Chapter 4 Problems

1, 2, 3 = straightforward, intermediate,
challenging
= full solution available in Student Solutions
Manual/Study Guide
= co ached solution
with hints available at www.cp7e.com
= biomedical application
Section 4.1 Forces
Section 4.2 Newtons First Law
Section 4.3 Newtons Second Law
Section 4.4 Newtons hird Law
1. A 6.0-kg object undergoes an
acceleration of 2.0 ms
2
. !a" #hat is the
magnitude of the resultant force acting on it$ !b"
%f this same force is applied to a &.0-kg object,
what acceleration is produced$
2. A football punter accelerates a football
from rest to a speed of '0 ms during the time in
which his toe is in contact with the ball !about
0.20 s". %f the football has a mass of 0.(0 kg,
what average force does the punter e)ert on the
ball$
3. *he heaviest invertebrate is the giant
s+uid, which is estimated to have a weight of
about 2 tons spread out over its length of ,0
feet. #hat is its weight in newtons$
4. *he heaviest fl-ing bird is the trumpeter
swan, which weighs in at about ./ pounds at its
heaviest. #hat is its weight in newtons$
!. A bag of sugar weighs (.00 lb on 0arth.
#hat would it weigh in newtons on the 1oon,
where the free-fall acceleration is one-si)th that
on 0arth$ 2epeat for 3upiter, where g is 2.6&
times that on 0arth. 4ind the mass of the bag of
sugar in kilograms at each of the three locations.
". A freight train has a mass of '.( 5 '0
,

kg. %f the locomotive can e)ert a constant pull of
,.( 5 '0
(
6, how long does it take to increase
the speed of the train from rest to /0 kmh$
7. *he air e)erts a forward force of '0 6 on
the propeller of a 0.20-kg model airplane. %f the
plane accelerates forward at 2.0 ms
2
, what is the
magnitude of the resistive force e)erted b- the
air on the airplane$
#. A (.0-g bullet leaves the mu77le of a
rifle with a speed of .20 ms. #hat force
!assumed constant" is e)erted on the bullet while
it is traveling down the 0./2-m-long barrel of
the rifle$
$. A 8hinook salmon has a ma)imum
underwater speed of ..0 ms, and can jump out
of the water verticall- with a speed of 6.0 ms.
A record salmon has a length of '.( m and a
mass of 6' kg. #hen swimming upward at
constant speed, and neglecting buo-anc-, the
fish e)periences three forces9 an upward force F
e)erted b- the tail fin, the downward drag force
of the water, and the downward force of gravit-.
As the fish leaves the surface of the water,
however, it e)periences a net upward force
causing it to acceelerate from ..0 ms to 6.0 ms.
Assuming that the drag force disappears as soon
as the head of the fish breaks the surface and
that F is e)erted until 2. of the fish:s length has
left the water, determine the magnitude of F.
1%. 8onsider a solid metal sphere !;" a few
centimeters in diameter and a feather !4". 4or
each +uantit- in the list that follows, indicate
whether the +uantit- is the same, greater, or
lesser in the case of ; or in that of 4$ 0)plain in
each case wh- -ou gave the answer -ou did.
<ere is the list9 !a" the gravitational force= !b"
the time it will take to fall a given distance in
air= !c" the time it will take to fall a given
distance in vacuum= !d" the total force on the
object when falling in vacuum.
11. A boat moves through
the water with two forces
acting on it. >ne is a 2 000-6 forward push b-
the water on the propellor, and the other is a '
/00-6 resistive force due to the water around
the bow. !a" #hat is the acceleration of the
'000-kg boat$ !b" %f it starts from rest, how far
will the boat move in '0.0 s$ !c" #hat will its
velocit- be at the end of that time$
12. *wo forces are applied to a car in an
effort to move it, as shown in 4igure ?&.'2. !a"
#hat is the resultant of these two forces$ !b" %f
the car has a mass of . 000 kg, what
acceleration does it have$ %gnore friction.
Fi&'re P4.12
13. After falling from rest from a height of
.0 m, a 0.(0-kg ball rebounds upward, reaching
a height of 20 m. %f the contact between ball and
ground lasted 2.0 ms, what average force was
e)erted on the ball$
14. *he force e)erted b- the wind on the
sails of a sailboat is .@0 6 north. *he water
e)erts a force of '/0 6 east. %f the boat
!including its crew" has a mass of 2,0 kg, what
are the magnitude and direction of its
acceleration$
Section 4.! (pplications o) Newtons Laws
1!. 4ind the tension in each cable supporting
the 600-6 cat burglar in 4igure ?&.'(.
Fi&'re P4.1!
1". 4ind the tension in the two wires that
support the '00-6 light fi)ture in 4igure ?&.'6.
Fi&'re P4.1"
17. A '(0-6 bird feeder is supported b-
three cables as shown in 4igure ?&.',. 4ind the
tension in each cable.
Fi&'re P4.17
1#. *he leg and cast in 4igure ?&.'/ weigh
220 6 !w
'
". Aetermine the weight w
2
and the
angle needed so that no force is e)erted on the
hip joint b- the leg plus the cast.
Fi&'re P4.1#
1$. *wo blocks are fastened to the ceiling of
an elevator as in 4igure ?&.'@. *he elevator
accelerates upward at 2.00 ms
2
. 4ind the
tension in each rope.
Fi&'re P4.1$
2%. *wo people are pulling a boat through
the water as in 4igure ?&.20. 0ach e)erts a force
of 600 6 directed at a .0.0B angle relative to the
forward motion of the boat. %f the boat moves
with constant velocit-, find the resistive force
F

