Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Cell Organisation

List of PEKA experiments:

1. Preparing and examining slides of plant cells
2. Preparing and examining slides of animal cells
3. Studying the living processes of unicellular organisms
4. Observing photomicrographs and video clips of unicellular organisms
. Observing and studying the structure of system
!. Observing and studying plant tissues
". #a$ing models of tissues% organs and systems of human% animals and plants
&. 'onducting a role(play to sho) the cells are adapted for different functions
*umber +ctivity 2.1 ,Observation-
Pg. .
/itle Preparing and examining slides of plant cells
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o prepare and study slides of plant cells
#aterial Onion
Hydrilla sp.
2eaf
3odine solution
4istilled )ater
5ilter paper
+pparatus 2ight microscope
6lass slides
'over slips
+ pair of forceps
Scalpel
4ropper
#ounting needle
/echni7ue
used
Prepare and stain )et mount of specimens. Observe
and dra) the structures of plant cells using a light
microscope.
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*umber +ctivity 2.2 ,Observation-
Pg. 19
/itle Preparing and examining slides of animal cells
1
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o prepare and study slides of animal cells
#aterial #ethylene blue solution
3odine solution
/oothpic$
4istilled )ater
'hee$ cells
5ilter paper
+pparatus 2ight microscope
Slides
'over slips
5orceps
4ropper
#ounting needle
/echni7ue
used
Prepare and stain )et mounts of specimens.
Observe and dra) the structures of animal cells
using a light microscope
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*umber +ctivity 2.3 ,Observation-
Pg. 12
/itle Studying the living processes of unicellular
organisms
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the living processes of unicellular
organisms
#aterial Amoeba sp. culture
Paramecium sp. culture
'otton )ool
Sodium chloride solution
:inegar
+pparatus 6lass slides
'over slips
2ight microscope
/echni7ue
used
Observe and study the living processes of
unicellular organisms
2
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*umber +ctivity 2.4 ,Observation-
Pg. 13
/itle Observing photomicrographs and video clips of
unicellular organisms
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o observe photomicrographs and video clips of
unicellular organisms
#aterial *oteboo$
/he 3nternet
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
Observe and study photomicrographs and video
clips of unicellular organisms by using the 3nternet
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*umber +ctivity 2. ,Observation-
Pg. 1
/itle Observing and studying the structure of system
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o observe and study the structure of system
#aterial #odels of system
'harts of system
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
Observe and study the structure of system )ith the
aid of models and charts provided
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*umber +ctivity 2.! ,Observation-
Pg. 1!
/itle Observing and studying plant tissues
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o observe and study plant tissues
#aterial Slides of the cross sections of a leaf
3
Slides of the cross sections of a root
Slides of the cross sections of a stem
+pparatus 2ight microscope
/echni7ue
used
Observe and study plant tissues from the slides
provided by using microscope
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*umber +ctivity 2." ,Simulation-
Pg. 1!
/itle #a$ing models of tissues% organs and systems of
human% animals and plants
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study and describe cell organisation in the
formation of tissues% organs and systems of human%
animals and plants
#aterial Plasticine
#ounting board
Plaster of Paris
P:+ glue
/issue paper
'oloured paper
;ires
'utters
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
#a$e models of tissues% organs and systems of
human% animals and plants. Study and describe cell
organisation in the formation of tissues% organs and
systems of human% animals and plants )ith the aid
of these model.
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*umber +ctivity 2.& ,Simulation-
Pg. 1"
/itle 'onducting a role(play to sho) the cells are
adapted for different functions
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o illustrate the cells are specialised for the 1ob that
they perform
#aterial 'ardboard
4
#ar$er pens
Strings
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
3llustrate the cells are specialised for the 1ob that
they perform.
Chapter 3 Moement of Su!stances across the Plasma Mem!rane
List of PEKA experiments"
1. /he movement of substances across a semi(permeable membrane
2. /o demonstrate the process of osmosis using simple osmometer
3. 'onducting a role(play to sho) the movement of substances across the plasma
membrane
4. Studying the effects of hypotonic% hypertonic and isotonic solutions on animal
cells
. /o study the effects of hypotonic% hypertonic and isotonic solutions on plant cells
,cell sap of onion cells-
!. 4etermining the concentration of an external solution )hich is isotonic to the cell
sap of a plant
*umber +ctivity 3.1 ,<xperiment-
Pg. 29
/itle /he movement of substances across a semi(
permeable membrane
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the movement of substances across the
:is$ing tubing
Problem
Statement
;hat factor influences the diffusion of substances
through a semi(permeable membrane=
>ypothesis /he diffusion of molecules through a semi(
permeable membrane is based on the si?e of the
molecule
:ariables #anipulated variable: Si?e of the solute
molecules in the :is$ing tubing
@esponding variable: 'olour of the solution
in :is$ing tubing

5ixed variable: /ime% volume of solutions

and surrounding temperature
#aterial AenedictBs solution
1C starch suspension
3odine solution
39C glucose solution
4istilled )ater
+pparatus :is$ing tubing
'otton thread
/est tubes
Aea$ers
;ater bath ,Aunsen burner% tripod stand D
)ire gau?e-
/echni7ue
used
/est for the presence of starch and glucose )ith
iodine and AenedictBs solution respectively
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*umber +ctivity 3.2 ,<xperiment-
Pg. 23
/itle Studying osmosis using an osmometer
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o demonstrate the process of osmosis using simple
osmometer
Problem
Statement
;hat substances can diffuse through a semi(
permeable membrane=
>ypothesis Osmosis ta$es place )hen )ater moves from a
region of lo) solute concentration to a region of
high solute soncentration across a semi(permeable
membrane
:ariables #anipulated variable: 'oncentration of
solution
@esponding variable: 3ncrease in the level
of sucrose solution 0 /he level of sucrose
solution in the capillary tube
5ixed variable: 'oncentration of sucrose
solution% surrounding temperature
#aterial 39C sucrose solution
4istilled )ater
!
+pparatus 2 cm capillary tube
:is$ing tubing
@etort stand and clamp
'otton thread
@uler
#ar$er pen
+ pair of scissors
29 ml bea$er
Syringe
Stop)atch
/echni7ue
used
#easure and record the increase in the height of
sucrose solution )ith a ruler.
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*umber +ctivity 3.3 ,Simulation-
Pg. 2!
/itle 'onducting a role(play to sho) the movement of
substances across the plasma membrane
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the movement of soluble
substances across the plasma membrane
through the process of passive transport.
/o study the movement of )ater molecules
across the plasma membrane by osmosis
/o study the movement of substances across
the plasma across the plasma membrane
through the process of active transport.
