ROUTINE TESTS ON CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

ACCORDING TO IEC 60044-1

FACTORY ACCEPTANCE TESTS

1. Verification of terminal markings (see clauses 8.1, 10.1, table 10)

2. Power frequency withstand test on primary windings (see clauses 5.1.2.1, 8.2.1, tables 3 - 5)

The test voltage shall have the appropriate value given in table 3 or 5, depending on the highest voltage for
equipment. The duration shall be 60 s.

The test voltage shall be applied between the short-circuited primary winding and earth. The short-circuited secondary
winding(s), the frame, case (if any) and core (if there is a special earth terminal) shall be connected to earth.

Repeated power-frequency tests on primary windings should be performed at 80 % of the specified test voltage.

PWFT ON PRIMARY WINDINGS : Voltage Levels (Extracted from tables 3, 4 and 5, IEC 60044-1)
Um (kV) Rated PFW
Voltage (kV)
Rated PFW
Voltage (kV)
at 80%
Um (kV) Rated PFW
Voltage (kV)
Rated PFW
Voltage (kV)
at 80%
72,5 140 112 245 395/460 316/368
100 185 148 300 395/460 316/368
123 185/230 148/184 362 460/510 368/408
145 230/275 184/220 420 570/630 456/504
170 275/325 220/260 525 630/680 504/544


3. Partial discharge measurement (see clause 8.2.2, table 6 and IEC 60270)

After the power frequency withstand voltage level the partial discharge test voltages are applied during 30 s, taking
into aacount that the limits must not be exceeded.

PARTIAL DISCHARGE TEST: Voltage Levels and Limits (Extracted from table 6, IEC 60044-1)
Type of earthing of the system
Test voltage
(rms)
Permissible PD level
Paper & Oil Resine
Earthed neutral system
(earth fault factor 1,5)
Um < 10 pC < 50 pC
1,2 Um / 3 < 5 pC < 20 pC
Isolated or non effectively earthed neutral system
(earth fault factor > 1,5)
1,2 Um < 10 pC < 50 pC
1,2 Um / 3 < 5 pC < 20 pC




ROUTINE TESTS ON CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
ACCORDING TO IEC 60044-1


See the procedure for the power frequency withstand test (PWFT) and the partial discharge (PD) test in the following
figure:













4. Measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor (tg ) (see clauses 5.1.2.4 and 9.2)

This is a special test according to the IEC standard but a routine test for Arteche.
These requirements apply only to transformers with liquid immersed primary winding insulation having Um 72,5 kV.

The measurement of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor shall be made after the power-frequency withstand
test on the primary windings.

The test voltage shall be applied between the short-circuited primary winding terminals and earth.

The purpose is to check the uniformity of the production. Limits for the permissible variations may be the subject of an
agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.

The values of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor shall be referred to the rated frequency and to a voltage
level in the range from 10 kV to Um / 3. See the following table:

CAPACITANCE AND tg : Voltage Levels and Limits
Test voltage
(rms)
Permissible tg level
Paper & Oil
Um / 3 < 0,5 %
10 < 0,5 %

The dielectric dissipation factor is dependent on the insulation design, and on both voltage and temperature.
PFWT Voltage
PD highest Voltage level (<10pC)
PD lowest Voltage level (<5pC)
Voltage
Time
60s
30s 30s



ROUTINE TESTS ON CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
ACCORDING TO IEC 60044-1



5. Power-frequency withstand test on secondary windings (see clauses 5.1.4, 8.3 or PX: 14.2.1, 14.4.4)

The test voltage, with the value of 3 kV (r.m.s.). shall be applied for 60 s between each secondary winding and earth.
The frame, case (if any), core (if there is a special earth terminal), and the terminals of all the other windings or
sections shall be connected together and to earth.

The secondary winding insulation of class PX current transformers depending on the rated knee point (Ek) may be
different:
If (Ek) 2 kV, the withstand voltage shall be 5 kV r.m.s. for 60 s.
If (Ek) < 2 kV, the withstand voltage shall be 3 kV r.m.s. for 60 s.

PWFT ON SECONDARY WINDINGS : Voltage Levels
Rated rms PFW Voltage (kV) Secondary Class
3 Any class (not PX)
5 PX (Ek 2 kV)


6. Inter-turn overvoltage test (see clauses 8.4 or PX: 14.2.2, 14.4.5 procedure B)

With the primary winding open-circuited, 4,5kV peak voltage (at some suitable frequency not greater than 400Hz. In
Arteche at 400Hz) shall be applied for 60 s to the terminals of each secondary winding, providing that the r.m.s. value
of the secondary current does not exceed the rated secondary current (or rated extended current).

