3ndia the second largest volume cigarette consumer in the world behind "hina.
C&)!%tt Co-9!(6 Sh!%' Rt!&" Vo"u- 485
2..1 2..2 2..* 2..= 2..? 2..0 2..B 2..C 2..1
3T" ,roup >G.; >C.G >> >>.: >?.C >?.< >?.; ?:.< ?7.;
,odfrey $hillips 3ndia
6td ;.< :8.? :8.; ::.; ::.: ::.C ::.; :7.; :G.<
LST 3ndustries 6td :7.7 :8 ;.B <.; <.? <.B <.C <.C <.?
,olden Tobacco 6tdM G.> :.C
,T" 3ndustries 6td ;.; ;.? ;.B ;.B ;.7 ; <.>
*apan Tobacco 3nc :.G :.B :.G
,allaher ,roup $lcMM 7 7 7 :.C :.B :.G
(thers 7.G 7.B 7.7 7.7 7.7 :.; :.< :.; :.?
Total :88 :88 :88 :88 :88 :88 :88 :88 :88
The cigarette market in 3ndia is controlled by four locally established companies, but most
companies also have close ties to international tobacco companies. The leading transnational
tobacco companies /TT"0 have recently attempted to increase their shares of the 3ndian cigarette
market but have had little success. The ability of TT"s to increase their presence in 3ndia has in
part been limited because of restrictions on foreign direct investment /2130 in cigarette
manufacturing
ITC G%ou9/ 3T" was established in :;:8 under the name 3mperial Tobacco "ompany of 3ndia.
The company changed its name to 3T" in 788: to reflect its diverse interest in products
outside of tobacco.
3T" is the leading cigarette manufacturer in 3ndia with ?GI of the market in 788;.
Since 788:, 3T" has steadily increased its market share in 3ndia and has increased
cigarette production by :CI from C?.: billion sticks in 788: to >C.< billion sticks in
788;.
The TT" %ritish !merican Tobacco /%!T0 has also has a G7I share.
3T" generated +S 7>7.> billion /A@S 7<.; million0 in revenue in 788; through its
interest in cigarettes, hotels, cosmetics and toiletries, packaged food, apparel,
paperboards and packaging, and agriculture.
o 3T"Ks cigarette industry contributed to >>I of the companyKs total revenue for
the fiscal year ending .arch 78:8.
3T" has five cigarette factories in %angalore, 5olkata, .unger, +anjangaon,
and Saharanpur.
3n addition to its operations in 3ndia, 3T" also has cigarette subsidiary Surya
4epal, which is a joint venture with %ritish !merican Tobacco.
-ebsite& http&EEwww.itcportal.comEdefault.asp
Go#2%6 Ph&""&9' I(#&!/ 'stablished in 3ndia in :;G> as an import company for
,odfrey $hillips, @5. The company has since established itself as a major local
manufacture of cigarettes in 3ndia.
,odfrey $hillips is the second largest cigarette company in 3ndia with :BI of the
market. Since 788:, the company has seen continuous growth in market share and has
increased its cigarette production by BGI from <.? billion sticks in 788: to :7.C billion
sticks in 788;.
,odfrey $hillips 3ndia has two major stake holders the 55 .odi ,roup, an industrial
conglomerate based in .umbai, and the international tobacco company $hilip .orris
3nternational /$.30 which together hold a total of ?:I of the company. 3n .ay 788;,
55 .odi acquired an additional :8.<I stake in ,odfrey $hillips from $.3, bringing
its total share to B?I and $.3Ks to 7CI.
,odfrey $hillips 3ndia has a leaf division that provided tobacco leaf for production in
country and for e#port. The company also sells tea.
o The cigarette segment accounted for ;7I of ,odfrey $hillips 3ndia revenue
for the financial year ending .arch 78:8.
,odfrey $hillips is headquartered in 4ew 1elhi and has factories in ,haziabad /near
1elhi0 and !ndheri /near .umbai0. "urrently, a new factory is being built in +abale.
o The company has a strong presence in 4orth and -est 3ndia, and in an attempt to
increase the companyKs reach in 3ndia, ,odfrey $hillips is aggressively
e#panding distribution into the states of Tamil 4adu and (rissa.
-ebsite& http&EEwww.godfreyphillips.comE
VST I(#u't%&'/ 'stablished in :;G8. %efore the company changed its name to LST
3ndustries in :;<B, it was known as the Lazir Sultan Tobacco "o.
LST 3ndustries is the third largest cigarette company in 3ndia with ;I of the market.
%etween 788: and 788; the company lost market positioning and saw a 7<I decrease
in volume sales.
o Since 788<, declines in growth have reversed. LST 3ndustries reported a B.CI
increase in volume production for the fiscal year ending in .arch 78:8, as well
as record profits.
LST 3ndustries is an affiliate of %!T, which holds a G7I stake in the company.
The company sells economy priced cigarettes, and has a strong presence in South 3ndia.
o %esides cigarettes, LST 3ndustries also sells unmanufactured and cut
tobacco leaf.
LST 3ndustries has a manufacturing facility located in !ndhar $radesh.
-ebsite& http&EEwww.vsthyd.comE
Go"#( To,!::o/ 'stablished in 3ndia in :;G8 as the first whollyowned 3ndian tobacco
company in the country.2ormally known as ,T" 3ndustries, renamed ,olden Tobacco after
emerging from its retail business in 788<.
,olden Tobacco is the fourth largest cigarette company in 3ndia with :I of the market.
3n 788:, the company controlled :8I of the cigarette market but saw a dramatic
decline in market share and production in 788< after the ta# increase on unfiltered
cigarettes.
3n :;?;, the company was acquired by 1almia ,roup which also has interests in
telecommunications, chemicals, and te#tiles. The 1almia group holds a G>I share of
the company.
The company has two major production facilities in .umbai and %aroda.
-ebsite& http&EEwww.goldentobacco.inEinde#.htm
T%!('(!t&o(!" To,!::o Co-9!(&' 4TTC5 P%'(: &( I(#&!
The e#pansion of TT" in 3ndia has been limited by restrictions on 213 by cigarette companies
in the country. =owever, as described previously, three of the top international tobacco
companies currently have stakes in local manufactures. 1espite restrictions, TT"Ks continue to
focus on 3ndia because of the potential growth of the cigarette market.
B%&t&'h A-%&:!( To,!::o 4BAT5 %!T is a %ritish company headquartered in 6ondon,
'ngland. %!T is ranked third in the global tobacco market.
%!T is a stakeholder in 3T" and LST 3ndustries and owns appro#imately G7I of
each tobacco company.
%!T attempted to increase its stake in 3T" from G7I to C:I but the company has
been prevented from doing so by the 3ndian government and restrictions on 213.