#aterial Strings
'ardboard
+ pair of scissors
#ar$er pen
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
'onduct an interesting and creative role(play to
learn the movement of substances across the plasma
membrane ,phospholipid bilayer-
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*umber +ctivity 3.4 ,Observation-
Pg. 2"
"
/itle Studying the effects of hypotonic% hypertonic and
isotonic solutions on animal cells
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the effects of hypotonic% hypertonic and
isotonic solutions on animal cells ,red blood cells-
#aterial 5resh chic$en blood
9.1 # sodium chloride solutions
9.9 # sodium chloride solutions
4istilled )ater
5ilter paper
+pparatus 6lass slides
'over slips
5ilter papers
2ight microscope
/est tubes
Aea$ers
4ropper
/echni7ue
used
Observe and study the effects of hypotonic%
hypertonic and isotonic solutions on animal cells
from the slides by using microscope
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*umber +ctivity 3. ,Observation-
Pg. 2&
/itle Studying the effects of hypotonic% hypertonic and
isotonic solutions on plant cells
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the effects of hypotonic% hypertonic and
isotonic solutions on plant cells ,cell sap of onion
cells-
#aterial Onion bulb
9. # sucrose solutions
1.9 # sucrose solutions
4istilled )ater
+pparatus 2ight microscope
6lass slides
'over slips
@a?or blade 0 scalpel
+ pair of forceps
&
#ounting needle
5ilter papers
/echni7ue
used
Observe and study the effects of hypotonic%
hypertonic and isotonic solutions on plant cells
from the slides by using microscope.
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*umber +ctivity 3.! ,<xperiment-
Pg. 39
/itle 4etermining the concentration of an external
solution )hich is isotonic to the cell sap of a plant
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o determine the concentration of an external
solution )hich is isotonic to the cell sap of a plant
Problem
Statement
;hat is the concentration of an external ,sucrose-
solution )hich is isotonic to the cell sap of plants=
>ypothesis /he concentration of the solution )hich is
isotonic to the cell sap of plant cells has no
effect on the mass% length and si?e of plant
cells.
9.3! # sucrose solution is isotonic to the
cell sap of plants
:ariables #anipulated variable: 'oncentration of
sucrose solution
@esponding variable: 2ength of potato strips
0 #ass of potato strips
5ixed variable: :olume of sucrose solution
used% surrounding temperature and time
#aterial 5resh potato
4istilled )ater
9.1 # sucrose solution
9.2 # sucrose solution
9.3 # sucrose solution
9.4 # sucrose solution
9. # sucrose solution
9.! # sucrose solution
+pparatus Petri dishes
+ pair of forceps
.
@a?or blade 0 Sharp scalpel
'or$ borer
@uler
9 ml bea$ers
<lectronic scale 0 electronic balance
/issue paper
/echni7ue
used
#easure the length of potato strips )ith
ruler
4etermine the percentage difference in
length
#ass of potato strips )ith an electronic
balance
4etermine the percentage difference in mass
Chapter # Chemical Composition of the Cell
List of PEKA experiments"
1. 4ifferentiating bet)een reducing and non(reducing sugars
2. 'onducting a role(play to sho) the involvement of specific organelles in the
production of extracellular en?ymes
3. Studying the effects of temperature on salivary amylase activity
4. Studying the effects of p> on the activity of pepsin
. Studying the effects of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity
!. Studying the effect of en?yme concentration on the activity of salivary amylase
". 'onducting a role(play to sho) the conse7uences of deficiency in one of the
chemical components in the cell
*umber +ctivity 4.1 ,Observation-
Pg. 33
/itle 4ifferentiating bet)een reducing and non(reducing
sugars
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o differentiate bet)een reducing and non(reducing
sugars
#aterial AenedictBs solution
19
4ilute hydrochloric acid
Sodium hydrogen carbonate po)der
19C glucose solution
19C sucrose solution
+pparatus /est tubes
/est tube holder
Aea$er
4ropper
Aunsen burner
/ripod
;ire gau?e
/echni7ue
used
'arry out testing for the presence of reducing
sugars )ith AenedictBs solution
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*umber +ctivity 4.2 ,Simulation-
Pg. 3
/itle 'onducting a role(play to sho) the involvement of
specific organelles in the production of
extracellular en?ymes
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o conduct a role(play to sho) the involvement of
specific organelles in the production of
extracellular en?ymes
#aterial 'ardboard
#ar$er pen
*e)spaper
Strings
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
'onduct and involvement in a role(play to sho) the
involvement of specific organelles in the
production of extracellular en?ymes
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*umber +ctivity 4.3 ,<xperiment-
Pg. 3!
/itle Studying the effects of temperature on salivary
amylase activity
11
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the effects of temperature on salivary
amylase activity
Problem
Statement
;hat are the effects of temperature on salivary
amylase activity=
>ypothesis /he rate of reaction catalysed by salivary amylase
is highest at 3"E' 0 /he optimum temperature for
salivary amylase is 3"E'
:ariables #anipulated variable: /emperature of
medium of reaction
@esponding variable: /he rate of reaction
catalysed by salivary amylase
5ixed variable: :olume of saliva% volume
and concentration of starch suspension and
p> of medium
#aterial 1C starch suspension
Saliva suspension
3odine solution
3ce cubes
4istilled )ater
+pparatus Aea$ers
/est tubes
/est tube rac$
Syringes
4roppers
6lass rods
;hite tile )ith grooves
/hermometer
Aunsen burner
/ripod stand
;ire gau?e
Stop)atch
/echni7ue
used
/est the presence of starch using iodine test
@ecord the time ta$en for the hydrolysis of
starch to be completed.
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*umber +ctivity 4.4 ,<xperiment-
12
Pg. 3.
/itle Studying the effects of p> on the activity of pepsin
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the effects of p> on the activity of pepsin
Problem
Statement
;hat are the effects of p> on the activity of
pepsin=
>ypothesis +n acidic medium at p> 3 is optimum for the
activity of pepsin
:ariables #anipulated variable: p> of medium
@esponding variable: @ate of reaction
catalysed by pepsin
5ixed variable: :olume and concentration
of albumen suspension% volume and
concentration of pepsin solution and
temperature of medium
#aterial <gg albumen suspension
1C pepsin solution
9.1 # hydrochloric acid
9.1 # sodium hydroxide solution
4istilled )ater
+pparatus Aea$ers
/est tubes
/est tube rac$
4roppers
6lass rod
/hermometer
ml syringes
p> paper
Aunsen burner
/ripod stand
;ire gau?e
Stop)atch
/echni7ue
used
Observe and record the conditions of mixtures
before and after 29 minutes
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*umber +ctivity 4. ,<xperiment-
Pg. 42
13
/itle Studying the effects of substrate concentration on
salivary amylase activity
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the effects of substrate concentration on
salivary amylase activity
Problem
Statement
;hat are the effects of substrate concentration on
salivary amylase activity=
>ypothesis /he rate of en?ymatic reaction increases )ith the
increase in substrate concentration until it reaches a
maximum rate
:ariables #anipulated variable: Substrate
concentration 0 'oncentration of starch
suspension
@esponding variable: @ate of reaction 0
/ime ta$en for the hydrolysis of starch to be
completed
5ixed variable: <n?yme concentration% p>
of medium% volume of starch% volume of
saliva suspension and surrounding
temperature
#aterial 9.1C starch suspension
9.2C starch suspension
9.3C starch suspension
9.4C starch suspension
9.C starch suspension
9.! C starch suspension
9.1C amylase solution 0 saliva suspension
3odine solution
+pparatus Syringes
;hite tiles )ith grooves
/est tubes
6lass rod
4ropper
#easuring cylinder
Stop)atch
Aea$er
/hermometer
;ater bath ,Aunsen burner% tripod stand and
)ire gau?e-
/echni7ue
used
/est for the presence of starch using iodine
14
test
@ecord the time ta$en for the hydrolysis of
starch to be completed )ith a stop)atch
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*umber +ctivity 4.! ,<xperiment-
Pg. 43
/itle Studying the effect of en?yme concentration on the
activity of salivary amylase
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the effect of en?yme concentration on the
activity of salivary amylase
Problem
Statement
;hat are the effects of en?yme concentration on
the activity of salivary amylase=
>ypothesis /he rate of en?ymatic reaction increases )ith the
increase in en?yme concentration as long as there
are no other factors limiting the rate of reaction.
