Red Book (Civil Engineering; 4th Ed.

1987)
REMEASUREMEN M!"#$#E" ! %UM& SUM
'UES#!N
he (ollo)ing *+er, i- in rel.tion to . -it+.tion )hi/h h.- o//+rred in the /onte0t o( the
e0e/+tion o( . %+12 S+1 /ontr./t3 reg+l.ted 4, . -t.nd.rd $#"#C (Red Book) ter1- .nd
/ondition-. he S2e/i(i/.tion- /.ll (or 5C.-t #ron5 2i2e-3 )hile the B!' /.ll- (or 5U&6C5 2i2e-.
he Contr./tor .nd +2on the .22rov.l o( the Engineer3 .nd )itho+t h.ving .n, in-tr+/tion- to
do -o3 e0e/+ted the 7ork- in U&6C. "oe- thi- entitle the E12lo,er to re*+e-t /o-t -.ving on
thi- ite18 And on )h.t 4.-i-8 9o+r re-2on-e to the .4ove i- highl, .22re/i.ted.
ANS7ER
9o+ -., th.t ,o+ h.ve . %+12 S+1 Contr./t. he $#"#C Con-tr+/tion Contr./t Book i- .
re1e.-+re1ent /ontr./t -o the 2.,1ent 2rovi-ion- 1+-t h.ve 4een /h.nged to 2rovide (or the
%+12 S+1. he .n-)er to ,o+r *+e-tion )ill de2end on the )ording o( the-e %+12 S+1
2rovi-ion-. # regret th.t $#"#C /.n onl, /o11ent on *+e-tion- )hi/h on the inter2ret.tion o( the
$#"#C :ener.l Condition-3 -o )e .re +n.4le to .n-)er ,o+r *+e-tion. 7e (e.r th.t thi- i- .n
indi/.tion o( )h.t h.22en- i( :ener.l Condition- .re 1odi(ied 4, S2e/i.l &rovi-ion- )itho+t d+e
/.re.
SUBC!NRCA!R;S E<&ER#ENCE
'UES#!N
# )o+ld like ,o+r .dvi/e on the de(inition o( . -+4/ontr./tor3 .nd o( the (ollo)ing tender /riteri.=
5-+4/ontr./tor-; e02erien/e .nd re-o+r/e- -h.ll not 4e t.ken into .//o+nt in deter1ining the
4idder;- /o12li.n/e )ith *+.li(,ing /riteri.5. #n other )ord-3 doe- thi- 1e.n th.t i( . 4idder h.-
)orked .- . -+4/ontr./tor3 he i- not 2er1itted to .dd th.t e02erien/e .- 2.rt o( hi-
*+.li(i/.tion8 # )o+ld like ,o+r /l.ri(i/.tion.
ANS7ER
he $#"#C de(inition o( . -+4/ontr./tor i- given .t S+4>Cl.+-e 1.1.?.8 o( the 1999 Contr./t (or
Con-tr+/tion .-= 5S+4/ontr./tor5 1e.n- .n, 2er-on n.1ed in the Contr./t .- . -+4/ontr./tor3
or .n, 2er-on .22ointed .- . -+4/ontr./tor3 (or . 2.rt o( the 7ork-; .nd the leg.l -+//e--or- in
title to e./h o( the-e 2er-on-. "i((erent /lient- h.ve di((erent /riteri. )hen ev.l+.ting tender-.
$#"#C )o+ld /ert.inl, e02e/t th.t .n, /lient )ill ).nt to en-+re th.t the tenderer h.- .de*+.te
e02erien/e .- . 1.in /ontr./tor .nd h.- not @+-t )orked .- . -+4/ontr./tor. Ao)ever3 in
$#"#C;- o2inion3 thi- )o+ld nor1.ll, 4e )orded .- 5E02erien/e .- . -+4/ontr./tor ....5. $#"#C
h.- .l-o kno)n /lient- to 4e /on/erned th.t tenderer- h.ve relied on . 2ro2o-ed
-+4/ontr./tor;- e02erien/e .nd re-o+r/e- )hen 2re2.ring . tender .nd then the n.1ed
-+4/ontr./tor i- )ithdr.)n .nd .nother3 le-- e02erien/ed3 /o12.n, i- 2ro2o-ed .(ter the
tender h.- 4een .//e2ted. Ao)ever3 (or .n intern.tion.l tender3 -o1e /lient- re*+ire th.t .
/ert.in 2er/ent.ge o( the 7ork- 1+-t 4e -+4/ontr./ted to lo/.l /o12.nie-. #n thi- /.-e the
e02erien/e .nd re-o+r/e- o( the 2ro2o-ed -+4/ontr./tor- )ill 4e .n i12ort.nt 2.rt o( the
tender. he /lient;- /riteri. )hen ev.l+.ting tender- de2end on . n+14er o( di((erent (./tor-3
in/l+ding the 2.-t e02erien/e o( the 2.rti/+l.r /lient. #n order to .-/ert.in the e0./t intention- (or
ev.l+.ting ,o+r 2.rti/+l.r tender ,o+ )o+ld need to r.i-e the *+e-tion )ith the /lient.
$REE>#SSUE MAER#A%S
'UES#!N
# h.ve . *+e-tion reg.rding Cl.+-e B9.1 (or "e(.+lt o( E12lo,er. 7e .re e0e/+ting . Contr./t
(or . &ro@e/t in &.ki-t.n +nder $#"#C $o+rth Edition3 1987. he E12lo,er h.- .--igned he
Engineer .nd .l-o .n E12lo,er;- Re2re-ent.tive. he E12lo,er;- Re2re-ent.tive i- (or1 ti1e>
to>ti1e ./ting like he Engineer .nd )o+ld like to 2h,-i/.ll, /he/k the )ork- .t -ite. he, .re
.l-o .22l,ing ded+/tion- on the /erti(i/.te- o( he Engineer3 -+/h .- retention 1one, on
e-/.l.tion3 .nd .l-o '+.ntitie-3 et/. he .1o+nt o( the +n.+thoriCed ded+/tion- .re .ro+nd D E
o( the tot.l .1o+nt /erti(i/.te- i--+ed 4, he Engineer. 7e h.ve -erved . noti/e +nder Cl.+-e
B9.1 .nd B9.43 o( the Condition- o( Contr./t to red+/e the r.te o( )ork .nd (+rther1ore3 /l.ri(,
th.t the Cl.+-e B9.1 e02l.in- the de(.+lt o( the E12lo,er3 reg.rdle-- o( the *+.nt+1 o( .1o+nt
in /.-e o( E12lo,er;- (.il+re to 2., to the Contr./tor tot.l .1o+nt d+e +nder .n, /erti(i/.te o(
the Engineer. "o ,o+ think th.t the .4ove -t.te1ent i- tr+e .nd it i- . /.-e o( de(.+lt o( the
E12lo,er 8
ANS7ER
"e2ending on )h.t i- )ritten in the Contr./t .nd the &.rti/+l.r Condition-3 gener.ll, -2e.king
,o+ h.ve . /.-e .g.in-t the E12lo,er. he d.1.ge- )hi/h the Contr./tor 1., /l.i1 )o+ld
in/l+de intere-t .ndFor (in.n/ing /h.rge-. Ao)ever3 ,o+ 1+-t /he/k the 2rovi-ion- o( the S+4>
/l.+-e ?.1 Engineer;- d+tie- .nd .+thorit, 3to -ee )h.t i- 1entioned there. #t i- not ver, /le.r
)h.t i- thi- E12lo,er;- Re2re-ent.tive .nd )h.t .re hi- d+tie- +nder the Contr./t3. Ao)ever3
one )o+ld -+-2e/t th.t ,o+ h.ve . /.-e .g.in-t the E12lo,er.

B!:US C%A#MS
'UES#!N
# re*+e-t to give 1e /l.ri(i/.tion .4o+t the /orre/t inter2ret.tion o( Cl.+-e BG.B $in.l -t.te1ent
in the $#"#C Condition- o( Contr./t 1987 revi-ed in 199?. hi- i- .4o+t -+41i--ion 4, the
Contr./tor o( (in.l -t.te1ent /ont.ining the (ollo)ing (.) ;the v.l+e o( .ll )ork done in
.//ord.n/e )ith the /ontr./t3 .nd (4).n, (+rther -+1- )hi/h the /ontr./tor /on-ider- to 4e d+e
to hi1 +nder the /ontr./t or other)i-e;. # ).nt /l.ri(i/.tion )ith re-2e/t to (4) .4ove. "oe- it
in/l+de the Cl.i1- )hi/h the Contr./tor h.- never r.i-ed d+ring the /+rren/, o( /ontr./t
.//ording to 2rovi-ion- o( the /ontr./t8 # .1 /on(ronted )ith . di-2+te #n )hi/h the /ontr./tor
(or . v.l+e o( tot.l )ork o( R- 7G 1illion h.- -+41itted (in.l .//o+nt- o( R- ?8G 1illon 4,
in/l+ding v.rio+- t,2e o( /l.i1- )hi/h he never /l.i1ed d+ring the /ontr./t 2eriod .nd no)
/l.i1- in the (in.l -t.te1ent .nd -in/e the EngineerFE12lo,er (.iled to re-2ond3 the Contr./tor
/l.i1- th.t the (in.l .//o+nt h.- 4e/o1e (in.l. # )o+ld re*+e-t (or .n e.rl, re-2on-e .- to the
tr+e .nd intended 2+r2o-e o( the -+4>/l.+-e (4) o( Cl.+-e BG.B o( the :ener.l Condition- o( the
.4ove 1entioned $#"#C ver-ion (or /ivil )ork- /on-tr+/tion. Sho+ld # in/l+de .ll 4og+- /l.i1-
)h.t # intend to in/l+de (or the 2+r2o-e th.t i( # /l.i1 US" 1GG # )o+ld .t le.-t get US" 1. Ao) #
/.n re4+t thi-8
ANS7ER
he 2rovi-ion- o( S+4>/l.+-e BG.B h.ve to 4e re.d together )ith the 2rovi-ion- o( S+4>/l.+-e
BG.D .nd o( /o+r-e )ith the 2rovi-ion- o( the S+4>/l.+-e BG.9. #n order (or the Contr./tor to
1.int.in .n, /l.i13 he 1+-t in/l+de it in hi- St.te1ent .t Co12letion3 i( it h.- .ri-en 4, then3
.nd in hi- $in.l St.te1ent. here .re . n+14er o( in/iden/e- +nder the /ontr./t )hen the
E12lo,er give- to the Contr./tor inde1nitie- or i- other)i-e re-2on-i4le to the Contr./tor.
Cl.+-e- in )hi/h thi- o//+r- .nd )here the Contr./tor;- re-+lting /l.i1- .g.in-t the E12lo,er
/o+ld .ri-e (or the (ir-t ti1e .(ter the St.te1ent .t Co12letion or $in.l St.te1ent h.ve 4een
-+41itted 4, the Contr./tor in/l+de the (ollo)ing= Cl.+-e 19.? (E12lo,er;- re-2on-i4ilitie-) in
rel.tion to -.(et,; Cl.+-e ?1.H (Re-2on-i4ilit, (or .1o+nt- not re/overed); Cl.+-e ??.H
(#nde1nit, 4, E12lo,er); Cl.+-e ?4.1 (A//ident or in@+r, to )ork1en); Cl.+-e ?D.4
(Co12li.n/e )ith 2oli/, /ondition-); Cl.+-e ?B.1 (Co12li.n/e )ith -t.t+te-3 reg+l.tion-);
Cl.+-e 7G.? (S+4-e*+ent legi-l.tion); .nd Cl.+-e 71.1 (C+rren/, re-tri/tion-). #n e./h o( the
.4ove /.-e-3 it i- /on/eiv.4le th.t the Contr./tor )o+ld )i-h to 1.ke . /l.i1 .g.in-t the
E12lo,er .(ter the d.te o( the $in.l St.te1ent. $+rther3 i( the Contr./tor ).- 1.de li.4le +nder
the .22li/.4le l.) to . third 2.rt, in re-2e/t o( de-ign )hi/h h.d 4een /.rried o+t 4, the
Engineer3 the Contr./tor )o+ld )i-h to 4ring . /l.i1 .g.in-t the E12lo,er to re/over .n,
d.1.ge- 2.id o+t. S+4>/l.+-e BG.9 in (./t 4.r- the /l.i1- not 1entioned in the St.te1ent .t
Co12letion .nd in the $in.l St.te1ent. he 2+r2o-e o( the -+4>/l.+-e i- -en-i4le3 n.1el, to
en.4le the E12lo,er to ./hieve . re.-on.4le degree o( /ert.int, .- to hi- +lti1.te li.4ilit,.

A&&!#N#N: AN EN:#NEER
'UES#!N
#- it re/o11ended to h.ve in . /ontr./t 4.-ed on $#"#C;- Ele/tri/.l .nd Me/h.ni/.l 7ork-
Contr./t .n e0tern.l e02ert ./ting .- the Engineer8 !r i- there no 2ro4le1 in re/r+iting the
Engineer (ro1 .1ong-t the Bene(i/i.r, (in o+r /.-e . 52+4li/5 .+thorit,)8 7e .re -igning .
/ontr./t -hortl,. he Engineer i- .//ording to the Red Book3 Cl.+-e ?.4 &.rt # 4o+nd to ./t
i12.rti.ll,. he *+e-tion i- i( there i- .n intern.l in/o12.ti4ilit, in the rel.tion-hi2 to hi-
E12lo,er.
ANS7ER
he 4.-i- +2on )hi/h the 1987 9ello) Book .nd Red Book i- )ritten i- th.t the Engineer i-
.22ointed 4, the E12lo,er3 4+t th.t he i- inde2endent o( 4oth 2.rtie- > i.e.3 he i- .n
inde2endent third 2.rt,. #n 1.n, /.-e- he i- re*+ired to give i12.rti.l de/i-ion- > in (./t +nder
Cl.+-e ?.4 o( the 9ello) Book he i- re*+ired to ./t i12.rti.ll, .t .ll ti1e- )hen e0er/i-ing hi-
di-/retion. #( the Engineer i- .n e12lo,ee o( the E12lo,er > e.g.3 -o1eone (ro1 the E12lo,er;-
Engineering "ivi-ion > there i- . 4ig ri-k th.t he )ill not 4e in . 2o-ition to ./t i12.rti.ll,.
Altho+gh he 1., 4e ver, e02erien/ed .nd /.2.4le (ro1 . te/hni/.l 2oint o( vie)3 .nd .4le to
h.ndle .ll te/hni/.l 1.tter-3 he 1., not 4e (ree to 1.ke de/i-ion- )hi/h involve (in.n/i.l
.rr.nge1ent-3 et/. in . (.ir .nd i12.rti.l 1.nner. #t i- not i12o--i4le3 nor +nkno)n3 (or the
E12lo,er to no1in.te hi1-el( or one o( hi- o)n -t.(( .- Engineer3 4+t it i- r.re .nd /ert.inl,
/.+-e- 2ro4le1-. he te0t o( .n, /l.+-e- re(erring to the i12.rti.lit, o( the Engineer )ill
2ro4.4l, need revi-ing .t -o1e -t.ge3 .- )ill the 2rovi-ion- (or h.ndling /l.i1- .nd di-2+te-
(Cl.+-e- ? .nd DG). he 2rin/i2le o( +-ing .n e12lo,ee o( the E12lo,er .- Engineer )o+ld 4e
1ore .//e2t.4le i( . "i-2+te Ad@+di/.tion Bo.rd ("AB) ).- introd+/ed to re2l./e the 2rin/i2.l
2rovi-ion- o( Cl.+-e- ? .nd DG.1 to de.l )ith /l.i1- .nd di-2+te-.

SAN"AR" %EERS
'UES#!N
# .1 . Civil Engineer3 2re-entl, )orking .- Contr./t- M.n.ger. $oreign (non>Briti-h n.tion.lit,)
engineer- +-+.ll, h.ve .n +nder-t.nding o( the /ontr./t do/+1ent .nd the .--o/i.ted
entitle1ent-Fo4lig.tion-3 4+t .l).,- e02re-- di((i/+lt, in /o12o-ing (or re-2onding to3 i( the, .re
on 5the other -ide5 3 /orre/tl, )orded 5-t.nd.rd5 letter- to the RE3 Engineer or E12lo,er in
/o12li.n/e )ith the re*+ire1ent- o( the v.rio+- -+4>/l.+-e-. "o ,o+ h.ve -+/h . 2+4li/.tion8
ANS7ER
he onl, 4ook )hi/h )e /.n re/olle/t i- 5M+-ter4rie(e in Engli-/h5 (#SBN H>7B?D>?BG7>9)
.ltho+gh it- -t.nd.rd letter- .re not -+/h .- )e )o+ld 2re(er to endor-e. Altho+gh )e )ill
revie) the -it+.tion )ith reg.rd to the ne) $#"#C Contr./t- :+ide3 $#"#C l./k enth+-i.-1 (or
the ver, /on/e2t o( -t.nd.rd letter-3 )hi/h -ee1- to 4e tied +2 )ith the /on/e2t o( .voiding
thinking .4o+t the -it+.tion. Ao)ever3 )e do re/ogni-e the v.lidit, o( /on/ern- e02re--ed 4,
tho-e )ho-e (ir-t l.ng+.ge i- not Engli-h. h+-3 5M+-ter4rie(e in Engli-/h5 h.- 4een
re2+4li-hed .- .n ele/troni/ edition (it goe- )ith the 1987 Red Book /ivil )ork- /ontr./t). An
+2d.ted ver-ion (or +-e )ith the Con-tr+/tion Contr./t 1-t Edition3 19993 the Red Book
-+//e--or3 )ill 4e 2+4li-hed 4, $#"#C in ?GG9 ($#"#C h.- ./*+ired the /o2,right o( M+-ter4rie(e
in Engli-/h). #t -ho+ld 4e noted th.t Ed).rd Cor4ett;- 4ook 5$#"#C 4th 5/ont.in- -o1e -t.nd.rd
letter-. he-e h.ve 4een in/or2or.ted )ith 2er1i--ion in the ele/troni/ ver-ion o( 5M+-ter4rie(e
in Engli-/h5 2+4li-hed 4, $#"#C.