Ph&"&9 Mo%%&' I(t%(!t&o(!" 4PMI5 / $.3 is a @.S. company with headquarters in 6ausanne,
Switzerland. $.3 is ranked second in the global tobacco market behind "hina 4ational
Tobacco "ompany.
$.3 currently owns a 7CI stake in ,odfrey $hillips 3ndia after selling part of its
shares to 55 .odi in 788;.
3n 788;, after years of trying to get approval to independently manufacture Marlboro
cigarettes in 3ndia, $.3 allowed production of its most popular brand to start under
the supervision of ,odfrey $hillips.
J!9!( To,!::o I(t%(!t&o(!" 4JTI5 / The country of *apan is the majority shareholder in *T3
and the company is headquartered in ,eneva, Switzerland. *T3 is ranked fourth in the global
tobacco market.
*T3 currently holds a C8I stake in *T3 3ndia, a joint venture with a .umbaibased
law firm, the Thakkar family.
*T3 has been working since 788< to increase its stake in its 3ndian unit from C8I to
?BI but was prevented from doing so by the 2oreign 3nvestment $romotion board. 3n
early 78:8, *T3 invested A>C million @S1 in its 3ndia unit just days before the 3ndian
government decision to ban 213 in cigarette manufacturing.
*T3 is affiliated with 3T" through the manufacturing of Berkley cigarettes, which
makes up :.GI of the 3ndian cigarette market. !lthough *T3 is the global brand owner
of Berkley, the brand is manufactured in 3ndia by 3T".
L!#&() C&)!%tt B%!(#' P%o-ot# &( I(#&!
"igarette companies aggressively advertise their brands in order to attract new smokers and to
encourage current smokers to switch brands. 2rom .arch 788; to .arch 78:8, cigarette leader
3T" spent C.: billion +s /A::B.? million @S10 on advertising and promotion. !ccording to
'uromonitor 3nternational, cigarette companies are focusing on targeting young urban
consumers and middleupper income consumers. "ompanies are also shifting brands away from
unfiltered variants to filtered variants. 3n 788;, local brand Gold lake had the largest cigarette
market share in 3ndia /G:I0, followed by !ills /:<I0 and "cissors /<I0 all of which are
owned by 3T" ,roup.
M!%3t Sh!% o2 To9 T( I(#&! C&)!%tt B%!(#' Rt!&" Vo"u- 485
B%!(# Co-9!(6 (!- 2..1
,old 2lake 3T" ,roup G:.7
-ills 3T" ,roup :<.7
Scissors 3T" ,roup <.B
2our Square ,odfrey $hillips 3ndia 6td ?.;
"apstan 3T" ,roup ?.B
%ristol 3T" ,roup >.;
"harminar LST 3ndustries 6td B
+ed R -hite ,odfrey $hillips 3ndia 6td G
"harms LST 3ndustries 6td G
"avenders ,odfrey $hillips 3ndia 6td 7.C
CHAPTER B: I(t%o#u:t&o( o2 th Stu#6
L&t%!tu% R$&<
!s part of an evaluation of the :;;8;: antitobacco media campaign carried out by the
"alifornia 1epartment of =ealth Services, a study was conducted among B:? regular smokers
who had quit during the period of the media campaign. 3n brief telephone interviews, all
respondents identified up to three events or e#periences that had influenced them to quit. 3n
response to uncued questions, >.? percent of those interviewed indicated that they had been
influenced to quit by an advertisement they had seen or heard on radio, television, or billboards.
3n response to direct questions about the media campaign, GB.G percent of the respondents
indicated that the media campaign9s advertisement had played a part in their decision to quit.
!pplying the >.? percentage to the number of "alifornians who quit smoking in :;;8;:, it can
be estimated that for GG,888 former smokers, the antitobacco media advertisements were an
important stimulus in their quit decision. .ultiplying the GB.G percent by the number of former
"alifornia smokers who quit in :;;8;:, the estimate of former smokers for whom the media
campaign9s advertisements played at least some part in their decision to quit rises to :?G,888
persons. -hile causal attributions from such investigations should be made with caution, the
evidence suggests that the :;;8;: campaign did influence substantial number of smokers in
"alifornia to quit.
/1o antismoking media campaigns help smokers quitH %y - * $opham, 6 1 $otter, 1 , %al,
. 1 *ohnson, * . 1uerr, and L Uuinn in Pu,"&: H!"th R9o%t Jou%(!" USA+ 111* Ju"/
Au)D 1.C4=5: ?1.E?1*+5
(%*'"T3L'S& -e e#amined the impact of a statewide antismoking media campaign on
progression to established smoking among .assachusetts adolescents. .'T=(1S& -e
conducted a Byear longitudinal survey of C;7 .assachusetts youths, aged :7 to :C years at
baseline in :;;G. -e e#amined the effect of baseline e#posure to television, radio, and outdoor
antismoking advertisements on progression to established smoking /defined as having smoked
:88 or more cigarettes0, using multiple logistic regression and controlling for age; se#; race;
baseline smoking status; smoking by parents, friends, and siblings; television viewing; and
e#posure to antismoking messages not related to the media campaign. +'S@6TS& !mong
younger adolescents /aged :7 to :G years at baseline0, those reporting baseline e#posure to
television antismoking advertisements were significantly less likely to progress to established
smoking /odds ratio V 8.B;, ;CI confidence interval V 8.7>, 8.;G0. '#posure to television
antismoking advertisements had no effect on progression to established smoking among older
adolescents /aged :B to :C years at baseline0, and there were no effects of e#posure to radio or
outdoor advertisements. "(4"6@S3(4S& These results suggest that the television component
of the .assachusetts antismoking media campaign may have reduced the rate of progression to
established smoking among young adolescents.
/!dults9 response to .assachusetts antitobacco television advertisements& impact of viewer and
advertisement characteristics 6. %iener, ,. .c"allum5eeler, and !. 4yman in Tob "ontrol.
7888 1ecember; ;/B0& B8:PB8?. doi& :8.::G>Etc.;.B.B8:0
The impact of the antismoking campaign on the consumption of cigarettes is measured
by fitting cigarette demand functions to precampaign dat, projecting )ahead) as if the campaign
had not occurred, and then comparing these predictions with realized consumption. The analysis
suggests that major )events) in the campaign /e.g., the Surgeon ,eneral9s +eport0 caused
immediate though transitory decreases of B to C per cent in annual per capita consumption.
=owever, the cumulative effect of persistent publicity supported by other public policies, has
been substantial& in the absence of the campaign, per capita consumption likely would have
e#ceeded its actual :;?C value by 78 to G8 per cent. This is a conservative indication of the
effectiveness of the campaign, for it ignores other potentially important and desirable behavior
changes, such as the shift to low )tar) and nicotine cigarettes.