:ariables #anipulated variable: <n?yme
concentration
@esponding variable: @ate of reaction
5ixed: Substrate concentration and
temperature
#aterial 1C starch suspension
9.C amylase solution 0 saliva suspension
3odine solution
4istilled )ater
+pparatus ml of syringe
1 ml of syringe
;hite tiles )ith grooves
/est tubes
6lass rod
4ropper
#easuring cylinder
Stop)atch
Aea$er
/hermometer
;ater bath ,Aunsen burner% tripod stand and
)ire gau?e-
1
/echni7ue
used
/est for the presence of starch using iodine
test
@ecord the time ta$en for the hydrolysis of
starch to be completed )ith a stop)atch
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity 4." ,Simulation-
Pg. 4
/itle 'onducting a role(play to sho) the conse7uences
of deficiency in one of the chemical components in
the cell
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study and predict the conse7uences of
deficiency in carbohydrate% protein% lipids or
en?ymes in the cell.
#aterial 'ardboard
#ar$er pen
Strings
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
'onduct and involvement in a role(play to sho) the
conse7uences of deficiency in one of the chemical
components in the cell
Chapter $ Cell %iision
List of PEKA experiments"
1. 3dentifying the various phases of the cell cycle
2. Observing photomicrographs and interactive animation about mitosis
3. #a$ing models to demonstrate mitosis and cyto$inesis
4. Preparing a slide of onion root tip to identify the various stages of mitosis
. Studying the process of controlled and uncontrolled mitosis and cyto$inesis
1!
!. :isiting a research institute to study tissue culture techni7ue
". #a$ing models to study changes in chromosome behaviour during meiosis 3 and
meiosis 33
&. Observing photomicrographs and computer animation about meiosis
*umber +ctivity .1 ,Observation-
Pg. 4&
/itle 3dentifying the various phases of the cell cycle
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o identify the various phases of the cell cycle
#aterial #odels
'harts
/ransparencies
'4(@O#s
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
Observe and identify the various phases of the cell
cycle
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*umber +ctivity .2 ,Observation-
Pg. 4&
/itle Observing photomicrographs and interactive
animation about mitosis
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study and observe photomicrographs and
interactive animation about mitosis
#aterial /he 3nternet
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
Observe photomicrographs and interactive
animation about mitosis and arrange the various
stages of mitosis in the correct se7uence
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*umber +ctivity .3 ,Simulation-
Pg. 4.
/itle #a$ing models to demonstrate mitosis and
cyto$inesis
1"
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o ma$e models to demonstrate mitosis and
cyto$inesis
#aterial #anila card
Aall of red )ool
Aall of blue )ool
Plasticine
Spools of thread
Pencils
<raser
+pparatus + pair of scissors
/echni7ue
used
#a$e models to demonstrate mitosis and
cyto$inesis
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity .4 ,Observation-
Pg. 2
/itle Preparing a slide of onion root tip to identify the
various stages of mitosis
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o prepare and observe a slide of onion root tip to
identify the various stages of mitosis
#aterial +ceto(orcein stain 0 acetic orcein stain
1 # hydrochloric acid
Onion bulb
4istilled )ater
+pparatus Petri dish
;atch glass
Alade 0 Scalpel
#ounting needles
/oothpic$s
Aea$er
Aunsen burner
#icroscope
6lass slides
'over slips
5ilter papers
/echni7ue
used
Prepare a slide of onion root tip by using the
aceto(orcein stain 0 acetic orcein stains the
1&
chromosomes
Observe the slide of onion root tip to
identify the various stages of mitosis by
using light microscope
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*umber +ctivity . ,Observation-
Pg.
/itle Studying the process of controlled and uncontrolled
mitosis and cyto$inesis
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the process of controlled and uncontrolled
mitosis and cyto$inesis
#aterial '4(@O#s
'omputer animation
:ideos
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
Observe and explain the importance of
controlled mitosis
Observe and explain the effects of
uncontrolled mitosis in living things
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*umber +ctivity .! ,<ducational /rip-
Pg.
/itle :isiting a research institute to study tissue culture
techni7ue
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o visit and study a research institute to study
tissue culture techni7ue
Places 5orest @esearch 3nstitute of #alaysia
,5@3#-
3nstitute of +griculture @esearch and
4evelopment of #alaysia ,#+@43-
#alaysian Palm Oil Aoard ,#POA-
@ubber @esearch 3nstitute of #alaysia
1.
,@@3#-
/echni7ue
used
3ntervie) the research officers on the tissue
culture and cloning are being carried out in
these institutes
;rite report about application of mitosis in
cloning and advantages 0 disadvantages of
cloning
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*umber +ctivity ." ,Simulation-
Pg. !
/itle #a$ing models to study changes in chromosome
behaviour during meiosis 3 and meiosis 33
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o ma$e models to study changes in chromosome
behaviour during meiosis 3 and meiosis 33
#aterial #anila card
Aall of red )ool
Aall of blue )ool
Plasticine
Spools of thread
Pencils
<raser
+pparatus + pair of scissors
/echni7ue
used
#a$e models to study changes in
chromosome behaviour during meiosis 3 and
meiosis 33
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity .& ,Observation-
Pg. .