e)erted b- the water on the boat.

Fi&'re P4.2%
21. *he distance between two telephone
poles is (0.0 m. #hen a '.00-kg bird lands on
the telephone wire midwa- between the poles,
the wire sags 0.200 m. Araw a free-bod-
diagram of the bird. <ow much tension does the
bird produce in the wire$ %gnore the weight of
the wire.
22. Cou are a judge in a children:s kite-
fl-ing contest, and two children will win pri7es
for the kites that pull most strongl- and least
strongl-, respectivel-, on their strings. *o
measure string tensions, -ou borrow a weight
hanger, some slotted weights, and a protractor
from -our ph-sics teacher, and use the
following protocol, illustrated in 4igure ?&.229
#ait for a child to get her kite well controlled,
hook the hanger onto the kite string about .0 cm
from her hand, pile on weight until that section
of string is hori7ontal, record the mass re+uired,
and record the angle between the hori7ontal and
the string running up to the kite. !a" 0)plain
how this method works. As -ou construct -our
e)planation, imagine that the children:s parents
ask -ou about the method, that the- might make
false assumptions about -our abilit- without
concrete evidence, and that -our e)planation is
an opportunit- to give them confidence in -our
evaluation techni+ue. !b" 4ind the tension in the
string if the mass is '.2 g and the angle is &6..B.
Fi&'re P4.22
23. A (.0-kg bucket of
water is raised from a
well b- a rope. %f the upward acceleration of the
bucket is ..0 ms
2
, find the force e)erted b- the
rope on the bucket.
24. A shopper in a supermarket pushes a
loaded cart with a hori7ontal force of '0 6. *he
cart has a mass of .0 kg. !a" <ow far will it
move in ..0 s, starting from rest$ !%gnore
friction." !b" <ow far will it move in ..0 s if the
shopper places his .0-6 child in the cart before
he begins to push it$
2!. A 2 000-kg car is slowed down
uniforml- from 20.0 ms to (.00 ms in &.00 s.
!a" #hat average force acted on the car during
that time, and !b" how far did the car travel
during that time$
2". *wo packing crates of masses '0.0 kg
and (.00 kg are connected b- a light string that
passes over a frictionless pulle- as in 4igure
?&.26. *he (.00-kg crate lies on a smooth
incline of angle &0.0B. 4ind the acceleration of
the (.00-kg crate and the tension in the string.
Fi&'re P4.2"
27. Assume that the three blocks portra-ed
in 4igure ?&.2, move on a frictionless surface
and that a &2-6 force acts as shown on the ..0-
kg block. Aetermine !a" the acceleration given
this s-stem, !b" the tension in the cord
connecting the ..0-kg and the '.0-kg blocks, and
!c" the force e)erted b- the '.0-kg block on the
2.0-kg block.
Fi&'re P4.27
2#. An object of mass 2.0 kg starts from rest
and slides down an inclined plane /0 cm long in
0.(0 s. #hat net force is acting on the object
along the incline$
2$. A &0.0-kg wagon is towed up a hill
inclined at '/.(B with respect to the hori7ontal.
*he tow rope is parallel to the incline and has a
tension of '&0 6. Assume that the wagon starts
from rest at the bottom of the hill, and neglect
friction. <ow fast is the wagon going after