/The effects of the antismoking campaign on cigarette consumption. %y 5 ' -arner !merican
*ournal of $ublic =ealth *uly :;??& Lol. >?, 4o. ?, pp. >BC>C80
B!:3)%ou(# o2 th Stu#6
!ddiction to tobacco is both physical and psychological. 'very smoker knows how difficult it is
to stop smoking or even cut down. +educing the amount you smoke is a start P and better than
nothing, but the ultimate goal should be to quit altogether. !nd, as many e#smokers will tell
you, it9s possible.
There are two parts to addiction.
$hysical addiction occurs because you become addicted to the nicotine in the cigarette.
This addiction causes real withdrawal symptoms if you cut down or quit.
$sychological addiction occurs because smoking becomes part of your daily routine.
This means if you want to cut down or quit, you will have to change your habits.
.any smokers give up not only because of the health risks to themselves, but also to those
around them, while others choose to give up in order to save money or to stop smoking from
interrupting their daily routines. !nd some just want to feel better and for their clothes to
smell better.
Uuitting smoking is a tough thing to do that needs time and one should not give up following the
process. Fou first must take note of the time that you are most likely to get tempted to smoke;
this can be when you are out with friends, when you feel you are stressed, as you drive, or even
when drinking either coffee or alcohol. !fter this you must record all the time that you smoke in
a diary, record also the activity that you are doing at that time.
To keep off your smoking habits, you must do some activity that will make you stay away from
cigarettes or do something that will not trigger the urge for you to smoke, for instance you can
drink tea instead of coffee, tea does not trigger the urge to smoke. Fou can take a walk when
you feel stressed. $retend to smoke a straw when the urge is too much. =ard candy is also
helpful.
Uuitting smoking is a process that cannot happen overnight, thus you must do it in a systematic
manner, for e#ample before the target quit date that you have set, you should reduce the
frequency of cigarette smoking or even the strength of the cigarette. !lso you should get rid of
all things that smell of smoke, they could be clothes or furniture.
P%o,"- St!t-(t o2 th Stu#6
W1'T'+.3434, T=' $+(236' !41 $'+"'$T3(4S (2 T=' "3,!+'TT' S.(5'+S
T(-!+1S U@3TT34, S.(534, 1@' T( !4T3S.(534, "!.$!3,4S T( U@3T
T='3+ =!%3T.X
O,A:t&$' o2 th Stu#6
R'!%:h O,A:t&$':
:. To e#plore the dynamics scenario of cigarette smoking in 3ndia as well as
globally.
7. To e#plore the consumption pattern of cigarette smokers.
G. To understand the perceptions of smokers towards the harms caused by smoking
and their perspectives on quitting smoking habit.
B. To understand the influencing factors which lead the consumers to try quit
smoking.
C. To e#plore the awareness level of smokers regarding W!ntiSmoking
"ampaigns.X

H69oth'&'
= & There is no significant relationship in changing behavior of regular smoker
towards smoking habit due to antismoking campaigns.
=:& There is significant relationship in changing behavior of regular smoker towards
smoking habit due to antismoking campaigns.
CHAPTER C: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3t uses a combination of '#ploratory +esearch and 1escriptive +esearch.
DATA COLLECTION:
$+3.!+F S(@+"'S
Structured Uuestionnaire
S'"(41!+F S(@+"'S
3nternet
.agazine
4ewspapers
*ournals
-ebsites
SAMPLING DESIGN:
S!.$634, S3D'& :88
S!.$634, T'"=43U@'& "onvenience Sampling
1!T' "(66'"T3(4 34ST+@.'4T& Structured Uuestionnaire
DATA ANALY!
AND
!NT"#$#"TAT!%N
15 DO YOU SMOKEF
2requency $ercent Lalid $ercent
"umulative
$ercent
Y' <G <G.8 <G.8 <G.8
No :? :?.8 :?.8 :88.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+. 1..+.
CROSS TABULATION OF DO YOU SMOKE AND AGE
Do 6ou '-o3F
A)
Tot!"
B"o< to 2.
6!%
21 to 2? 6!% 20 to *. 6!% A,o$ *. 6!%
Y' :7 B> ; :> C*
No : :> 8 8 1B
Tot!" 1* 02 1 10 1..
CHI/SGUARE TESTS
Lalue df !symp. Sig. /7sided0
$earson "hiSquare ;.G7>
a
G 8.87C
4 of Lalid "ases :88
CROSS TABULATION OF DO YOU SMOKE AND OCCUPATION
Do You
S-o3F
O::u9!t&o(
Tot!"
Stu#(t' Bu'&(''-!( P%o2''&o(!" E-9"o6'
Oth%7 P"!'
S9:&26
Y' BC :? ? :: G C*
No :G 7 : : 8 1B
Tot!" ?C 11 C 12 * 1..
CHI/SGUARE TESTS
Lalue df !symp. Sig. /7sided0
#earson $%i-"&uare '(1')
a
4 *(5'5
4 of Lalid "ases :88
do you smoke? * gender Crosstabulation
Count
gender Total
male female
do you smoke?
yes 82 1 83
no 7 10 17
Total 89 11 100
Value df Asymp. Sg. !2"
sded#
$earson C%"S&uare '7.8'9
a
1 .000
( of Vald Cases 100
INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart we see that <G I people are doing smoking and while compare with age and
occupation we will find out that majority people are students whose age is 7: to 7C years. .ajor
reason behind the smoking is high life style and habit.
-hile doing cross tabulation with do you smoke and occupation we will find out that major of
the students BC are doing smoking and :G students are not to doing smoking. -hile only ?
professional people who are doing smoking.
3n the above table you can see that chi square tests are null hypothesis
=5 WHAT DO YOU SMOKEF
2requency $ercent Lalid $ercent "umulative $ercent
C&)!%tt ?8 ?8.8 <B.G <B.G
B&##& ? ?.8 <.B ;7.<
C&)!% : :.8 :.7 ;B.8
Hu33! C C.8 >.8 :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&()
S6't-
:? :?.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+.
H. S-o3&() &' (ot '&)(&2&:!(t"6 #9(#!(t o( A)
H1 S-o3&() &' '&)(&2&:!(t"6 #9(#!(t o( A)
CROSS TABULATION OF WHAT DO YOU SMOKE AND AGE
Wh!t #o 6ou
'-o3F
A)
Tot!"
B"o< to 2.
6!%
21 to 2?
6!%
20 to *.
6!%
A,o$ *.
6!%
C&)!%tt :: G; ; :: B.
