Atoms , Molecules & Stoichiometric ( STPM 2011 & 2012 )

All prepared by alextan58@gmail.com

Objective questions
Q1 ( STPM 2011 )
Urea , (NH
2
)
2
CO , is a chemical fertilizer which decomposes into carbon dioxide and
ammonia gas in the presence of water . Calculate the number of gas molecules
released when 5.0 g of urea decomposes completely in water .
[ The relative atomic masses of H , C , N and O are 1.0 , 12.0 , 14.0 and 16.0
respectively ; Avogadro constant is 6.0 10
23
mol
-1
]
A . 5.0 10
23

B. 1.0 10
23

C. 1.5 10
23

D. 2.0 10
23

Answer : C
Calculations
(NH
2
)
2
CO (l) + H
2
O (l) CO
2
(g) + 2NH
3
(g)
Number of moles of urea =

( ) ( )

=

mol
Number of moles of gas molecules = 3

mol
= 0.25 mol
Number of gas molecules = moles Avogadro constant
= 0.25 6.0 10
23

= 1.5 10
23









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Atoms , Molecules & Stoichiometric ( STPM 2011 & 2012 )
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Q2 ( STPM 2012 )
Carbon-12 isotope is used as a standard to determine the atomic mass of an element .
Which statement about carbon-12 is true ?
A. Its relative isotopic mass is 12.01 .
B. It is volatile under normal conditions .
C. It is the most stable isotope of carbon
D. It has different number of electron , proton and neutron .
Answer : C
Extra !!!
(i) STPM 1990 E :
Explain why
12
C is used as a standard in determining relative atomic mass .
(ii) STPM 1992 S :
Explain why carbon-12 replaced oxygen as a standard in the determination of
relative atomic mass .
Answer :
Carbon is the most common element found in nature .
Carbon-12 is the most stable isotope .










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Atoms , Molecules & Stoichiometric ( STPM 2011 & 2012 )
All prepared by alextan58@gmail.com
Q3 ( STPM 2012 )
The mass spectrum for a diatomic gas W
2
is given below .




Which statement(s) is/are true of the gas ?
1. The relative atomic mass of W is 80 .
2. The element W has 2 isotopes with an abundance that is almost the same .
3. The peak at the mass/charge ratio of 162 is produced by
81
W
2
+
ion .
Answer : 1 , 2 , 3
Explanation
Since m/e 160 has the highest peak , thus the relative atomic mass of W is 80 .
The peak for m/e 158 & 162 have similar height , thus they have similar
abundance .
2 81 = 162 , thus it is produced by
81
W
2
+
ion .











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Atoms , Molecules & Stoichiometric ( STPM 2011 & 2012 )
All prepared by alextan58@gmail.com
Structured & Essays Question
Question 1 ( STPM 2011 E )
A halide of phosphorus has a boiling point of 76
o
C . In vapour state , it exists as a
trigonal pyramidal molecule . It produces white fumes on exposure to air . When
8.25 g of the halide is dissolved in water , the resulting solution requires 150 cm
3
of
0.400 mol dm
-3
silver nitrate solution for complete precipitation .
Determine the identity of the halide ion . [5m]
Answer :
AgNO
3
(aq) + X
-
(aq) AgX (s) + NO
3
-
(aq)
Number of moles of AgNO
3
=

=
( ) ( )


= 0.06 mol
From the equation ,
Number of moles of halide ions ( X
-
) = number of moles of AgNO
3

= 0.06 mol
*Trigonal pyramidal = PX
3

Number of moles of the halide of phosphorus (PX
3
) =

0.06
= 0.02 mol
Number of moles =



0.02 =



RMM of PX
3
= 412.5
( 31.0 ) + 3 ( RAM of element X ) = 412.5
RAM of element X = 127.1
Thus , X is iodine .








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Atoms , Molecules & Stoichiometric ( STPM 2011 & 2012 )
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Question 2 ( STPM 2012 S )
Calculate the volume of 0.0100 mol dm
-3
sodium hydroxide solution needed to
neutralize a solution containing 1.00 10
-3
mol of chlorine . [2m]
Answer :
Cl
2
(g) + H
2
O (l) HCl (aq) + HOCl (aq)
Number of moles of H
+
ion produced = 2 number of moles of chlorine
= 2 1.00 10
-3
= 2.00 10
-3
mol
Number of moles of OH
-
ions = Number of moles of H
+
ion
= 2.00 10
-3
mol

= 2.00 10
-3
mol

( ) ()

= 2.00 10
-3
mol
= 200 cm
3

Thus , the volume of NaOH is 200 cm
3
.















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Atoms , Molecules & Stoichiometric ( STPM 2011 & 2012 )
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Question 3 ( STPM 2012 E )
(a) Argon consists of 3 isotopes .
(i) Explain the meaning of the term isotope . [1m]
Answer :
It is the atom of an element with same proton number but different in
nucleon numbers .
(ii) A naturally occurring argon consists of 0.34%
36
Ar , 0.07%
38
Ar and 99.59%
40
Ar . Calculate the relative atomic mass of a naturally occurring argon . [3m]
Answer :
Relative atomic mass of argon

=
( )( )( )

= 39.99
(b) A sample of carbon with relative atomic mass 12.01112 consists of 2 isotopes
12
C
and
13
C .
(i) Define proton number and nucleon number . [2m]
Answer :
Proton number : It is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom .
Nucleon number : It is the total number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom .








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Atoms , Molecules & Stoichiometric ( STPM 2011 & 2012 )
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(ii) What is the proton number , nucleon number , number of electrons and number
of neutrons of
12
C and
13
C isotopes ? [2m]
Answer :
Isotope Proton
number
Nucleon
number
Number of
electrons
Number of
neutrons
12
C 6 12 6 6
13
C 6 13 6 7

(iii) Calculate the percentage abundance of
12
C and
13
C isotopes to 2 decimal places .
[3m]
Answer :
Let the percentage abundance of
12
C be a % .
Let the percentage abundance of
13
C be (100 a) % .
RAM = 12.01112

() ()

= 12.01112
a = 98.89%
Percentage abundance of
12
C = 98.89 %
Percentage abundance of
13
C = (100 98.89)%
= 1.11 %






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