A&&EN"#< ! EN"ER "AA M#SS#!N (C!N#NUE")
'UES#!N
# 4elieve thi- /.-e doe- not /on-tit+te . *+e-tion o( 1i-t.ke in /ontr./t to 4e de/ided +nder the
.22li/.4le l.). he -/hed+le o( 2ri/e- o( l.4o+r .nd 1.teri.l- i- . 2rovi-ion (or the tenderer to
indi/.te hi- 2ri/e (/o-t 2l+- 2ro(it) on )hi/h he h.d 4.-ed hi- Contr./t &ri/e3 in order (or the
Engineer to .-/ert.in the v.l+e o( .n ite1 o( )ork th.t h.d 4een e0e/+ted (2o--i4l, +nder .
v.ri.tion order) .nd (or )hi/h3 or (or . -i1il.r ite1 o( )ork o( )hi/h3 no 2ri/e /o+ld 4e (o+nd in
the Bill o( '+.ntitie- (B!'). h+- the -/hed+le o( 2ri/e- o( 1.teri.l- .nd l.4o+r onl, .--i-t- the
Engineer to deter1ine the overhe.d- .nd 2ro(it- o( the Contr./tor3 +nder the ter1- o( the
/ontr./t3 th.t h.- to 4e .dded to the 4.-i/ /o-t o( e0e/+ting .n ite1 o( )ork3 )hi/h the Engineer
/.n .l).,- re.dil, deter1ine. #( 2rovi-on h.d 4een 1.de in the /ontr./t (or 2.,1ent (or 2ri/e
e-/.l.tion-3 then -+/h 2.,1ent- h.d to 4e deter1ined 4, re(eren/e to 2ri/e e-/.l.tion indi/e-3
2+4li-hed 4, .n .//e2ted .+thorit,. A- to )hi/h -o+r/e or 2+4li/.tion i- to 4e +-ed (or thi-
2+r2o-e3 de2end- on )h.t )o+ld h.ve 4een re.-on.4l, e02e/ted to 4e in the 1ind- o( the t)o
2.rtie- .t the ti1e o( entering into /ontr./t.
ANS7ER
7e .--+1e th.t thi- in*+ir, i- .4o+t $#"#C 1999 Condition- o( Contr./t )here in the 199 Red
Book S+4>Cl.+-e 1H.8 it -.,-= 51H.8 (Ad@+-t1ent- (or Ch.nge- in Co-t) > #n thi- S+4>Cl.+-e3
5t.4le o( .d@+-t1ent d.t.5 1e.n- the /o12leted t.4le o( .d@+-t1ent d.t. in/l+ded in the
A22endi0 to ender. #( there i- no -+/h t.4le o( .d@+-t1ent d.t.3 thi- S+4>Cl.+-e -h.ll not
.22l,. #( thi- S+4>Cl.+-e .22lie-3 the .1o+nt- 2.,.4le to the Contr./tor -h.ll 4e .d@+-ted (or
ri-e- or (.ll- in the /o-t o( l.4o+r. :ood- .nd other in2+t- to the 7ork-3 4, the .ddition or
ded+/tion o( the .1o+nt- deter1ined 4, the (or1+l.e 2re-/ri4ed in thi- S+4>Cl.+-e. o the
e0tent th.t (+ll /o12en-.tion (or .n, ri-e or (.ll in Co-t- i- not /overed 4, the 2rovi-ion- o( thi-
or other Cl.+-e-3 the A//e2ted Contr./t A1o+nt -h.ll 4e dee1ed to h.ve in/l+ded .1o+nt- to
/over the /ontingen/, o( other ri-e- .nd (.ll- in /o-t-. he .d@+-t1ent to 4e .22lied to the
.1o+nt other)i-e 2.,.4le to the Contr./tor3 .- v.l+ed in .//ord.n/e )ith the .22ro2ri.te
S/hed+le .nd /erti(ied in &.,1ent Certi(i/.te-3 -h.ll 4e deter1ined (ro1 (or1+l.e (or e./h o(
the /+rren/ie- in )hi/h the Contr./t &ri/e i- 2.,.4le. No .d@+-t1ent i- to 4e .22lied to )ork
v.l+ed on the 4.-i- o( Co-t or /+rrent 2ri/e-. he (or1+l.e -h.ll 4e o( the (ollo)ing gener.l
t,2e= &nI.J40%nF%oJ/0EnFEoJd0MnFMo )here= 5&n5 i- the .d@+-t1ent 1+lti2lier to 4e .22lied
to the e-ti1.ted /ontr./t v.l+e in the relev.nt /+rren/, o( the )ork /.rried o+t in 2eriod 5n53 thi-
2eriod 4eing . 1onth +nle-- other)i-e -t.ted in the A22endi0 to ender; 5.5 i- . (i0ed
/oe((i/ient3 -t.ted in the relev.nt t.4le o( .d@+-t1ent d.t.3 re2re-enting the non>.d@+-t.4le
2ortion in /ontr./t+.l 2.,1ent-; 5453 5/53 5d53 ... .re /oe((i/ient- re2re-enting the e-ti1.ted
2ro2ortion o( e./h /o-t ele1ent rel.ted to the e0e/+tion o( the 7ork-3 .- -t.ted in the relev.nt
t.4le o( .d@+-t1ent d.t.; -+/h t.4+l.ted /o-t ele1ent- 1., 4e indi/.tive o( re-o+r/e- -+/h .-
l.4o+r3 e*+i21ent .nd 1.teri.l-; 5%n53 5En53 5Mn53... .re the /+rrent /o-t indi/e- or re(eren/e
2ri/e- (or 2eriod 5n53 e02re--ed in the relev.nt /+rren/, o( 2.,1ent3 e./h o( )hi/h i- .22li/.4le
to the relev.nt t.4+l.ted /o-t ele1ent on the d.te 49 d.,- 2rior to the l.-t d., o( the 2eriod (to
)hi/h the 2.rti/+l.r &.,1ent Certi(i/.te rel.te-); .nd 5%o53 5Eo53 5Mo53 ... .re the 4.-e /o-t
indi/e- or re(eren/e 2ri/e-3 e02re--ed in the relev.nt /+rren/, o( 2.,1ent3 e./h o( )hi/h i-
.22li/.4le to the relev.nt t.4+l.ted /o-t ele1ent on the B.-e ".te. he /o-t indi/e- or
re(eren/e 2ri/e- -t.ted in the t.4le o( .d@+-t1ent d.t. -h.ll 4e +-ed. #( their -o+r/e i- in do+4t3 it
-h.ll 4e deter1ined 4, the Engineer. $or thi- 2+r2o-e3 re(eren/e -h.ll 4e 1.de to the v.l+e- o(
the indi/e- .t -t.ted d.te- (*+oted in the (o+rth .nd (i(th /ol+1n- re-2e/tivel, o( the t.4le) (or
the 2+r2o-e- o( /l.ri(i/.tion o( the -o+r/e; .ltho+gh the-e d.te- (.nd th+- the-e v.l+e-) 1.,
not /orre-2ond to the 4.-e /o-t indi/e-. #n /.-e- )here the 5/+rren/, o( inde05 (-t.ted in the
t.4le) i- not the relev.nt /+rren/, o( 2.,1ent3 e./h inde0 -h.ll 4e /onverted into the relev.nt
/+rren/, o( 2.,1ent .t the -elling r.te3 e-t.4li-hed 4, the /entr.l 4.nk o( the Co+ntr,3 o( thi-
relev.nt /+rren/, on the .4ove d.te (or )hi/h the inde0 i- re*+ired to 4e .22li/.4le. Until -+/h
ti1e .- e./h /+rrent /o-t inde0 i- .v.il.4le3 the Engineer -h.ll deter1ine . 2rovi-ion.l inde0 (or
the i--+e o( #nteri1 &.,1ent Certi(i/.te-. 7hen . /+rrent /o-t inde0 i- .v.il.4le3 the .d@+-t1ent
-h.ll 4e re/.l/+l.ted .//ordingl,. #( the Contr./tor (.il- to /o12lete the 7ork- )ithin the i1e
(or Co12letion3 .d@+-t1ent o( 2ri/e- there.(ter -h.ll 4e 1.de +-ing either (i) e./h inde0 or 2ri/e
.22li/.4le on the d.te 49 d.,- 2rior to the e02ir, o( the i1e (or Co12letion o( the 7ork-3 or (ii)
the /+rrent inde0 or 2ri/e= )hi/hever i- 1ore (.vo+r.4le to the E12lo,er. he )eighting-
(/oe((i/ient-) (or e./h o( the (./tor- o( /o-t -t.ted in the t.4le(-) o( .d@+-t1ent d.t. -h.ll onl, 4e
.d@+-ted i( the, h.ve 4een rendered +nre.-on.4le3 +n4.l.n/ed or in.22li/.4le3 .- . re-+lt o(
6.ri.tion-.5 he /l.+-e i- ver, /le.r .nd +n(ort+n.tel, the *+e-tion r.i-ed i- not rel.ted to .n
inter2ret.tion o( . S+4>Sl.+-e.

$A#RNESS !$ "E"UC#!NS
'UES#!N
A- o+r 2ro@e/t i- . l+12>-+1 /ontr./t3 the /lient h.- red+/ed -o1e o( the ite1- .nd i-
ded+/ting -+o1e o( o+r 2.,1ent .1o+nt- (ro1 the 1onthl, /erti(i/.te. #- it (.ir to ded+/t .n
.1o+nt8
ANS7ER
Altho+gh it i- not (or $#"#C to /o11ent on the 5(.irne--5 o( . 2.rti/+l.r /ir/+1-t.n/e3 it i- the
$#"#C 2hilo-o2h, to 2+4li-h Condition- o( Contr./t th.t .do2t .n .22ro./h o( (.irne-- .nd
4.l.n/ed ri-k .llo/.tion 4et)een the 2.rtie- .- . 2ri1.r, (o/+-. $+rther3 $#"#C /.n onl,
/o11ent in gener.l ter1- on the inter2ret.tion o( . $#"#C /l.+-e-3 .nd it -ho+ld 4e noted th.t
(or the .22li/.tion o( . /l.+-e to . 2.rti/+l.r 2ro4le1 -it+.tion3 one -ho+ld .l).,- /on-+lt .
-2e/i.li-t. 7ith th.t 4eing -.id3 in gener.l3 the S+4>Cl.+-e entitled 6.ri.tion- (S+4>Cl.+-e D?.1
in the 4th Edition or 1H.1 in the 1999 Edition o( the Con-tr+/tion Contr./t) doe- 2rovide the right
(or the Engineer to v.r, the )ork do)n).rd; -2e/i(i/.ll, the Engineer 1., de/re.-e *+.ntitie-
or o1it )ork3 2rovided o( /o+r-e th.t thi- )ork i- not /.rried o+t the E12lo,er or .nother
/ontr./t. $+rther3 S+4>Cl.+-e D1.1 2rovide- th.t -+/h v.ri.tion- )ill 4e v.l+ed in .//ord.n/e
)ith the Cl.+-e D?3 in the /.-e o( the 4th edition or Cl.+-e 1? in the /.-e o( the 1999 edition-.
Both o( the-e /l.+-e- 2rovide the r+le- (or the v.l+.tion o( the-e v.ri.tion-3 )hi/h in/l+de the
2o--i4ilit, o( red+/tion in 2ri/e. &le.-e note th.t the .4ove re2re-ent- . gener.l .n-)er onl,3
.nd -2e/i(i/ .dvi/e to the 2.rti/+l.r (./t- -+rro+nding ,o+r -it+.tion3 )e re/o11end ,o+ /on-+lt
. -2e/i.li-t.

%#'U#"AE" "AMA:ES
'UES#!N
# .1 )orking .- . Re-ident Engineer (or Aigh).,- )ith /on-+lt.nt-. A 4rie( det.il o( o+r 2ro@e/t
i- .- .- (ollo)-= he 2ro@e/t i- . re2.ir 2ro@e/t .nd i- divided in H -e/tion-. he -e/tion- .re o(
v.r,ing length- )ith 1DG1 (or the -horte-t one .nd 1.D K1 (or the longe-t one. Co12letion d.te
(or the 2ro@e/t h.- .lre.d, el.2-ed e.rl, thi- ,e.r .nd no ti1e e0ten-ion h.- 4een gr.nted to
the /ontr./tor o)ing to del., on hi- o)n 4eh.l(. )o -e/tion- h.ve .lre.d, 4een /o12leted
(o2ened to tr.((i/) .nd the Hrd -e/tion i- ne.r /o12letion. No -e2.r.te ti1e- (or /o12letion
h.ve 4een 2rovided in the /ontr./t (or either -e/tion. LCl.+-e 47.? o( $#"#C Condition- o(
Contr./t (4th edition) re/o11end- the red+/tion in 2en.lt, -+4@e/t to t.king over o( di((erent
-e/tion-. A- -.ted .4ove3 none o( the -e/tion- h.ve 4een ./*+ired 4, the /lient /ontr./t+.ll,.
he re(erred /l.+-e .l-o -t.te- th.t the 2rovi-ion- o( the -+4 /l.+-e -h.ll onl, .22l, to the r.te
o( li*+id.ted d.1.ge- .nd -h.ll not .((e/t the li1it thereo(. 7h.t # in(er (ro1 thi- 2.rt i- th.t
even .(ter the red+/tion o( 2en.lt,3 it -h.ll 4e .22li/.4le (ro1 the origin.l d.te o( e02ir, o( the
/ontr./t. #- thi- the right inter2ret.tion8 M, -e/ond *+er, i- reg.rding the red+/tion in li*+id.ted
d.1.ge-. Under the .4ove /ir/+1-t.n/e- )here the -e/tion- h.ve not 4een ./*+ired3 4+t
o2ened to tr.((i/ .nd gener.l 2+4li/3 /.n the 2en.ltie- 4e red+/ed /ontr./t+.ll, -+4@e/t to
1+t+.l .gree1ent )ith the /lient8 hirdl,3 d+ring the /+rren/, o( the 2ro@e/t3 -o1e -.ving- h.ve
4een there ()hi/h /o+ldn;t 4e e-ti1.ted .t de-ign -t.ge d+e to re2.iring n.t+re). he -.ving-
.re le-- th.n 1DE (/on-idering Cl.+-e D?.H). #( 2en.ltie- .re .22lied .nd red+/ed thereo(3 .re
the, to 4e /.l/+l.ted on the origin.l /ontr./t 2ri/e or the revi-ed one8
ANS7ER
#( +nder-tood /orre/tl,3 ,o+r (ir-t *+e-tion rel.te- to -+4>/l.+-e 47.?3 -2e/i(i/.ll, the l.-t
-enten/e3 )hi/h re.d- 5he 2rovi-ion- o( thi- S+4>Cl.+-e -h.ll onl, .22l, to the r.te o(
li*+id.ted d.1.ge- .nd -h.ll not .((e/t the li1it thereo(.5 he 1e.ning o( thi- -enten/e i- th.t
.ltho+gh thi- /l.+-e .llo)- (or the .1o+nt o( li*+id.ted d.1.ge- to 4e red+/ed 2ro2ortion.tel,
to the )ork 4eing h.nded over3 i( the )ork i- h.nded over in 2.rt-3 the 1.0i1+1 li1it o(
li*+id.ted d.1.ge- (.- -2e/i(ied in the .22endi0 to tender (-ee S+4>Cl.+-e 47.1)) i- not
.((e/ted. #n reg.rd to ,o+r -e/ond *+e-tion3 Cl.+-e 47 -ho+ld 4e re.d in /on@+n/tion )ith
Cl.+-e 48. #n the 4./kgro+nd to ,o+r *+e-tion3 ,o+ -t.ted th.t none o( the -e/tion- h.ve 4een
;./*+ired 4, the Client /ontr./t+.ll,;3 ,et e.rlier ,o+ -t.te th.t ;? -e/tion- h.ve .lre.d, 4een
/o12leted (o2ened to tr.((i/);. #n thi- light3 )e )o+ld -+gge-t th.t ,o+ 1., revie) 4oth -+4>
/l.+-e 48.? .nd 48.H3 )hi/h3 de2ending on the 2.rti/+l.r (./t 2.ttern -+rro+nding ,o+r /ontr./t3
1., 4e .22li/.4le. #n .n-)er to ,o+r third *+e-tion3 li*+.ted d.1.ge- .re not 2en.ltie-. 9o+
.re kindl, re(erred to the ver4i.ge /ont.ined in S+4>Cl.+-e 47.13 )hi/h re.d-3 in 2.rt 5... .nd
not .- . 2en.lt, ...5. A- e02l.ined in the :+ide to the Red Book3 %i*+id.ted d.1.ge- .re .n
.1o+nt deter1ined 4, the E12lo,er3 4e(ore tender- .re invited3 .- . re.-on.4le .--e--1ent o(
the ./t+.l d.1.ge- )hi/h he )o+ld -+((er in the event o( del., in /o12letion o( the 7ork-.
Aen/e3 in gener.l3 %i*+.d.ted ".1.ge- -ho+ld 4e /.l/+l.ted (ro1 the v.nt.ge 2oint th.t )ill
re-+lt in . re.-on.4le .--e--1ent o( the ./t+.l d.1.ge-.