/itle Observing photomicrographs and computer
animation about meiosis
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o observe and study photomicrographs and
computer animation about meiosis
#aterial /he 3nternet
+pparatus (
29
/echni7ue
used
Observe photomicrographs and interactive
computer animation about meiosis
Chapter & 'utrition
List of PEKA experiments"
1. 4etermining the energy value in food samples
2. /esting for the presence of starch% reducing sugar% non(reducing sugar% protein
and lipid in food samples
3. 4etermining the vitamin ' content in various fruit 1uices
4. Planning and conducting an experiment to study en?yme action on starch
. Planning and conducting an experiment to study the en?yme action on a protein
food sample
!. <xamining slides of the cross section of the small intestine
". Studying the movement of substances through the :is$ing tubing
&. Studying the effects of macronutrient deficiency in plants
.. Studying a cross(sectional model of a leaf
19. 3nvestigating the adaptation of plants to carry out photosynthesis )ith respect to
the distribution of stomata and chloroplasts
11. 3nvestigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
12. Planting pro1ect in the science resource garden or school compound
13. :isiting relevant agencies to study )ays to improve the 7uality and 7uantity of
food production
14. :egetable planting pro1ect
1. Preparing a portfolio on the technological development of food processing
*umber +ctivity !.1 ,Observation-
Pg. !1
/itle 4etermining the energy value in food samples
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o determine the energy value in food samples
#aterial Peanut ,)hole-
Plasticine
'otton )ool
4istilled )ater
+pparatus Aoiling tube
/hermometer ,9 F 199E'-
Pin , F & cm-
Aunsen burner
@etort stand and clamp
21
;ind shield
<lectronic balance
/echni7ue
used
#easure and determine the energy value in
food samples ,groundnut-
#easure the mass of the food samples by
using electronic balance
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber #odify from +ctivity !.1 ,Observation-
Pg. !1
/itle 4etermining the energy value in food samples
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o determine the energy value in food samples
Problem
Statement
;hich food sample has a higher energy value=
>ypothesis 'ashe) nut0 ;alnut has a higher energy value that
goundnut
:ariables #anipulated variable: /ype of food sample
@esponding variable: <nergy value of food
samples
5ixed variable: #ass of )ater and mass of
food sample
#aterial 5resh peanut ,)hole-
5resh cashe) nut 0 5resh )alnut ,)hole-
Plasticine
'otton )ool
4istilled )ater
#atches
+pparatus Aoiling tube
/hermometer ,9 F 199E'-
Pin , F & cm-
Aunsen burner
@etort stand and clamp
;ind shield
<lectronic balance
/echni7ue #easure and determine the energy value in
22
used different food samples
'ompare the energy value in different food
samples ,groundnut and cashe) nut 0
)alnut-
#easure the mass of the different food
samples by using electronic balance
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.2 ,Observation-
Pg. !3
/itle /esting for the presence of starch% reducing sugar%
non(reducing sugar% protein and lipid in food
samples
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
4etermine and test the presence of starch% reducing
sugar% non(reducing sugar% protein and lipid in food
samples
Problem
Statement
;hat is the nutrient content for all the food
samples=
>ypothesis Starch suspension containing starch
6lucose contains reducing sugar
Sucrose solution contains non(reducing
sugar
+lbumen ,egg()hite- suspension contains
proteins
:egetable oil contains lipid
#aterial Starch suspension ,+-
C glucose solution ,A-
1C sucrose solution ,'-
+lbumen suspension ,4-
:egetable oil ,<-
3odine solution
AenedictBs solution
Sodium hydrogen carbonate po)der
29C sodium hydroxide solution
>ydroxide acid
1C copper,33- sulphate solution
+pparatus /est tubes
/est tube holders
/est tube rac$
23
29 ml bea$ers
4ropper
Aunsen burner
/ripod stand
;ire gau?e
5ilter paper
/echni7ue
used
/est and determine the presence of starch% reducing
sugar% non(reducing sugar% protein and lipid in food
samples.
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.3 ,<xperiment-
Pg. !
/itle 4etermining the vitamin ' content in various fruit
1uices
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o determine the vitamin ' content in various fruit
1uices
Problem
Statement
4o different types of fruit 1uices contain similar
amounts of vitamin '=
>ypothesis 2ime 1uice contains a higher concentration of
vitamin ' compared to pineapple 1uice and orange
1uice.
:ariables #anipulated variable: /ypes of fruit 1uices
@esponding variable: :olume of fruit 1uice
needed to decolourise 4'P3P solution
5ixed variable: :olume of 4'P3P solution
and standard concentration of ascorbic acid
solution
#aterial 1.9C dichlorophenolindophenol ,4'P3P-
solution
9.1C ascorbic acid solution
5reshly prepared lime 1uice
5reshly prepared pineapple 1uice
5reshly prepared orange 1uice
+pparatus Specimen tubes
1 ml syringe
ml syringes )ith needles
9 ml bea$ers
24
6au?e cloth
Gnife 0 Scalpel
/echni7ue
used
#easure and determine the volume of
standard vitamin ' solution needed to
decolourise of a fixed volume of 4'P3P.
#easure and determine the volume of 1uice
needed to decolourise the same volume of
4'P3P.
'alculate the vitamin ' content of 1uice by
comparing it )ith the standard vitamin '
solution.
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.4 ,<xperiment-
Pg. !"
/itle Planning and conducting an experiment to study
en?yme action on starch
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study en?yme action on starch
Problem
Statement
>o) does the en?yme in saliva act on starch=
>ypothesis /he en?yme is saliva digest starch into a reducing
sugar 0 /he en?yme in saliva hydrolyses starch into
a reducing sugar
:ariables #anipulated variable: +bsence or presence
of salivary amylase and starch
@esponding variable: Presence of reducing
sugar
5ixed variable: /emperature at 3"E'% starch
concentration and volume of mixture
#aterial 1C starch suspension
AenedictBs solution
3odine solution
Saliva suspension
4istilled )ater
+pparatus 19 ml pipette
99 ml bea$er
2
/est tubes
/est tube holder
/est tube rac$
/hermometer
4roppers
6lass rod
;hite tile
Aunsen burner
/ripod stand
;ire gau?e
/echni7ue
used
'onfirmation test for the presence of starch
using iodine solution
'onfirmation test for the presence of
reducing sugar using AenedictBs solution
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !. ,<xperiment-
Pg. !&
/itle Planning and conducting an experiment to study the
en?yme action on a protein food sample
3ntroduction +lbumen does not dissolve completely in
)ater
+lbumen suspension is mil$y in nature.
