INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - KANPUR

Mechanical Engineering Department

Me 623: Finite Element Methods in Engineering Mechanics
Assignment # 4 (for Practice)
April 11, 2014

1) Develop finite element matrices (stiffness, load vectors) for a 2-D plane stress analysis of linear isotropic
material for a three-node triangle, using the approaches:
a. Galerkin weighted residual method; (ii) Minimum potential energy method, (iii) virtual work principle
b. How do you take into account the concentrated loads at arbitrary location in the element in each of the
above cases.


2) Sketch the shape functions of typical interpolation functions of linear, quadratic and cubic Serendipity family.
Sketch the shape functions of corner and mid-nodes of Lagrangian 9-node family.


3) Compare the performance of 9-noded Lagrange element and 8-noded Serindipity element in the two-
dimensional finite element approximations of steady state heat conduction or stress analysis.

4) State the convergency requirements for the approximation functions in an element.
In a steady state heat conduction problem a 4-noded rectangular element is used. Explain how the convergency
requirements are satisfied.










5) In a 2-demnsional plane stress problem the element stiffness matrix is given by
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]

=
) (
) (
e
dv B D B K
t e

In an application a 6-noded triangle is proposed to be used. Give the expression for [B] and [D] matrices and
hence evaluate K
14
for the element shown in figure. Take N
1
=L
1
(2L
1
+1);

N
2
=L
2
(2L
2
+1);

N
3
=L
3
(2L
3
+1)
,
;

N
4
=4 L
2
L
3
;
N
5
= L
1
L
3
; N
6
=4 L
1
L
2


2
1
3
6
4
5


6) In a 2-D steady state heat conduction application, the [K]
(e)
matrix is given
4 3
2
1
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

=
) (
) (
e
dv B k B K
t e

To derive the matrix for a 4-noded quadrilateral element use the approach of mapping (x,y)(,). Clearly
identify the [B] and {k} matrices and give the equation to evaluate [K]
(e).
determine K
12
. For simplification of the
integral you may use one point Gauss integration scheme.

1 2
3
4
(0,0) (1,0)
(1,2)
(0,1)
X
Y



7) A 3-noded linear element is as shown in figure.
If u is linear displacement given by isoparametric find the strains
x
u
x

= at any point within the element if the

node 2 is in the centre of 1 and 2.
Show that if the node 2 occupies quarter point location (i.e., x
2
-x
1
=1/4 (x
3
x
1
)) then the strain (hence, the
stress) has the square root singularity, i.e.,
x
x
1
if u
1
=0, u
2
=u
o
, u
3
=16 u
o
. For simplicity of calculations take
x
1
=0.


1 2 3
o o o