SkyEdge I I

Inbound Overview
2
Agenda
IB Carrier Introduction
Configuration Parameters
Carrier Types
Time Frequency Plan (TFP)
DVB-RCS Benefits
Slot Types
Capacity Requests
ICM IB Adaptivity
3
Inbound
DVB-RCS Introduction
SkyEdge II Inbound Channel is based in DVB-RCS (EN 301 790)
Access Scheme based on dynamic MF-TDMA Multi-Frequency Time-Division
Multiple Access
The DVB-RCS standard defines Physical and Media Access Control (MAC)
levels of the satellite segment (OSI layers 1 and 2).
Modulation and Coding
Access Scheme
Capacity Request
Burst Formats
Timing
Synchronization
Etc.
4
Inbound Channel
Configuration Parameters
Modulation Schemes
QPSK
8PSK
Coding Scheme
Turbo Code
MODCODs Available
QPSK 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 6/7
8PSK 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 6/7
Es/No Dynamic range of 8.9 dB
5
Inbound Channel
MODCOD Es/No Threshold
Mode Code Es/No
QPSK 1/2 4.5
QPSK 2/3 5.9
QPSK 3/4 6.8
QPSK 4/5 7.1
QPSK 6/7 8.2
8PSK 2/3 10.7
8PSK 3/4 11.9
8PSK 4/5 12.7
8PSK 6/7 13.4
Dynamic Range 8.9 dB
6
Inbound Channel
Configuration Parameters
Symbol rates
128, 160, 192, 256, 320, 384, 512, 640, 832, 1024,1536, 2048, 2560 Ksps.
Roll off factor
0.20
Inbound BW as low as 153.6KHz (BW = 128 Ksps x 1.20)
Frequency
BW =Symbol Rate x (1 +Roll off Factor)
Amplitude
BW
7
SEII Inbound
Introduction
The IB carries all the transmissions from the VSATs including:
User Traffic
Initial Logon
Capacity Requests (Allocations requests)
Maintenance Information
Offers a Reliable communication link:
The MODCODs adaptation and reservation Access mechanisms permit
no error correction (no retransmissions are needed) on the IB
The IB Is composed of one or more physical channels that includes one
or more Carrier Types (CT)
8
Inbound Channel
Carrier Type CT
A Carrier Type (CT) is defined by its symbol rate and an arrangement of
slot types in a time frame
Up to four CTs can be configured per HSP
Slot Type (ST)
The ST Is defined by its MODCOD and relative bandwidth inside CT
Several ST can be configures in a CT (up to 8 ST per HSP)
Each HSP has its own Time and Frequency Plan (TFP)
9
Inbound Channel
Carrier Type Example
Carrier
Type
Symbol
Rate
Amount of
Channels
MODCOD MODCOD
composition
percentage
A 128 1 QPSK 1/2 100%
B 160 1 QPSK 3/4 100%
C 256 2 QPSK 3/4 50%
8PSK 6/7 50%
10
Inbound Channel
Carrier Type Example
Freq
Time
CT- B
CT- A
CT- C
CT- C
C
QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
QPSK
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
QPSK
QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK
C
A
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
QPSK
QPSK
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
QPSK
QPSK
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
8
P
S
K

6
/
7
QPSK
QPSK
11
Inbound Channel
Time Frequency Plan (TFP)
Stop Freq
Time
Q
6/7
Q 1/2 Q 1/2 Q 1/2 Q 1/2
Q
6/7
Q
6/7
Q
3/4
Q
6/7
Q
6/7
Q
6/7
Q
3/4
Q
3/4
Q 1/2 Q 1/2 Q 1/2 Q 1/2
Start Freq
The TFP specifies the layout and usage of the Inbound Carriers on a
constant period of time
TFP includes
Frequency Plan - list of Carriers Center frequencies and Symbol Rates
Time Plan - Carrier usage over a period of time (SuperFrame)
12
TFP is constructed to have a full repetition of a SuperFrame every 360 ms
Allocation is performed every 40ms and published to all the VSATs
Each allocation round is independent. Each allocation round generates its own
allocation table broadcasted to the network.
