Lecture

Lecture
1
1
3
3
Welded Connections I
Welded Connections I
Advantages of Welding
Types of Welding
Welding Symbols
Groove & Fillet Welds
Allowable Strength of Welds
Slot and Back Welds
Timber and Steel Design Timber and Steel Design
Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
S U R A N A R E E INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Advantages of Welding Advantages of Welding
Disadvantages of Welding Disadvantages of Welding
- Fatique
- Inspection Cost
- Economic : save gusset and spice plates
- Applicability : such as connection of steel pipe column
- Rigidity & Continuity : strong joint makes one-pieces construction
- Easier to make changes during construction
- Relative silence
Welding Process
Electric arc produces 3600
o
C
between section to be welded
and the electrode.
Filler and Base metal are melt in a weld pool and join into one
homogeneous solid
Arc is shielded by slag to protect molten metal from air
Welding Inspection
Welding Inspection
1. Visual inspection
2. Liquid penetrants
3. Magnetic particles
4. Ultrasonic testing
5. Radiographic procedures
Classification of Welds Classification of Welds
Types of welds made: Types of welds made:
Fillet welds
Groove welds
Fillet welds
Plug welds Slot welds
Typical uses of fillet welds Typical uses of fillet welds
Lapped plate Stitch plate Slotted connection
Beam bearing plate Tee connection Bracket
Typical uses of fillet welds Typical uses of fillet welds
Column base plate Pipe connection Beam bracket
Built-up sections
Positions of welds: Positions of welds:
Overhead
welds
Flat weld
Vertical
weld
Horizontal
weld
Classification of Welds Classification of Welds
Types of joint: Types of joint:
Lap
Butt
Tee
Edge
Corner
Examples of Lap Joints Examples of Lap Joints
Ease of fitting : pieces dont required precise fabrication.
pieces can be slightly shifted for adjustment
Ease of joining : edge of pieces dont need
special preparation and are usually sheared
or flame cut.
.ra:|eau
rreva.a
.ra:vev:
L-P
::-a.ra:
r:a.ra:
T
S(E)
ra-ve
rver.ra:
rve.ra:u:ert.e
r

e
a

v
aaua+..uaruv+v
.evaa
e

v
e

v
.