+fter albumen is fully digested% the
suspension becomes clear
Pepsin re7uires an acidic p> of about 2 to
act at maximum rate
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the en?yme action on a protein food
sample
Problem
Statement
>o) does the en?yme acts on protein=
>ypothesis /he test tube contains albumen and pepsin
solution becomes clear at the end of the
experiment
+n acidic medium is needed for protein
digestion by pepsin
:ariables #anipulated variable: +bsence or presence
2!
of pepsin in albumen
@esponding variable: 'loudy or clear
,clarity of contents- albumen suspension
after 29 minutes
5ixed variable: 'oncentration and volume
of albumen% concentration and volume of
pepsin ,en?yme-% concentration of
hydrochloric acid% surrounding temperature
at 3"E'
#aterial +lbumen ,egg()hite- suspension
4ilute hydrochloric acid
Pepsin suspension
4istilled )ater
+pparatus 19 ml pipette
99 ml bea$er
/est tubes
/est tube rac$
4roppers
/hermometer
Stop)atch
;ater bath ,Aunsen burner% tripod stand and
)ire gau?e-
/echni7ue
used
Observe albumen digestion under the presence or
the absence of pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.! ,Observation-
Pg. "9
/itle <xamining slides of the cross section of the small
intestine
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o examine and study the slides of the cross section
of the small intestine
#aterial Slides of the cross section of the small
intestine
+pparatus #icroscope
/echni7ue
used
Observe the slides of the cross section of the small
intestine
2"
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !." ,Observation-
Pg. "1
/itle Studying the movement of substances through the
:is$ing tubing
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
Problem
Statement
;hat substances can move across the :is$ing
tubing=
>ypothesis Small molecules can move across the :is$ing
tubing
:ariables #anipulated variable: 'ontents of the
:is$ing tubing
@esponding variable: 'hange in colour of
)ater sample in iodine test and AenedictBs
test
5ixed variable: /emperature of )ater bath
,3"E'-% volume of solution
#aterial 1C starch suspension
1C glucose solution
3odine solution
AenedictBs solution
:is$ing tubing
/hread
4istilled )ater
+pparatus Aoiling tube
/est tubes
19 ml syringe
Pipette
+ pair of scissors
;ater bath ,Aunsen burner% tripod stand and
)ire gau?e-
/echni7ue
used
'onfirmation test for the presence of starch
using iodine solution
'onfirmation test for the presence of
reducing sugar using AenedictBs solution
2&
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.& ,<xperiment-
Pg. "2
/itle Studying the effects of macronutrient deficiency in
plants
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the effects of macronutrient deficiency in
plants
Problem
Statement
;hat are the effects of macronutrient deficiency in
plants= 0 4o macronutrient deficiency have any
effects on plant gro)th and development=
>ypothesis Plant gro)s healthily in a complete GnopBs
solution
#acronutrient deficiencies affect plant
gro)th and development.
:ariables #anipulated variable: 'omponents of
minerals in culture solution
@esponding variable: 6ro)th of the
seedling 0 'ondition of the plants
5ixed variable: :olume and concentration
of solution% si?e and type of mai?e
seedlings% amount of air that is pumped into
the 1ar% amount of sunlight% surrounding
temperature
#aterial #ai?e seedlings
Potassium nitrate ,G*O
3
-
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate ,G>
2
PO
4
-
#agnesium sulphate ,#gSO
4
-
'alcium nitrate ,'a,*O
3
-
2
-
5erum,333- phosphate ,5ePO
4
-
'otton )ool
Alac$ paper
4istilled )ater
+pparatus 6lass 1ars
@ubber bungs )ith holes
Straight glass tubes to fit into the holes of
the rubber bungs
2(shaped delivery tubes to the connected to
a vacuum pump
2.
Gnife
/echni7ue
used
Observe the effects of different deficiencies
on young mai?e seedling.
#ai?e seedling are under identical
conditions of light% temperature and
moisture.
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*umber +ctivity !.. ,Observation-
Pg. "3
/itle Studying a cross(sectional model of a leaf
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study a cross(sectional model of a leaf
#aterial 'ross(sectional model of a leaf
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
Observe the cross(sectional model of a leaf and
identify the different part of the leaf
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.19 ,Observation-
Pg. "4
/itle 3nvestigating the adaptation of plants to carry out
photosynthesis )ith respect to the distribution of
stomata and chloroplasts
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o investigate the adaptation of plants to carry out
photosynthesis )ith respect to the distribution of
stomata and chloroplasts
#aterial >ibiscus leaf
Sprig of Hydrilla sp.
;ater lily leaf
'actus ,Opuntia sp.-
*ail varnish
+pparatus #agnifying lens
+ pair of forceps
#icroscope slides
'over slips
39
2ight microscope
/echni7ue
used
Observe the distribution of stomata and chloroplast
in plants from different habitats
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.11 ,<xperiment-
Pg. "!
/itle 3nvestigating the effect of light intensity on the rate
of photosynthesis
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o investigate the effect of light intensity on the
rate of photosynthesis
Problem
Statement
>o) does light intensity affect the rate of
photosynthesis=
>ypothesis /he higher the light intensity% the higher the rate of
photosynthesis
:ariables #anipulated variable: 4istance bet)een
light source and plant
@esponding variable: *umber of bubbles
released in five minutes ,rate of
photosynthesis-
5ixed variable: /ype and si?e of plant%
percentage of sodium hydrogen carbonate
solution and voltage of bulb
#aterial + fe) sprigs of Hydrilla sp.
1C sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
Plasticine
4istilled )ater
+pparatus 2ight source ,!9 ; bulb-
99 ml bea$er
/est tube
6lass filter funnel
Stop)atch
/hermometer
#eter rule
@a?or
/echni7ue
used
'ount the number of gas bubbles released in five
minute )ith a stop)atch
31
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.12 ,Pro1ect-
Pg. ""
/itle Planting pro1ect in the science resource garden or
school compound
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o start a planting pro1ect in the science resource
garden or school compound
#y <cogarden
#y >erbal 6arden
#y Science 6arden
/echni7ue
used
5ind and label the common names and scientific
names of plants
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.13 ,5ield study-
Pg. "&
/itle :isiting relevant agencies to study )ays to improve
the 7uality and 7uantity of food production
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o visit relevant agencies to study )ays to improve
the 7uality and 7uantity of food production
3nstitute of +griculture @esearch and
4evelopment of #alaysia ,#+@43-
#alaysian Palm Oil Aoard ,#POA-
+griculture 4epartment
5isheries 4epartment
/echni7ue
used
'ollect information and carry out research on
diversity food production and improve the 7uality
and 7uantity of food production
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.14 ,Pro1ect-
Pg. "&
/itle :egetable planting pro1ect
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o start )ith a vegetable planting pro1ect
#aterial +- >ydroponics techni7ue
32
:egetable seeds
*utrient solution
A- Planting vegetable in soil
:egetable seeds
5ertiliser
+pparatus +- >ydroponics techni7ue
Plastics tray
6ravel or clean sand
5or$
>ydroponics set
A- Planting vegetable in soil
Spade
;atering can
/echni7ue
used
Observe and prepare a log boo$ on the
height of the gro)ing seedling and time
ta$en for the seedling to reach flo)ering
and fruiting stages.
;rite report on the pro1ect.