360 msec
SuperFrame
CSC SYN CSC SYN CSC SYN CSC SYN
Freq
CSC SYN
TRF TRF TRF TRF TRF TRF TRF TRF
TRF TRF TRF TRF TRF TRF TRF TRF
Superframe
40 msec
Allocation Round
Time
Time Frequency Plan (TFP)
Time Structure
13
Time Frequency Plan (TFP)
Time Slot Types
The Time-Frequency Plan (TFP) is composed of 3 slot types:
Logon Burst (CSC- Common Signaling Channel) slot
Initial Logon
Synchronization (SYNC) slot
Maintenance (Es/No report about the OB)
SAC (Satellite Access Control) field for capacity requests
Traffic (TRF) slot
User Data
SAC field (capacity request as piggybacking)
Stop
Freq
Time
TRF
Q
6/7
TRF
Q 1/2
TRF
Q
6/7
TRF
Q
6/7
TRF
Q
3/4
TRF
Q
6/7
TRF
Q
6/7
TRF
Q
6/7
TRF
Q
3/4
TRF
Q
3/4
Start
Freq
C
S
S
S
S
S
S
TRF
Q 1/2
TRF
Q 1/2
TRF
Q 1/2
TRF
Q 1/2
TRF
Q 1/2
TRF
Q 1/2
TRF
Q 1/2
TRF
Q 1/2
TRF
Q 1/2
C
Slots of different
types on the same
carrier are
multiplexed in
time in each CT
14
Slot Types
CSC - Logon Burst Slot
Logon Burst (CSC) slot
Carries VSAT initial network Logon
It is used in contention;
collisions may occur
The recommended default is to have one CSC per VSAT with a 10 second
interval (sizing spreadsheet)
CSC MODCOD
The CSC slots are located in the most robust CT using the most robust
MODCOD
If the most robust MODCOD uses 8PSK as the modulation scheme, then
the system will define QPSK 6/7 as the MODCOD for the CSC slots
15
Slot Types
CSC - Logon Burst Slot
CSC Burst includes:
Preamble for burst detection and CRC
VSAT information
VSAT initial identification (VSAT ID)
VSAT
Capab.
VSAT
ID
Rand.
VSAT
Capab.
Rand.
VSAT
ID
CSC Burst (16 bytes)
16
Slot Types
Sync - Maintenance Slot
Sync slots are used for:
Time, frequency and power maintenance
Initial capacity request
Transfer information about the received Es/No readings
VSAT Capability
Each logged on VSAT is allocated a Sync slot per second
Sync MODCOD
The Sync will be located at the most robust CT using the most robust
MODCOD
If most robust MODCOD uses 8PSK as the modulation scheme, then the
system will define QPSK 6/7 as the MODCOD for the Sync slots
17
Slot Types
Sync - Maintenance Slot
SYNC burst includes
Preamble for burst detection
Satellite Access Control (SAC) for capacity requests.
SYNC slot is 16 bytes
18
Slot Types
TRF - Traffic Slot
The TRF (Traffic) slot contains ATM cells that carry user data
Each Backbone packet is encapsulated over the ATM cells by AAL5 (RFC 2684)
Each TRF burst contains 1, 2 or 4 ATM cells. The default is 2.
TRF burst consists of:
Preamble for receiver detection
SAC (Satellite Access Control) field
Used for piggybacked capacity requests
2 ATM Cell
Each ATM cell carries 48 user traffic bytes (out of a total of 53 bytes)
19
618 Bytes
Data Padding Trailer
600 Bytes
618 Bytes
48 48 48
48 5
SAC Preamble ATM Cell ATM Cell
48
Slot Types
TRF - Traffic Slot
IP
ATM
TRF Slot
Backbone
AAL5
20
Slot Types
TRF - Traffic Slot
SAC (Satellite Access Control) = 4 Bytes
Used for piggy backed capacity requests
ATM cell = 53 bytes
(incl. 5 byte header)
FEC applied and FEC bits added after scrambling
Guard
Guard
Preamble Used
for burst detection
and acquisition
TRF Burst
ATM Cell
ATM Cell
21
Gilat SEII IB
Benefits
Uses multiple MODCODS
Supports robust slot for fade mitigation
Supports more efficient slots to take advantage of better weather
conditions
Uses multiple Carrier Types
Yields better satellite utilization
Eliminates the need for additional carrier
22
DVB-RCS Tables
Service Information (SI) Tables
SkyEdge II uses the DVB-S2 Outbound (forward link) to transmit all
relevant SI tables to define:
Satellite Position
Time-Frequency plan for Inbound channels
Frequency, power and time corrections
VSAT logon slots allocation
Individual VSAT parameters
Capacity/BW Allocation
Etc.