B&##& 8 7 8 C B
C&)!% : 8 8 8 1
Hu33! 8 C 8 8 ?
Tot!" 12 =0 1 10 C*
Ch&/SHu!% T't' 2o% <h!t #o 6ou '-o3 !(# !)
Lalue df !symp. Sig. /7
sided0
$earson "hiSquare 7G.7;>
a
; .88>
4 of Lalid "ases <G
!s the value of the !symp. Significance is 8.88> it indicates that the alternate hypothesis is
accepted which states that what respondents Smoke is dependent on age. !s per the table it is
evident that most of the respondents are smoking cigarette. 3f the data is divided into two parts,
i.e. below 7C years of age and above 7C years of age, it is clear that total of C< />;.<I0
respondents are smoking out of <G who are under 7C years, and total of 7C /G8.7I0 out of <G.
(n the basis of the crosstabulation most of the smokers are below 7C years of age and most of
them are smoking cigarette /<B.GGI0
H. S-o3&() &' (ot '&)(&2&:!(t"6 #9(#!(t o( O::u9!t&o(
H1 S-o3&() &' '&)(&2&:!(t"6 #9(#!(t o( O::u9!t&o(
CROSS TABULATION OF WHAT DO YOU SMOKE AND OCCUPATION
Wh!t Do You
S-o3F
O::u9!t&o(
Tot!"
Stu#(t' Bu'&(''-!( P%o2''&o(!" E-9"o6'
Oth%7 P"!'
S9:&26
C&)!%tt G; :B C ; G ?8
B&##& : G : 7 8 ?
C&)!% : 8 8 8 8 :
Hu33! B 8 : 8 8 C
Tot!" =? 1B B 11 * C*
INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart we can see that the <BI
people are doing smoke as cigarettes. -hen
compare with the age and occupation it is
define that 7: to 7C years people are
consuming cigarettes and majority of them are
students.
!s the asymp sig is 8.:>< it suggests that there is no relation between what respondents smoke
and their occupation.
?5 WHICH BRAND DO YOU USEF
B%&'to" > >.8 ?.7 ?.7
Fou% SHu% :> :>.8 :;.G 7>.C
Go"# F"!3 7> 7>.8 G:.G C?.<
W&""' :8 :8.8 :7.8 >;.;
B"!:3 > >.8 ?.7 ??.:
M!%",o%o C C.8 >.8 <G.:
S9:&!" T"9ho( B&##& 7 7.8 7.B <C.C
T"9ho( B&##& B B.8 B.< ;8.B
H!(#-!# B&##& : :.8 :.7 ;:.>
Oth% ? ?.8 <.B :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+.
CHI/SGUARE TESTS
Lalue df
!symp. Sig. /7
sided0
$earson "hiSquare :>.CBC
a
:7 .:><
4 of Lalid "ases <G
CROSS TABULATION OF WHICH BRAND DO YOU USE AND MONTHLY INCOME
Mo(th"6 I(:o-
Wh&:h ,%!(# #o 6ou u'F
B"o<
1....
11... To
2....
21... To
=....
Mo%
Th!(
=....
Not
E!%(&()
%ristol 7 : 8 : 7
2our squre : G : : :8
,old flake G ; : 8 :G
-ills G G 8 8 B
%lack 8 G 8 8 G
.arlboro : : : 8 7
Special Telephone biddi 8 7 8 8 8
Telephone biddi 8 G 8 8 :
=andmade biddi 8 : 8 8 8
(ther : : 8 : B
Tot!" 11 2B * * *1
CHI/SGUARE TESTS
Lalue df
!symp. Sig. /7
sided0
$earson "hiSquare G:.?C8
a
G> .>?:
4 of Lalid "ases <G
INTERPRETATION&
3n the above chart we can see that :>I people are consuming four squares and 7>I people are
consuming gold flakes.
-hile compare with income majority people are students and they are not earning. This is
economically not good for the society and particularly their health. !s the results of the chi
square test the relationship between brands respondents smoke and their income cannot be
proved.
05 SINCE HOW MANY YEARS YOU ARE SMOKINGF
"umulative
$ercent
S&(: "!'t 1 6!% 7? 7?.8 G7.C G7.C
2 to * 7? 7?.8 G7.C >C.:
= to ? :G :G.8 :C.? <8.?
Mo% th!( ? 6!% :> :>.8 :;.G :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() '6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" :88 :88.8
CROSS TABULATION OF SINCE HOW MANY YEARS ARE SMOKING AND OCCUPATION
S&(: ho< -!(6 6!%'
!% '-o3&()F
O::u9!t&o(
Tot!"
Stu#(t' Bu'&(''-!( P%o2''&o(!" E-9"o6'
Oth%7 P"!'
S9:&26
S&(: "!'t 1 6!% 7G : : : : 2B
2 to * :G < G G 8 2B
= to ? C G : B 8 1*
Mo% th!( ? 6!% B C 7 G 7 10
Tot!" =? 1B B 11 * C*
CROSS TABULATION OF SINCE HOW MANY YEARS ARE SMOKINGF AND AGE
S&(: ho< -!(6 6!%' !% '-o3&()F
A)
Tot!"
,"o< to
2. 6!%
21 to 2?
6!%
20 to *.
6!%
!,o$ *.
6!%
S&(: "!'t 1 6!% C 78 7 8 2B
2 to * > :7 C B 2B
= to ? 8 < : B 1*
Mo% th!( ? 6!% : > : < 10
Tot!" 12 =0 1 10 C*
INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart we can see that G7.CI people are doing smoking since last one year and 7 to
G year.
-hile doing cross tab with occupation and age in occupation majority people are students who
are doing smoking since last one year. .ajority people who are doing smoking last one year
their age is 7: to 7C years.
B5 IN A DAY7 HOW MANY CIGARETTEIBIDDI DO YOU SMOKEF
1 To * B< B<.8 C?.< C?.<
= To 0 7C 7C.8 G8.: <<.8
B To 1 B B.8 B.< ;7.<
Mo% Th!( 1. > >.8 ?.7 :88.8
Tot!"
<G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't-
:? :?.8
Tot!"
:88 :88.8
INTERPRETATION&
3n the above chart C?.
Uuestion no. <. $lease give you opinion for the following /$lease Tick mark the relevant0

St%o()"6
!)%
A)% I(#&22%(t D&'!)%
St%o()"6
#&'!)%
Tot!"
I Gt P"!'u% I( S-o3&() 7G 7? :; :: G <G
S-o3&() R#u:' St%'' 7C GB :8 :: G <G
S-o3&() H"9' I(
Lo<%&() T('&o(
:C G> :< ; C <G
ItJ' Ju't A H!,&t :: GC 77 :7 G <G
Ju't To T&- P!'' > 7: 7> 77 < <G
H&)h Wo%3 P%''u%
C!u'' To S-o3
:B 7: 77 7: C <G
WEIGHTED AVERAGE

St%o()"6
A)%
A)% I(#&22%(t D&'!)%
St%o()"6
D&'!)%
Total !ve.