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity !.1 ,Pro1ect-
Pg. &9
/itle Preparing a portfolio on the technological
development of food processing
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study and prepare a portfolio on the
technological development of food processing
#aterial *e)spapers
#aga?ines
@eference boo$s
/he 3nternet
5ood labels
+pparatus (
/echni7ue Prepare and )rite a portfolio on the technological
33
used development of food processing to exhibit in school
Chapter ( )espiration
List of PEKA experiments"
1. Studying the process of aerobic respiration
2. 3nvestigate the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast
3. 'omparing the total surface area of a flat card )ith that of a corrugated card
4. Observing graphics and live specimens of respiratory structures
. 'onstructing a model of the human lungs to explain the breathing mechanisms in
human
!. 3nvestigating the difference bet)een inhaled and exhaled air in terms of oxygen
and carbon dioxide contents
". 3nvestigating the differences bet)een inhaled and exhaled air in terms of heat
content
&. Studying the effects of vigorous exercise on the breathing and heartbeat rates
.. 4emonstrating the effects of cigarette smo$e on lung
Creatie Corner"
1. 'onstructing a model of the rib cage to demonstrate the actions of the intercostals
muscles and ribs
*umber +ctivity ".1 ,Observation-
Pg. &3
/itle Studying the process of aerobic respiration
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the process of aerobic respiration
#aterial 'oloured li7uid
2iving organism ,coc$roach-
Soda lime
34
Petroleum 1elly ,:aseline-
;ater
+pparatus Aoiling tubes
99 ml bea$er
29 ml bea$ers
'apillary tubes
@ubber tubings
Scre) clips
@uler
;ire gau?e
/echni7ue
used
#easure and record the heights of the coloured
li7uids in the capillary tubes )ith a ruler
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity ".2 ,<xperiment-
Pg. &
/itle 3nvestigate the process of anaerobic respiration in
yeast
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o investigate the process of anaerobic respiration
in yeast
Problem
Statement
;hat are the products of fermentation=
>ypothesis 3n the absence of oxygen% yeast undergoes
anaerobic respiration to produce carbon dioxide%
ethanol and energy
:ariables #anipulated variable: Presence of yeast
@esponding variable: 'hanges on lime
)ater and temperature
5ixed variable: +naerobic condition
#aterial C yeast suspension
C glucose solution
Paraffin oil
2ime )ater
+pparatus Aoiling tubes
/est tubes
/hermometers
Stoppers )ith delivery tubes
3
#easuring cylinders
Aea$er
/echni7ue
used
@ecord and measure the changes in
temperature )ith thermometers.
Observe the change in lime )ater.
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity ".3 ,Observation-
Pg. &"
/itle 'omparing the total surface area of a flat card )ith
that of a corrugated card
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o compare the total surface area of a flat card )ith
that of a corrugated card
#aterial + piece of card measuring 29 cm x 29 cm
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
'ompare and ma$e inference on the various
adaptation of the respiratory structures
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity ".4 ,Simulation-
Pg. &&
/itle Observing graphics and live specimens of
respiratory structures
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study and observe graphics and live specimens
of respiratory structures
#aterial 'harts
'omputer course)are
'oc$roach
5rog
5ish
'otton )ool
'hloroform
6loves
6arbage bags
+pparatus Sharp $nife
3!
#agnifying lens
4issecting tray
Pins
+ pair of scissors
Scalpel
+ pair of forceps
'ontainer
/echni7ue
used
Observe graphics and live specimens of respiratory
structures
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity ". ,Simulation-
Pg. .1
/itle 'onstructing a model of the human lungs to explain
the breathing mechanisms in human
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o construct a model of the human lungs to explain
the breathing mechanisms in human
#aterial /)o balloons
+ piece of rubber sheet
+ rubber stopper
Some string
+pparatus Aell 1ar
H(shaped tube
6lass tubes
/echni7ue
used
'onstruct a model of the human lungs
Study and explain the breathing
mechanisms in human by referring the
model
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber 'reative corner
Pg. .2
/itle 'onstructing a model of the rib cage to demonstrate
the actions of the intercostals muscles and ribs
+im 0 /o construct a model of the rib cage to demonstrate
3"
Ob1ective of
the Study
the actions of the intercostals muscles and ribs
#aterial Ply)ood
*ails
@ubber bands
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
'onstruct a model of the rib cage
Study and demonstrate the actions of the
intercostals muscles and ribs
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity ".! ,<xperiment-
Pg. .3
/itle 3nvestigating the difference bet)een inhaled and
exhaled air in terms of oxygen and carbon dioxide
contents
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o investigate the difference bet)een inhaled and
exhaled air in terms of oxygen and carbon dioxide
contents
Problem
Statement
+re the contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
inhaled air the same as those on exhaled air= 0 does
inhaled air contain the same amount of oxygen and
carbon dioxide as exhaled air=
>ypothesis 3nhaled air has a higher percentage of oxygen )hen
compared to exhaled air. <xhaled air has a higher
percentage of carbon dioxide )hen compared to
inhaled air.
:ariables #anipulated variable: 3nhaled air and
exhaled air
@esponding variable: Percentages of oxygen
and carbon dioxide
5ixed variable: #ethod of analysis
#aterial Potassium hydroxide solution
Potassium pyrogallate solution
+pparatus I(tube
Aoiling tubes
@ubber tubing
3&
@uler
;ashbasin
/echni7ue
used
#easure and observe the length of air columns
occupied by gases in a I(tube )ith a ruler
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity "." ,<xperiment-
Pg. .!
/itle 3nvestigating the differences bet)een inhaled and
exhaled air in terms of heat content
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o investigate the differences bet)een inhaled and
exhaled air in terms of heat content
Problem
Statement
3s the heat content in inhaled air the same as that in
exhaled air=
>ypothesis <xhaled air has higher heat content )hen compared
to inhaled air
+pparatus /hermometer
/echni7ue
used
#easure and record the change in temperature )ith
a thermometer
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity ".& ,<xperiment-
Pg. ."
/itle Studying the effects of vigorous exercise on the
breathing and heartbeat rates
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the effects of vigorous exercise on the
breathing and heartbeat rates
Problem
Statement
;hat is the effect of vigorous exercise on the
breathing and heartbeat rates=
>ypothesis :igorous exercise increases the breathing and
heartbeat rates
:ariables #anipulated variable: @esting or vigorous
exercise
@esponding variable: Areathing rate and
heartbeat rate
5ixed variable: /he type and duration of
3.
exercise% gender and age of the students
#aterial (
+pparatus Stop)atch
/echni7ue
used
'ount and record the number of breaths per minute
and the number of heartbeats per minute
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity ".. ,<xperiment-
Pg. ..
/itle 4emonstrating the effects of cigarette smo$e on
lungs
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o sho) the effects of cigarette smo$e on lungs
Problem
Statement
;hat are the effects of cigarette smo$e on lungs=
>ypothesis 'igarette smo$e corrodes the cotton )ool to change
colour and contains acidic gas.