moving /0.0 m up the hill$
3%. An object with mass m
'
= (.00 kg rests
on a frictionless hori7ontal table and is
connected to a cable that passes over a pulle-
and is then fastened to a hanging object with
mass m
2
= '0.0 kg, as shown in 4igure ?&..0.
4ind the acceleration of each object and the
tension in the cable.
Fi&'re P4.3% !?roblems .0, .6, and &("
31. A train has a mass of (.22 5 '0
6
kg and
is moving at @0.0 kmh. *he engineer applies
the brakes, resulting in a net backward force of
'./, 5 '0
6
6 on the train. *he brakes are held on
for .0.0 s. !a" #hat is the final speed of the
train$ !b" <ow far does the train travel during
this period$
32. !a" An elevator of mass m moving
upward has two forces acting on it9 the upward
force of tension in the cable and the downward
force due to gravit-. #hen the elevator is
accelerating upward, which is greater, T or w$
!b" #hen the elevator is moving at a constant
velocit- upward, which is greater, T or w$ !c"
#hen the elevator is moving upward, but the
acceleration is downward, which is greater, T or
w$ !d" Det the elevator have a mass of ' (00 kg
and an upward acceleration of 2.( ms
2
. 4ind T.
%s -our answer consistent with the answer to
part !a"$ !e" *he elevator of part !d" now moves
with a constant upward velocit- of '0 ms. 4ind
T. %s -our answer consistent with -our answer to
part !b"$ !f" <aving initiall- moved upward with
a constant velocit-, the elevator begins to
accelerate downward at '.(0 ms
2
. 4ind T. %s
-our answer consistent with -our answer to part
!c"$
33. A ' 000-kg car is pulling a .00-kg
trailer. *ogether, the car and trailer have an
acceleration of 2.'( ms
2
in the forward
direction. 6eglecting frictional forces on the
trailer, determine !a" the net force on the car, !b"
the net force on the trailer, !c" the force e)erted
b- the trailer on the car, and !d" the resultant
force e)erted b- the car on the road.
34. *wo objects with masses of ..00 kg and
(.00 kg are connected b- a light string that
passes over a frictionless pulle-, as in 4igure
?&..&. Aetermine !a" the tension in the string,
!b" the acceleration of each object, and !c" the
distance each object will move in the first
second of motion if both objects start from rest.
Fi&'re P4.34
Section 4." Forces o) Friction
3!. A dockworker loading crates on a ship
finds that a 20-kg crate, initiall- at rest on a
hori7ontal surface, re+uires a ,(-6 hori7ontal
force to set it in motion. <owever, after the crate
is in motion, a hori7ontal force of 60 6 is
re+uired to keep it moving with a constant
speed. 4ind the coefficients of static and kinetic
friction between crate and floor.
3". %n 4igure ?&..0, m
'
= '0 kg and m
2
= &.0
kg. *he coefficient of static friction between m
'

and the hori7ontal surface is 0.(0, and the
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0..0. !a" %f the
s-stem is released from rest, what will its
acceleration be$ !b" %f the s-stem is set in
motion with m
2
moving downward, what will be
the acceleration of the s-stem$
37. A ' 000-6 crate is being pushed across a
level floor at a constant speed b- a force
F