I Gt P"!'u% I( S-o3&() 7G CB C? BB :C :;G :7.;
S-o3&() R#u:' St%'' 7C >< G8 BB :C :<7 :7.:
S-o3&() H"9' I( Lo<%&()
T('&o(
:C ?7 CB G> 7C 787 :G.C
ItJ' Ju't A H!,&t :: ?8 >> B< :C 7:8 :B.8
Ju't To T&- P!'' > B7 ?< << B8 7CB :>.;
H&)h Wo%3 P%''u% C!u''
To S-o3
:B B7 >> <B 7C 7G: :C.B
R!'o( 2o% '-o3&()
W&)ht#
A$%!)
Smoking +educes Stress :7.:
3 ,et $leasure 3n Smoking :7.;
Smoking =elps 3n 6owering Tension :G.C
3t9s *ust ! =abit :B.8
=igh -ork $ressure "auses To Smoke :C.B
*ust To Time $ass :>.;
INTERPRETATION
The weightage assigned to each of the factor; strongly agree is assigned :, 7 is assigned to agree,
G is assigned to 3ndifferent, B is assigned to 1isagree and C is assigned to Strongly 1isagree. !s
the weightages given the factor with the lowest weighted average would mean that it is the most
important factor for the respondents. 3t also means that for most of the respondents YSmoking
+educes StressK is the primary reason for smoking.
FACTOR ANALYSIS
KMO AND BARTLETTJS TEST
5aiser.eyer(lkin .easure of Sampling !dequacy. .>C;
%artlett9s Test of Sphericity
!ppro#. "hiSquare C?.:CG
df :C
Sig. .888
Tot!" V!%&!(: E>9"!&(#
"omponent
3nitial 'igenvalues
'#traction Sums of Squared
6oadings
+otation Sums of Squared 6oadings
Total
I of
Lariance
"umulative
I
Total
I of
Lariance
"umulative
I
Total
I of
Lariance
"umulative
I
: 7.8;< GB.;>; GB.;>; 7.8;< GB.;>; GB.;>; :.><< 7<.:G? 7<.:G?
7 :.:<< :;.?;< CB.?>? :.:<< :;.?;< CB.?>? :.C;< 7>.>G CB.?>?
G 8.<C: :B.:<.;C7
B 8.??C :7.;7B <:.<?C
C 8.C>: ;.GB? ;:.777
> 8.C7? <.??< :88
ROTATED COMPONENT MATRIK
"omponent
: 7
3 ,et $lesure 3n Smoking 8.?BG
Smoking =elps 3n 6owering Tension 8.?
Smoking +educes Stress 8.>:B 8.BB
=igh -ork $ressure "auses To Smoke 8.GG; 8.?GC
*ust To Time $ass 8.>C7
3t9s *ust ! =abit 8.>B;
F!:to%' St!t-(t'
2or ,etting $leasureETo +educe
Stress
3 ,et $leasure 3n Smoking
Smoking =elps 3n 6owering Tension
Smoking +educes Stress
=igh -ork $ressure "auses To Smoke
*ust %ecause (f =abitETime $ass
*ust To Time $ass
3t9s *ust ! =abit
INTERPRETATION
3n the first table we can see that as per 5.( !41 %!+T6'TT9S T'ST sampling adequacy is .>C;
which is above .C therefore the data is appropriate for the factor analysis. -hile in the second
table we can see that there are two 'igenvalues above : which indicates that there are two
factors, which is contributes CBI of total variance.

3n the third table we can see that factor one is focusing on just getting pleasure and reduces
stress. -hile second factor is focusing on just time pass and because of habit
15 HOW MUCH DO YOU THINK THAT SMOKING HARMSF
F%Hu(:6 P%:(t
V!"&#
P%:(t
Cu-u"!t&$
P%:(t
St%o()"6 A)% ; ; :8.< :8.<
A)% C< C< >;.; <8.?
I(#&22%(t :: :: :G.G ;B
D&'!)% : : :.7 ;C.7
St%o()"6 D&'!)% B B B.< :88
Tot!" C* C* 1..
M&''&() S6't- 1B 1B
Tot!" 1.. 1..
INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart we will find out that majority people /<8.?I0 are agree with the statement
that smoking is harmful.
CROSSTABULATION HIGH WORK PRESSURE CAUSES TO SMOKE L IN A DAY7 HOW MANY
CIGARETTEIBIDDI DO YOU SMOKEF
H&)h Wo%
3 P%''u% C!u'' To
S-o3
I( A D!67 Ho< M!(6 C&)!%ttIB&##& Do You S-o3F
Tot!"
1 To * = To 0 B To 1 Mo% Th!( 1.
St%o()"6 A)% :8 G : 8 1=
A)% :8 :: 8 8 21
I(#&22%(t :G ? 7 8 22
D&'!)% :G G 8 C 21
St%o()"6 D&'!)% 7 : : : ?
Tot!" =C 2? = 0 C*
INTERPRETATION
3n the above chart we can see that while making comparison with high pressure causes to smoke
and in a day how many cigarettes do you smoke under which major people are in a day consume
cigarettes : to G. -hile nobody people are doing smoke more than :8 cigarattes.
Uuestion no. :8. =ow much do you think that smoking affects the healthH /$lease tick mark
the relevant0
WEIGHTED AVERAGE:
: 7 G B C Total
strongly
agree
agree
indifferen
t
disagre
e
strongly
disagree
smoking is harmfulEto#ic G8 GC < < 7 <G
smoking damage body R organ 78 B? < C G <G
smoking causes of cancer 7G B8 :: > G <G
smoking causes circulatory problems C GB 7> :B B <G
smoking causes high blood pressures B 77 7: 7G :G <G
smoking causes lack of concentration > :8 7: GB :7 <G
smoking causes depression 7 :G :; 7; 78 <G
smoking causes headache G :B 78 7G 7G <G
strongl
y agree
agree indifferent disagree
strongly
disagree
smoking is harmfulEto#ic G8 ?8 7B G7 :8 :>>
smoking damage body R organ 78 ;B 7B 78 :C :?G
smoking causes of cancer 7G <8 GG 7B :C :?C
smoking causes circulatory problems C >< ?< C> 78 77?
smoking causes high blood pressures B BB >G ;7 >C 7><
smoking causes lack of
concentration
> 78 >G :G> >8 7<C
smoking causes depression 7 7> C? ::> :88 G8:
smoking causes headache G 7< >8 ;7 ::C 7;<
INTERPRETATION
3n the above table we can see that reason are divided in to the different category -here
-eighted average : is strongly agree, average 7 is agree, average G is indifferent, average B is
disagree, average C is strongly disagree.