:ariables (
#aterial 'otton )ool
Jniversal indicator
'igarettes
+pparatus J(tube
/hermometer
Aoiling tube
@etort stand and clamp
5ilter pump
@ubber tubing
/echni7ue
used
Observe the effect of cigarette smo$e on lungs and
increases the temperature of the respiratory tract.
/obacco tar ma$es the lungs appear bro)nish.
Chapter * %+namic Ecos+stem
List of PEKA experiments"
1. 3nvestigating the abiotic and biotic components in an ecosystem
49
2. 3nvestigating the feeding relationships and interactions bet)een biotic
components
3. Studying the intraspecific and interspecific competitions in plants
4. Studying the processes of colonisation and succession in a mangrove s)amp
. 3nvestigating the distribution of plants ,#imosa pudica- using the 7uadrat
sampling techni7ue
!. <stimating the population si?e of garden snails using capture% mar$% release and
recapture techni7ue
". Studying the relationship of population distribution of an organism )ith the
changes of an abiotic factor
&. 'ollecting stamps of local plants and animal
.. 'reating a)areness of biodiversity of an ecosystem
19. 'lassifying various types of microorganisms
11. Studying the effects of temperature% p>% light intensity and nutrients on the
activity of yeast
12. Preserving and conserving various living things around us
*umber +ctivity &.1 ,5ield study-
Pg. 193
/itle 3nvestigating the abiotic and biotic components in
an ecosystem
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o invstigate the abiotic and biotic components in
an ecosystem
#aterial 4ry cobalt paper
p> paper
+ bottle of universal indicator
+pparatus /hermometer
Photometer
>and lens
/o)els
/est tubes
Pen
*oteboo$
/echni7ue
used
#easure the abiotic components )hich
include the p> of the soil and )ater% light
intensity% humidity and topography.
3dentify abiotic components of the
ecosystem% animals and plants by using
hand lens if necessary.
Observe the physical features and
41
topography of the ecosystem.
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity &.2 ,5ield study-
Pg. 194
/itle 3nvestigating the feeding relationships and
interactions bet)een biotic components
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o investigate the feeding relationships and
interactions bet)een biotic components
#aterial 4igital camera ,optional-
+pparatus >and lens
Pen
*oteboo$
/echni7ue
used
3dentify the biotic components of the
ecosystem.
Observe )hat the organisms feed on.
Observe and identify the interactions
bet)een the biotic components.
Observe any adaptation that can be found on
the plants and animals
'lassify all organisms into tropic levels
'onstruct food chains and construct a
pyramid of numbers
'onstruct a food )eb based on the
ecosystem.
Prepare a folio on this field study.
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888
*umber +ctivity &.3 ,<xperiment-
Pg. 19&
/itle Studying the intraspecific and interspecific
competitions in plants
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the intraspecific and interspecific
competitions in plants
Problem
Statement
>o) do intraspecific and interspecific competitions
affect the gro)th of mai?e and rice plants=
42
>ypothesis 3ntraspecific competition occurs bet)een plants of
the same species. 3nterspecific competition occurs
bet)een plants of different species. 0 /he greater
the competition among the seedlings% the greater
the effect on the height of the seedlings.
:ariables #anipulated variable: /ypes of seedlings
@esponding variable: 4ry mass of seedlings
0 >eight of seedling
5ixed variable: Kuantity and types of
garden soil% amount of )ater% intensity of
sunlight% distance bet)een each seedling
and number of seedlings
#aterial /hree seedling trays ,2 m x 1 m each- )ith
garden soil
+ pac$et of mai?e seeds
+ pac$et of paddy seeds
4istilled )ater
+pparatus @uler
Oven
'ompression balance
Spade
;aterproof paint
Paintbrush
/echni7ue
used
;eight the dry mass of seedling )ith an electronic
balance 0 #easure the height of seedling )ith a
ruler
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*umber +ctivity &.4 ,5ield study-
Pg. 19.
/itle Studying the processes of colonisation and
succession in a mangrove s)amp
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o study the processes of colonisation and
succession in a mangrove s)amp
#aterial (
+pparatus Pen
*oteboo$
+ pair of binocular
43
+nalogue 0 4igital camera ,optional-
;or$sheet
/echni7ue
used
3dentify the various species of plants and
animals and ta$e note the characteristics of
the leaves% flo)ers% fruits and roots.
3dentify the pioneer species and the
successor species.
3dentify the adaptive characteristics of the
pioneer species and successor species in the
habitat.
3dentify the niche% community and
population in the habitat
3nvestigate the process of colonisation and
process of succession in the habitat.
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*umber +ctivity &. ,5ield study-
Pg. 111
/itle 3nvestigating the distribution of plants ,Mimosa
pudica- using the 7uadrat sampling techni7ue
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o investigate the distribution of plants using the
7uadrat sampling techni7ue
#aterial String
*ails
+pparatus + 7uadrat measuring 1 m x 1 m
Pen
*oteboo$
/echni7ue
used
Kuadrat sampling techni7ue
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*umber +ctivity &.! ,5ield study-
Pg. 113
/itle <stimating the population si?e of garden snails
using capture% mar$% release and recapture
techni7ue
44
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o estimate the population si?e of garden snails
using capture% mar$% release and recapture
techni7ue
#aterial + bottle of 3ndian in$ 0 + non(poisonous
and )aterproof in$
+pparatus >ammer
Paintbrush
Pen
*oteboo$
/echni7ue
used
'apture% mar$% release and recapture techni7ue
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*umber +ctivity &." ,<xperiment-
Pg. 114
/itle Studying the relationship of population distribution
of an organism )ith the changes of an abiotic factor
+im /o study the relationship of population distribution
of an organism )ith the changes of an abiotic factor
3ntroduction Pleurococcus sp. is a unicellular green alga found
on the bar$ of trees. /he population distribution of
Pleurococcus sp.is affected by abiotic factors such
as humidity% temperature% light intensity and aspect.
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o investigate the effect of light intensity on the
population distribution of Pleurococcus sp. in its
habitat.
Problem
Statement
;hat is the effect of light intensity on the
population distribution of Pleurococcus sp.=
>ypothesis /he population distribution of Pleurococcus sp. is
highest )hen there is optimum light intensity
:ariables #anipulated variable: 2ight intensity
@esponding variable: /otal surface are
covered by Pleurococcus sp.
5ixed variable: /emperature% p> and
humidity
#aterial Paper
+pparatus Kuadrat measuring 19 cm x 19 cm
+ compass
4
Pen
*oteboo$
/echni7ue
used
Kuadrat sampling ,estimate the total surface area
covered by Pleurococcus sp.-
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*umber +ctivity &.& ,Pro1ect-
Pg. 11
/itle 'ollecting stamps of local plants and animals
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o collect stamps of local plants and animals
#aterial Stamps
#anila cards
/he 3nternet
Printed material
+pparatus #ar$er pen
Paper
/echni7ue
used
5ind common name of each plant or animals
sho)n on the stamps
4etermine the scientific name of each plant
or animals sho)n on the stamps according
to the 2innaeus binomial system
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*umber +ctivity &.. ,5ield trip-
Pg. 11!