of
.00 6 at an angle of 20.0B below the hori7ontal,
as shown in 4igure ?&..,a. !a" #hat is the
coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate
and the floor$ !b" %f the .00-6 force is instead
pulling the block at an angle of 20.0B above the
hori7ontal, as shown in 4igure ?&..,b, what will
be the acceleration of the crate$ Assume that the
coefficient of friction is the same as that found
in !a".
Fi&'re P4.37
3#. A hocke- puck is hit on a fro7en lake
and starts moving with a speed of '2.0 ms. 4ive
seconds later, its speed is 6.00 ms. !a" #hat is
its average acceleration$ !b" #hat is the average
value of the coefficient of kinetic friction
between puck and ice$ !c" <ow far does the
puck travel during the (.00-s interval$
3$. 8onsider a large truck carr-ing a heav-
load, such as steel beams. A significant ha7ard
for the driver is that the load ma- slide forward,
crushing the cab, if the truck stops suddenl- in
an accident or even in braking. Assume, for
e)ample, that a '0 000-kg load sits on the flat
bed of a 20 000-kg truck moving at '2.0 ms.
Assume the load is not tied down to the truck
and has a coefficient of static friction of 0.(00
with the truck bed. !a" 8alculate the minimum
stopping distance for which the load will not
slide forward relative to the truck. !b" %s an-
piece of data unnecessar- for the solution$
4%. A woman at an airport is towing her
20.0-kg suitcase at constant speed b- pulling on
a strap at an angle above the hori7ontal !4ig.
?&.&0". ;he pulls on the strap with a .(.0-6
force, and the friction force on the suitcase is
20.0 6. Araw a free-bod- diagram of the
suitcase. !a" #hat angle does the strap make
with the hori7ontal$ !b" #hat normal force does
the ground e)ert on the suitcase$
Fi&'re P4.4%
41. *he coefficient of static friction between
the ..00-kg crate and the .(.0B incline of 4igure
?&.&' is 0..00. #hat minimum force
F

must
be applied to the crate perpendicular to the
incline to prevent the crate from sliding down
the incline$
Fi&'re P4.41
42. A bo) of books weighing .00 6 is
shoved across the floor of an apartment b- a
force of &00 6 e)erted downward at an angle of
.(.2B below the hori7ontal. %f the coefficient of
kinetic friction between bo) and floor is 0.(,0,
how long does it take to move the bo) &.00 m,
starting from rest$
43. An object falling under the pull of
gravit- is acted upon b- a frictional force of air
resistance. *he magnitude of this force is
appro)imatel- proportional to the speed of the
object, which can be written as f = bv. Assume
that b = '( kgs and m = (0 kg. !a" #hat is the
terminal speed the object reaches while falling$
!b" Aoes -our answer to part !a" depend on the
initial speed of the object$ 0)plain.
44. A student decides to move a bo) of
books into her dormitor- room b- pulling on a
rope attached to the bo). ;he pulls with a force
of /0.0 6 at an angle of 2(.0B above the
hori7ontal. *he bo) has a mass of 2(.0 kg, and
the coefficient of kinetic friction between bo)
and floor is 0..00. !a" 4ind the acceleration of
the bo). !b" *he student now starts moving the
bo) up a '0.0B incline, keeping her /0.0 6 force
directed at 2(.0B above the line of the incline. %f
the coefficient of friction is unchanged, what is
the new acceleration of the bo)$
4!. >bjects with masses
m
'
= '0.0 kg and m
2
=
(.00 kg are connected b- a light string that
passes over a frictionless pulle- as in 4igure
?&..0. %f, when the s-stem starts from rest, m
2

falls '.00 m in '.20 s, determine the coefficient
of kinetic friction between m
'
and the table.
4". A car is traveling at (0.0 kmh on a flat
highwa-. !a" %f the coefficient of friction
between road and tires on a rain- da- is 0.'00,
what is the minimum distance in which the car
will stop$ !b" #hat is the stopping distance
when the surface is dr- and the coefficient of
friction is 0.600$
47. A ..00-kg block starts from rest at the
top of a .0.0B incline and slides 2.00 m down
the incline in '.(0 s. 4ind !a" the acceleration of
the block, !b" the coefficient of kinetic friction
between the block and the incline, !c" the
frictional force acting on the block, and !d" the
speed of the block after it has slid 2.00 m.
4#. >bjects of masses m
'
= &.00 kg and m
2
=
@.00 kg are connected b- a light string that
passes over a frictionless pulle- as in 4igure
?&.&/. *he object m
'
is held at rest on the floor,
and m
2
rests on a fi)ed incline of = &0.0B. *he
objects are released from rest, and m
2
slides '.00
m down the incline in &.00 s. Aetermine !a" the
acceleration of each object, !b" the tension in the
string, and !c" the coefficient of kinetic friction
between m
2
and the incline.
Fi&'re P4.4#
4$. 4ind the acceleration reached b- each of
the two objects shown in 4igure ?&.&@ if the
coefficient of kinetic friction between the ,.00-
kg object and the plane is 0.2(0.
Fi&'re P4.4$
!%. A 2.00-kg block is held in e+uilibrium
on an incline of angle = 60.0B b- a hori7ontal
force
F