3n the last table we can see that smoking is harmfulEto#ic is most important reason while
smoking causes are less important in the table.
FACTOR ANALYSIS
KMO AND BARTLETTJS TEST
5aiser.eyer(lkin .easure of Sampling !dequacy. .?G<
%artlett9s Test of Sphericity
!ppro#. "hiSquare GCG.>G;
1f BC
Sig. .888
TOTAL VARIANCE EKPLAINED
"omponent
3nitial 'igenvalues '#traction Sums of Squared 6oadings +otation Sums of Squared 6oadings
Total I of Lariance "umulative I Total I of Lariance "umulative I Total I of Lariance "umulative I
: B.8:? BB.>GG BB.>GG B.8:? BB.>GG BB.>GG 7.;8G G7.7CG G7.7CG
7 :.?C; :;.CBC >B.:?< :.?C; :;.CBC >B.:?< 7.<?G G:.;7C >B.:?<
G .<BG ;.G>: ?G.CG;
B .>>G ?.G>B <8.;8B
C .BC: C.8:7 <C.;:>
> .B77 B.> G.>:? ;<.BGB
; .:B: :.C>> :88.888
INTERPRETATION
in the above table we can see that kmo sampling adequesy is .?G< which is more than .C there
for a data which is apropriate for the factor analysis.
3n the total varienance table those eganvalues are above : is consider as >BI so it more
contributd in to it.
115 HAVE YOU EVER TRIED GUITTING SMOKINGF
Y' >: >:.8 ?G.C ?G.C
No 77 77.8 7>.C :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&()
S6't-
:? :?.8
Tot!" :88 :88.8
INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart we can see that most of people will try to quitting smoking. There are >:I
people are trying to quit smoking and remaining people are not to trying to quit smoking.
125 ARE YOU AWARE ABOUT ANTI SMOKING CAMPAIGNF
Y' ?C ?C.8 ;8.B ;8.B
No < <.8 ;.> :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&()
S6't-
:? :?.8
Tot!" :88 :88.8
INTERPRETATION:

3n the above chart we will find out that majority people are aware about the anti P smoking
campaign
1*5 WHICH MAY FACTOR LEAD YOU TO TRY TO GUIT SMOKINGF
"umulative
$ercent
H!"th 7> 7>.8 G:.G G:.G
Co't :C :C.8 :<.: B;.B
F!-&"6 7; 7;.8 GB.; <B.G
I(2"u(: O2 A(t& S-o3&()
C!-9!&)('
:7 :7.8 :B.C ;<.<
Oth% : :.8 :.7 :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" :88 :88.8
INTERPRETATION&
3n the above chart we can see that the major factor leads to quit smoking is health R family
pressure. %ecause it is ultimately affected to the family member R related their cost.
1=5 HOW MUCH DO YOU THINK SMOKING IS COSTLYF
F%Hu(:6 P%:(t V!"&# P%:(t Cu-u"!t&$ P%:(t
V%6 Mu:h Co't"6 77 77.8 7>.C 7>.C
So-<h!t Co't"6 G8 G8.8 G>.: >7.?
L&tt" Co't"6 7? 7?.8 G7.C ;C.7
Not At A"" Co't"6 B B.8 B.< :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" :88 :88.8
INTERPRETATION&
3n the above chart we see that the most of the people who are thinking that smoking is somewhat
costly and little costly while 7>.CI people are thinking that smoking is too much costly for
them. +emaining B.<I people are doesnKt matter with the cost of smoking.
1?5 HOW MUCH DO YOU THINK YOUR FAMILY GETS AFFECTED BY YOUR
HABIT OF SMOKINGF

2requency $ercent
Lalid
$ercent
"umulative $ercent
M6 F!-&"6 M-,% A% U(!<!% A,out M6 H!,&t O2
S-o3&()
CG CG.8 >G.; >G.;
M6 F!-&"6 M-,%' A% A<!% A,out S-o3&() But
Th6 A% I(#&22%(t To It+
:; :;.8 77.; <>.?
M6 F!-&"6 M-,% A% Fo%:&() M To Gu&t S-o3&() ? ?.8 <.B ;C.7
A::o%#&() To Th- I A"%!#6 Gu&t S-o3 B B.8 B.< :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+.
INTERPRETATION&
3n the above chart we analyzing that >G.;I people are showing that accordingly to their family
are not aware about their habit. -hile 77.;I their families are pressure on them to quit smoking
habit. !nd B.< people are who is already quit smoke but they are not really quit smoking.
105 ADVERTISEMENT
M#&! Y' No Tot!"
Television >C :< <G
"inema C< 7C <G
%ill G? B> <G
(thers 7? C> <G
INTERPRETATION&
(n the basis of finding that ?<I people are aware about the television antismoking campaign
while remaining other are doesnKt know about the campaign.
(n the basis of finding that ?;.;I people are aware about to the anti smoking campaign through
cinema advertiesment because most of the people are watching movie in multiple# majority
among them are youth.
3n the chart we can see that the 7?I people are aware about to the other way of getting
information of anti smoking campaign like online or seminar through etc
1C5 4BILLBOARDS5 WHAT EKTENT YOU WILL GUIT SMOKINGF
Statement
F%Hu(:6 P%:(t
V!"&#
P%:(t
Cu-u"!t&$
P%:(t
I D2&(&t"6 Gu&t S-o3&() GG GG.8 G;.< G;.;.;
I(#&22%(t To Th A#$%t&'-(t ? ?.8 <.B ?<.G
I M!6 Not Gu&t S-o3&() :G :G.8 :C.? ;B.8
I W&"" Not Gu&t S-o3&() C C.8 >.8 :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+.
INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart we can see that billboard picture are make impact of GGI people believe that
it is definitely affect to them for quitting smoking. !nd >I people are believe that billboard
doesnKt make affect to them
2.5 4TELEVISION ADS5 WHAT EKTENT YOU WILL GUIT SMOKINGF
F%Hu(:6 P%:(t V!"&# P%:(t
Cu-u"!t&$
P%:(t
I D2&(&t"6 W&"" Gu&t S-o3&() 7; 7;.8 GB.; GB.;
I M!6 Gu&t S-o3&() G< G<.8 BC.< <8.?
I(#&22%(t To Th
A#$%t&'-(t
? ?.8 <.B <;.7
I M!6 Not Gu&t S-o3&() C C.8 >.8 ;C.7
I W&"" Not Gu&t S-o3&() B B.8 B.< :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+.