23
Test Your Knowledge
1. Name the slot types in the TFP___________________________________
2. How many allocation cycles are in a SuperFrame?___________________
3. Which type slots carries capacity requests? _____________________________
4. How many CT can be configured per HSP?______________________________
5. Calculate the required channel bandwidth for a carrier with symbol rate of 512
Ksps. ___________________________________________________________
6. What is the user data size in each TRF? ________________________________
7. How many MODCODs can be configured in a CT?________________________
8. What is a CSC slot? _______________________________________________
9. What is carried by the Sync slot?
A._________________ B.__________________C._______________________
SkyEdge II
Capacity Allocation Methods
25
Bandwidth Allocation Methods
BW Allocation
Methods
Request / Priority Unsolicited
Rate RBDC
(Rate Based Dynamic
Capacity)
C2P (VoIP)
AC (Admission Control)
ABS (Absolute)
High/Medium/Low
(Flywheel included here)
Volume VBDC
(Volume Based
Dynamic Capacity)
or
AVBDC
(Absolute Volume
Based Dynamic
Capacity)
ABS (Absolute) FCD
(Free Capacity
Distribution)
High/Medium/Low
26
Rate Allocation Methods
Rate Based Dynamic Capacity (RBDC)
RBDC - Rate Based Capacity Request
Rate based capacity requests originated by the VSAT
Granularity of 2Kbps
A RBDC request is issued every 200 msec per priority
The VSAT refreshes AC, Abs and H, M,L requests once per second
Full multi-frequency allocation (even across different CTs)
Prioritization by IB QoS mechanisms
C2P (VoIP) priority / AC (Admission Control) priority
Abs (Absolute) priority
High, Medium or Low flow priority
Used for Managed Multimedia Application (VoIP, Video), Trunk Mode (for
ABIS), CBR Applications and general non TCP traffic.
27
Rate Allocation Methods
RBDC Priority Levels
C2P (Connection Control Protocol)
AC (Admission Control) priority
Absolute, low jitter, low delay rate based requests Guaranteed bit rate
allocation (explicit grant or reject)
Minimum jitter capacity request by uniform allocations in the SuperFrame
(not more than 10 ms difference)
Highest priority in the system
28
Rate Allocation Methods
RBDC Priority Levels
Abs (Absolute) Priority
Guaranteed rate based allocation requests
Priority used by the VSAT for allocation requests up to the CIR value
High, Medium and Low priorities
Weighted fair sharing rate based priority requests
Neither rate nor jitter guaranteed
Priority used by the VSAT for allocations up to the MIR value
Configurable on the DiffServ queues
29
Rate Allocation Methods
RBDC Sources Requests
Managed VoIP Applications
Use C2P requests
Applications included in this criteria are detected and locally managed by the
VSAT application layers
Automatic SIP recognition
30
Rate Allocation Methods
RBDC Sources Requests
Trunk Traffic (SkyAbis Solution)
Use AC RBDC allocation request
Abis traffic is dynamically measured for required satellite demand and low
jitter
Trunk Mode parameter should be enabled and specific configuration is
required in the VSAT
31
Rate Allocation Methods
RBDC Sources Requests
CBR (Constant Bit Rate)
Allocates a fixed CBR to the VSATs
Used for any application that requires strict CBR
Uses an Absolute RBDC allocation request
Must be preconfigured on the VSAT
Requested immediately after logon
32
Rate Allocation Methods
RBDC Sources Requests
Non TCP traffic
Used for Raw-IP and any UDP applications (TFTP, file-sharing, ICMP, etc.)
Up to CIR, use Abs RBDC allocation request
After CIR reached, use Low, Medium or High RBDC request
The HSP allocated BW according need and overall network demand
It is configurable by DiffServ VSAT queue configuration
33
Rate Allocation Methods
Traffic Sense Flywheel
Flywheel Mechanism
One of the heuristics mechanism employed in SEII
It is a rate based allocation mechanism that shortens response time
The mechanism is based on the assumption that an active VSAT will soon
need to transmit more traffic even if its DRPP queues are currently empty
When any traffic that passes through the VSAT, the flywheel mechanism
will be set for three seconds (but not before the DRPP queues are empty)
The three seconds are hard coded
The flywheel request is configurable in the VSAT by 2 Kbps steps
Flywheel may be totally disabled
Flywheel uses a Low RBDC request
34
Volume Allocation Methods
Volume Based Dynamic Capacity (VBDC)
VBDC Volume Based Dynamic Capacity
It is a volume based capacity allocation dynamically requested by the VSAT
The VBDC request is issued every 100 msec for the total amount of traffic
which accumulated since last VBDC (only the newly added traffic)
Prioritization by IB QoS mechanisms
Abs (Absolute) priority
Low, Medium or High priority
It is used for TCP type Traffic
AVBDC Absolute Volume Based Dynamic Capacity requests
This is a health mechanism used for recovery
This request type overwrite and replaces all previous VBDC requests
AVBDC is sent after timeout interval during which none of the VSATs
VBDC requests were not allocated
35
Rate Allocation Methods
VBDC Sources Requests
TCP Traffic
FTP, HTTP, Telnet, POP3, SMTP, etc.