At this frequency, if the voltage value achieved at the rated secondary current (or rated extended current) is lower than
4,5 kV peak, the obtained voltage is to be regarded as the test voltage.

The test voltagefor class PX current transformers depending on the rated knee point (Ek) may be different:
If (Ek) 0,45 kV, the voltage is as in the previous explanation.
If (Ek) > 0,45 kV, the rated withstand voltage for the inter-turn insulation shall be a peak voltage of 10 times the r.m.s.
value of the specified knee point e.m.f., or 10 kV peak, whichever is the lower.

INTER-TURN OVERVOLTAGE TEST : Voltage Levels
Rated peak Withstand Voltage
(kV)
Secondary Class
4,5 Any class (not PX)
10xEk (10) PX (Ek > 0,45 kV)




ROUTINE TESTS ON CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
ACCORDING TO IEC 60044-1



7. Instrument securiy factor (FS) and accuracy limit factor (ALF) (if FS/ALF is required)
(see clauses 11.6,12.6 table 14)

This test is performed using the following indirect method:

With the primary open-circuited, the secondary is energized at rated frequency by a rms voltage equal to the
secondary limiting electromagnetic force (
2 2
) ( . . . Xb Rb Rct Isn FSorALF f m e + + = )

-in case of measuring secondaries: The resulting excitation current (Iexc), expressed as a % of rated secondary
current (Isn), multiplied by the instrument security factor FS, shall be equal to or exceed the rated value of the
composite error of 10 %:
100
10 FS Isn
I
exc



-in case of protection secondaries: The resulting excitation current (Iexc), expressed as a % of rated secondary
current (Isn), multiplied by the accuracy limit factor ALF, shall be equal to or not exceed the rated value of the
composite error (Ec) of 5 % (for 5P class) and composite error of 10% (for 10P class):
100
alf Isn
I
c
exc



FS and ALF: Voltage test Levels and excitation Current Limits
Type of secondary

rms test voltage
(V)
Permissible Iexc level
(A)
Measuring
2 2
) ( Xb Rb Rct Isn FS + +
100
10 FS Isn
I
exc

5P Protection Class
2 2
) ( Xb Rb Rct Isn ALF + +

100
5 ALF Isn
I
exc

10P Protection Class
100
10 ALF Isn
I
exc


Rb: Resistive part of the external burden (VA). 8 , 0 cos
2 2
Isn
Burden
Isn
Burden
Rb = =
Xb: Iductive part of the external burden (VA): 6 , 0 sin
2 2
Isn
Burden
Isn
Burden
Xb = =
Rct: Internal secondary resistance (corrected to 75C)

Isn: Rated secondary current



ROUTINE TESTS ON CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
ACCORDING TO IEC 60044-1



8. Determination of errors (accuracy test) (see clauses clause 11.5, tables 11, 12, 13, and 12.4,14.4)

For measuring secondaries, at rated frequency, and with the 25% and 100% of the rated burden connected, when the
different percentages of the primary current are applied the secondary current error shall not exceed the values of the
Table 11, 12 and 13. .

For protection secondaries, at rated frequency and with the rated burden connected, when the 100%of primary current
is applied, the secondary current error shall not exceed the values of the Table 14 .

See the following table as a resume of the limits of the error, depending on the secondary class, for each percentage
of the primary rated current:


LIMITS OF ERROR: MAGNITUDE AND ANGLE (Extracted from tables 11, 12, 13 and 14, IEC 60044-1)

%Error at percentage of
rated current (In)
Minutes Phase displacement error at
percentage of rated current (In)
Class 1 5 20 50 100 %In 1 5 20 100 %In
0.1 - 0.4 0.2 - 0.1 0.1 - 15 8 5 5
0.2 - 0.75 0.35 - 0.2 0.2 - 30 15 10 10
0.2S 0.75 0.35 0.2 - 0.2 0.2 30 15 10 10 10
0.5 - 1.5 0.75 - 0.5 0.5 90 45 30 30
0.5S 1.5 0.75 0.5 - 0.5 0.5 90 45 30 30 30
1.0 - 3.0 1.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 180 90 60 60
3 - - - 3.0 - 3.0 - - - - -
5 - - - 5.0 - 5.0 - - - - -
5P - - - - 1.0 - - - - 60 -
10P - - - - 3.0 - - - - - -








ROUTINE TESTS ON CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
ACCORDING TO IEC 60044-1



9. Additional tests for special secondary classes

PX PR TPX TPY TPZ
Verification of rated kneee point e.m.f. (Ek) and maximum excitation current (Ie)
Yes
Magnetizing curves
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Secondary winding resistance at 75C (Rct)
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Remanence factor (Kr)
Yes Yes
Secondary loop time constant (Ts)
Yes Yes Yes
Secondary class