INTERPRETATION&
3n the above chart we can say that television picture are BC.<I affected to highly quit to
smoking while B..: G>.:
I M!6 Gu&t S-o3&() 7< 7<.8 GG.? >;.;
I(#&22%(t To Th
A#$%t&'-(t
:> :>.8 :;.G <;.7
I M!6 Not Gu&t S-o3&() C C.8 >.8 ;C.7
I W&"" Not Gu&t S-o3&() B B.8 B.< :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+.

INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart we can see that G>.:I people are believe that cinema advertisement make
impact on him to quit to smoking definitely. -hile GG.?I people believe that it makes impact
on them to quit smoke.
2=5 4OTHER5 WHAT EKTENT YOU WILL GUIT SMOKINGF
F%Hu(:6 P%:(t V!"&# P%:(t
Cu-u"!t&$
P%:(t
I D2&(&t"6 W&"" Gu&t S-o3&() 7< 7<.8 GG.? GG.?
I M!6 Gu&t S-o3&() G< G<.8 BC.< ?;.C
I(#&22%(t To Th
A#$%t&'-(t
> >.8 ?.7 <>.?
I M!6 Not Gu&t S-o3&() < <.8 ;.> ;>.B
I W&"" Not Gu&t S-o3&() G G.8 G.> :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+.
INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart other way picture are like bypass surgery or body cancer picture make it
impact on them to quit smoking. These picture GG.?I are definitely affect to the quit smoking.
2?5 IN FUTURE DO YOU PLAN TO GUIT SMOKINGF
F%Hu(:6 P%:(t V!"&# P%:(t
Cu-u"!t&$
P%:(t
W&"" Gu&t S-o3&() V%6
Soo(+++++++++++
B8 B8.8 B<.7 B<.7
M!6 T!3 Lo() P%&o# O2
T&- I( Gu&tt&() S-o3&()
G8 G8.8 G>.: <B.G
I W&"" N$% Gu&t S-o3&() :G :G.8 :C.? :88.8
Tot!" <G <G.8 :88.8
M&''&() S6't- :? :?.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+.
INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart B<.7I people are thinking to that they are very soon quit the smoking habit
while :C.?I people are doesnKt matter they did not give smoking habit.
CROSS TABULATION OF IN FUTURE DO YOU PLAN TO GUIT SMOKING AND OCCUPATION
I( Futu% Do You P"!( To
Gu&t S-o3&()F
O::u9!t&o(
Tot!"
Stu#(t' Bu'&(''-!( P%o2''&o(!" E-9"o6'
Oth%7 P"!'
S9:&26
W&"" Gu&t S-o3&() V%6
Soo(+++++++++++
7? ? 7 G : =.
M!6 T!3 Lo() P%&o# O2
T&- I( Gu&tt&() S-o3&()
:: ? B > 7 *.
I W&"" N$% Gu&t S-o3&() ? G : 7 8 1*
Tot!" =? 1B B 11 * C*
CROSS TABULATION OF IN FUTURE DO YOU PLAN TO GUIT SMOKING AND AGE
I( Futu% Do You P"!( To
Gu&t S-o3&()F
A)
Tot!"
B"o< To 2.
Y!%
21 To 2? Y!% 20 To *. Y!% A,o$ *. Y!%
W&"" Gu&t S-o3&() V%6
Soo(+++++++++++
> 7C B C =.
M!6 T!3 Lo() P%&o# O2
T&- I( Gu&tt&() S-o3&()
G :C B < *.
I W&"" N$% Gu&t S-o3&() G > : G 1*
Tot!" 12 =0 1 10 C*
INTERPRETATION:
3n the above chart while making comparison with occupation and age under which people who
are quitting smoking habit is students while other are take few time period to give up smoking
habit. !nd majority people are thinking to quit smoking whose age between 7: to 7C years.
PERSONAL INFORMATION
A)
"umulative
$ercent
B"o< To 2. Y!% :G :G.8 :G.8 :G.8
21 To 2? Y!% >7 >7.8 >7.8 ?C.8
20 To *. Y!% ; ;.8 ;.8 <B.8
A,o$ *. Y!% :> :>.8 :>.8 :88.8
Tot!" :88 :88.8 :88.8
INTERPRETATION
3n the above chart we can see that majority people who are fill up the questationnaire whose age
is between 7: to 7C years. -hile only ;I people whose age between 7> to G8. So in this project
report majority people which is consider are young people.
GENDER
F%Hu(:6 P%:(t V!"&# P%:(t
Cu-u"!t&$
P%:(t
M!" <; <;.8 <;.8 <;.8
F-!" :: ::.8 ::.8 :88.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+. 1..+.
INTERPRETATION
3n the above chart we can see that majority people who fill up questationnaire is male. %ecause
we believe that most of the people who are smokers are basically male.
OCCUPPATION
F%Hu(:6 P%:(t V!"&# P%:(t
Cu-u"!t&$
P%:(t
Stu#(t' C< C<.8 C<.8 C<.8
Bu'&(''-!( :; :;.8 :;.8 ??.8
P%o2''&o(!" < <.8 <.8 <C.8
E-9"o6' :7 :7.8 :7.8 ;?.8
Oth%7 P"!' S9:&26 G G.8 G.8 :88.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+. 1..+.
INTERPRETATION
3n the above chart we can see that majority people who are consider in the survey are students.
-hile :;I people who are businessman. (nly <I people who are professional. %ecause in to
the corporate world many of the place smoking is prohibited.
MONTHLY INCOME
F%Hu(:6 P%:(t V!"&# P%:(t
Cu-u"!t&$
P%:(t
B"o< 1.... :: ::.8 ::.8 ::.8
11... To 2.... G: G:.8 G:.8 B7.8
21... To =.... G G.8 G.8 BC.8
Mo% Th!( =.... G G.8 G.8 B<.8
Not E!%(&() C7 C7.8 C7.8 :88.8
Tot!" 1.. 1..+. 1..+.
INTERPRETATION
3n the above chart we can see that majority people who are not earning while G:I people who
are earning monthly ::888 to 78888 rupees. !nd there are only GI people whose monthly
income is above more than B8888 rupees.
234134,S
:0 <GI people are doing smoking in the current period of time
70 (n the basis of finding in the current period of time
CC I people are doing smoking whose age is 7: to 7C years
There are CBI most of the people who are students doing smoking.
G0 <BI people are preferring to smoke cigarette while only :.7I people are
smoking as cigar
B0 G:.GI people are using smoke in gold flake cigarettes. !nd there are number of
people who are not earning R still they are doing smoking.
C0 .ost of people are doing smoking since last : to 7 year.
