Physics 7C

Sections A, B, C & D
Professor Lawrence B. Coleman
1
Lecture 5 -- Ray Optics, Lenses and Mirrors
and Start of Fields
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5
Bad Triple Pun of the Week:
Three brothers inherit their fathers cattle ranch and rename it
Focus because --- Thats where the sons raise meat!

! Quiz #1 Reconsiderations to me in lecture.
Download, fill out and attach form. Write
neatly. No writing on quiz.
! Quiz #2 should be coming back soon. Two
lectures to submit for re-consideration.
! Quiz #3 next week May 8
th
& 9
th

! Quiz #3 Standing Waves and Rays (Snells
Law and Physics of Lenses)
! Quiz #3 Practice Quizzes posted. Solutions
will appear Tuesday @ 9AM.

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 2
Announcements
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 3
Snells Law of Refraction
n
1
sin!
1
= n
2
sin!
2
! Measure all angles from normal.
! Use descriptive subscripts
! Careful of radians vs. degrees
n
stuff

!
stuff


The bigger the difference of
ns, the more bending

How to hide diamonds.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 4
Snells Law Example
n
air
= 1.00


n
H2O
= 1.33
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 5
Images In Mirrors
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 6
The NASA Candle
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 7
Apparent Depth
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 8
Apparent Depth
! If I follow a ray moving from a high
index material ( glass or water) to a
low index material (air), what are the
angles doing?
! n
water
> n
air
so !
air
> !
water
! What happens when !
air
gets to 90 ?
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 9
Total Internal Reflection
! What happens when !
air
gets to 90 ?
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 10
Total Internal Reflection
! What happens when !
air
gets to 90 ?
! N
air
sin 90 = n
air
= n
water
sin !
c
! !
c
= sin
-1
(n
air
/n
water
) ~ 49

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 11
Total Internal Reflection
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 12
Fiber Optics & Surgery
! Lens work using refraction and their
shape.
! It is the shape + the bending of rays
at the two interfaces in and out of
the lens.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 13
Lenses
! Lens work using refraction and their shape.
! It is the shape + the bending of rays at the two interfaces in and out of the lens.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 14
Lenses
! Lens work using refraction and their shape.
! Convex converging



Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 15
Lenses
! Lens work using refraction and their shape.
! Concave diverging




Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 16
Lenses
! A technique for finding the image created by
lenses and mirrors.
! It is a set of rules, not really physics.
! Learn the three principle rays.
! Work examples DL FNTs
! Although you only need two do all three! It is
an error check!!
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 17
Ray Tracing
! Images can be
real or virtual
erect or inverted
enlarged or reduced
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 18
Ray Tracing
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 19
Ray Tracing
! Its not just the three principle rays.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 20
Ray Tracing
! If you have more than one lens just do them
one at a time.
! Use the image of the first as the object of the
second.
! Even though light does not pass through a
virtual image you still use it as the object.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 21
Ray Tracing Multiple Lenses

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 22
The Thin Lens Equation
!
1
f
=
1
o
+
1
i
m=
h
i
h
o
= !
i
o
Rules for the signs

Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 23
Thin Lens Equation
+ -
f
Converging lens Diverging lens
o
Almost always
only when multiple
lenses, when.
i
Other side of lens
from object
Same side of lens
as object (virtual
image)

An entomologist is examining an insect with a
magnifying glass. If the magnifying glass is 2 cm
above the specimen and the magnification is 4
times, what is the focal length of the lens?
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 24
Thin Lens Equation Example Problem
! Use shape and reflection, not
refraction to form images
! Concave or convex spherical
! f = radius/2
! Are converging or diverging
! Produce real and virtual images
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 25
Spherical Mirrors
! Concave converging
! Convex - diverging
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 26
Spherical Mirrors
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 27
Spherical Mirrors
! Make-up & Shaving Mirrors
concave mirror
! Inside focal length virtual magnified
image

! Passenger side mirror
! Convex
! virtual reduced image
! What is a field??
! A field is a model to describe the
way things are or how things
interact.
! Fields can be scalar or vector.
! Any property that depends on a
position in space can be represented
by a field.
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 28
Fields
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 29
Fields Example
Scalar Field
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 30
Fields Example
Scalar Field
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 31
Fields Example
Vector Field
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 32
Fields Central or Radial Field
Earths Gravitational Field
! Each arrow is the force vector that
describes the force of gravity on the
earth on a test mass.
! Length of arrow indicates size of
interaction ( force) on test mass.
! Gravitational field radial & 1/r
2
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 33
Fields
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 34
Fields
Earth & Moon
The gravitational force on a 2 Kg block.
Gravitational Forces
F
earth on block
= (GM
earth
M
block
)/r
2
earth


= (6.67X10
-11
Nm
2
/
kg2
)(5.98 x10
24
kg)2kg / (6.38x10
6
m)
2
= 19.6 N

Block effected by gravitational field

F
earth on block
= M
block
g = 2kg 9.8 N/Kg = 19.6 N



Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 35
Fields or Forces
Physics 7C Spring 2014 - Lecture 5 36