6A%UE EN:#NEER#N: SUB>C%AUSE
'UES#!N
#n ter1- o( the $#"#C 1987 Red Book3 i- the Contr./tor entitled to . 2ortion o( the -.ving .-
2rovided (or in the ter1- o( S+4>Cl.+-e 1H.? (6.l+e Engineering) in the 1999 Red Book8
ANS7ER
he $#"#C 1987 eRed Book doe- not h.ve . -i1il.r 2rovi-ion .- the one 1entioned in the
$#"#C 1999 edition 6.l+e Engineering3 S+4>Cl.+-e 1H.? Ao)ever ,o+ 1., (ind in the 1987 Red
Book . -o /.lled 4on+- (or e.rl, /o12letion.

A""##!NA% 7!RKS
'UES#!N
Being . 2ro@e/t 1.n.ger (ro1 the /lient -ide3 # )o+ld like to kno) .- 2er $#"#C /.n # (or/e .
/ontr./tor to /.rr, o+t .ddition.l )ork- 2rior to .22rov.l o( hi- (in.n/i.l /l.i18
ANS7ER
he 4.-i/ .n-)er i- 9ES3 2rovided ,o+ (ollo) the /orre/t /ontr./t 2ro/ed+re-. here .re .
n+14er o( S+4>Cl.+-e- )hi/h .re relev.nt in/l+ding3 (ro1 the 1999 Con-tr+/tion Contr./t= .)
SFCl H.1= he E12lo,er 1., h.ve i12o-ed /on-tr.int- on the Engineer;- .+thorit, in the
&.rti/+l.r Condition-. 4) SFCl H.H= he Contr./tor -h.ll /o12l, )ith in-tr+/tion- given 4, the
Engineer. /) SFCl 1H.1= he Contr./tor -h.ll e0e/+te .nd 4e 4o+nd 4, e./h 6.ri.tion initi.ted
4, the Engineer. S+4@e/t to e0/e2tion- .- -t.ted in the S+4>Cl.+-e. d) SFCl 1H.H= &ro/ed+re-
(or the Engineer to v.l+e the 6.ri.tion. he Engineer 1., h.ve .-ked (or .nd .//e2ted .
2ro2o-.l3 or he 2ro/eed- .- Cl.+-e 1?.

NE7 RAES
'UES#!N
#n . /ivil 1.rine )ork /ontr./t o( $#"#C /ondition-3 di-2+te- *+ite o(ten o//+r- on (i0ing o(
revi-ion o( r.te-. tho+gh /l.+-e- D1 .nd D? o( $o+rth Edition > Red Book > /le.rl, 2rovide
/.+-e- (or v.ri.tion .nd v.l+.tion o( r.te-3 .14ig+it, -till 2er-i-t- )ith re-2e/t to .do2tion o(
revi-ed r.te- (or v.ried *+.ntitie- onl, or (or (+ll *+.ntit, e0e/+ted .- long .-there .re no 1.@or
/h.nge- in de2lo,1ent o( )ork1en3 e*+i21ent .nd 1.teri.l-. %e.ving the de/i-ion to engineer
1., not give .n .22ro2ri.te -ol+tion .- 2er-on- holding the 2o-t o( engineer 1., h.ve di((erent
vie)- .nd their de/i-ion- 1., not e0./tl, 1.t/h )ith the vie)- o( $#"#C .+thor-. &le.-e /l.ri(,
the -it+.tion- )hen revi-ed r.te- .re .22li/.4le (or the entire *+.ntit, or (or in/re.-ed *+.ntitie-
onl,.
ANS7ER
he de/i-ion )hether . ne) r.te .22lie- to the tot.l *+.ntit, o( .n ite13 or @+-t to the 6.ri.tion
*+.ntit,3 )ill de2end on the re.-on )h, . ne) r.te i- ne/e--.r,. hi- 1., de2end on the
re.-on .nd det.il- o( the /h.nge to the Contr./tor;- /o-t. So1eti1e- the origin.l *+.ntit, )ill
.lre.d, h.ve 4een e0e/+ted .nd 2.id .t the B' r.te3 4e(ore the 6.ri.tion i- ordered. Ao)ever3
-o1eti1e- the (./t o( the *+.ntit, 4eing /h.nged 4, the 6.ri.tion )ill /h.nge the
/ir/+1-t.n/e- .nd /o-t- .nd 1.ke- it re.-on.4le to 2., the tot.l *+.ntit, .t the ne) r.te. he
ne) r.te 1., di((er i( it i- 4eing .22lied to the tot.l *+.ntit, or @+-t to the 6.ri.tion *+.ntit,. he
Engineer )ill3 o( /o+r-e3 t.ke .ll the-e (./tor- into .//o+nt )hen /.l/+l.ting . ne) r.te. 9o+
-ho+ld .l-o re(er to the /o11ent.r, on Cl.+-e- D1 .nd D? in the $#"#C :+ide to the $o+rth
Edition. he /o11ent.r, e12h.-i-e- the i12ort.n/e o( /on-+lt.tion )ith 4oth the 2.rtie-.

A&&EN"#< ! EN"ER "AA M#SS#N:
'UES#!N
A /ontr./t ).- -igned +nder the $#"#C Condition- o( Contr./t )hi/h re*+ire th.t indi/e- (or the
-killed .nd +n-killed l.4o+r -ho+ld 4e (illed 4, the Contr./tor in the relev.nt A22endi0 )hile
-+41itting the tender. hi- re*+ire1ent in/l+ding the -o+r/e o( the indi/e- ).- ho)ever not
(+l(illed 4, the Contr./tor. hi- (./t ).- noted 4+t e12lo,er (.iled to get thi- re*+ire1ent 1et
.nd the /ontr./t ).- -igned )itho+t thi- in(or1.tion. he di-2+te .ro-e )hen the /ontr./tor
-+41itted e-/.l.tion /l.i1 d+e /h.nge in 2ri/e- o( the l.4o+r /o12onent .//ording to relev.nt
2rovi-ion. he /ontr./tor in-i-t- the +-e -o+r/e indi/e- i--+ed 4, the lo/.l govern1ent (or
/.l/+l.tion o( .d@+-t1ent )hi/h i- ne.r the 2l./e o( the /on-tr+/tion .nd 4e/.+-e thi- /ondition
i- 1ore 2ro(it.4le to /ontr./tor. he Client in-i-t- th.t he )ill +-e the indi/e- i--+e- 4, .
gevern1ent o((i/e )hi/h .re nor1.ll, +-ed in govern1ent /ontr./t-. # .1 the Ar4itr.tor in one
-+/h /.-e .nd need .dvi/e o( $#"#C )h.t )ill 4e the @+di/io+- /o.r-e o( ./tion in thi- -/en.rio. #
ho)ever (eel th.t entire re-2on-i4ilit, o( not 2roviding thi- in(or1.tion /.nnot 4e 2l./ed on the
Contr./tor .nd the E12lo,er -ho+ld h.ve in-+red th.t Contr./tor 2rovide thi- in(or1.tion
4e(ore -igning o( the /ontr./t. o1i--ion ).- 1.de .nd the /ontr./t ).- -igned )itho+t thi-
in(or1.tion (-o+r/e o( indi/e-). # )ill 4e .n0io+-l, ).iting (or .dvi/e (ro1 ,o+r e02ert )h.t
re.-on.4le /o.r-e o( ./tion -ho+ld 4e .d.2ted in thi- di-2+te re-ol+tion .- the Contr./tor h.-
gone in di-2+te on thi- i--+e.
ANS7ER
#t -ee1- th.t the Contr./tor 1.de . 1i-t.ke 4, not .dding the in(or1.tion to the A22endi0 to
ender. he E12lo,er then .//e2ted the ender .nd the &.rtie- -igned . Contr./t )hi/h
in/l+ded the 1i-t.ke. Un(ort+n.tel, ,o+ -., th.t the, /.nnot .gree on the in(or1.tion )hi/h
-ho+ld 4e .dded to the A22endi0 to ender. o /orre/t the 1i-t.ke re*+ire- . /h.nge to the
-igned Contr./t to .dd thi- in(or1.tion. Corre/ting . 1i-t.ke in . Contr./t i- . leg.l *+e-tion
)hi/h 1+-t 4e -t+died +nder the .22li/.4le l.). $#"#C /.nnot /o11ent on -+/h leg.l
*+e-tion-.

EN:#NEER;S "EC#S#!N
'UES#!N
!+r (ir1 h.- . /ontr./t (or /on-+lting -ervi/e- )ith the :overn1ent o( El S.lv.dor (or the
/on-tr+/tion o( 1.@or tr.n-2ort.tion in(r.-tr+/t+re in the /o+ntr,. he 2ro@e/t i- divided into three
2./k.ge- th.t .re governed 4, $#"#C Condition- o( Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil Engineering
(Red 4ook3 4th Ed. 1987). he /on-tr+/tion o( the (ir-t 2./k.ge o( 2ro@e/t3 )hi/h in/l+ded t)o
4GG>1eter 4ridge- over the 1o-t i12ort.nt river in El S.lv.dor3 ).- /o12leted l.-t A2ril.he
Contr./tor i- . Moint 6ent+re o( (ir1- th.t i- no) /l.i1ing .ddition.l 2.,1ent- 4.-ed on the
/ontr./t do/+1ent-. #n order to h.ve . /le.r inter2ret.tion o( the do/+1ent-3 )e )o+ld like to
/l.ri(, the (ollo)ing= Cl.+-e B7.1 Engineer;- "e/i-ion > )e )o+ld like to /on(ir1 i( +nder thi-
Cl.+-e the Contr./tor /.n /l.i1 (or 1.tter- th.t h.22ened d+ring the /on-tr+/tion 2eriod3 even
.(ter the .ke>!ver Certi(i/.te h.- 4een i--+ed .nd the St.te1ent .t Co12letion h.- 4een
/erti(ied .nd 2.id.
ANS7ER
Reg.rding Cl.+-e B7.1= i( the Contr./tor i- di--.ti-(ied )ith .n Engineer;- ev.l+.tion o( . /l.i1
+nder Cl.+-e DH3 he 1., re(er the 1.tter .t .n, ti1e (4e(ore or .(ter /o12letion) to the
Engineer +nder Cl.+-e B7.1 (or .n 5Engineer;- "e/i-ion5. Ae /.n do thi- .n, ti1e +2 to hi-
$in.l St.te1ent .nd there i- no ti1e li1it. he Engineer then h.- 84 d.,- to re-2ond. he
Contr./tor /.nnot -+41it . 5ne);5 /l.i1 (or nor1.l deter1in.tion +nder thi- /l.+-e. he /l.i1
1+-t (ir-t 4e 2ro/e--ed +nder Cl.+-e DH3 .nd onl, )hen . Cl.+-e DH deter1in.tion h.- 4een
given )hi/h the Contr./tor (ind- to 4e +n.//e2t.4le do )e h.ve . 5di-2+te5 -it+.tion )hi/h /.n
4e h.ndled +nder Cl.+-e B7.1.

CA%CU%A#!N !$ C%A#MS
'UES#!N
# )o+ld like to kno) i( ,o+ /.n hel2 1e (ind in(or1.tion reg.rding the 2ro/ed+re .nd /.l/+l.tion
o( /l.i1- (o( .n, kind) .ri-ing o+t o( . Civil Engineering Con-tr+/tion /ontr./t.
ANS7ER
$#"#C 2+4li-he- g+ide- to e./h o( it- (or1- o( /on-tr+/tion /ontr./t3 )hi/h 1., 2rovide the
g+id.n/e ,o+ re*+ire on the 2ro/ed+re- (or /l.i1-. 9o+ )o+ld need to order the :+ide (or the
+-e o( )h.tever Condition- ,o+ .re +-ing. #( ,o+r en*+ir, rel.te- to !/to4er ?GGG. $#"#C;-
g+ide- do not el.4or.te on the /.l/+l.tion o( /l.i1-3 -o ,o+ 1ight need to /on-+lt other
2+4li/.tion-. &er-on.ll,3 # .1 onl, .).re o( 5B+ilding .nd Civil Engineering Cl.i1- in
&er-2e/tive5 4, :eo((re, Arth+r A+ghe-3 )hi/h ).- (ir-t 2+4li-hed 4, %ong1.n in 198H. #t 1.,
h.ve 4een re2+4li-hed .nd (+l(il ,o+r need-.

N! #N &RE>AAN"!6ER %#S
'UES#!N
# h.ve the (ollo)ing 2ro4le1 .nd # /.n not (ind . -ol+tion in the $#"#C Red Book $o+rth Edition
1887. he 2ro4le1 i- .- (ollo)-= )e h.ve 1.de . /ontr./t )ith . 2re>h.nd over li-t 1.de3 )ith
the Engineer3 in A2ril ?GGG. A ne) /ontr./t3 given to .nother /o12.n, in the -.1e 4+ilding ).-
given in M., ?GGG3 it ).- .n o4lig.tion (or 1e to give the ke,- o( the 4+ilding. A- the Engineer
i- in Ni14.4)e .nd the B+ilding i- in B+r+ndi3 no engineer ).- there (or the h.nd over o( the
in-ide o( the 4+ilding. No)3 the Engineer .-k- +- to re2.ir -o1e thing- )hi/h )ere not on the
2re>h.nd over li-t. C.n ,o+ 2le.-e tell 1e )h.t # h.ve to do.
ANS7ER
$#"#C doe- not +ndert.ke to 2ro((er .dvi/e rel.ting to ever, -it+.tion )hi/h 1., .ri-e +nder .
$#"#C>4.-ed /ontr./t. Ao)ever3 it .22e.r- th.t the .n-)er to ,o+r *+e-tion de2end- +2on
)hether . .king !ver Certi(i/.te h.- 4een i--+ed. #( -o3 the 2re>h.nd over li-t 2re-+1.4l,
.dvi-ed ,o+ o( the )ork de-/ri4ed in S+4>Cl.+-e 49.?(.)3 .nd the Engineer h.- .-ked ,o+ to
re2.ir -o1e thing- .- de-/ri4ed in S+4>Cl.+-e 49.?(4). #( not3 the Engineer 1., 4e 5-2e/i(,ing
.ll the )ork )hi/h ... i- re*+ired to 4e done ... 4e(ore the i--+e o( -+/h Certi(i/.te5 +nder S+4>
Cl.+-e 48.1. #n either /.-e3 ,o+ h.ve not indi/.ted .n, re.-on (or not /o12l,ing )ith the
Engineer;- in-tr+/tion-.

A""##!NA% &A9MENS
'UES#!N
!+r (ir1 h.- . /ontr./t (or /on-+lting -ervi/e- )ith the :overn1ent o( El S.lv.dor (or the
/on-tr+/tion o( 1.@or tr.n-2ort.tion in(r.-tr+/t+re in the /o+ntr,. he 2ro@e/t i- divided into three
2./k.ge- th.t .re governed 4, $#"#C Condition- o( Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil Engineering
(Red 4ook3 4th Ed. 1987). he /on-tr+/tion o( the (ir-t 2./k.ge o( 2ro@e/t3 )hi/h in/l+ded t)o
4GG>1eter 4ridge- over the 1o-t i12ort.nt river in El S.lv.dor3 ).- /o12leted l.-t A2ril.he
Contr./tor i- . Moint 6ent+re o( (ir1- th.t i- no) /l.i1ing .ddition.l 2.,1ent- 4.-ed on the
/ontr./t do/+1ent-. #n order to h.ve . /le.r inter2ret.tion o( the do/+1ent-3 )e )o+ld like to
/l.ri(, the (ollo)ing= Cl.+-e DH.1 Noti/e o( Cl.i1- > it i- i12ort.nt to /on(ir1 i( the Contr./tor
/.n invoke thi- Cl.+-e to /l.i1 (or .ddition.l 2.,1ent o)ing to /on-tr+/tion )ork- th.t )ere
2er(or1ed 4e(ore the .ke>!ver Certi(i/.te3 on/e thi- Certi(i/.te h.- 4een i--+ed. #n other
)ord-3 i( the Contr./tor /.n /l.i1 (or 1.tter- th.t h.22ened d+ring the /on-tr+/tion 2eriod even
.(ter the .ke>!ver Certi(i/.te h.- 4een i--+ed.
ANS7ER
Reg.rding the .22li/.tion o( Cl.+-e DH.1. hi- /l.+-e re*+ire- the Contr./tor to give Noti/e o( .
2otenti.l /l.i1 )ithin ?8 d.,- o( the event o//+rring. hi- e-t.4li-he- hi- right to /l.i1 .nd he
-ho+ld then 2ro/eed to -+4-t.nti.te the /l.i1 .//ording to Cl.+-e DH.H. Ae /.n /l.i1 .t .n,
ti1e > 4e(ore or .(ter .king>over > i( event- o//+r (4e(ore or .(ter t.king>over) )hi/h he
/on-ider- entitle hi1 to /l.i1. he intention o( Cl.+-e DH.1 i- to tr, to 1.ke -+re /l.i1- .re
de.lt )ith .- .nd )hen the, o//+r -o th.t ever,one i- (.1ili.r )ith the /ir/+1-t.n/e- (th+- the
?8 d., 2rovi-ion) > .nd not to le.ve the1 to the end > )hen 2eo2le h.ve 2ro4.4l, (orgotten .ll
the det.il-. #( he did thi- )ithin the ti1e li1it-3 then the /l.i1 -ho+ld 4e ev.l+.ted .//ording to
the Contr./tor;- -+41i--ion-. #( he did not > .- )o+ld .22e.r to 4e the /.-e > .nd h.- /o1e in
)ith . /l.i1 . /on-ider.4le ti1e .(ter the event3 then )e )o+ld -+gge-t th.t ,o+ h.ve t)o
/o+r-e- o( ./tion. $ir-tl, ,o+ -ho+ld 2erh.2- tr, to e-t.4li-h )h, he did not give noti/e )ithin
the ?8 d.,-. Either ,o+ /.n re@e/t hi- /l.i1 on the gro+nd th.t he did not -+41it it )ithin ?8
d.,- .- re*+ired 4, Cl.+-e DH.13 or3 +nder Cl.+-e DH.4 ,o+ /.n 1.ke .n .--e--1ent 4.-ed on
re/ord- )hi/h )ere ke2t .t the ti1e. Nor1.ll, # )o+ld -+gge-t it de2end- on the /ir/+1-t.n/e-.
#( the /l.i1 .22e.r- to 4e (rivolo+- .nd /on(+-ed )ith no -+4-t.nti.tion (2o--i4l, .n event ,o+
kne) nothing .4o+t) ,o+ 1., )ell de/ide to re@e/t it. B+t i( it /on/ern- .n event o( )hi/h ,o+
)ere .).re )hi/h ,o+ kne) h.d di-r+2ted the Contr./tor3 then 1.,4e ,o+ /o+ld /on-ider it
+nder Cl.+-e DH.4.

