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Personal Assignment 1

Week 1
Your name: Cenie Bety Greditasari
Answer all questions.
1. What are Software Engineering description ?
2. What are the fundamental activities that are common to all software
processes?
3. Why are iterations usually limited when the waterfall model is used?
. What are the three !enefits of incremental development" compared to the
waterfall model?
#. What are the advantages of using incremental development and delivery?
$. What are the si% fundamental !est practices in the &'(?
Answer)
1. *omputer Software engineers are responsi!le for the design and development of software
applications. *omputer software engineers create and design new software" applying
theoretical principles of computing and mathematics in order to analy+e" test and assess
software systems. ,he duties and tas-s involved in this line of wor- are constantly
changing due to evolving technology and changing !usiness needs. Software engineers
evaluate and document user needs !efore designing and testing new software to meet
those needs. ,his may involve analy+ing and developing flow charts" models" diagrams
and algorithms that instruct computers on what tas-s to e%ecute. ,here are two main
categories of software engineering) applications and systems. Applications software
engineers create" maintain and deploy software applications that fulfill various computing
tas-s for end users. .ifferent programming languages are used for this type of wor-.
Systems software engineers wor- on coordinating the construction" e%pansion and
maintenance of an entire computer system. ,his may involve setting up a company
intranet" ordering and installing software" and providing technical input and suggestions
Software Engineer Job Summary
/ost employers give preference to applicants with a degree in computer science"
software engineering or computer information systems" as well as relevant wor-
e%perience.
*ertification gives 0o! applicants a competitive advantage and more employment
opportunities.
Since computer technology is constantly changing" many wor-ers ta-e continuing
education courses to -eep their s-ills updated.
According to the '.S. 1ureau of 2a!or Statistics 312S4" employment in this field is
e%pected to grow much faster than the average through 2516.
Work Enironment for Com!uter Software Engineers
/ost computer software engineers wor- in well7lighted" clean" temperature7controlled
offices that house computer equipment. ,he ma0ority of them wor- 5 or more hours per
wee-. Wor-7related in0uries are rare in this occupation8 however" since computer
software engineers sit in front of computer screens and type for long periods of time" they
may e%perience !ac- pain" eyestrain or carpal tunnel syndrome.
.ue to the nature of their wor-" many software engineers are a!le to telecommute. ,ravel
may !e required for those wor-ing for software consulting firms in order to meet with
clients.
"ow to Be#ome a Software Engineer
Employers generally loo- for applicants that hold a !achelor9s degree in computer
science"software engineering" computer information systems or a related field. :or
positions that involve more comple% wor-" employers may prefer individuals who hold
a software engineering graduate degree. *omputer applications that require -nowledge of
science and engineering may necessitate a degree in mathematics" physical science or
engineering. Some computer software engineers may also need speciali+ed -nowledge
and s-ills directly related to the industry in which they wor-.
2. ,he fundamental activities that are common to all software processes)
a. Specification
Specification is ,he process of understanding and defining what services what
services are required from the system and identifying the constraints on the system
operation and development.;t is a critical stage$ !ecause any error in this stage will
lead to later pro!lems in system design and implementation.&equirements are usually
presented in 2 levels of detail" high level statement for end users and customers" full
detailed for system developers. ,here are main activities in the requirements
engineering process
%easibility study
An estimate is made whether the identified user needs may!e satisfied using the
current software and hardware technologies. ,he study sees whether it would !e
cost7effective from a !usiness point of view and if it could !e developed within
!udget constraints. ;t should !e quic- and cheap.
&e'uirements eli#itation and analysis
A process of deriving the system requirements through o!servation of e%isting
systems" discussions of potential users" and tas- analysis. ,his may involve
development of models and prototypes.
&e'uirement s!e#ifi#ation
,he activity of translating the information gathered during the analysis activity
into a document defines a set of requirements. 2 types are included) user
requirements and system requirements.
&e'uirement alidation
*hec-s the requirements for realism" consistency" and completeness.
!. .evelopment
,he implementation stage is the process of converting the system specifications into
an e%ecuta!le system. ;t always involves the process of software design and
programming. A software design is a description of the structure of the software to !e
implemented" interfaces !etween system components and sometimes algorithm used.
,hese are activities that may !e part of the design process for information systems)
Ar#(ite#tural )esign
;dentify the structure of the system8 the components and their relationships.
*nterfa#e )esign
.efine the interface !etween system components.
Com!onent )esign
When you ta-e each system component and design how will it operate.
)atabase )esign
where you design the system data structures and how these to !e represented in a
data!ase. ,he wor- here depends whether a data!ase would !e reused or a new
one would !e created.
c. <alidation
<alidation is intended to show that a system !oth conforms to its specifications and
meets the user e%pectations. ,his involves testing stages)
)eelo!ment +esting
,he components ma-ing up the system are tested. Each tested independently.
System +esting
*omponents are integrated to create complete system or su!systems. ,his process
is concerned with finding errors which may occur as a result of interactions
!etween components.
A##e!tan#e +esting
Sometimes called alpha testing. ,his is the final stage" where the customer tests
the system with his own data rather than with a simulated data.
d. Evolution
Evolution is the maintenance of the system.
3. ;terations usually limited when the waterfall model is used !ecause ,he
waterfall model is a document7driven model with documents produced at the
end of each phase. 1ecause of the cost of producing and approving
documents" iterations and costly and involve significant rewor-. =ence they
are limited.
. ,he three !enefits of incremental development" compared to the waterfall
model )
,he cost of accommodating changes to customer requirements is
reduced.
;t is easier to get customer feed!ac- on development wor- that has !een
done
/ore rapid delivery and deployment of useful software to the customer is
possi!le
#. ,he advantages of using incremental development and delivery are)
Early delivery of critical functionality to the customer
Early increments serve as prototypes to e%plore require
2ower ris- of overall pro0ect failure
/ore e%tensive testing of critical customer functionality
$. ,he si% fundamental !est practices in the &'( are)
.evelop software iteratively
/anage requirements
'se component7!ased architectures
<isually model software
<erify software quality
*ontrol changes to software

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