applied in the direction shown in

4igure ?&.(0. %f the coefficient of static friction
between block and incline is
s
= 0..00,
determine !a" the minimum value of and !b" the
normal force e)erted b- the incline on the block.
Fi&'re P4.!%
!1. *he person in 4igure ?&.(' weighs ',0
lb. 0ach crutch makes an angle of 22.0B with the
vertical !as seen from the front". <alf of the
person:s weight is supported b- the crutches, the
other half b- the vertical forces e)erted b- the
ground on his feet. Assuming that he is at rest
and that the force e)erted b- the ground on the
crutches acts along the crutches, determine !a"
the smallest possible coefficient of friction
between crutches and ground and !b" the
magnitude of the compression force supported
b- each crutch.
Fi&'re P4.!1
!2. A block of mass m = 2.00 kg rests on the
left edge of a block of length L = ..00 m and
mass M = /.00 kg. *he coefficient of kinetic
friction between the two blocks is
k
= 0..00,
and the surface on which the /.00-kg block rests
is frictionless. A constant hori7ontal force of
magnitude F = '0.0 6 is applied to the 2.00-kg
block, setting it in motion as shown in 4igure
?&.(2a. !a" <ow long will it take before this
block makes it to the right side of the /.00-kg
block, as shown in 4igure ?&.(2b$ !ote9 Eoth
blocks are set in motion when the force
F

is
applied." !b" <ow far does the /.00-kg block
move in the process$
Fi&'re P4.!2
(dditional Problems
!3. %n 4igure ?&.(., the coefficient of
kinetic friction between the two blocks shown is
0..0. *he surface of the table and the pulle-s are
frictionless. !a" Araw a free-bod- diagram for
each block. !b" Aetermine the acceleration of
each block. !c" 4ind the tension in the strings.
Fi&'re P4.!3
!4. *he force e)erted b- the wind on a
sailboat is appro)imatel- perpendicular to the
sail and proportional to the component of the
wind velocit- perpendicular to the sail. 4or the
/00 kg sailboat shown in 4igure ?&.(&, the
proportionalit- constant is