NE7 RAES $!R REMEASUREMEN
'UES#!N
# h.ve . *+e-tion reg.rding .do2tion o( $#"#C Red Book $o+rth Edition re2rinted 199?. he
2.rti/+l.r Contr./t /ont.in- Cl.+-e D1FD? 56.ri.tion-5 .nd .l-o /ont.in- Cl.+-e DB 57ork- to
4e Me.-+red5 .nd h.- B!'. "e-ign .nd Con-tr+/t Servi/e- (or Ele/tri/.l .nd Me/h.ni/.l )ere
tendered .- di.gr.1.ti/ de-ign- .nd .re to 4e develo2ed to the A22rov.l o( Engineer .- 2.rt o(
o4lig.tion- +nder the Contr./t .nd h.ve v.rio+- B!' ite1-. hi- "e-ign "evelo21ent (or
Me/h.ni/.lFEle/tri/.l -ervi/e- i- hi- o4lig.tion +nder the Contr./t3 .nd in thi- )., )o+ld not
-ee1 to *+.li(, .- . 6.ri.tion to the Contr./t. Ao)ever ne) ite1- to the origin.l B!' h.ve
4een ne/e--it.ted 4, "". Under )hi/h Cl.+-e /.n ne) r.te- 4e e-t.4li-hed (or the re>1e.-+re
o( the-e 7ork-8
ANS7ER
he Condition- o( Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil Engineering Con-tr+/tion (199?) do not /ont.in
e02re-- 2rovi-ion (or ne) r.te- 4eing e-t.4li-hed (or the re>1e.-+re1ent o( non>v.ried
Contr./tor>de-ign )ork-3 )here ne) ite1- to the origin.l Bo' h.ve 4een ne/e--it.ted 4,
"e-ign "evelo21ent. ,2i/.ll,3 Contr./tor>de-ign )ork- .re 2ri/ed on . l+12>-+1 4.-i-3 .nd
.re not -+4@e/t to re>1e.-+re1ent .(ter "e-ign "evelo21ent3 -o -+/h e02re-- 2rovi-ion )o+ld
4e in.22ro2ri.te in the Condition- o( Contr./t )hi/h $#"#C intended to 4e -+it.4le (or E12lo,er>
de-ign )ork-.

ERM#NA#!N BE$!RE C!M&%E#!N
'UES#!N
A.- E12lo,er got .n .+thorit, .//ording to $#"#C to ter1in.te the /ontr./t o( Engineer 4e(ore
/o12letion o( 2ro@e/t .nd .22oint .nother engineering /o12.n, or /ontin+e )ith it- o)n
re-o+r/e-8 # kno) th.t th.t E12lo,er /.nnot do thi- .//ording to Red Book $#"#C Cl.+-e 1.1
"e(inition- 4, re(erring to &.rt ## o( the /ontr./t. 7h.t -ho+ld )e do .- . /ontr./tor .t thi-
-t.ge8
ANS7ER
9o+ .22e.r to +nder-t.nd $#"#C;- 2rovi-ion-3 .- -+11.ri-ed .t the to2 o( 2.ge 41 o( the Red
Book :+ide= 5#t -ho+ld 4e noted th.t ... the e((e/t o( ... O1.1(.)(iv)P i- to 2revent the E12lo,er
(ro1 /h.nging the Engineer )itho+t the /on-ent o( the Contr./tor.5 #n e((e/t3 2rovided the leg.l
2er-on de(ined .- 5Engineer5 /ontin+e- to e0i-t3 -+/h leg.l 2er-on /ontin+e- to 4e the Engineer
(or the 2+r2o-e- o( the Contr./t3 .nd the E12lo,er h.- no 2o)er to n.1e -o1eone el-e .-
Engineer. B, 5/ontin+e- to e0i-t53 )e 1e.n doe- not (.- . n.t+r.l 2er-on) die3 or i- not (.- .
/o12.n,) di--olved. $#"#C /.nnot give -2e/i(i/ .dvi/e in re-2e/t to the ./tion- . 2.rt, -ho+ld
t.ke3 .nd onl, +ndert.ke- to /l.ri(, .-2e/t- o( it- o)n 2rovi-ion-. 9o+ do not -ee1 to need
-+/h /l.ri(i/.tion3 4+t 1., need to o4t.in .dvi/e (ro1 . l.),er )ith e02ert kno)ledge o(
/on-tr+/tion l.).
here i- .l).,- . 2o--i4ilit, th.t -o1e .-2e/t o( the -it+.tion ()hi/h ,o+ h.ve not 1entioned)
)o+ld entitle the E12lo,er to re2l./e the Engineer +nder the l.) governing the Contr./t. $or
$#"#C3 it -ee1- th.t ,o+ -ho+ld (ir-t de/ide )hether the re2l./e1ent 5Engineer5 i- .//e2t.4le
.- -+/h 4e/.+-e3 i( not3 ,o+ /o+ld in(or1 the E12lo,er .//ordingl, .nd -eek to re-olve the
1.tter 4e(ore it e-/.l.te- into . 1.@or di-2+te.

EM&%!9ER RE&%ACES AE C!NRAC!R
'UES#!N
Reg.rding the /orre/t .22li/.tion o( the Red Book Contr./t3 the E12lo,er in /o12li.n/e )ith
-+4>/l.+-e BH.13 .(ter giving )ritten noti/e to the Contr./tor +2on hi- /ontr.vention o( 2rovi-ion
in -+4>/l.+-e 4.13 enetered +2on the -ite .nd the )ork-3 .nd ter1in.ted the e12lo,1ent o( the
Contr./tor. he E12lo,er ).nt- to e12lo, .nother Contr./tor3 )hi/h took -e/ond 2l./e in the
initi.l3 2+4li/ tender3 to /o12lete the )ork-. he (+rther 2ro/ed+re )ill 4e in /o12li.n/e )ith
-+4>/l.+-e- BH.?3 BH.H3 BH.4 .nd B4.1.he *+e-tion- i-= i- thi- 2ro/ed+re in /o12li.n/e )ith the
:ener.l Condition- o( the Red Book 4th Edition8
ANS7ER
7e re(er to ,o+r *+er, )hether . 2ro2o-ed 2ro/ed+re /o12lie- )ith the (o+rth edition o( the
:ener.l Condition- o( Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil Engineering Con-tr+/tion.

$#"#C /.nnot +ndert.ke to 2rovide .dvi/e on ./t+.l /ir/+1-t.n/e-3 .nd i- onl, 2re2.red to
/l.ri(, .nd e02l.in the 1e.ning .nd 2+r2o-e o( the 2rovi-ion- it 2+4li-he- in it- Condition- o(
Contr./t. #n the /.-e o( -erio+- 1.tter- -+/h .- ter1in.tion3 leg.l .dvi/e -ho+ld 4e -o+ght.

Ao)ever3 )e )o+ld 1.ke the (ollo)ing o4-erv.tion-3 )itho+t /on/l+ding )hether the E12lo,er
i- entitled to 2ro/eed .- ,o+ h.ve de-/ri4ed. $or the-e 2+r2o-e-3 )e -t.rt 4, .--+1ing th.t the
E12lo,er;- ter1in.tion ).- v.lid 4, re.-on o( the Contr./tor;- 4re./h o( -+4>/l.+-e 4.1. S+/h
v.lidit, 1.,3 o( /o+r-e3 4e /h.llenged 4, the Contr./tor.

$ollo)ing . v.lid ter1in.tion3 the E12lo,er;- o2tion- on e12lo,ing .nother /ontr./tor )o+ld not
.22e.r to 4e /on-tr.ined 4, the :ener.l Condition-3 other th.n +nder Cl.+-e BH ()ith )hi/h
,o+ -t.te the (+rther 2ro/ed+re )ill /o12l,)3 .ltho+gh the, 1., 4e /on-tr.ined 4, the .22li/.4le
l.). 9o+ 1ention /o12li.n/e )ith -+4>/l.+-e BH.43 )hi/h rel.te- to .--ign1ent o(
-+4/ontr./t-. A22li/.4le l.) 1., /on-tr.in the E12lo,er;- right- in re-2e/t o( -+4/ontr./t-
)hi/h )ere .--o/i.ted )ith the Contr./tor;- 4re./h o( -+4>/l.+-e 4.1.

9o+ 1ention /o12li.n/e )ith -+4>/l.+-e B4.13 )hi/h rel.te- to +rgent re1edi.l )ork )hi/h the
Contr./tor i- +n)illing or +n.4le to do3 2rior to ter1in.tion. A(ter ter1in.tion3 hi- 2revio+-
+n)illingne-- or in.4ilit, )o+ld not -ee1 to entitle the E12lo,er to invoke -+4>/l.+-e B4.1. A-
reg.rd- e12lo,ing . /ontr./tor )hi/h took 5-e/ond 2l./e ... in the initi.l 2+4li/ tender53 thi- i-
not . 1.tter to 4e de/ided 4, the :ener.l Condition- o( the Contr./t +nder )hi/h the
ter1in.tion ).- e((e/ted. he /hoi/e o( re2l./e1ent /ontr./tor i- . 1.tter to 4e de/ided 4, the
l.) relev.nt to the 2ro/+re1ent 2ro/ed+re- .nd .n, /on-tr.int- i12o-ed 4, tho-e 2roviding
(+nd- (or the 2ro@e/t.

"E%A9E" &A9MEN
'UES#!N
# .1 .n Ar/hite/t regi-tered )ith the R#BA in the UK -in/e 1978 .nd the UAE A+thoritie- in A4+
"h.4i3 UAE -in/e 1981.

# h.ve re/entl, 4een Engineer +nder . $#"#C Red Book 4th Edition B+ilding Contr./t 4et)een .
UAE :overn1ent Agen/, .nd . lo/.l Contr./tor3 .nd E12lo,er;- Re2re-ent.tiveFAdvi-er +nder
. $#"#C "e-ign .nd B+ild Contr./t3 -.1e E12lo,er 4+t di((erent Contr./tor.

Cl.+-e- o( &.rti/+l.r A22li/.tion h.ve 4een 2re2.red 4, . third 2.rt, .dvi-ing the E12lo,er
dire/t in 4oth /.-e-3 4+t l.rgel, ignored3 the E12lo,er 2.,ing l.te thro+gho+t3 not 2.,ing the
(in.l #nteri1 Certi(i/.te- on .king !ver the 7ork- in either /.-e3 thre.tening the i12o-ition o(
&en.ltie- 4, ignoring .ndFor re@e/ting the /.-e- (or E0ten-ion- o( i1e in 4oth /.-e-3 .nd not
2.,ing .t .ll +ntil (or/ed .gree1ent to red+/ed .1o+nt- h.- 4een .//e2ted 4, the Contr./tor-
thro+gh 4.rter.

A- ,o+ 1., kno)3 there i- ver, li1ited re/o+r-e to the l.) here3 e-2e/i.ll, (or (oreigner-. Both
Contr./tor- .re likel, to )eigh the /o-t- o( Co+rt- .nd (+rther "el., .g.in-t the 4ene(it o( .n,
2.,1ent .t .ll; one h.- .lre.d, given in3 4+t the other i- -till (ighting3 or 2erh.2- 1ore
re.li-ti/.ll,3 negoti.ting.

7h.t -ho+ld # do3 2le.-e= indeed3 i- there .n,thing th.t /.n 4e done 8 hi- i- the )or-t /.-e o(
.4+-e o( Contr./t # h.ve /o1e ./ro-- in 1ore th.n ?G ,e.r- here3 tho+gh the .1o+nt- .re
rel.tivel, -1.ll.
ANS7ER
7hil-t )e /.n -,12.thi-e )ith the -it+.tion de-/ri4ed in the *+e-tion3 there i- not . lot $#"#C
/.n re/o11end or th.t he /.n do .- Engineer in thi- /.-e.

he -it+.tion de-/ri4ed i-3 +n(ort+n.tel,3 not .ll th.t +n/o11on in -o1e Middle E.-t /o+ntrie-
.nd the +lti1.te de/i-ion o( )h.t to do lie- )ith the Contr./tor. #( he (eel- the -it+.tion ).rr.nt-
e0tre1e 1e.-+re-3 then he /.n ter1in.te +nder Cl.+-e B9.1 (+nle-- o( /o+r-e B9.1 h.- 4een
/h.nged > .- it ver, o(ten i- in the-e /o+ntrie-). !ther)i-e there i- not . lot ,o+ /.n do.

Being (.ir .nd i12.rti.l the Engineer /o+ld (.nd 2erh.2- -ho+ld) )rite to the E12lo,er
re1inding hi1 o( the ter1- o( the Contr./t > 4+t he )ill 2ro4.4l, 4ring do)n the )r.th o( the
E12lo,er on hi- -ho+lder-3 .nd th.t 1., not hel2 .n,4od,.

9o+ -ho+ld 2erh.2- .l-o 4e.r in 1ind th.t Contr./tor- )ho /hoo-e to )ork in the-e /o+ntrie-
.re +-+.ll, (or -ho+ld 4e) r.ther (.1ili.r )ith thi- -it+.tion .nd 1., )ell h.ve .llo)ed
-o1ething in their 2ri/e to /over thi- -ort o( thing > e-2e/i.ll,3 .- the 2er-on .-king the *+e-tion
-.,-3 the .1o+nt i- not ver, l.rge.

E<&#R9 !$ "E$ECS %#AB#%#9 &ER#!"
'UES#!N
$or the Red Book3 /.n the Engineer i--+e in-tr+/tion- +nder Cl.+-e 1H.1 .(ter the e02ir, o( the
"e(e/t- %i.4ilit, &eriod 8
ANS7ER
A(ter the "e(e/t- %i.4ilit, &eriod e02ire-3 the Engineer 1., i--+e in-tr+/tion- +nder Cl.+-e 493
.nd /.nnot rel, +2on Cl.+-e 1H .- .+thorit, to i--+e other in-tr+/tion-.

&ER$!RMANCE SECUR#9
'UES#!N
&le.-e in(or1 +- .4o+t the v.lidit, o( the 2er(or1.n/e -e/+rit, i( the d+r.tion o( the /ontr./t i-
9G d.,-.
ANS7ER
he-e 2rin/i2le- )o+ld 2ro4.4l, .22l, )hi/hever $#"#C do/+1ent i- 4eing +-ed.

&R#!R#9 !$ EN"ER "!CUMENS
'UES#!N
he *+e-tion re(er- to $#"#C Condition- o( Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil Engineering Con-tr+/tion
(4th Edition 19873 re2rinted 1988 )ith editori.l .1end1ent-3 re2rinted 199? )ith (+rther
.1end1ent-). # .1 .n e12lo,er )ho i- negoti.ting )ith the /ontr./tor no). # h.ve . tro+4le in
+-ing the $#"#C /ondition-3 .nd .-k (or ,o+r hel2 +rgentl,. S+4>Cl.+-e 1.1 (4)(v) 5ender5
1e.n- the Contr./tor;- 2ri/ed o((er to the E12lo,er (or the e0e/+tion .nd /o12letion o( the
7ork- .nd the re1ed,ing o( .n, de(e/t- therein in .//ord.n/e )ith the 2rovi-ion o( the
Contr./t3 .- .//e2ted 4, the %etter o( A//e2t.n/e.5 And S+4>Cl.+-e D.? -2e/i(ie- the 2riorit, o(
the /ontr./t do/+1ent3 o( )hi/h the ender i- li-ted .- third. Are tho-e t)o 5ender5 h.ve the
-.1e 1e.ning8 C.n )e e02l.in th.t the ender onl, re(er to the do/+1ent entitled letter o(
tender (1.,4e 1 or ? 2.ge-3 ver, -hort .nd -i12le .n,).,)3 or .ll the do/+1ent- -+41itted 4,
the Contr./tor .long )ith the letter o( tender .- re-2on-e +2on the Bidding "o/+1ent (. lot o(
do/+1ent-3 -+/h .- .22endi0 to tender3 2ri/ed B!'3 te/hni/.l 2ro2o-.l3 eviden/e (or
/on-tr+/tion e02erien/e .nd (in.n/i.l /.2./it,)8
ANS7ER
he ender .t S+4>Cl.+-e- 1.1(4)(v) .nd D.?(H) 1e.n- the (or1 o( ender )hi/h i- given .t the
end o( &.rt 1 o( the Red Book. he (or1 o( ender3 .t 2.r.gr.2h ?3 /on(ir1- th.t the A22endi0
to ender (or1- 2.rt o( the ender .nd S+4>Cl.+-e 1.1(4)(iv) /on(ir1- th.t the 2ri/ed 4ill o(
*+.ntitie- (or1- 2.rt o( the ender. #( the E12lo,er re*+ire- other do/+1ent- to 4e in/l+ded in
the Contr./t .- 2.rt o( the ender then he 1+-t -t.te thi- /le.rl, in the #n-tr+/tion- to
enderer- .nd in the (or1 o( ender.