:
R
A
F
.ra-:a.ra:e..
r:eraa ara.ra:.uua-a
.uuae -uv
eve:.a.ra:
Reference line & Arrow
Arrow side & Other side
arrow
side
other
side
below=arrow and above=other
Weld-all-around
The open circle at the
arrow/reference line junction
a++.-
a....
a++.-
a....
a++.-
a....
a++.-
a....
avaar avaar x x ava+v ava+v
Fillet Welds - For lap joints, corner joints and T joints
- Triangular in cross-section
Transverse fillet weld Longitudinal fillet weld
Example of Fillet Welds
Symbol As built
8
8 mm
8 mm
Symbol As built
6 x 10
6 mm
10 mm
Example of Fillet Welds
Symbol As built
8
8 mm
8 mm
15
15 cm
Symbol As built
6 5-10
5 cm
10 cm
6 mm
6 mm
Groove Welds
- Commonly used to make edge-to-edge joints
8 mm max.
(a)
Reinforcement
(b) (c)
Reasons for having reinforcement:
(a) To take care of pits and other irregularities
(b) Too difficult to make weld surface equal to material
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Spacer
Land
Types of Groove Weld
3
3 mm
"groove" is created by either a tight fit
or a slight separation of the edges. The
amount of separation, if any, is given on
the weld symbol.
Square groove weld
60
o
60
o
60
o
60
o
3
3 mm
V-groove weld, in which the edges of both pieces are chamfered, either
singly or doubly
60
o
60
o
60
o
60
o
10
6
60
o
6 mm
10 mm
10
10 mm
If the depth of the V is not the full thickness--or half the thickness in the
case of a double V--the depth is given to the left of the weld symbol.
40
o
40
o
The bevel groove weld, in which the
edge of one of the pieces is chamfered
and the other is left square.
The U-groove weld, in which the edges
of both pieces are given a concave
treatment.
60
o
60
o
15
15 mm
40
o
40
o
15
15 mm
The J-groove weld, in which the edge of
one of the pieces is given a concave
treatment and the other is left square.
The flare-V groove weld, commonly used to join two round or curved parts.
The intended depth of the weld itself are given to the left of the symbol, with
the weld depth shown in parentheses.
25 (16)
16
25
The flare bevel groove weld, commonly used to join a round or curved
piece to a flat piece.
20 (10)
20 mm
20 mm
10 mm
10 mm
Plug & Slot Welds
- Used to join overlapping members, one of which has
holes in it.
- Weld metal is deposited in the holes and penetrates
and fuses with the base metal.
22 8
8
8
22 mm
(3)
25 8-12
(2)
Section thru plug
15
Det. B
Det. B
25
8 cm
12 cm
25 mm
Section thru plug
15 mm
8 cm
ar arna naaav.vvva.a+a aav.vvva.a+a
P
45
o
Throat = 0.707 leg
P
. a..!a..a.-. - a..!a....a.-.
FILLET WELDS FILLET WELDS
Leg
Leg
Root
Theoretical throat
Theoretical face
Weld face
(a) Convex
Weld face
Theoretical throat
(b) Concave
45
o
size
size
Throat = size cos 45
o
= size 0.707
size
L
P
P
Failure
plane
Shear stress: f
v
=
0.707 size L
P
size
size
T
h
r
o
a
t
45
o
Throat = size cos 45
o
= 0.707 size
a+v+ar
a+v+ar
n a
n a
aa
aa
.aa...a.! F
v
= 0.30 F
u
+.a.-. E60: F
u
= 60 ksi = 4,200 kg/cm
2
+.a.-. E70: F
u
= 70 ksi = 4,900 kg/cm
2
+.a.-. E80: F
u
= 80 ksi = 5,600 kg/cm
2
+..a.-. P = 0.707 size L F
v
+..a.-..+..a. P = 0.707 size F
v
+.a.-. E60XX: .:.++.+. 2,500 ksc
+.a.-. E70XX: .:.++.+. 2,500 4,200 ksc
+.a.-. E80XX: .:.++.+. 4,500 ksc
a+n is.s +..a.-. +.
--a : is
:a a:a iz
aa s-a i+
sa :a s
-:a a s
:a s
a :-: s
r:+ rs+
vvaar
(..:
E70XX size 5 mm: 0.707 (0.5) (0.3) (4,900) = 520 kg/cm
Material thickness Min. size
t 6 mm 3 mm
6 mm < t 12 mm 5 mm
12 mm < t 19 mm 6 mm
t 19 mm 8 mm
vuvaar vuvaar
1) Min length of fillet weld 4 leg size
x
4 x
2) Max. weld size :
- t 6 mm, weld size = t
- t > 6 mm, weld size = t - 2 mm
Weld
size
t = Material
thickness
3) Min. weld size :
5) Longitudinal fillet: weld length weld distance
weld distance 20 cm
vuvaar vuvaar . .
4) End return length 2 weld size
P P
End
Return
6) Min lap joint 5 thickness 25 mm
Weld length
Weld
distance
P
P
t
..a.:
P
P P
20 cm
15 cm
10 mm
PL 2 x 20
o.aa++n +c-+ rver:e:era:-ra.e.ae.eevu er.-e
.c. ee.ra:.uv.uu t.c .e:a.ra:.uuna:rve +c ::.
.en+ eraa.ra:ne.e.rve +c :.:. +.c+c ..r:.
.era:-raa.ra: (+-.c-+)(+.c+c).+.ccc . .v
.era:-ra..v.-e (. .c)(c.cc ..) cc .v
P = ua ov
P P
PL 1 x 10
o.aa++n +c-a |er.-e .c .e:ee.ra: t.c aa.uua.ra:.uuna
.na.vrvv-vur..:ruv..v.-e + +c r:. e.eevu
r:a.ra:r.a +(+.ccc).a.c +a r:.
r.ra:aa:ue':va . c.a +.c r:. (u a zr.,
r:a.ra:..e:r +a... ..c r:. (u +o zr.,
.en+ P (+.c)(+c)(c.c)(..) + .v
rvea.ra:-ee +c ~ . a ::.. rvea.ra:.eee ::.
u.aa.uarrv+ e rr. era:-raa.ra: a.c ..r:.
Slot and Back Welds
when welds length not sufficient
ra+nva+n.u+..uarauua.a+.:
i. o.+r.++ra+. .a':var:-vra.. v.-eu a ::. .e:': .v . .rra
rvea.ra:
a. rv+.aa.uar e-u..v.-e-v':.v +c ::.. rvea.ra:.a.rur:-v
..v.-e .e:e-u..v.-e-v +c ::.. rvea.ra:.a':var-vrar:
-v..v.-e-a +c ::.
c. o.+ra+.r+ara+. .:.rueu.rrarvea.ra:
4
1
stress) lowable (width)(al
load
= L
15 cm
P P
Slot weld
Weld on back
of channel
L
.en+ .va..v ar:.e
rve-eeraa.ra: t
w
~ . +c. ~ . a. ::. (u e r.r.,
ea.ra:rve a ::. a.c ..r:.
r:a.ra:r.a ac(+.ccc).a.c ac r:. ca r:. r:-
+vvu.aa.uarauu.a+.
o.aa++n +c-c aa.uua.ra:.uuna.na.a-v.ev c.ac+. u
..v.-ee.eevu v-vurra ac .v |eree.ra: t.c -v.e
ve:eruuv..v.-e'e.n + r:. .va.:.var.e .e:':e:e
.ra:r-e-v.ev'e
15 cm
80 t 80 t
Slot weld
Weld on back
of channel
C380x54.5
(t
w
=10.5 mm)
ea.r a:.uunarve a ::.(a.c)(+-+-.a..).+.ccc+.+ .v
v-vurr.au|ea.ra: ac ~ +.+ ..c .v
r:rar.a ..c.(.. c..c +.a) ... r:. (u ..u zr.,
r::eera:- +c(+.c) +c. r:. .. r:. as
u.aa.uarauu.a+.rv+ a.u ..u zr.
r:vaeera +c. - a +a. ::.
r::eera . +.+ rvea.ra:
(...)(t
w
rav) ...(+c.)
.+ ::. (u au rr.,