MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION ACTION

MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION

Gluteus Maximus Ilium, sacrum, coccyx Iliotibial tract, tuberosity of
femur
Inferior gluteal nerve Extension, lateral rotation of
hip, knee extension
Gluteus Medius Ilium Femur- lateral surface of
greater trochanter
Superior gluteal nerve Abduction of hip, medial
rotation of thigh
Gluteus Minimus Ilium Femur- anterior surface of
greater trochanter
Superior gluteal nerve Abduction of hip, medial
rotation of hip
Piriformis Anterior surface of S2, S3,
S4
Femur- upper border of
greater trochanter
S1, S2 Lateral rotation of thigh
Gemellus Superior Spine of ischium Tendon of obturator internus Obturatior internus
nerve
Lateral rotation of thigh
Gemellus Inferior Superior margin of ischial
tuberosity
Tendon of obturator internus Quadratus femoris
nerve
Lateral rotation of thigh
Quadratus Femoris Ischial tuberosity Femur- quadrate tubercle
intertochanter crest
Sacral plexus Lateral rotation of thigh
Obturator Infernus Obturator membrane With gamelli to greater
trochanter
Obturator internus
nerve
Lateral rotation of thigh
Tensor fascia lata Iliac crest Iliotibial tract Superior gluteal nerve Assist gluteal maximus in knee
extension
MUSCLES OF ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH
Sartorius Anterior superior iliac spine Tibial shaft Femoral nerve Hip flexion, abduction, lateral
rotation of thigh
Pectineus Pubis- superior ramus Femur- linea aspera below
lesser trochanter
Femoral nerve Flexion & abduction of thigh
Psoas T12-L5 Femur- lesser trochanter Branches from lumbar
plexus
Flexion of thigh on trunk;
medial rotation of hip
Iliacus Iliac fossa Tendon of psoas Femoral nerve Flexion of thigh on trunk;
medial rotation of hip
Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus Femoris Straight head- as is
reflected head- ilium
Patella Femoral nerve Extension of knee, hip flexion
Vastus Lateralis Femur- base of greater
trochanter
Patella Femoral nerve Knee extension
Vastus Medialis Femur- intertrochanter line Patella Femoral nerve Knee extension, stabilizes the
patella
Vastus Intermedius Femur- anterior/lateral
surface of shaft
Patella Femoral nerve Knee extension
MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH
Gracilis Pubis- inferior ramus
Ischium- ramus
Tibial- medial surface of shaft Obturator nerve Adduction of thigh; knee
flexion
Adductor Longus Pubis- body & tubercle Femur- medial lip of linea
aspera
Obturator nerve Adduction of thigh; lateral
rotation
Adductor Brevis Pubis inferior ramus Linea aspera Obturator nerve Adduction of thigh; lateral
rotation
Adductor Magnus Pubis- inferior ramus
Ischium- ramus
Ischial tuberosity
Adductor femur- posterior
Hamstring femur- medial
codyle
Obturator nerve
Sciatic nerve
Adduction of thigh; extension
of thigh
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH (HAMSTRING)
Biceps Femoris LH: ischial tuberosity
SH: linea aspera
Head of fibula LH: Tibial portion of
sciatic nerve
SH: Common peronial-
sciatic nerve
Flexion & lateral rotation of
thigh
Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Medial surface of tibial shaft Sciatic nerve Flexion of knee & medial
rotation of thigh
Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Tibia- medial condyle Sciatic nerve Flexion & medial rotation of
thigh
Adductor Magnus Ischial tuberosity Adductor tubercle of femur Sciatic nerve Extends thigh at hip joint
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
Tibialis Anterior Tibia- upper half lateral
surface interosseus
membrane
Medial cuneiform, 1
st