!BA#N#N: C!NRAC "AA
'UES#!N
S+4>Cl.+-e 11.1 tell +- th.t the hired /ontr./ting 2.rt, i- re-2on-i4le (or the d.t. /ont.ined in
hi- 2ro2o-.l 4.-ed on the d.t. -+22lied 4, the Contr./tor. Co+ld ,o+ 2le.-e tell 1e ho) # /.n
o4t.in the d.t.8
ANS7ER
he Contr./tor 1+-t h.ve 4.-ed hi- tender on in(or1.tion= 1) )hi/h ).- 2rovided to .ll
tenderer- 4, the E12lo,er (ro1 the inve-tig.tion- )hi/h h.d 4een /.rried o+t 4, the E12lo,er;
?) )hi/h the Contr./tor o4t.ined (ro1 hi- o)n in-2e/tion .nd e0.1in.tion o( the Site .nd it-
-+rro+nding-. 7here the Contr./tor o4t.ined thi- in(or1.tion )ill de2end on the /ir/+1-t.n/e-
4+t he 1+-t h.ve -.ti-(ied hi1-el( th.t hi- tender ).- /orre/t .nd -+((i/ient to 1eet hi-
o4lig.tion- +nder the Contr./t.

#NER#M CER#$#CAES
'UES#!N
S+4>Cl.+-e BG.4 -ti2+l.te- th.t the Engineer 1., /orre/t .n, error in .n interi1 /erti(i/.te in
-+4-e*+ent /erti(i/.te-. Are there .n, li1it.tion- in the .22li/.tion o( thi- 2rovi-ion8
ANS7ER
9o+ .re re(erring to S+4>Cl.+-e BG.4 o( the 1987 Contr./t (or Civil Engineering 7ork-. here i-
. -i1il.r 2rovi-ion .t S+4>Cl.+-e 14.B o( the 1999 Contr./t-. he Contr./t doe- not 2+t .n,
li1it.tion on thi- 2rovi-ion. Ao)ever3 +nder S+4>Cl.+-e BG.? the Engineer h.- 2revio+-l,
/erti(ied the .1o+nt )hi/h he /on-idered to 4e d+e .nd 2.,.4le. #( he h.- no) (o+nd .n error
.nd /h.nged hi- 1ind he -ho+ld e02l.in the re.-on- (or the /h.nge.

RE$#<#N: !$ RAE
'UES#!N
# .1 intere-ted in .22li/.tion o( Cl.+-e D?.? (&o)er o( the Engineer to (i0 R.te). #(
/ir/+1-t.n/e- .llo) . re(i0ing o( r.te3 )o+ld it .22l, to the v.ried *+.ntit,(in/re.-edFde/re.-ed)
or to the entire *+.ntit,3 i.e.3 *+.ntitie- in the 4id 2l+- in/re.-eFde/re.-e8
ANS7ER
9o+ .re re(erring to the 4th Edition 1987 o( the Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil Engineering3 S+4>
Cl.+-e D1.1 (.) .llo)- the Engineer to i--+e .n in-tr+/tion to in/re.-e or de/re.-e the *+.ntit,
o( .n, )ork in/l+ded in the Contr./t. he r.te )hi/h the Engineer .gree- or (i0e- +nder S+4>
Cl.+-e D?.? )o+ld onl, .22l, to the v.ried *+.ntit, (in/re.-ed or de/re.-ed). he origin.l
*+.ntit, i- not 2.rt o( the 6.ri.tion .nd )o+ld 4e 2.id .t the origin.l r.te.

REC!6ER9 !$ C!SS
'UES#!N
7orking )ith 19873 4th Edition3 re2rinted in 199? $#"#C (or1 o( /ontr./t on . 2ro@e/t )here
Cl.+-e 7G3 )hi-t 4eing 1odi(ied doe- 2er1it the re/over, o( /h.nge- in the 2ri/e- o( l.4o+r .nd
1.teri.l-. Are there .n, leg.l 2re/ident- )hi/h re(le/t the 2rovi-ion re(le/ted in the 1999 (or1 o(
/ontr./t to .llo) the re/over, o( /o-t-3 2o-t the -t.ted /ontr./t /o12letion )here the /ontr./tor
h.- (.iled to /o12lete the )ork- in the -2e/i(ied ti1e8 !r .re there .n, 2re/ident- to re(le/t the
re/over, o( /o-t- 2er -e/3 2o-t the /ontr./t /o12letion d.te8 #( there .re .n, 2re/ident-3 i( there
.re in ele/troni/3 (or1.t3 /o+ld ,o+ (or).rd the1 or3 .dvi-e )here the, /o+ld 4e o4t.ined.
ANS7ER
$#"#C i- +n.4le to 2rovide leg.l g+id.n/e or in(or1.tion on leg.l 2re/edent-. Ao)ever3 to 4e
hel2(+l3 the (eder.tion h.- .-ked .n e02ert to /o11ent -o th.t ,o+r (+t+re re-e.r/h /.n g+ided
in the .22rori.te dire/tion. 9o+ .re /orre/t th.t the 1987 4th Edition doe- not in/l+de -2e/i(i/
2rovi-ion (or the re/over, o( 2ri/e /h.nge- .(ter the /ontr./t /o12letion d.te )hen the
Contr./tor h.- (.iled to /o12lete the )ork in the -2e/i(ied ti1e. Altern.tive /l.+-e- /.n 4e
(o+nd in the $#"#C :+ide to the 4th Edition .nd in the 1999 Contr./t-. he 2ro4le1 )ith leg.l
2re/edent- i- th.t no t)o di-2+te -it+.tion- .re ever e0./tl, the -.1e .nd -o need leg.l .dvi/e.
:+id.n/e .nd -+11.rie- o( -o1e .r4itr.tion .).rd- /.n 4e (o+nd in the intern.tion.l leg.l
@o+rn.l-3 ne)-letter- (ro1 l.) (ir1- .nd the 2+4li/.tion- o( the intern.tion.l .r4itr.tion /entre-
-+/h .- the #CC &.ri-3 the %ondon Co+rt o( #ntern.tion.l Ar4itr.tion .nd other /entre- in
di((erent 2.rt- o( the )orld.

EN:#NEER;S #NSRUC#!NS
'UES#!N
A $#"#C -t.nd.rd Contr./t (or /ivil engineering (Red Book 4th Edition 1987) i- 4.-i- o( .
Contr./t (or . 7h.r( .nd A22ro./h Bridge Con-tr+/tion .nd C.+-e)., Re/l.1.tion 2ro@e/t
(he Contr./). he Contr./t i- . %+12-+1 Agree1ent .nd the B!' re(er- .- (ollo)-= All )ork-
in thi- -e/tion e0/e2t &rovi-ion.l '+.ntitie- )ill 4e 2.id (or .- %+12S+1-. '+.ntitie- .re
e-ti1.te- onl,. #( the Contr./tor )i-he-3 .ddition.l ite1- 1., 4e .dded to the Bill or *+.ntitie-
.1ended. R.te- no1in.ted )ill 4e +-ed onl, to .--e-- v.ri.tion- (i( .n,) to the Contr./t .nd to
.--e-- 2rogre-- /l.i1- .nd 2.,1ent-. &rovi-ion.l '+.ntitie- .nd #te1- )ill 4e 2.id (or .-
de-/ri4ed in the Condition- o( Contr./t. !ne o( the Bo' ite1 ).- 2ert.ining to Cr.ne R.il- to
4e 2rovided 4, the Contr./tor. %.ter the Co12.n, org.niCed the R.il- on their o)n .nd the
Contr./tor i- not re*+ired to 2rovide the Cr.ne R.il- .- 2er the Bo'. #n vie) o( thi- the Cr.ne
R.il rel.ted A1o+nt .- -t.ted in the Bo' i- 2ro2o-ed to 4e ded+/ted o+t o( the Bo'. &le.-e
/on(ir1 th.t thi- i- 2ro2er .22ro./h +nder Arti/le D1 .nd D? or .n, other /ondition- o( $#"#C
-t.nd.rd /ontr./t.
ANS7ER
Under . $#"#C Contr./t3 .n, /h.nge to .dd or o1it )ork 1+-t 4e 1.de 4, .n in-tr+/tion (ro1
the Engineer +nder the .22ro2ri.te -+4>/l.+-e. 9o+ 1ention S+4>Cl.+-e- D1 .nd D?3 )hi/h .re
(ro1 the 1987 4th Edition o( the Contr./t (or Civil Engineering 7ork-. S+4>Cl.+-e D1.13 ite1 (4)
.llo)- the Engineer to i--+e in-tr+/tion- to o1it )ork3 4+t thi- i- *+.li(ied 4, the -t.te1ent in
4r./ket- 5(4+t not i( the o1itted )ork i- to 4e /.rried o+t 4, the E12lo,er or 4, .nother
/ontr./tor)5. 9o+r 2ro2o-.l (or the /r.ne r.il- )o+ld .22e.r to /ontr.vene thi- re*+ire1ent.
Aen/e the /h.nge .nd 2ri/e .d@+-t1ent 1., need to 4e negoti.ted 4et)een the &.rtie- .nd
)o+ld 2ro4.4l, involve leg.l .dvi/e.

6AR#A#!NS E<CEE"#N: 1D &ERCEN !$ AE E$$EC#6E C!NRAC SUM (C%AUSE
D?.H)
'UES#!N
7e .re in the 2ro/e-- o( 2re2.ring . /l.i1 +nder Cl.+-e D?.H o( the $#"#C Condition- o(
Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil Engineering Con-tr+/tion .nd .re -eeking /l.ri(i/.tion on the
.22li/.tion o( the /l.+-e e-2e/i.ll, .- reg.rd- to )hi/h .1o+nt do )e .22l, the 2er/ent.ge
)hi/h i- in e0/e-- o( the 1DE. "o )e .22l, it to= > he e((e/tive /ontr./t -+1; or3 > he
di((eren/e 4et)een the .1o+nt- /.l/+l.ted +-ing the ./t+.l 2er/ent.ge 4, )hi/h the e((e/tive
/ontr./t -+1 -h.ll h.ve 4een e0/eed 4, .nd the 1DE. &le.-e note th.t #n thi- 2.rti/+l.r
/ontr./t3 the 1.@orit, o( &reli1in.r, .nd :ener.l #te1- )ere -t.ted .- 2rovi-ion.l -+1- (.-
-t.ted in the Bill o( '+.ntitie- 4, the Engineer) it i- not e.-, (or +- to .//+r.tel, deter1ine the
/ontr./tor;- on>/o-t-. 7e h.ve -in/e ./*+ired . /o2, o( the 5:+ide to the U-e o( $idli/
Condition- o( Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil Engineering Con-tr+/tion5 .nd the e02l.n.tion given
doe- not .de*+.tel, /over +-3 re(er 2.ge 117 o( the g+ide. &le.-e .dvi-e +- on ho) thi- /l.+-e
i- to 4e .22lied.
ANS7ER
he 2re/i-e 2ro4le1 i- not /le.r .nd )e /.n onl, /o11ent in gener.l ter1- on the
inter2ret.tion o( S+4>Cl.+-e D?.H. he S+4>Cl.+-e .llo)- the Contr./tor .nd Engineer to
di-/+-- .nd .gree . l+12 -+1 .ddition or ded+/tion to the Contr./t &ri/e )hen the
.ddition-Fded+/tion- .- de-/ri4ed .t (.) .nd (4) .re 1ore th.n 1DE o( the 5E((e/tive Contr./t
&ri/e5. #t )ill 4e +2 to the Contr./tor to 2rove the /h.nge- to hi- Site .nd gener.l overhe.d
/o-t-. he det.il- .nd /.l/+l.tion o( the l+12 -+1 )ill de2end.nt on the re.-on- (or the
in/re.-e or de/re.-e to the Contr./t &ri/e.

UN# RAES
'UES#!N
1. he (ollo)ing .ddition h.- 4een 1.de in Cl.+-e D?.? ($#"#C 19873 Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil
Engineering) in o+r /ontr./t 4, the E12lo,er= 5..&rovided (+rther th.t no /h.nge in the Unit
R.te- or 2ri/e- *+oted -h.ll 4e /on-idered (or .n, ite1 in the S/hed+le- to the Bill o(
'+.ntitie-3 +nle-- -+/h ite1 individ+.ll, .//o+nt- (or .n .1o+nt o( 1ore th.n ? 2er/ent o( the
-+1 n.1ed in the %etter o( A//e2t.n/e3 .nd the origin.l 4illed *+.ntit, 4, 1ore th.n HG
2er/ent. Not )ith-t.nding .4ove3 (or v.ri.tion e0/eeding 1GE in *+.ntit, o( .n, ite1 o( B!'
)ith re-2e/t to origin.l B!' *+.ntitie-3 the (ollo)ing -h.ll .22l, to the +nit r.te o( th.t ite1= .)
$or r.te- *+oted 4elo) CSR ?GGG r.te-3 no /h.nge in *+oted +nit r.te -h.ll 4e .llo)ed. 4) $or
r.te- *+oted .4ove CSR ?GGG r.te-3 the *+.ntit, e0/eeding 1GE (ro1 origin.l B!' *+.ntit, o(
the ite1- -h.ll 4e 2.id to the /ontr./tor .- 2er NAA CSR ?GGG r.te- .22li/.4le in the relev.nt
di-tri/t. &rovided (+rther th.t (or non B!' ite1- .22e.ring in NAAQ- CSR ?GGG3 CSR ?GGG r.te-
-h.ll .22l, )here.- the r.te- o( non CSR R non B!' ite1- -h.ll 4e deter1ined 4, the
Engineer .- -ti2+l.ted in :ener.l Condition- o( Contr./t.5 ?. he Sit+.tion B!' #te1
No.1G84(i) $or1.tion o( e14.nk1ent (ro1 ro.d)., e0/.v.tion in Ro/k 1.teri.l (A.rd Ro/k)
.nd B!' #te1 No. 1GBd(i) E0/.v.te S+r2l+- Ro/k 1.teri.l (A.rd Ro/k) h.- in/re.-ed +2 to
4DH E .nd 77.8 E re-2e/tivel, (ro1 the !rigin.l Billed '+.ntit, .nd the-e #te1- .re individ+.ll,
.//o+nting (or 1ore th.n ?.DDE .nd 4.99 E re-2e/tivel, o( the -+1 n.1ed in the %etter o(
A//e2t.n/e. here(ore3 )e de-ire to re*+e-t the E12lo,erFhe Engineer th.t the Unit R.te- (or
the -.id ite1- .- *+oted in the B!' (or the entire *+.ntit, 4e /h.nged .nd till the ti1e ne)
r.te- .re (i0ed3 the 2rovi-ion.l r.te- or 2ri/e- 4e deter1ined in .//ord.n/e )ith CSR>?GGD )ith
?DE &re1i+1 to en.4le on>.//o+nt 2.,1ent. H.'+e-tion- .) 7ill the revi-ion o( r.te- 4e 4.-ed
on /o12o-ite -/hed+le o( r.te- S ?GGD (CSR> ?GGD) )ith ?DE 2re1i+1 .- re*+e-ted 4, +-8 4)
Are T-+4> 2.r.gr.2h- . .nd 4 o( the .ddition 1.de in the -.id /l.+-eU (re(er to 2.r. 1 .4ove )
.22li/.4le to +- .- )e /on-ider th.t the -.id -+4 2.r.gr.2h- .re not relev.nt to +- 4e/.+-e o+r
v.ri.tion i- over HGE. /) 7ill Revi-ed R.te- 4e .22li/.4le to the entire *+.ntit, or onl, on v.ried
*+.ntit,8 d) 7ith -o 1+/h v.ri.tion3 i- it .lright to .-k (or deter1in.tion o( &rovi-ion.l r.te-8
ANS7ER
A- . gener.l 2rin/i2le3 $#"#C e02re--l, 2rohi4it- +-er- o( it- /ontr./t- to .dd .nd .d@+-t
Cl.+-e- in the :ener.l Condition-. An, .d@+-t1ent- .nd /h.nge- -ho+ld 4e 1.de in the
&.rti/+l.r Condition-. Ao)ever3 -in/e ,o+r !rg.niC.tion 1., not 4e re-2on-i4le (or 1i-+-e .nd
4re./h o( /o2,right )e -h.ll .tte12t to hel2 ,o+. B+t here .g.in3 $#"#C i- .4le to o((er .dvi/e on
inter2re.tion o( /l.+-e-3 4+t o( /o+r-e onl, on the /l.+-e o( the /ontr./t- :ener.l Condition-3
not on -o1eone el-e;- /l.+-e-. hi- -.id3 on/e .g.in3 )e -h.ll tr, to 4e hel2(+l on the
+nder-t.nding th.t in (+t+re ,o+ tr, to i12re-- on /lient- th.t the, -ho+ld +-e the :C- /orre/tl,3
.nd not ri-k leg.l ./tion .nd /ontr./t inv.lidit, o)ing to 4re./h o( /o2,right. he /h.nge- to the
:C 1e.n th.t the inter2ret.tion o( the $#"#C S+4>/l.+-e D?.? 1., not 4e relev.nt to the
.1ended /ontr./t. Ao)ever the (ollo)ing 1., 4e hel2(+l. .) #12o--i4le to .n-)er 4e/.+-e o(
the /h.nge- to the :C. 4) #12o--i4le to .n-)er 4e/.+-e o( the /h.nge- to the :C. /) Revi-ed
r.te- .re nor1.ll, onl, .22li/.4le to the .ddition.l *+.ntit, 4+t thi- de2end- on the
/ir/+1-t.n/e- .nd the 1.ke +2 o( the revi-ed r.te-. #n deter1ining revi-ed r.te- the Engineer
-ho+ld t.ke .ll (./tor- into /on-ider.tion. d) he Contr./tor i- entitled to 4e 2.id (or )ork done
in .//ord.n/e )ith S+4>Cl.+-e BG.?. #( the revi-ed r.te- /.nnot 4e .greed in ti1e (or the ne0t
#nteri1 &.,1ent Certi(i/.te then the Engineer -ho+ld deter1ine 2rovi-ion.l r.te- .- the l.-t
-enten/e o( the (ir-t 2.r.gr.2h o( S+4>Cl.+-e D?.?. #( the (in.l r.te i- di((erent to thi- 2rovi-ion.l
r.te then #nteri1 &.,1ent Certi(i/.te- /.n 4e /orre/ted .- S+4>Cl.+-e BG.4.

