1. ANOVA involves comparing the variance between treatment groups to the variance within treatment groups. This is done by calculating the sum of squares between groups (SSbetween) and the sum of squares within groups (SSwithin).
2. The data presented is from an experiment with 3 temperature conditions (90°F, 70°F, and 50°F) and a total of 15 participants. SSbetween, SSwithin, and the total sum of squares (SStotal) are calculated.
3. The F-ratio, which is the ratio of variance between and within groups, is then computed. An F-ratio greater than the critical value (in this case 3.18) would lead to a rejection of
Original Description:
Analysis of Variance study guide for social science statistics (testing for three or more groups)
1. ANOVA involves comparing the variance between treatment groups to the variance within treatment groups. This is done by calculating the sum of squares between groups (SSbetween) and the sum of squares within groups (SSwithin).
2. The data presented is from an experiment with 3 temperature conditions (90°F, 70°F, and 50°F) and a total of 15 participants. SSbetween, SSwithin, and the total sum of squares (SStotal) are calculated.
3. The F-ratio, which is the ratio of variance between and within groups, is then computed. An F-ratio greater than the critical value (in this case 3.18) would lead to a rejection of
1. ANOVA involves comparing the variance between treatment groups to the variance within treatment groups. This is done by calculating the sum of squares between groups (SSbetween) and the sum of squares within groups (SSwithin).
2. The data presented is from an experiment with 3 temperature conditions (90°F, 70°F, and 50°F) and a total of 15 participants. SSbetween, SSwithin, and the total sum of squares (SStotal) are calculated.
3. The F-ratio, which is the ratio of variance between and within groups, is then computed. An F-ratio greater than the critical value (in this case 3.18) would lead to a rejection of
ANOVA Steps and Notation Given the following hypothetical data from an experiment examining learning performance under three temperature conditions Temperature Conditions ! " # $% 70 90 0 4 1 &' " (!%) 1 3 2 G = 30 3 6 2 N = 15 1 3 0 k = 3 0 4 0 * ! ( $ * " ( "% * # ( $ SS ! ( ) SS " ( ) SS # ( + n ! ( $ n " ( $ n # ( $ ,,, ' ! ( ! ,,, ' " ( + ,,, ' # ( ! *he letter - identifies the num.er of treatment conditions (the num.er of levels of the factor) *he num.er of scores in each treatment is identified .y a lowercase letter n *he total num.er of scores in the entire study is specified .y a capital letter N *he total (&') for each treatment condition is identified .y the capital letter * *he sum of all the scores in the research study (the grand total) is identified .y G/ 0ou can compute G .y adding up all of the N scores or .y adding up the treatment totals G ( &* *he final calculation for ANOVA is the 12ratio which is composed of two variances 1 ( variance .etween treatments variance within treatments sample variance ( s " ( SS df Recall that SS ( &' " 3 (&') " N Total Sum of Squares, SS total SS total ( &' " 3 G "
N 4n our example5 we have SS total ( !%) 3 #% "
!$ ( +) Within-Treatments Sum of Squares, SS within SS within ( &SS inside each treatment SS within ( ) 6 ) 6 + ( !) Between-Treatments Sum of Squares, SS between SS .etween ( &(* " 7n) 3 G " 7N SS .etween ( $ " 7$ 6 "% " 7$ 6 $ " 7$ 2 #% " 7!$ ( $ 6 8% 6 $ 3 )% ( 9% 3 )% ( #% *o verify our analysis5 chec- to see that the two components add up to the total/ SS total ( SS .etween 6 SS within +) ( #% 6 !) Total Derees of !reedom, df total df total ( N 3 ! df total ( !$ 3 ! ( !+ Within-Treatments Derees of !reedom, df within df within ( &(n 3 !) ( &df in each treatment df within ( N 3 - df within ( !$ 3 # ( !" Between-Treatments Derees of !reedom, df between df .etween ( - 3 ! df .etween ( # 3 ! ( " *he two parts we o.tained from this analysis of degrees of freedom add up to e:ual the total degrees of freedom df total ( df within 6 df .etween
!+ ( !" 6 " ;S (variance) ( s " ( SS df ;S .etween ( s .etween " ( SS .etween ( #%7" ( !$ df .etween ;S within ( s within " ( SS within ( !)7!" ( !/## df within 1 ( ;S .etween ;S within 1 ( !$7!/## ( !!/"8 *hen it is useful to organi<e the results in a ta.le called ANOVA summary ta.le Source SS df ;S =etween treatments #% " !$ 1 ( !!/"8 >ithin treatments !) !" !/## *otal +) !+ ?ypothesis testing with ANOVA Given the data @lace.o Arug A Arug = Arug B % ! # C N ( "% " + ) # G ( )% % ! + $ &' " ( ")" % ! # ) # # + + * ( $ * ( !% * ( "% * ( "$ SS ( 8 SS ( 8 SS ( ) SS ( !% ? % D ! ( D " ( D # ( D +
? a At least one of the treatment means is different >e will use E ( /%$ a/ Analy<e the SS to o.tain SS .etween and SS within ./ Fse the SS values and the df values to calculate the two variances5 ;S .etween and ;S within
c/ 1inally5 use the two ;S values (variances) to compute the 12ratio *he 12ratio for these data have df ( #5 !) Note that an 12ratio larger than #/"+ reGects the null (in this pro.lem)