=
wind sail
ms
6
v F
#ater e)erts a force along the keel !bottom" of
the boat that prevents it from moving sidewa-s,
as shown in the figure. >nce the boat starts
moving forward, water also e)erts a drag force
backwards on the boat, opposing the forward
motion. %f a ',-knot wind !' knot = 0.('& ms"
is blowing to the east, what is the initial
acceleration of the sailboat$
Fi&'re P4.!4
!!. !a" #hat is the resultant force e)erted b-
the two cables supporting the traffic light in
4igure ?&.(($ !b" #hat is the weight of the
light$
Fi&'re P4.!!
!". As a protest against the umpire:s calls, a
baseball pitcher throws a ball straight up into the
air at a speed of 20.0 ms. %n the process, he
moves his hand through a distance of '.(0 m. %f
the ball has a mass of 0.'(0 kg, find the force he
e)erts on the ball to give it this upward speed.
!7. A bo- coasts down a hill on a sled,
reaching a level surface at the bottom with a
speed of ,.0 ms. %f the coefficient of friction
between the sled:s runners and the snow is
0.0(0 and the bo- and sled together weigh 600
6, how far does the sled travel on the level
surface before coming to rest$
!#. !a" #hat is the minimum force of
friction re+uired to hold the s-stem of 4igure
?&.(/ in e+uilibrium$ !b" #hat coefficient of
static friction between the '00-6 block and the
table ensures e+uilibrium$ !c" %f the coefficient
of kinetic friction between the '00-6 block and
the table is 0.2(0, what hanging weight should
replace the (0.0-6 weight to allow the s-stem to
move at a constant speed once it is set in
motion$
Fi&'re P4.!#
!$. A bo) rests on the back of a truck. *he
coefficient of static friction between the bo) and
the bed of the truck is 0..00. !a" #hen the truck
accelerates forward, what force accelerates the
bo)$ !b" 4ind the ma)imum acceleration the
truck can have before the bo) slides.
"%. A &.00-kg block is pushed along the
ceiling with a constant applied force of /(.0 6
that acts at an angle of ((.0B with the hori7ontal,
as in 4igure ?&.60. *he block accelerates to the
right at 6.00 ms
2
. Aetermine the coefficient of
kinetic friction between block and ceiling.
Fi&'re P4."%
"1. A frictionless plane is '0.0 m long and
inclined at .(.0B. A sled starts at the bottom
with an initial speed of (.00 ms up the incline.
#hen the sled reaches the point at which it
momentaril- stops, a second sled is released
from the top of the incline with an initial speed
v
i
. Eoth sleds reach the bottom of the incline at
the same moment. !a" Aetermine the distance
that the first sled traveled up the incline. !b"
Aetermine the initial speed of the second sled.
"2. *hree objects are connected b- light
strings as shown in 4igure ?&.62. *he string
connecting the &.00-kg object and the (.00-kg
object passes over a light frictionless pulle-.
Aetermine !a" the acceleration of each object
and !b" the tension in the two strings.
Fi&'re P4."2
"3. A 2.00-kg aluminum block and a 6.00-
kg copper block are connected b- a light string
over a frictionless pulle-. *he two blocks are
allowed to move on a fi)ed steel block wedge
!of angle = .0.0B" as shown in 4igure ?&.6..
1aking use of *able &.2, determine !a" the
acceleration of the two blocks and !b" the
tension in the string.
Fi&'re P4."3
"4. A (.0-kg penguin sits on a '0-kg sled, as
shown in 4igure ?&.6&. A hori7ontal force of &(
6 is applied to the sled, but the penguin
attempts to impede the motion b- holding onto a
cord attached to a wall. *he coefficient of
kinetic friction between the sled and the snow,
as well as that between the sled and the penguin,
is 0.20. !a" Araw a free-bod- diagram for the
penguin and one for the sled, and identif- the
reaction force for each force -ou include.
Aetermine !b" the tension in the cord and !c" the
acceleration of the sled.
Fi&'re P4."4
"!. *wo bo)es of fruit on a frictionless
hori7ontal surface are connected b- a light string
as in 4igure ?&.6(, where m
'
= '0 kg and m
2
=
20 kg. A force of (0 6 is applied to the 20-kg
bo). !a" Aetermine the acceleration of each bo)
and the tension in the string. !b" 2epeat the
problem for the case where the coefficient of
kinetic friction between each bo) and the
surface is 0.'0.
Fi&'re P4."!
"". A high diver of mass ,0.0 kg jumps off a
board '0.0 m above the water. %f her downward
motion is stopped 2.00 s after she enters the
water, what average upward force did the water
e)ert on her$
"7. *wo people pull as hard as the- can on
ropes attached to a 200-kg boat. %f the- pull in
the same direction, the boat has an acceleration
of '.(2 ms
2
to the right. %f the- pull in opposite
directions, the boat has an acceleration of 0.('/
ms
2
to the left. #hat is the force e)erted b-
each person on the boat$ !Aisregard an- other
forces on the boat."
"#. A ..0-kg object hangs at one end of a
rope that is attached to a support on a railroad
car. #hen the car accelerates to the right, the
rope makes an angle of &.0B with the vertical, as
shown in 4igure ?&.6/. 4ind the acceleration of
the car.
Fi&'re P4."#
"$. *hree blocks of masses '0.0 kg, (.00 kg,