A""##!NA% SUM $!R RE&%ACEMEN C!S
'UES#!N
7e .re re*+e-ting . /l.ri(i/.tion o( the intention o( Cl.+-e ?1.1 (4) #n-+r.n/e o( 7ork- .nd
Contr./tor;- E*+i21ent o( the $#"#C Civil Engineering Con-tr+/tion 1987 (4th Edition) &.rt1.
here .22e.r- to 4e . 1i0ed #n-+r.n/e 1.rket vie) .- to )hether the .ddition.l -+1 o( 51DE
o( -+/h re2l./e1ent /o-t5 (or &ro(e--ion.l $ee-3 "e1olition .nd Re1ov.l o( "e4ri- .22lie- to=
(1) e./h o( the-e /o-t- individ+.ll,3 or (?) .- . /o14ined .1o+nt3 .nd (H) )hether thi- .1o+nt
-ho+ld 4e .22lied .- . 2er/ent.ge o( lo-- or . 2er/ent.ge o( the -+1 in-+red (/ontr./t v.l+e).
!+r Contr./tor- .re keen to h.ve /l.ri(i/.tion.
ANS7ER
he )ording o( S+4>Cl.+-e ?1.1 (4) -ho+ld 4e /le.r. he in-+r.n/e -h.ll /over the (+ll
re2l./e1ent /o-t .- (.)3 2l+- .n .ddition.l 1DE o( th.t (ig+re. hi- .ddition.l 1DE i- to /over
.n, .ddition.l .nd in/ident.l /o-t-3 #NC%U"#N: 2ro(e--ion.l (ee- et/. hi- (ig+re 1., 4e
/h.nged in the &.rti/+l.r Condition- .nd ,o+ -ho+ld .l-o re(er to the $#"#C :+ide to the 4th
Edition3 .t 2.ge 7?.

E<CESS 'UAN##ES !$ 7!RK (SUB>C%AUSE D?.H)
'UES#!N
# .1 5he Engineer5 o( &ro@e/t .nd h.ve re/o11ended re>r.ting o( /ert.in ite1- o( )ork +nder
the 2rovi-ion- o( Cl.+-e- D?.? o( the Contr./t. # h.ve ho)ever (.iled to +nder-t.nd (ro1 the
given 2rovi-ion i- th.t= .) he Engineer -h.ll ev.l+.te .t the ti1e o( .king !ver3 i( the Contr./t
Co-t h.- in/re.-ed or de/re.-ed (V) 1DE o( the origin.l /o-t o( /ontr./t3 .- . re-+lt o(= i) .ll
)ork e0e/+ted R 1e.-+red i- in e0/e-- o( B!' *+.litie-. 4) hen the Engineer -h.ll deter1ine
-+/h (+rther 5S+15 th.t 1., 4e .dded or ded+/ted (ro1 the /ontr./t 2ri/e3 t.king into reg.rd
the Contr./tor;- -ite .nd gener.l overhe.d /o-t- o( the Contr./t 4.-ed +2on onl, the .1o+nt
4, )hi/h -+/h .ddition-Fded+/tion- )ill 4e in e0/e-- o( 1DE o( the E((e/tive Contr./t 2ri/e. #n
1, o2inion the E0/e-- *+.ntitie- o( )ork h.ve 4een t.ken /.re o( 4, re>r.ting +nder Cl.+-e
D?.? .nd no (+rther S+1 1., 4e .dded to the Contr./t. "oe- the Cl.+-e D?.H intend to .22l,
the re>r.ting on *+.ntitie- th.t .re 1ore th.n 1DEo( the B!' *+.ntitie- th+- re>r.ted. # *+ote
.n e0.12le= let +- .--+1e the /o-t o( Contr./t .- US" 1GGGGG. A B!' ite1 /o-ting US"
?GGGG i- in/re.-ed to v.l+e US" DGGGG .t /ontr./t r.te-. Aen/e re>r.ting +nder Cl.+-e D?.?
4e/o1e- .22li/.4le. !n re>r.ting the v.l+e o( (origin.l J in/re.-ed) *t, o( )ork 4e/o1e- US"
DDGGG. No) the tot.l v.l+e o( /ontr./t3 i.e.3 US" DDGGG. he v.l+e o( )ork 4e,ond 1DE o(
/ontr./t 2ri/e i- W 4G3GGG. #- the Contr./tor entitled to .ddition.l 2re1i+1 +nder Cl.+-e D?.H (or
E0e/+ting )ork 4e,ond 1DE o( Contr./t 2ri/e. #- thi- )h.t i- 1e.nt 4, the 2rovi-ion o( the
Cl.+-e D?.H8
ANS7ER
Cl.+-e D?.? re(er- to the re>r.ting o( .n individ+.l v.ri.tion. Cl.+-e D?.H re(er- to the -it+.tion
)hen the tot.l e((e/t o( .ll v.ri.tion-3 2l+- the re1e.-+re1ent o( the .22ro0i1.te *+.ntitie- in
the Bo' re-+lt- in .n in/re.-e or de/re.-e o( 1ore th.n 1DE. #t i- 2o--i4le th.t e./h individ+.l
v.ri.tion did not h.ve . -igni(i/.nt e((e/t on the Contr./tor;- overhe.d- 4+t the tot.l e((e/t o( .ll
v.ri.tion- .nd the re1e.-+re1ent ).- -igni(i/.nt. #t i- ne/e--.r, to /on-ider the ./t+.l e((e/t o(
the .ddition.l *+.ntitie- on the Contr./tor;- overhe.d-. $or e0.12le3 2.rt o( the .llo).n/e (or
overhe.d- 1., 4e . (i0ed3 or l+12 -+13 (ig+re )hi/h i- not rel.ted to the *+.ntit, o( )ork )hi/h
h.- 4een /.rried o+t. A -+4-t.nti.l in/re.-e in the tot.l *+.ntit, o( )ork 1., not in/re.-e thi-
2.rt o( the overhe.d-. Aen/e3 the overhe.d- 2er +nit *+.ntit, )o+ld de/re.-e. he .llo).n/e
(or overhe.d- in the r.te- )o+ld need to 4e re/on-idered. An, re>r.ting +nder Cl.+-e D?.?
)o+ld 4e t.ken into .//o+nt )hen /on-idering Cl.+-e D?.H. he :+ide to the $o+rth Edition
2+4li-hed 4, $#"#C give- +-e(+l g+id.n/e .nd e0.12le- .t 2.ge- 11D .nd 117.

$REE AAU%A:E
'UES#!N
M, in*+ir, i-= .re their .n, g+idline- (or 1.0i1+1 $REE AAU%A:E di-t.n/e ... (or the ERM
B!RR!7 1.teri.l- to 4e eng.ged in EMBANKMEN C!NSRUC#!N .... -inil.rl,....)h.t
(ree di-t.n/e li1it- .re -etF2rovided in $#"#C (or .n, tr.n-2ort.tion o( 1.teri.l .... (ro1
B!RR!73 (ro1 the -ite o( e.g.3 .-2h.lt 1i0ing or /on/rete 1i0ing 2l.nt to the -ite o(
.//o1od.ting the (ini-hed 2rod+/t in the ro.d /on-tr+/tion 2ro@e/t-.
ANS7ER
he $#"#C Condition- o( Contr./t give the leg.l right- .nd o4lig.tion- o( the &.rtie- to the
Contr./t. M.tter- -+/h .- the 1.0i1+1 (ree h.+l.ge di-t.n/e )ill de2end on the re*+ire1ent-
.nd det.il- o( the 2ro@e/t. he, )ill v.r, (or di((erent 2ro@e/t- .nd -ho+ld 4e given in the
te/hni/.l -2e/i(i/.tion- .ndFor 4ill- o( *+.ntitie-.

EN$!RC#N: A C%A#M
'UES#!N
# .1 re*+e-ting .n inter2ret.tion o( Cl.+-e BH.? .nd BH.H o( the $#"#C Red Book3 4th Edition. .)
7hen . Contr./tor h.- -+1- d+e to it .ri-ing o+t o( . v.l+.tion +nder Cl.+-e BH.? .t the ti1e o(
ter1in.tion3 .nd the E12lo,erF Engineer del.,- /erti(i/.tion o( 2o--i4le /l.i1- +nder Cl.+-e
BH.H3 ho) doe- $#"#C envi-.ge th.t the ter1in.ted Contr./tor 1., en(or/e it- /l.i1Fo4t.in
tho-e -+1- /erti(ied 4, the Engineer .- 4eing d+e to it8 4) !n/e . ne) /ontr./tor h.- 4een
eng.ged3 i- the d.te -/hed+led (or /o12letion +nder the ne) /ontr./t relev.nt3 .nd )hen i- the
ne) /ontr./tor li.4le (or (+rther del.,- to the /o12letion d.te8 /) #- there . d+t, on the
E12lo,er or Engineer to in(or1 the (ir-t Contr./tor th.t the 2ro@e/t h.- 4een /o12leted8 7hen
the de(e/t- li.4ilit, 2eriod i- over8 d) #- there . d+t, on the E12lo,erFEngineer to i--+e .
/erti(i/.te in .//ord.n/e )ith Cl.+-e BH.H )ithin . re.-on.4le ti1e8 7h.t 1., 4e /on-idered .
re.-on.4le 2eriod (or i--+ing -+/h . /erti(i/.te8 e) 7h.t .re the 2o--i4ilitie- (or . Contr./tor to
o4t.in the 1onie- d+e +nder Cl.+-e BH.? i( the Engineer (.il- to i--+e . /erti(i/.te +nder Cl.+-e
BH.H.8
ANS7ER
hi- i- re.ll, . leg.l *+e-tion3 4+t the ke, -ee1- to 4e th.t the (ir-t -enten/e o( Cl.+-e B7.1
-.,- th.t it /ontin+e- .(ter ter1in.tion. A (e) .ddition.l /o11ent- 1., 4e hel2(+l. !ne
.--+1e- the en*+ir, i- re(erring to the $o+rth Edition3 .1ended 199?3 )itho+t .n, -igni(i/.nt
.1end1ent-. M.tter- .ri-ing (ro1 ter1in.tion +nder Cl.+-e BH.1 )ill de2end on the 2rovi-ion-
o( the .22li/.4le l.) .- )ell .- $#"#C Contr./t Cl.+-e-. Mo-t leg.l -,-te1- in/l+de
re*+ire1ent- (or the ter1in.tion o( . /ontr./t .nd .l-o /ont.in 2rovi-ion- 4.-ed on the /on/e2t
o( 5good (.ith5 )hi/h 1., 4e .22li/.4le. An, /o11ent- 4.-ed on the $#"#C Contr./t 1+-t 4e
revie)ed in rel.tion to the .22li/.4le l.)3 4+t -o1e gener.l /o11ent- 1., 4e hel2(+l. .)
Cl.+-e B7.13 (ir-t -enten/e3 -.,- th.t it /ontin+e- .(ter ter1in.tion. 4) Cl.+-e BH.1 en.4le- the
E12lo,er to 5ter1in.te the e12lo,1ent o( the Contr./tor5. he Cl.+-e i- /le.r th.t thi- doe-
not rele.-e the Contr./tor (ro1 .n, o( hi- o4lig.tion- or li.4ilitie-. So doe- the l.) re*+ire th.t
the E12lo,er .l-o i- not rele.-ed (ro1 hi- o4lig.tion-8 #( -o then other Cl.+-e- )ill .l-o 4e
relev.nt. /) he ne) /ontr./tor i- 2re-+1.4l, li.4le (or del.,- )hi/h he /.+-e- .nd )hi/h .re
not .ttri4+t.4le to the 2revio+- /ontr./tor. d) Cl.+-e 1.D3 (in.l -enten/e3 re*+ire- th.t .n,
/on-ent3 .22rov.l3 /erti(i/.te or deter1in.tion -h.ll not +nre.-on.4l, 4e )ithheld or del.,ed. e)
Cl.+-e- BG.B .nd BG.8 give ti1e 2eriod- (or the Contr./tor;- $in.l St.te1ent .nd the Engineer;-
$in.l &.,1ent Certi(i/.te. Cl.+-e BH.H re*+ire- the Engineer to i--+e . /erti(i/.te3 )itho+t
-t.ting . ti1e 2eriod. B, re(eren/e to Cl.+-e 1.D3 thi- 1+-t 4e i--+ed in . re.-on.4le ti1e.
Re.-on.4le 1ight 4e 4.-ed on the Cl.+-e BG.B .nd BG.8 ti1e 2eriod- +nle-- there .re -2e/i.l
/ir/+1-t.n/e-. () #t /ert.inl, -ee1- ne/e--.r, (or the Contr./tor to 4e in(or1ed3 or hi-
*+e-tion- to 4e .n-)ered3 in order th.t he kno)- )hen the /on-tr+/tion .nd "e(e/t- %i.4ilit,
&eriod- .re /o12leted. g) he Contr./tor;- right- .nd 2ro/ed+re- (or o4t.ining 2.,1ent .re
/overed 4, Cl.+-e B7 .nd the .22li/.4le l.).

NE7 RAE !R &R#CE
'UES#!N
7e .re . /on-+lting (ir1 2roviding Contr./t Ad1ini-tr.tion Servi/e- to Contr./tor- in &.ki-t.n.
7hile -eeking .--i-t.n/e (ro1 the $#"#C )e4-ite $A' Se/tion3 )e h.ve /o1e ./ro-- the
.dvi/e +2on S+4>Cl.+-e D?.? o( Red Book 4th Edtion Condition- o( Contr./t &.rt ## -t.ting
therein th.t= the r.te )hi/h the Engineer .gree- or (i0e- +nder S+4>Cl.+-e D?.? )o+ld onl,
.22l, to the v.ried *+.ntit, (in/re.-ed or de/re.-ed). he origin.l *+.ntit, i- not 2.rt o( the
6.ri.tion .nd )o+ld 4e 2.id .t the origin.l r.te. he r.tion.le 4eing +-ed in /on-tr+ing the S+4>
Cl.+-e D?.? in ter1- th.t the Revi-ed R.te- +nder S+4>Cl.+-e D?.? )ill 4e .22lied to the v.ried
*+.ntit, onl, h.- /re.ted 1+/h /on(+-ion in -o1e o( the on>going 2ro@e/t- )ith the N.tion.l
Aigh)., A+thorit,3 &.ki-t.n. A- 2er the .dvi/e o( $#"#C Se/ret.ri.t $A' Se/tion3 i( (or
in-t.n/e3 . Contr./tor;- origin.l B!' )ork in/re.-e- (ro1 1GG1H to 14G1H 3 then he -h.ll 4e
2.id (or 1GG1H .- 2er origin.l r.te- .nd (or the re1.ining 4G1H3 revi-ed r.te- -h.ll 4e
.22li/.4le. #( )e .22l, the -.1e logi/ in . /.-e )here the Contr./tor;- origin.l B!' )ork
de/re.-e- (ro1 1GG1H to BG1H3 then he -h.ll 4e 2.id (or 1GG1H .- 2er origin.l *+.ntit, o(
)ork. 7here.-3 (or the de/re.-ed *+.ntit,3 he -ho+ld 4e 2.id .t the revi-ed r.te- (.ltho+gh he
-h.ll 4e ./t+.ll, e0e/+ting BG1H )ork.). he -.1e i- tr+e (or the /.-e )hen tot.l e0e/+ted
*+.ntit, e0/eed- 4, 1ore th.n HGE .nd the ne) r.te -h.ll 4e .22li/.4le to the tot.l e0e/+ted
*+.ntit,. he -.1e Cl.+-e /.nnot 4e /on-tr+ed di((erentl,. #( thi- doe- not h.22en3 then it -h.ll
/.+-e 2re@+di/e to the intere-t o( the Contr./tor.
ANS7ER
Under S+4>Cl.+-e D?.?3 the Engineer onl, (i0e- . ne) r.te or 2ri/e )hen the B!' r.te or 2ri/e
h.- 4e/o1e in.22ro2ri.te or in.22li/.4le (or . 2.rti/+l.r 6.ri.tion. #n (i0ing the ne) r.te or
2ri/e he )ill /on-ider the re.-on- )h, the origin.l r.te or 2ri/e -ho+ld 4e /h.nged. Ae )ill not
(i0 . ne) r.te or 2ri/e +ntil he kno)- )hether it involve- .n in/re.-e or de/re.-e in *+.ntit,.
he ne) r.te or 2ri/e )ill 2ro4.4l, 4e di((erent (or . de/re.-e to th.t (or .n in/re.-e. #t 1., 4e
di((erent (or . l.rge in/re.-e to . -1.ll in/re.-e. he .no1.lie- )hi/h ,o+ 1ention -ho+ld not
o//+r 4e/.+-e the Engineer )ill h.ve /on-idered the-e -it+.tion- 4e(ore he (i0e- the ne) r.te
or 2ri/e.