metacarpal
Deep peroneal nerve Dorsiflexion of foot
Extensor Digitorum
Longus
Upper 2/3 of fibula,
interosseus membrane
calcaneum
Extensor expansion
(medial/distal phalanges)
Deep peroneal nerve Extension of toes, dorsiflexion
Extensor Digitorum
Brevis
Calcaneum Proximal phalanx of big toe,
extensor expansion of lat. toes
Deep peroneal nerve Extension of toes, dorsiflexion
Peroneus Tertius Lower fibula, interosseus
membrane
Medial side of dorsal aspect of
5
th
metacarpal
Deep peroneal nerve Eversion of foot, dorsiflexion
Extensor Hallucis
Longus
Fibula- mid half, anterior
surface
Base distal phalanx of big toe Deep peroneal nerve Extension of big toe, inversion
of foot
MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
Peroneus Longus Upper 2/3 lateral surface of
fibula
Medial cuneiform, base of 1
st

metacarpal
Superficial peroneal
nerve
Plantar flexion, eversion of
foot
Peroneus Brevis Lower 2/3 lateral surface of
fibula
Tubercle of base of 5
th

metacarpal
Superficial peroneal
nerve
Plantar flexion, eversion of
foot
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR FASCIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
Superficial
Gastrocnemius Femur- lateral & medial
condyle
Tendocalcaneus Tibial nerve Plantar flexion, knee flexion,
ankle extension
Plantaris Femur- lateral
supracondylar ridge
Calcaneum- posterior surface Tibial nerve Plantar flexion, knee flexion
Soleus Tibia- soleal line, posterior
Fibula- upper posterior
Tendocalcaneus Tibial nerve Plantar flexion raise- heel off
ground in walking
Deep
Popliteal Femur- lateral condyle Tibia- posterior surface above
soleal line
Tibial nerve Medial rotation of tibia &
femur
Flexor Digitorum
Longus
Tibia- medial part posterior
surface below soleal line
Base of the distal phalanges Tibial nerve Flexion of distal phalanges
Flexor Hallucis Longus Fubula- lower 2/3 posterior
surface
Base distal phalanx of big toe Tibial nerve Flexion of distal phalanx of big
toe
Tibialis Posterior Tibia- lateral part posterior
surface, interosseus
membrane
Fibula- upper posterior
surface
Tuberosity- navicular bone Tibial nerve Plantar flexion, inversion of
foot
MUSCLES OF THE FOOT
1
st
layer
Abductor Hallucis Calcaneum Proximal phalanx of big toe Medial plantar nerve Abduction, flexion of big toe
Flexor Digitorum
Longus
Calcaneum Medial border
Middle phalanx of 4 lateral
toes
Medial plantar nerve Flexion of 4 lateral toes
Abductor Digiti Minimi Calcaneum Proximal phalanx of 5
th
toe Medial plantar nerve Flexion, abduction of 5
th
toe
2
nd
layer
Quadratus Plantae
(Flexor Accessories)
Medial/lateral side of
calcaneum
Flexor digitorum longus
tendon
Lateral plantar nerve Flexion of 4 lateral toes
Lumbricals Flexor digitorum longus
tendon
Extensor digitorum longus
tendon, proximal phalanges
1
st
Medial plantar
nerve
Lateral: Lateral plantar
nerve
Extension of toes at IP joint
when flexor digitorum longus,
extend toes
Flexor Digitorum
Longus Tendon

Flexor Hallucis Longus
Tendon

3
rd
layer
Flexor Hallucis Brevis Cuboid/lateral cuneiform Proximal phalanx of big toe Medial plantar nerve Flexion at MTP joint
Adductor Hallucis 2
nd
- 4
th
metacarpal plantar
ligament
Proximal phalanx of big toe Lateral plantar nerve Flexion of MTP joint of big toe,
holds MT together
Flexor Digiti Minimi
Brevis
Base of 5
th
metacarpal Lateral side of proximal
phalanx of 5
th
toe
Lateral plantar nerve Flexion of MTP joint of 5
th
toe
4
th
layer
Interossei Dorsal (4) Metatarsal Bases of proximal phalanx Lateral plantar nerve Abduction of toes, flexion of
MTP joints, extends IP joints
Plantar (3) Metatarsal Inferior surface 3
rd
-5
th

metacarpal
Lateral plantar nerve Adducts toes, flexion of MTP
joints, extension of IP joints