/itle 'reating a)areness of biodiversity of an ecosystem
+im /o create a)areness of biodiversity of an
ecosystem
Ob1ective of
the Study
:isit and carry out this field trip:
*ational par$s: /aman *egara% <ndau(
@ompin *ational Par$% Aa$o *ational Par$
5orest reserves: Genong @imba @eserve%
5@3# ,5orest @esearch 3nstitute of
#alaysia-
4!
;ildlife conservation centres: Sepilo$
Orang Jtan @ehabilitation 'entre% Aota
Ganan @iver /errapin ;ildlife
'onservation 'entre% Sung$ai Sambar 4eer%
Pheasant ;ildlife @eserve% Sungai 4usun
@hino Sanctuary% Guala 6andah <lephant
'entre
*ature par$s: @oyal Aelum State Par$%
Guala Selangor *ature Par$
#angrove s)amps: 2ang$a)i #angrove
S)amps
#aterial ;or$sheet
+pparatus Pen
*oteboo$
+ pair of binoculars
+n analogue 0 4igital camera ,optional-
/echni7ue
used
6ather information on various types of
animals and plants
+)are of the surroundings and the richness
of the biodiversity in the ecosystem
Prepare a scrapboo$
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*umber +ctivity &.19 ,Observation-
Pg. 11&
/itle 'lassifying various types of microorganisms
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o classify various types of microorganisms
#aterial Prepared slides of different types of
microorganisms
'harts of microorganisms
Photomicrographs of proto?oa% algae% fungi%
bacteria and viruses
+pparatus #icroscope
/echni7ue
used
Observe and study the basic characteristics of
proto?oa% algae% fungi% bacteria and viruses. 6roup
these microorganisms.
4"
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*umber +ctivity &.11 ,<xperiment-
Pg. 11.
/itle Studying the effects of temperature% p>% light
intensity and nutrients on the activity of yeast
+im /o study the effects of temperature% p>% light
intensity and nutrients on the activity of yeast.
Ob1ective of
the Study
+- /o study the effect of temperature on the
activity of yeast.
Problem
Statement
;hat is the effect of temperature on the activity of
yeast=
>ypothesis /he activity of yeast is optimal at 3"E'
:ariables #anipulated variable: /emperature of the
)ater bath
@esponding variable: >eight of the coloured
li7uid in the manometer
5ixed variable: :olume of yeast suspension%
p>% light intensity and time ta$en for the
activity of yeast
#aterial Heast suspension ,4 g of yeast in 199 cm
3
of
glucose solution-
'oloured li7uid
3ce cubes
+pparatus Aoiling tubes
Aea$ers
#easuring cylinders
6lass tubes
/hermometers
'lips
@ubber stoppers
@ubber tubing
#anometer tubes
Strings
@uler
Stop)atch
;ater bath ,Aunsen burner% tripod stand and
)ire gau?e-
/echni7ue
used
#easure and record the different heights of
coloured li7uid in the manometer )ith a ruler.
4&
Ob1ective of
the Study
A- /o study the effect of p> on the activity of
yeast.
Problem
Statement
>o) does p> affect the activity of yeast= 0 ;hat is
the effect of different p> values in the activity of
yeast=
>ypothesis /he activity of yeast is optimum in an acidic
medium.
:ariables #anipulated variable: p>
@esponding variable: >eight of the coloured
li7uid in the manometer
5ixed variable: :olume of yeast suspension%
light intensity% temperature and time ta$en
#aterial Heast suspension ,4 g of yeast in 199 cm
3
of
glucose solution-
9.1 mol dm
(3
hydrochloric acid
9.91 mol dm
(3
hydrochloric acid
9.1 mol dm
(3
sodium hydroxide solutions
9.91 mol dm
(3
sodium hydroxide solutions
'oloured li7uid
p> paper
distilled )ater
+pparatus Aoiling tubes
Aea$ers
#easuring cylinders
6lass tubes
'lips
@ubber stoppers
@ubber tubing
#anometer tubes
Strings
@uler
Stop)atch
@etort stand
/echni7ue
used
#easure and record the different heights of
coloured li7uid in the manometer )ith a ruler.
Ob1ective of
the Study
'- /o study the effect of light intensity on the
activity of yeast.
Problem
Statement
>o) does the intensity of light affect the activity of
yeast= 0 ;hat is the effect of light intensity on the
activity of yeast=
4.
>ypothesis /he activity of yeast is higher at a lo)er intensity
of light. 0 /he lo)er the light intensity% the higher
the activity of yeast.
:ariables #anipulated variable: 3ntensity of light
@esponding variable: >eight of coloured
li7uid in the manometer
5ixed variable: :olume of yeast suspension%
p>% temperature and time ta$en
#aterial Heast suspension ,4 g of yeast in 199 cm
3
of
glucose solution-
'oloured li7uid
+pparatus 2ight bulb ,!9;-
Aoiling tubes
Aea$ers
#easuring cylinders
6lass tubes
'lips
@ubber stoppers
@ubber tubing
#anometer tubes
Strings
@uler
Stop)atch
@etort stand
/echni7ue
used
#easure and record the different heights of
coloured li7uid in the manometer )ith a ruler.
Ob1ective of
the Study
4- /o study the effect of nutrients on the activity of
yeast.
Problem
Statement
>o) do nutrients affect the activity of yeast= 0
;hat is the effect of nutrients on the activity of
yeast=
>ypothesis /he concentration of nutrients affects the activity of
yeast. 0 /he higher the concentration of nutrients%
the higher the activity of yeast.
:ariables #anipulated variable: 'oncentration of
nutrients
@esponding variable: >eight of coloured
li7uid in the manometer
5ixed variable: :olume of yeast suspension%
p>% light intensity and temperature
9
#aterial 4ry yeast
C glucose solution
19C glucose solution
1C glucose solution
4istilled )ater
+pparatus Aoiling tubes
Aea$ers
#easuring cylinders
6lass tubes
'lips
@ubber stoppers
@ubber tubing
#anometer tubes
Strings
Stop)atch
@etort stand
/echni7ue
used
#easure and record the different heights of
coloured li7uid in the manometer )ith a ruler.
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*umber +ctivity &.12 ,Pro1ect-
Pg. 124
/itle Preserving and conserving various living things
around us
+im 0
Ob1ective of
the Study
/o preserve and conserve various living things
around us
#aterial Printed materials
*e)spapers
#aga?ines
/he 3nternet
+pparatus (
/echni7ue
used
'arry out activities to learn more about the
important of biodiversity and ideas to preserve and
conserve various living things.
1