NE7 B!' RAES
'UES#!N
A /ontr./t ).- dr.)n +2 (or . -2e/i(i/ length o( high).,. Re>.lign1ent ).- re*+ired )hi/h
in/re.-ed the length 4, . (e) kilo1eter-. Sho+ld thi- .ddition.l )ork 4e in/l+ded in . v.ri.tion
order .- 2er Cl.+-e D1 or -ho+ld . -e2er.te /ontr./t 4e (lo.ted. he /ontr./tor i- .-king (or
-ingle v.ri.tion order )ith t)o di((erent re(i0ed r.te- ((or the -.1e ite1 o( Bo' )3 one (or the
v.ri.tion in the origin.l )ork .nd -e/ond (or the .ddition.l )ork. # di((er )ith hi- vie)-. # (eel th.t
i( one v.ri.tion order i- /on-idered (or the )hole )ork then onl, onl, one re(i0ed r.te (or v.ried
*+.ntit, /.n 4e given. # re*+ire ,o+r .dvi/e on thi- i--+e.
ANS7ER
#( 4oth the /h.nge to the origin.l )ork .nd the .ddition.l )ork /.1e (ro1 the -.1e /h.nge o(
re*+ire1ent .nd in-tr+/tion then it )o+ld 4e +-+.l to i--+e . -ingle v.ri.tion order. Ao)ever3 it
i- .l-o *+ite nor1.l (or the 2ri/e /.l/+l.tion- (or . v.ri.tion order to in/l+de di((erent r.te- (or
the -.1e Bo' ite1. he /ontr./tor;- /o-t- .nd the re.-on- )h, the Bo' r.te- .re
in.22ro2ri.te 1., 4e di((erent (or the v.ried )ork .nd (or the .ddition.l )ork. #t i- then (.irer
.nd 1ore tr.n-2.rent3 to the 4ene(it o( 4oth 2.rtie-3 to negoti.te di((erent ne) r.te-.

NE7 6AR#A#!N !R"ER
'UES#!N
A /ontr./t ).- dr.)n (or . -2e/i(i/ length o( high).,. Re>.lign1ent ).- re*+ired )hi/h
in/re.-ed the length 4, (e) kilo1eter-.-ho+ld thi- .ddition.l )ork 4e in/l+ded in . v.ri.tion
order .- 2er Cl.+-e D1 or -ho+ld . -e2er.te /ontr./t 4e (lo.ted. he /ontr./tor i- .-king (or
-ingle v.ri.tion order )ith t)o di((erent re(i0ed r.te- ((or -.1e ite1 o( Bo')3one (or the v.ri.tion
in the origin.l )ork .nd -e/ond (or the .ddition.l )ork. # di((er )ith hi- vie)-. # (eel th.t i( one
v.ri.tion order i- /on-idered (or the )hole )ork then onl, onl, one re(i0ed r.te (or v.ried
*+.ntit, /.n 4e given.ire*+ire ,o+r .dvi/e on thi- i--+e.
ANS7ER
#( 4oth the /h.nge to the origin.l )ork .nd the .ddition.l )ork /.1e (ro1 the -.1e /h.nge o(
re*+ire1ent .nd in-tr+/tion then it )o+ld 4e +-+.l to i--+e . -ingle v.ri.tion order. Ao)ever3 it
i- .l-o *+ite nor1.l (or the 2ri/e /.l/+l.tion- (or . v.ri.tion order to in/l+de di((erent r.te- (or
the -.1e Bo' ite1. he /ontr./tor;- /o-t- .nd the re.-on- )h, the Bo' r.te- .re
in.22ro2ri.te 1., 4e di((erent (or the v.ried )ork .nd (or the .ddition.l )ork. #t i- then (.irer
.nd 1ore tr.n-2.rent3 to the 4ene(it o( 4oth 2.rtie-3 to negoti.te di((erent ne) r.te-.

#NSRUC#!NS ! 6AR9 AE 7!RKS
'UES#!N
7e .re e0e/+ting . /on-tr+/tion )ork- 2ro@e/t (18>(loor to)er)3 no) there i- .n .ddition o( t)o
1ore (loor-. # )o+ld like to kno) ... thi- .ddition )o+ld 4e de.lt .- . v.ri.tion or -e2.r.te
/ontr./t re*+ired3 )here )e )ill h.ve the li4ert, to revi-e the 2ri/e3 -in/e thi- t)o (loor;- .ddition
i- le-- th.n the ?D 2er/ent o( the /ontr./t v.l+e3 hen/e )e dont h.ve right to in/re.-e the 2ri/e3
in/e.-e i( )e de.l it 4, v.ri.tion. 2le.-e /l.ri(,.
ANS7ER
Cl.+-e D1.1 .llo)- the Engineer to i--+e in-tr+/tion- to v.r, the 7ork-. 9o+r *+e-tion i-
)hether the .ddition.l t)o (loor- .re @+-t . /h.nge to the *+.ntit, o( the )ork )hi/h i- in/l+ded
in the Contr./t3 .- Cl.+-e D1.1(.)3 or .re o+t-ide the -/o2e o( the 7ork-3 )hi/h -ho+ld 4e
de(ined in the Contr./t. he .n-)er to ,o+r *+e-tion there(ore de2end- on the e0./t )ording o(
the Contr./t Agree1ent3 the other /ontr./t do/+1ent- .nd 2erh.2- .l-o the ender
"o/+1ent-. #t )ill .l-o de2end on the inter2ret.tion o( thi- )ording in .//ord.n/e )ith the
.22li/.4le l.). hi- i- not -o1ething )hi/h $#"#C /.n .n-)er .nd ,o+ -ho+ld o4t.in -2e/i.li-t
.dvi/e.

$#<#N: !$ A NE7 RAE (RE"4= D?.?)
'UES#!N
7e re*+e-ted (or the /l.ri(i/.tion reg.rding re2lie- to . /o+2le o( *+e-tion- )hi/h .22e.r .t the
$A' Se/tion o( $#"#C )e4-ite. Re2l, to the (ir-t *+e-tion ill+-tr.te- th.t +nder S+4 Cl.+-e D?.?3
Engineer 1., (i0 . ne) r.te or . 2ri/e i( the B!' r.te 4e/o1e- in.22ro2ri.te or in.22li/.4le (or
. 2.rti/+l.r v.ri.tion3 kee2ing in vie) the re.-on- (or the /h.nge. #n re2l, to the -e/ond
*+e-tion3 $#"#C -.,- th.t the origin.l *+.ntit, i- not . 2.rt o( the v.ri.tion .nd /.nnot 4e 2.id .t
the revi-ed r.te. Re2lie- to the *+e-tion- .- noted .4ove .re /ontr.di/tor, to e./h other .nd
)e think th.t the 1.tter -ho+ld (+rther 4e /l.ri(ied. !+r el.4or.te note3 )hi/h ).- -+41itted to
thi- e((e/t /on-tit+te- o( o+r +nder-t.nding o( the Cl.+-e D?.? o( the Red Book 4th Edition. he
de(inition o( the v.ried )ork tri/kle- to the Cl.+-e D?.? (ro1 the Cl.+-e D1.13 )hi/h give- the
de(initionF-/o2e o( the v.ried )ork .- (ollo)ing= (.) in/re.-e or de/re.-e the *+.ntit, o( .n,
)ork in/l+ded in the Contr./t3 (4) o1it .n, -+/h )ork (4+t not i( the o1itted )ork- i- to 4e
/.rried o+t 4, the E12lo,er or 4, .nother /ontr./tor)3 (/) /h.nge the /h.r./ter or *+.lit, or kind
o( .n, -+/h )ork3 (d) /h.nge the level-3 line-3 2o-ition .nd di1en-ion- o( ., 2.rt o( the 7ork-3
(e) e0e/+te .ddition.l )ork o( .n, kind ne/e--.r, (or the /o12letion o( the 7ork-3 (() /h.nge
.n, -2e/i(ied -e*+en/e or ti1ing o( /on-tr+/tion o( .n, 2.rt o( the 7ork-. he given de(inition
th+- hold- th.t the v.ried )ork 1., not e--enti.ll, /o12ri-e o( onl, the /h.nge in the *+.ntit,
o( /ert.in ite1 in/l+ded in the /ontr./t. 6.ried )ork 1., .l-o .ri-e o+t o( the virt+e o( other
re.-on- .- noted .4ove. Aen/e3 re-tri/ting the de(inition o( v.ri.tion onl, to the /h.nge in
*+.ntit, 1., not 4e .22ro2ri.te. he re2l, given .t the $#"#C )e4-ite to the (ir-t *+e-tion3 .-
h.- 4een re(erred .4ove3 -ee1- to hold the -.1e vie) 4, the virt+e o( )hi/h the de/i-ion to
thi- e((e/t h.- 4een le(t to the Engineer. Ao)ever3 the re2l, to the -e/ond *+e-tion (or).rd-
r.ther . re-tri/tive inter2ret.tion o( the Cl.+-e D?.? 4, -.,ing th.t . ne) r.te )o+ld .22l, onl,
to the in/re.-edFde/re.-ed *+.ntit,. S+/h .n inter2ret.tion (.ll- in /ontr.di/tion to the de(inition
o( the v.ried )ork .- )ell .- the o2en ended -2irit o( the $#"#C "o/+1ent in gener.l .nd th.t o(
the Cl.+-e D?.?3 re.d in /on@+n/tion )ith the Cl.+-e- D1.13 D1.? .nd D?.1 there>4e(ore3 .- )ell
.- th.t o( the Cl.+-e- D?.H .nd D?.4 there.(ter. ..... $#"#C;- initi.l re2l,= $#"#C /.n onl,
/o11ent in gener.l ter1- on the inter2ret.tion o( . $#"#C /l.+-e. #( ,o+ re*+ire . 1ore det.iled
o2inion on the .22li/.tion o( . /l.+-e to . 2.rti/+l.r 2ro4le1 -it+.tion then ,o+ -ho+ld /on-+lt .
-2e/i.li-t. he e0.12le- in ,o+r letter ill+-tr.te the )ide r.nge o( -it+.tion- )hi/h 1., .ri-e on
. 2ro@e/t .nd re-+lt in the .22li/.tion o( Cl.+-e D?.?. $or thi- re.-on3 the /l.+-e /.nnot re-tri/t
the Engineer in the )., he /.l/+l.te- . ne) r.te. he Engineer i- .).re o( the e0./t -it+.tion
.nd -o /.n 1.ke the .22ro2ri.te de/i-ion to -+it the )ording .nd .22li/.tion o( the 6.ri.tion. A
6.ri.tion nor1.ll,3 4+t not .l).,-3 onl, .22lie- to )ork )hi/h h.- not ,et 4een e0e/+ted. #(
-o1e) ork h.- .lre.d, 4een /.rried o+t on the -.1e 4.-i- .- ).- envi-.ged (or the origin.l 4ill
r.te then th.t )ork )o+ld nor1.ll, 4e v.l+ed .t the 4ill r.te. Ao)ever . 2.rti/+l.r 6.ri.tion3
-+/h .- . de/re.-e in *+.ntit,31., 4e )orded in -+/h . )., .- to re*+ire . di((erent
.22ro./h. ........ 9o+r re2l, .l-o n.rr.te- th.t o+r +nder-t.nding o( the i--+e (.ll- /lo-el, to .
/ert.in 2ro@e/t -2e/i(i/ leg.l o2inion. 7e 4elieve th.t -+/h . /on/+rren/e on the 1.tter h.-
4e/o1e evident onl, 4e/.+-e o( the 2ro2er +nder-t.nding o( the r.tion.le. hi- 2.rti/+l.rl,
hold- )hen )e .l-o /on-ider the 2o--i4ilit, o( v.ri.tion 4e/.+-e o( the de/re.-e in the *+.ntit,
o( /ert.in ite1- o( )ork. No logi/ )o+ld .llo) th.t the de/re.-ed *+.ntit, )hi/h i- not e0e/+ted
1., 4e 2.id .t -o1e revi-ed r.te (i0ed 4, the Engineer. he revi-ed r.te )o+ld /ert.inl, .22l,
to the *+.ntit, e0e/+ted. he r.tion.le th+- de1.nd- the -.1e tre.t1ent (or (i0ing o( the r.te
4, the Engineer in /.-e o( v.ri.tion in the *+.ntit, o( /ert.in ite1- o( the )ork 4e/.+-e o( .n
in/re.-e3 giving .n o4vio+- re.-on o( o+r +nder-t.nding o( the 1.tter in line )ith the leg.l
o2inion in the -i1il.r /onte0t. 9o+r re2l, d.ted 7th M+ne ?GG7 (+rther -ee1- to ./kno)ledge
th.t the e0./t -it+.tion +nder -+/h . /.-e 1., onl, 4e deter1ined 4, the Engineer thro+gh .n
.22ro2ri.te de/i-ion3 .- h.- 4een 2rovided +nder the -2irit o( the $#"#C "o/+1ent. Ao)ever3
the /o11ent- there.(ter3 on/e .g.in -ee1 to re-tri/t the de(inition o( v.ri.tion. So3 to /ontin+e=
reg.rding (i0ing o( . ne) r.te (Red4= D?.?) Reg.rding o+r *+er, reg.rding re>r.ting o( the v.ried
*+.ntit,. 7e -eek the /l.ri(i/.tion reg.rding the o2inion o( $#"#C on re>r.ting o( the v.ried
*+.ntit,3 .- -ho)n in the $A' Se/tion o( the $#"#C )e4-ite. !+r de4.teFdi-/+--ion .-
.22ended )ith o+r *+er, i- onl, 1e.nt to e02re-- o+r +nder-t.nding th.t the S+4>Cl.+-e D?.?
onl, t.lk- o( the 5v.ried )ork5 .nd not the 5v.ried *+.ntit,53 )hi/h3 ho)ever3 re1.in-
-+4-ervient to the de(inition o( 5v.ried )ork5. he ./t+.l intention o( o+r *+er, th+- re1.in- to
-eek the /l.ri(i/.tion in light o( the S+4>Cl.+-e D?.? o( Civil 7ork- /ontr./t 4th Edition3 1987. o
thi- e((e/t3 it 1., 4e dee1ed .22ro2ri.te th.t the )riter- o( thi- 2.rti/+l.r /l.+-e or the rel.ted
4./k+2 1.teri.l 1., 4e /on-+lted -o th.t the .14ig+it, or the /on(+-ion3 .- h.- .ri-en
reg.rding the v.ried )ork thro+gh the o2inion o( $#"#C in the $A' -e/tion3 1., 4e re1oved
.nd the 2re-tige o( the org.niC.tion like $#"#C3 )hi/h i- /on-idered .- .n .2e0 4od, in /ontr./t
.d1ini-tr.tion3 )o+ld 4e 1.int.ined.
ANS7ER
h.nk ,o+ (or ,o+r 1ore det.iled e02l.n.tion o( ,o+r *+er,. !+r re2lie- to 2revio+- *+e-tion-
)ere in re-2on-e to 2.rti/+l.r *+e-tion-3 )here.- ,o+r *+e-tion i- r.ther di((erent. 9o+ .re3 o(
/o+r-e3 /orre/t th.t 6.ri.tion- +nder S+4>Cl.+-e D?.1 /.n /over . )ide r.nge o( -it+.tion-3
in/l+ding /h.nge- to the n.t+re .- )ell .- to the *+.ntit, o( .n ite1 o( )ork. $or thi- re.-on3
S+4>Cl.+-e D?.? 1+-t 4e gener.l to /over the )ide r.nge o( 2otenti.l -it+.tion-. #t i- then (or
the Engineer to .--e-- the 2.rti/+l.r -it+.tion .nd to .gree or (i0 .n .22ro2ri.te r.te. #n
de/iding the *+.nt+13 .nd .l-o the .22li/.tion3 o( thi- r.te the Engineer )o+ld t.ke into .//o+nt
the /on-e*+en/e- o( . /h.nge in n.t+re .- )ell .- . /h.nge in *+.ntit,. 9o+ -ho+ld .l-o note
the e02l.n.tor, re1.rk- in the $#"#C :+ide to the +-e o( the $#"#C Condition- o( Contr./t (or
7ork- o( Civil Engineering Con-tr+/tion. S+4>Cl.+-e- D?.1 .nd D?.? .re revie)ed .t 2.ge- 114
.nd 11D o( the :+ide .nd in/l+de the -t.te1ent= #( the n.t+re or .1o+nt o( the )ork involved
di((er- -o 1+/h (ro1 th.t in/l+ded in the origin.l Contr./t th.t the r.te- .nd 2ri/e- .re rendered
in.22li/.4le3 it i- the Engineer;- t.-k to .gree .22ro2ri.te r.te- .nd 2ri/e- )ith the Contr./tor3
or3 i( .gree1ent /.nnot 4e re./hed3 to (i0 the r.te- .nd 2ri/e-. 7e tr+-t thi- (+rther e02l.n.tion
)ill .n-)er ,o+r *+er,. An, (+rther /o11ent- )o+ld re*+ire det.il- o( the -2e/i(i/ /ontr./t .nd
2ro4le13 )hi/h $#"#C /o+ld not /on-ider.