>0 .ajority people are student and when age compared with most of the people are
7: to 7C years.
?0 C?. < people are doing smoke : to G cigarettesEbiddi per day.
<0 .ajority people are reliving that smoking damage to the body organ R cause to
the cancer.
>;.;I people who are agreeing with smoking are harmful.
?G.CI people who trying to quit smoking.
;8.BI people are aware about antismoking.
;0 .ost of the people who are not attracting toward the picture of smoking.
:80 GB.;I people are quit smoking due to the pressure of family R health.
::0 .ost of the people are thinking to that smoking is harmful in to the public place
as well as home.
:70 .ajority people are affected due to the picture of cinema campaign
advertisement
BC..:I most of the people are believe that they are definitely quit /after
watching cinema advertisement0 smoking.
-hile billboard picture doesnKt make impact on people mind.
(nline advertisement campaign picture also make impact on people mind.
:G0 B<.7I people who are thinking they are quit smoke very soonZ.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
6ike every research, this project will also have some limitations&
o A%!& The research is limited to certain level only, if the same
research would have been carried in other metro cities, the results
could vary.
o T&- 9%&o#& 1urations of few months would not give a holistic
perspective to the observations made.
o S!-9" S&;& The last limitation is Sample size, taken by us is :88
only; due to which we may not get proper results
.
o I(t%'t: Some of the respondents were not interested to give
answers. Therefore, it adversely affected the objective of study.
"(4"6@S3(4
(n the basis of finding we are analysis and summarized in report that most of people are
smoker is students and their age is between 7: to 7C year and also they are not earning
person.
.ost of the people are aware about the anti smoking campaign.
These smoking campaigns create awareness in the mind of people as well as society.
There are :B.CI people are quit smoking due to the anti smoking campaign.
They are also aware about the antismoking campaign but not to take in proper care and
manner.
So thatKs why they are facing such problem regarding to their health.
.ajor factor which is facing by people due to smoking is smoking is harmful and to#ic.
S@,,'ST3(4
,ive adverting in proper inform local languages.
,ive proper education regarding antismoking campaign of smoking.
5eep seminar where focus in more and more youth generation
5eep aware them for the injurious problem due to the smoking of cigarettes.
Strictly follow rules and regulation for prohibition to the use.
+estriction for selling and consuming of cigarette Ebiddi below the age of :< years.
!44'[@+'
T=' 3.$!"T (2 !4T3S.(534, "!.$!3,4 (4 S.(5'+S
Uuestioner
!e are +%e s+uden+s of M,M, -,"N.G./( !e wan+ +o conduc+ a sur0ey on 1 2%e
,34ac+ of .n+i-"3oking $a34aign on "3okers 5 we %o4e +%a+ you will
gi0e us co-o4era+ion in filling +%is &ues+ionnaire(
-e ensure you that the answers given by you will be strictl y kept confidential
and will be used for academi c purposes only.
:. 1o you smokeH
Fes
4o
3f yes, than answer the following question no. B
3f no, than answer the following question no. 7 R G and then directly fill the personal
information.
7. -hy donKt you smokeH
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
G. 3f not smoking than do you have any of the habitH
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
B. -hat do you smokeH
"igarette
%iddi
"igar
=ukka
(ther, please specify \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
C. -hich brand do you useH
%ristol
2our square
,old flake
-ills
%lack
.arlboro
,anesh biddi /C8:0
Special telephone biddi
Telephone %iddi
!janta biddi
$atel biddi
=andmade biddi
(ther, please specify \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
>. Since how many years you are smokingH
Since last : year
7 to G
B to C
.ore than C year
?. 3n a day, how many cigarettesEbiddi do you smokeH
: to G
B to >
? to ;
.ore than :8
<. $lease give you opinion for the following /$lease Tick mark the relevant0
Strongly
!gree
!gree 3ndifferent 1isagree
Strongly
1isagree
3 get pleasure in smoking
Smoking reduces stress
Smoking helps in lowering
tension
3tKs just a habit
*ust to time pass
=igh work pressure causes to
smoke
;. =ow much do you think that smoking harmsH /$lease tick mark the relevant0
Strongly !gree !gree 3ndifferent 1isagree
Strongly
1isagree
:8. =ow much do you think that smoking affects the healthH /$lease tick mark the relevant0
Strongly
!gree
!gree 3ndifferent 1isagree
Strongly
1isagree
Smoking is harmful E to#ic
Smoking damage body E organ
Smoking causes cancer
Smoking causes circulatory
problem
Smoking causes reproductive
problem
Smoking causes high %lood
$ressure
Smoking causes lack of
concentration
Smoking causes 1epression
Smoking causes =eadache
::. =ave you ever tried quitting smokingH
Fes
4o
:7. !re you aware about anti smoking campaignH
Fes
4o
:G. -hich factor leads you to try to quit smokingH
=ealth
"ost
2amily
3nfluence of antismoking campaigns
(thers, please specify \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
:B. =ow much do you think smoking is costlyH
Lery much costly
Somewhat costly
6ittle "ostly
4ot at all costly
:C. =ow much do you think your family gets affected by your habit of smokingH
.y family members are unaware about my habit of smoking
.y family members are aware about smoking but they are indifferent to it.
.y family members are forcing me to quit smoking.
!ccording to them 3 already quite smoke.
:>. (ut of the following which antismoking campaigns, do you knowH
Television ad
"inema
%illboard
(thers
P"!' %2% to th 2o""o<&() 9&:tu% !(# !('<% th Hu't&o( )&$( ,"o< th 9&:tu%+
:?. -hat do you think about this pictureH
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:<. -hat e#tent you will quit smokingH
3 definitely will quit smoking
3 may quit smoking
3ndifferent to the advertisement
3 may not quite smoking
3 will not quite smoking


:;. -hat do you think about this pictureH
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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78. -hat e#tent you will quit smokingH
3 may quit smoking
7:. -hat do you think about this pictureH
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\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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77. -hat e#tent you will quit smokingH
3 may quit smoking
7G. -hat do you think about this pictureH
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7B. -hat e#tent you will quit smokingH
3 may quit smoking

7C. 3n future do you plan to quit smokingH
-ill quit smoking very soonZ
.ay take long period of time in quitting smoking
3 will never quite smoking
PERSONAL INFORMATION
:. 4ame& \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
7. !ge & below to 78 year
7: to 7C year
7> to G8 year
!bove G8 year
G. ,ender& .ale
2emale
B. (ccupation& Students
%usiness man
$rofessional
'mployees
(ther, please specify\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
C. .onthly 3ncome& below :8888
::888 to 78888
7:888 to B8888
.ore than B8888
4ot 'arning

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

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