LNG Plant Equipment

Seminar with Supplier Association Murmanshelf

Murmansk, 15 May 2012
Jostein Pettersen
Outline
Gas/liquid separation equipment
Absorbers, columns, towers
Heat exchangers
Shell and tube
Kettle
Plate and frame
Air cooled
Special cryogenic exchangers
Compressors
Centrifugal
Axial
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Gas/liquid separation equipmenmt
Compressor suction drums
Phase separators
Reflux drums
Gas scrubbers
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Source: Amistco
Separation equipment
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Aker
Separation equipment - internals
Absorption column (Acid gas removal)
Sources: SULZER, hyper-tvt.ethz.ch
Upward
vapour flow
with reduced
concentration
Mass transfer
Absorption
Diffusion
Downward
amine film
flow with
increased
concentration
Reaction Mass transport
Surface area
Structured Packing
Contactor
Increase contact area
Increased efficiency
Reduced flooding and pressure drop
Reduce height, diameter and weight
Typical
contactor
Rich amine outlet
Lean
Amine
inlet
Gas inlet
Gas outlet
Demister
Liquid
distributo
r
Packing material
Chimney tray
Support
grid
Chimney
tray
outlet
Source: SULZER
Vane
distributor
Source: DOW Chemicals
Absorbers
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Source: SULZER
Scrub column for LPG extraction
Fractionation train
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Fractionation
tower
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Shell and tube
exchangers
TEMA classification
Extensive experience
Several design programs available
ASPEN (HTFS-TASC)
HTRI
Important issue:
Flow induced vibration
www.amerindustrial.com
Shell and tube exchangers
Compressor intercoolers
Compressor aftercoolers
Desuperheater
Subcooler
Feedgas cooler
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www.chrisexeter.en.made-in-china.com
Cross flow condensation
(Propane condenser)
Source : knowledgepublications.com
Kettle re-boiler as process cooler
Source wermac.org
Source ASPENTECH
16
Kettle type heat exchanger
Shell and tube exchanger with
separator function
Flooded
Tube bundle submerged in boiling
liquid
Propane kettle exchangers in LNG plant
4 pressure levels
17
18
Core in kettle
1:Hot stream inlet
2: Hot stream inlet connection through shell and
into PFHE core
3: PFHE core
4: Hot stream pipe from outlet of core
5: Hot stream outlet connection through shell
6: Hot stream outlet
8: Refrigerant inlet to shell
9: Shell side liquid level
10: Liquid/vapour separation space
11: Vapour outlet nozzle
12: Manway (Typically 20-30 inch)
Source: Chart Energy and Chemicals, Inc.
Tube bundle replaced by plate
fin heat exchanger core
Compact and efficient geometry
Classificati
on: Internal
2010-11-01
Air cooled exchangers
20
Air cooled condensers
Plate and frame exchanger
Source: Alfa Laval
22
Cryogenic Heat Exchangers
Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers
Spiral-Wound Heat Exchangers
23
Spiral Wound Heat Exchanger (SWHE)
Picture showing Snhvit
subcooler
Specialized proprietary type of
heat exchanger
Large capacity in one unit
Reasonably robust, and well
proven in gas liquefaction
24
Spiral Wound LNG Heat Exchanger (Linde)
Spiral wound exchanger (Air Products)
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26
Plate fin (PFHE)
Stack of plain and folded plates
Brazed in vacuum furnace
Compact, multi stream capability
Pressures up to ca 120 bar
Exposed to thermal stress
Needs clean fluids
C
a

1
.
5

m
Fin height 5-10 mm
27
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Block or Core
Header
Nozzle
Width
Stacking height
Length
Passage outlet
Cover sheet
Parting sheet
Heat transfer fin
Distribution fin
Side bar
End bar
28
Centrifugal
compressor
Horizontally split casing
Source: GE
Source: Siemens
29
Centrifugal
compressor
Barrel type casing
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Centrifugal compressors (GE)
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Axial compressor (GE)
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Normal boiling points:
Propane: - 42.1
o
C
Ethane: - 88.7
o
C
Methane: -161.6
o
C
Nitrogen: -195.9
o
C
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LNG Plant Equipment
Jostein Pettersen
Advisor LNG Technology
jospet@statoil.com
Tel: +4790952718
www.statoil.com
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