UN"UE "E%A9 $!R C%A#MS
'UES#!N
C.n ,o+ 2le.-e identi(, )h.t i- 1e.nt 4, 5)itho+t +nd+e del.,5 +nder Red Book 4th Edition
/l.+-e 44.H /on-idering th.t the Contr./tor .nd the Engineer h.ve 1+t+.ll, .greed3 +nder /l.
44.?(4)3 to -+41it det.iled 2.rti/+l.r- ever, (ir-t )eek o( the 1onth .nd noting th.t ever, 1onth
the /ontr./tor i- -+41itting the -.1e. 7h.t i- the d+r.tion needed 4, engineer to 2rovide hi-
interi1F(in.l deter1in.tion o( e0ten-ion o( ti1e /l.i1- +nder thi- /l.+-e8
ANS7ER
9o+r *+e-tion re(er- to S+4>Cl.+-e 44.H in the Red Book3 $o+rth Edition 1987. S+4>Cl.+-e 44.?
h.- i12o-ed ti1e li1it- (or the -+41i--ion o( in(or1.tion 4, the Contr./tor3 )hi/h ,o+ -., h.ve
4een .greed. $#"#C doe- not i12o-e . ti1e li1it on the Engineer 4e/.+-e the ./t+.l ti1e
needed (or hi1 to 1.ke hi- deter1in.tion )ill de2end on the /ir/+1-t.n/e- .nd the det.il- in
the in(or1.tion 2rovided 4, the Contr./tor. Ao)ever the 5)itho+t +nd+e del.,5 e12h.-i-e- the
need (or the deter1in.tion to 4e 1.de .- -oon .- 2o--i4le. S+4>Cl.+-e 1.D .l-o re*+ire- th.t
.n, deter1in.tion 5-h.ll not +nre.-on.4l, 4e )ithheld or del.,ed5. hi- give- the Contr./tor
the o22ort+nit, to r.i-e . *+er, i( he need- the deter1in.tion in order to 2l.n hi- )ork.

&A9MEN !N A C%AUSE BH.? 6A%UA#!N
'UES#!N
Con/erning Cl.+-e BH.? .nd BH.H o( the $#"#C Red Book 4th Edition . he Contr./t ).-
ter1in.ted 4, the E12lo,er 2+r-+.nt to Cl.+-e BH.1 (thi- i- +ndi-2+ted). #t ).- .greed th.t the
.ddition.l /o-t- to the E12lo,er o( e0e/+ting the )ork- 4, .n .ltern.tive /ontr./tor h.- to 4e
ded+/ted (ro1 the v.l+e o( the )ork- e0e/+ted 4, the (ir-t Contr./tor. he )ording o( Cl.+-e-
BH.? .nd BH.H ).- not /h.nged or .1ended. Contr./tor no) re*+e-t- . 2.,1ent (ro1 the
E12lo,er /.l/+l.ted 2+r-+.nt to . Cl.+-e BH.? v.l+.tion. #n .ddition Contr./tor -t.te- th.t the
)hole o( the 7ork- h.- not /o12leted .nd3 there(ore3 the "e(e/t- %i.4ilit, &eriod h.- not
e02ired3 )hi/h i- . 2re/edent to .n, /erti(i/.tion o( E12lo,er;- /o-t- +nder Cl.+-e BH.H.
here(ore3 .n E12lo,er;- .22li/.tion (or Cl.+-e BH.H /o-t- i- 2re1.t+re3 /.nnot 4e /on-idered
.nd Contr./tor i- entitled to re*+e-t . 2.,1ent 4.-ed on the /.l/+l.ted Cl.+-e BH.? v.l+.tion
)itho+t .n, ded+/tion 2+r-+.nt to Cl.+-e BH.H. .) #- . /ontr./tor entitled to .-k (or . 2.,1ent
4.-ed on . Cl.+-e BH.? v.l+.tion3 -in/e .n e12lo,er i- not o4liged to 1.ke .n, (+rther
2.,1ent +ntil the e02ir.tion o( the "e(e/t- %i.4ilit, &eriod8 4) #- it /orre/t to inter2ret th.t
Contr./tor;- re*+e-t (or 2.,1ent 4.-ed on Cl.+-e BH.? i- not (/+rrentl,) @+-ti(ied .l-o in /.-e-3
)here . /o12letion o( the 2ro@e/t ).- del.,ed d+e to /ir/+1-t.n/e- /.+-ed 4, .n .ltern.tive
/ontr./tor or the e12lo,er3 i( the ter1in.ted .nd re*+e-ting Contr./tor it-el( h.- (or1.ll, .nd
e02li/it 2le.ded th.t the )hole 2ro@e/t i- not /o12leted )itho+t /o12l.ining the del., o(
/o12leting the 2ro@e/t /.+-ed 4, the .ltern.tive /ontr./tor or the e12lo,er8 /) C.n the
Contr./tor -i1+lt.neo+-l, re(er to .nd re*+e-t . Cl.+-e BH.? /.l/+l.ted /l.i1 .nd re@e/t
(.lleged) +n1.t+red E12lo,er;- Cl.+-e BH.H /o-t-3 i( 4oth /l.+-e- )ere .greed8
ANS7ER
hi- i- . /o12le0 te/hni/.lFleg.l *+e-tion .ri-ing (ro1 . -2e/i(i/ re*+e-t 4, the Contr./tor on
,o+r 2ro@e/t. $#"#C /.n onl, .n-)er gener.l *+e-tion- o( inter2ret.tion .nd /.nnot /o11ent on
-2e/i(i/ re*+e-t- or /l.i1-. he $#"#C :+ide to the $o+rth Edition -t.te- .t 2.ge 14B (or S+4>
Cl.+-e BH.H= 5#( the E12lo,er ter1in.te- the Contr./tor;- e12lo,1ent3 he i- not li.4le to 2.,
the Contr./tor .n, (+rther .1o+nt- (in/l+ding d.1.ge-) +ntil the e02ir.tion o( the "e(e/t-
%i.4ilit, &eriod .nd the /erti(i/.tion 4, the Engineer o( the /o-t o( e0e/+tion .nd re1ed,ing o(
.n, de(e/t-3 d.1.ge- (or del., in /o12letion (i( .n,) .nd other e02en-e- in/+rred 4, the
E12lo,er .- . re-+lt o( the Contr./tor;- de(.+lt.5

7AEN #S &A9MEN MA"E
'UES#!N
7e .re -eeking . de(intion .- to )hen 2.,1ent i- ./t+.ll, 1.de 4, the e12lo,er to the
/ontr./tor. #- it )hen the e12lo,er i--+e- hi- 2.,1ent in-tr+/tion to hi- 4.nk3 or i- 2.,1ent
dee1ed to 4e 1.de on/e the 1onie- .re re/eived in the /ontr./tor;- 4.nk .//o+nt. Are there
$#"#C g+ideline- on thi- 1.tter8
ANS7ER
,o+r *+er, i- re.ll, . gener.l leg.l *+e-tion .4o+t )hen . 2.,1ent i- 51.de53 r.ther th.n .
*+e-tion o( inter2ret.tion o( . $#"#C /ontr./t. he .n-)er 1., 4e di((erent +nder di((erent
@+ri-di/tion-. 9o+ -ho+ld /on-+lt . l.),er )ith e02erien/e o( the .22li/.4le l.).

SAU!R9 "EC%ARA#!N
'UES#!N
M, (ir1 i- e0e/+ting . Contr./t )ith $#"#C ter1- .nd /ondition- .nd # re*+ire . St.t+tor,
"e/l.r.tion do/+1ent (or intern.tion.l +-e (&ro@e/t lo/.tion i- M.d.g.-/.r). C.n ,o+ 2le.-e
.dvi-e )here # /.n (ind thi- in ,o+r do/+1ent.tion3 or 4etter ,et /.n ,o+ e 1.il 1e the
.22ro2ri.te do/+1ent.
ANS7ER
9o+r St.t+tor, "e/l.r.tion )o+ld -ee1 to /on(li/t )ith the 2rin/i2le- o( the $#"#C Contr./t-.
&rogre-- 2.,1ent- .re re(erred to .- ;interi1;3 )hi/h -+gge-t- th.t the, .re 2rovi-ion.l .nd not
(in.l. E&C S+4>Cl.+-e 14.B .llo)- the E12lo,er to 1.ke /orre/tion- or 1odi(i/.tion- to
2revio+- .1o+nt- /on-idered d+e3 )hi/h -+gge-t- th.t the Contr./tor /.n re*+e-t
1odi(i/.tion- to . 2revio+- v.l+.tion. #t i- onl, the re*+ire1ent (or the A22li/.tion (or the $in.l
&.,1ent3 .- S+4>Cl.+-e 14.113 )hi/h +-e- )ord- indi/.ting (in.lit,. he Contr./tor then
/on(ir1- the (in.lit, 4, hi- "i-/h.rge3 .- S+4>Cl.+-e 14.1?. he e*+iv.lent 2rovi-ion in the
1987 Red Book ).- S+4>Cl.+-e BG.7. he St.nd.rd %etter (or th.t S+4>Cl.+-e 1erel, re2e.ted
the )ording o( the S+4>Cl.+-e. Ao)ever3 thi- ).- . /ontr./t+.l letter .nd not . St.t+tor,
"e/l.r.tion. A St.t+tor, "e/l.r.tion )ill 2re-+1.4l, 4e i--+ed 4, the :overn1ent .nd )ill
de2end on the re*+ire1ent- o( the .22li/.4le l.)3 )hi/h )ill v.r, (or di((erent /o+ntrie-.

$#NA% AN" B#N"#N: "AB "EC#S#!N
'UES#!N
#n the 199? re2rinted ver-ion o( the 1987 $#"#C Condition- .- )ell .- in the 1999 $#"#C
Condition- it i-3 in the relev.nt "AB Cl.+-e-3 -t.ted th.t the Contr./tor3 E12lo,er .nd Engineer
-h.ll give e((e/t (ore)ith to ever, de/i-ion o( the Bo.rd +nle-- .nd +ntil the de/i-ion i- revi-ed
in .n .1i/.4le -ettle1ent or .n .r4itr.tion.l .).rd. !n the other h.nd it i- -t.ted th.t . Bo.rd
de/i-ion 4e/o1e- $#NA% .nd B#N"#N: +nle-- either 2.rt, give- . noti/e o( di--.ti-(./tion
)ithin ?8 d.,- .(ter re/eiving the Bo.rd de/i-ion. A ver, 4.-i/ leg.l 2rin/i2le i- th.t onl, (in.l
.nd 4inding de/i-ion- .re en(or/e.4le. Are the $#"#C /ondition- re.ll, 4.-ed on the ver,
+n+-+.l 2rin/i2le th.t the E12lo,er h.-3 on 4.-i- o( +n +n4inding Bo.rd de/i-ion3 to 2., to the
Contr./tor . /o12en-.tion )ith the /on-e*+en/e o( r+nning the ri-k o( never 4eing .4le to
re/over the 2.id .1o+nt (ro1 . (oreign /ontr./tor )hen the revi-ed .r4itr.tion .).rd i- i--+ed
(long) .(ter the /o12letion o( the )ork-. &le.-e /l.ri(, )hether the E12lo,er h.- to 2., .
1onet.r, /o12en-.tion on 4.-i- o( . Bo.rd de/i-ion3 )hi/h i- N! $#NA% AN" B#N"#N:.
ANS7ER
S+4>Cl.+-e ?G.4 o( the 1999 Contr./t- i- /le.r th.t 4oth 2.rtie- -h.ll 2ro12tl, give e((e/t to the
"AB "e/i-ion. he E12lo,er 1+-t 2., .n, -+1 .).rded to the Contr./tor .ltho+gh the -+1 to
4e 2.id 1., 4e /h.nged 4, . l.ter .1i/.4le -ettle1ent or .r4itr.tion. #( . Noti/e o(
"i--.ti-(./tion h.- 4een i--+ed then the di-2+te3 not the "AB de/i-ion3 1., 4e reo2ened .nd
(in.ll, deter1ined 4, the Ar4itr.l ri4+n.l. he -+1 to 4e 2.id 1., then 4e in/re.-ed3 or
de/re.-ed3 .nd .ddition.l 1one, 1., need to 4e 2.id3 or 1one, 1., need to 4e re2.id. An
Ar4itr.l A).rd3 in/l+ding -+/h (+rther 2.,1ent or re2.,1ent3 )o+ld 4e $in.l .nd Binding .nd
)o+ld 4e /overed 4, .r4itr.tion l.) .nd the Ne) 9ork Convention. #t i- nor1.l 2r./ti/e th.t .
"AB or Ad@+di/.tor;- "e/i-ion i- Binding .nd -o 1+-t 4e 2.id3 4+t i- not $in.l .nd -o 1., 4e
/h.nged in thi- ).,. #( no Noti/e o( "i--.ti-(./tion h.- 4een i--+ed then the "AB "e/i-ion
4e/o1e- $in.l .- )ell .- Binding .nd the di-2+te /.nnot 4e reo2ened.

%UM& SUM CA%CU%A#!N
'UES#!N
C.n ,o+ 2le.-e .dvi-e ho) to /.l/+l.te the l+12 -+1 to 4e .dded or ded/+ted to the /ontr./t
2ri/e )hen the e((e/tive /ontr./t 2ri/e e0e//ed- 1DE. #n .ddition3 2le.-e .dvi-e on )hen do )e
ded+/t3 .nd )hen do )e .dd -+/h .1o+nt.
ANS7ER
Co11ent.r, .t 2.ge 117 o( the $#"#C :+ide to the 4th Edition i- re/o11ended. he :+ide
e02l.in- th.t -o1e o( the Contr./tor;- overhe.d /o-t- .re in/l+ded in the r.te- (or ite1- o( )ork
.nd other- .re in/l+ded in -e2.r.te ite1- in the Bill o( '+.ntitie-. Ch.nge- to the ./t+.l
*+.ntitie- 1., 1e.n th.t the overhe.d /ontent o( ite1- )hi/h h.ve 2.id i- not .22ro2ri.te to
the ./t+.l overhe.d /o-t- in/+rred 4, the Contr./tor. #n order to /.l/+l.te .n, .d@+-t1ent the
Engineer )ill need to o4t.in in(or1.tion (ro1 the Contr./tor3 or )o+ld h.ve to 1.ke hi- o)n
.--e--1ent. An, /.l/+l.tion 1+-t t.ke into .//o+nt .n, .d@+-t1ent )hi/h h.- .lre.d, 4een
1.de +nder .nother S+4>Cl.+-e .nd onl, .22lie- to .n, in/re.-e or de/re.-e in e0/e-- o( 1DE
o( the E((e/tive Contr./t 2ri/e. he S+4>Cl.+-e -t.rt- )ith . re(eren/e to the -it+.tion 5on the
i--+e o( the .king>!ver Certi(i/.te (or the )hole o( the 7ork-5. #t i- .l-o ne/e--.r, (or the
v.l+e o( v.ri.tion- .nd other .d@+-t1ent- to h.ve 4een .greed in order to 1.ke the S+4>Cl.+-e
D?.H /.l/+l.tion-. An, .ddition.l 2.,1ent or ded+/tion )o+ld then 4e 1.de in the ne0t 2.,1ent
/erti(i/.te .(ter the (ig+re- h.ve 4een .greed or deter1ined.

NE7 RAE $!R AN #NCREASE" 'UAN#9
'UES#!N
# .1 5he Engineer5 (or . ro.d /on-tr+/tion 2ro@e/t. A di((eren/e o( o2inion h.- .ri-en on the
.22li/.4ilit, o( ne) r.te- (i0ed 4, the Engineer on the *+.ntitie-3 i.e )hether the ne) r.te )ill 4e
.22li/.4le onl, on the enh.n/ed *+.ntit, 4e,ond the origin.l Bo' *+.ntit,3 !or it -h.ll .22l, on
the entire *+.ntit,. o e02l.in thi- (+rther3 the Bo' *+.ntit, (or 2ile- ).- ?GGG /+ 1. he
de-igner in/re.-ed the n+14er o( 2ile- -o th.t the *+.ntit, 4e/.1e HGGG /+ 1. he Engineer
(i0ed . ne) r.te (or 2ile )ork (ro1 < to 9. 7ill 9 r.te 4e .22li/.4le to enh.n/ed *+.ntit, o( 1GGG
/+ 1 3 or -ho+ld it .22l, to HGGG /+ 18
ANS7ER
$#"#C /.n onl, /o11ent in gener.l ter1- on the inter2ret.tion o( . $#"#C /l.+-e-3 .nd it -ho+ld
4e noted th.t (or the .22li/.tion o( . /l.+-e to . 2.rti/+l.r 2ro4le1 -it+.tion3 one -ho+ld .l).,-
/on-+lt . -2e/i.li-t. 7ith th.t 4eing -.id3 in gener.l3 S+4>Cl.+-e D?.? give- the 2o)er to the
Engineer to (i0 ne) r.te- .nd -t.te- the /ondition- )hen -+/h ne) r.te- 1., 4e (i0ed3 4+t S+4>
Cl.+-e D?.? doe- not indi/.te . /.l/+l.tion 1ethod or the .22li/.4ilit, (or ne) r.te-. he
re.-on (or thi- i- 4e/.+-e S+4>Cl.+-e D?.? 1+-t .llo) (or /overing . )ide r.nge o( 2otenti.l
-it+.tion-. So3 .ltho+gh it i- tr+e th.t revi-ed r.te- .re nor1.ll, onl, .22li/.4le to the .ddition.l
*+.ntit,3 it i- (or the Engineer to .--e-- the 2.rti/+l.r -it+.tion .nd /ir/+1-t.n/e- -+rro+nding3
.nd to t.ke .ll (./tor- into /on-ider.tion in 1.king hi- deter1in.tion reg.rding the *+.nt+1 .nd
.22li/.4ilit, o( the ne) r.te- (i0ed +nder S+4>Cl.+-eD?.?. $or re(eren/e3 -ee 2.ge 1?7>1?8 o(
the $#"#C Red Book :+ide to the +-e o( the $#"#C Condition- o( Contr./t (or 7ork- o( Civil
Engineering Con-tr+/tion3 .nd 2le.-e note th.t the .4ove re2re-ent- . gener.l .n-)er onl,3
.nd -2e/i(i/ .dvi/e to the 2.rti/+l.r (./t- -+rro+nding ,o+r -it+.tion3 )e re/o11end th.t ,o+
/on-+lt . -2e/i.li-t.
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