Up to CIR, use Abs VBDC/ AVBDC allocation requests
After CIR is reached, use Low, Medium or High VBDC/AVBDC requests
The HSP allocated BW according need and overall network demand
It is configurable by DiffServ VSAT queue configuration
36
Free Capacity Distribution (FCD)
FCD - Free Capacity Distribution Mechanism
One of the heuristics mechanism employed in SEII
It is a unsolicited volume based capacity allocation that assigns the
unused capacity
The mechanism is based on the assumption that some unused capacity
can remain after all pending capacity requests have been processed
Allocated by the HSP without any request or signaling from the VSATs
The HSP allocates a configurable number of slots equally to each VSATs in
round robin manner
The Free Capacity is distributed equally by the Hub to:
All on-line VSATs
or
All idle VSATs
Inbound Adaptivity
38
ICM 3 Dimensions of Adaptivity
Multiple Dimensions of IB Adaptivity
Adaptive channel rate selection (ICM 1D)
Each VSAT is allocated the appropriate symbol rate
Adaptive MODCOD selection (ICM 2D)
Each VSAT is allocated the best possible MODCOD from the plan
Adaptive Uplink Power Control (ICM 3D)
The BUC output power is increased or decreased based on the received
signal
39
Multi-Channel Selection
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Freq
Time
Q Q
256ks/s
128ks/s
Q Q Q Q
Multi-Channel selection permits the adaptation of Symbol rates
All carriers have their own symbol rate
Known also as ICM (IB Coding Modulation) 1D
40
MODCOD Allocation
TRF are allocated on a more robust or more efficient MODCOD within
same or even different channels of different Symbol Rates
Symbol rate and MODCOD division optimized per network:
Different coverage areas
Different VSAT capabilities / throughput requirements
Known also as ICM (IB Coding Modulation) 2D
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
Freq
Time
Q Q
256ks/s
256ks/s
Q Q Q Q
8

8
6
/
7
8

8
6
/
7
8

8
6
/
7
8

256ks/s
1.1dB 4.3dB 1.3dB Gain per change
41
Power Loop
Also known as Power Adaptive Coding Modulation (P-ACM) or Known also
as ICM (IB Coding Modulation) 3D
Remote Unit includes Linear BUC with adaptive power control
The VSAT can increase TX power as the link faces fade conditions
The VSAT determines its 1dB compression point and adapts TX power to
changing link conditions so that transmissions are received at a fixed level at
the satellite
When weather conditions worsen the VSAT first increases TX power until
reaches its limit, then robust MODCODs are used
Received E
S
/N
0
(in OB to VSAT)
SYNC bursts
(every second)
Decision to
increase/
decrease
42
Power Loop
The Power loop compensates for:
Rain fade
Static attenuation (such as cable)
Satellite location offset and aging
Temperature and frequency effects on BUC gain
The BUC Saturation point is discovered by the Power Loop mechanism once
per hour
The VSAT increases SYNC bursts TX power and receives SYNC reception
power readings from the hub until saturation is reached
Saturation: TX power increase doesnt fully translate into Rx power increase
The Power loop is maintain used the Sync slots every second
During the Power loop process, TRF Transmission power is not affected
43
Test Your Knowledge
1. Which allocation mechanism is guaranteed?____________________________
2. Describe two differences between Volume based and Rate Based Capacity
Requests
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Describe the Flywheel mechanism ____________________________________
4. What is AVBDC requests used for?____________________________________
5. How does the VSAT learn the Saturation point of the BUC?
__________________________________________________________________
6. Can the same VSAT be allocated on a efficient or robust MODCODs in
different CT?
__________________________________________________________________
44
The End