and ..00 kg are connected b- light strings that
pass over frictionless pulle-s as shown in 4igure
?&.6@. *he acceleration of the (.00-kg block is
2.00 ms
2
to the left, and the surfaces are rough.
4ind !a" the tension in each string and !b" the
coefficient of kinetic friction between blocks
and surfaces. !Assume the same
k
for both
blocks that are in contact with surfaces."
Fi&'re P4."$
7%. An in+uisitive ph-sics student, wishing
to combine pleasure with scientific in+uir-,
rides on a rollercoaster sitting on a bathroom
scale. !Ao not tr- this -ourself on a roller
coaster that forbids loose heav- packages." *he
bottom of the seat in the rollercoaster car is in a
plane parallel to the track. *he seat has a
perpendicular back and a seat belt that fits
around the student:s chest in a plane parallel to
the bottom of the seat. *he student lifts his feet
from the floor, so that the scale reads his weight,
200 lb, when the car is hori7ontal. At one point
during the ride, the car 7ooms with negligible
friction down a straight slope inclined at .0.0B
below the hori7ontal. #hat does the scale read
at that point$
71. A van accelerates down a hill !4ig.
?&.,'", going from rest to .0.0 ms in 6.00 s.
Auring the acceleration, a to- !m = 0.'00 kg"
hangs b- a string from the van:s ceiling. *he
acceleration is such that the string remains
perpendicular to the ceiling. Aetermine !a" the
angle and !b" the tension in the string.
Fi&'re P4.71
72. An /0-kg stuntman jumps from a
window of a building situated .0 m above a
catching net. Assuming that air resistance e)erts
a '00-6 force on the stuntman as he falls,
determine his velocit- just before he hits the net.
73. *he parachute on a race car of weight /
/20 6 opens at the end of a +uarter-mile run
when the car is traveling at .( ms. #hat total
retarding force must be supplied b- the
parachute to stop the car in a distance of ' 000
m$
74. >n an airplane:s
takeoff, the combined
action of the air around the engines and wings of
an airplane e)erts an / 000-6 force on the plane,
directed upward at an angle of 6(.0B above the
hori7ontal. *he plane rises with constant
velocit- in the vertical direction while
continuing to accelerate in the hori7ontal
direction. !a" #hat is the weight of the plane$
!b" #hat is its hori7ontal acceleration$
7!. A ,2-kg man stands on a spring scale in
an elevator. ;tarting from rest, the elevator
ascends, attaining its ma)imum speed of '.2 ms
in 0./0 s. *he elevator travels with this constant
speed for (.0 s, undergoes a uniform negative
acceleration for '.( s, and then comes to rest.
#hat does the spring scale register !a" before
the elevator starts to move$ !b" during the first
0./0 s of the elevator:s ascent$ !c" while the
elevator is traveling at constant speed$ !d"
during the elevator:s negative acceleration$
7". A sled weighing 60.0 6 is pulled
hori7ontall- across snow so that the coefficient
of kinetic friction between sled and snow is
0.'00. A penguin weighing ,0.0 6 rides on the
sled, as in 4igure ?&.,6. %f the coefficient of
static friction between penguin and sled is
0.,00, find the ma)imum hori7ontal force that
can be e)erted on the sled before the penguin
begins to slide off.
Fi&'re P4.7"
77. *he board sandwiched between two
other boards in 4igure ?&.,, weighs @(.( 6. %f
the coefficient of friction between the boards is
0.66., what must be the magnitude of the
compression forces !assumed to be hori7ontal"
acting on both sides of the center board to keep
it from slipping$
Fi&'re P4.77
7#. A magician pulls a tablecloth from under
a 200-g mug located .0.0 cm from the edge of
the cloth. *he cloth e)erts a friction force of
0.'00 6 on the mug and is pulled with a
constant acceleration of ..00 ms
2
. <ow far does
the mug move relative to the hori7ontal tabletop
before the cloth is completel- out from under it$
6ote that the cloth must move more than .0 cm
relative to the tabletop during the process.
7$. An inventive child wants to reach an
apple in a tree without climbing the tree. ;itting
in a chair connected to a rope that passes over a
frictionless pulle- !4ig. ?&.,@", the child pulls
on the loose end of the rope with such a force
that the spring scale reads 2(0 6. *he child:s
true weight is .20 6, and the chair weighs '60
6. !a" ;how that the acceleration of the s-stem
is u!ward and find its magnitude. !b" 4ind the
force the child e)erts on the chair.
Fi&'re P4.7$
#%. A fire helicopter carries a 620-kg bucket
of water at the end of a 20.0-m-long cable.
4l-ing back from a fire at a constant speed of
&0.0 ms, the cable makes an angle of &0.0B with
respect to the vertical. Aetermine the force
e)erted b- air resistance on the bucket.
#1. A bag of cement hangs from three wires
as shown in 4igure ?&./'. *wo of the wires
make angles
'
and
2
, respectivel-, with the
hori7ontal. !a" ;how that, if the s-stem is in
e+uilibrium, then
( )
2 '
2
'
sin
cos

+
=
w
T
!b" Fiven that w = .2( 6,
'
= '0.0B, and
2
=
2(.0B, find the tensions T
'
, T
2
, and T
.
in the
wires.
Fi&'re P4.#1
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