WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion

WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion

Project Highlights
May 2012


1
Social and Economic Impact
Considering DOWASCO reported a preliinary analysis o! water supply and distri"ution syste
indi#ated $ig$ leakage losses o! %&'( and we learned t$is nu"er to "e #onser)ati)e* our in!rastru#ture
ipro)eents stated a"o)e in#lude t$e re#oendation to repla#e old pipes #ontri"uting to lowering
t$is o)erall leakage loss+ ,orrison -ers$!ield also studies et$ods to anage and inii.e t$e
non-re)enue water lost in t$e syste* su#$ as illegal tie-ins w$ere indi)iduals were gaining a##ess to
treated water "ut not paying !or it+ /$ese sa)ings to DOWASCO dire#tly #ontri"utes to t$e #ountry0s
o)erall e#onoi# "ene!it+
/$e ost signi!i#ant ad)an#eent will "e t$e so#ial "ene!its related to ipro)ing t$e 1uality and
relia"ility o! pota"le water ser)i#es !or t$e residents o! Doini#a in t$e WA1 ser)i#e area+ DOWASCO
reported /$e water sour#e* "eing a ri)er* is su"2e#t to season !lu#tuations w$i#$ ipa#t relia"ility+ 3n
addition* during periods o! $ea)y rains* t$e ri)er water is su"2e#t to extree tur"idity resulting in t$e
#losure o! t$e intake to a)oid silting t$e supply lines+( 3ntrodu#ing anot$er ri)er intake stru#ture $ig$er
up in t$e ountains will allow !or ore !lexi"ility in t$e syste and greater relia"ility in water deli)ery+
/$e newly designed water treatent !a#ility will also "e a"le to $andle and treat t$e water wit$ greater
sedient loading+ O)erall* people at all le)els in#luding residents and industry will "ene!it !ro t$is
ipro)ed water distri"ution syste+
/$e results o! t$is pro2e#t will assist Doini#a in a#$ie)ing t$eir national goals related to e#onoi#
well"eing* $ealt$* and e#onoi# sustaina"ility+
Technology Transfer
4or t$e duration o! t$is pro2e#t ,orrison -ers$!ield worked wit$ DOWASCO in an atosp$ere o! open
and #olla"orati)e #ouni#ation+ As a result we were a"le to s$ow DOWASCO our pro#ess !or
deterining t$e te#$ni#al re1uireents* t$e #$allenges o! eeting t$ese re1uireents* and t$e possi"le
solutions to o)er#oing t$ese #$allenges+
A nu"er o! te#$nologies were e)aluated to eet t$e re#oendation !or inline dire#t !iltration
!ollowed "y disin!e#tion* and we now await DOWASCO0s response regarding a pre!erred sele#tion+
Our ot$er re#oendations in#luded t$e initiation o! a proper #ontrol syste* aking it possi"le to
anage t$e water distri"ution syste to eet t$e re1uireents o! all users+ ,orrison -ers$!ield
#opleted a #oputer odel t$at s$owed t$e w$ole water storage and distri"ution syste w$i#$
s$owed t$at t$e existing gra)ity syste re1uired !low and pressure #ontrol at key pointes to aintain
proper reser)oir !ills+ /$e existing syste #ontains reser)oirs at di!!ering ele)ations on t$e side o! t$e
ountain* and di!!ering #oon pipe si.es !or distri"ution and reser)oir !illing+ As part o! t$e design
,orrison -ers$!ield worked wit$ DOWASCO to understand t$e $ydrauli#s o! a #opli#ated water
distri"ution syste and t$e iportan#e o! !low #ontrol and pressure sustaining )al)es to aintain t$e
!low o! water wit$in t$e pipes and t$e re1uired storage to eet deands o! t$e lo#al users+
Siilarly* a super)isory #ontrol and data a#1uisition 5SCADA6 syste wit$ data radio transitted to t$e
DOWASCO $ead o!!i#e would "e a a2or asset* allowing ad)an#ed knowledge o! issues wit$in t$e
WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion



WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Highlights
May 2012


2
distri"ution syste su#$ as dropping or low reser)oir le)els "e!ore t$ey were a#tually epty+ /$e SCADA
syste #an not only gi)e reote readout o! #riti#al data to t$e operators "ut also lo#al #ontrol redu#ing
t$e need to tra)el to reote lo#ations and anually operating )al)es+
/$is pro)ides a #ost e!!e#ti)e use o! liited sta!! and resour#es+
Our en)ironental assessent pro#ess is #losely integrated wit$ t$e engineering design pro#ess to
ensure t$at en)ironental o"2e#ti)es are in#orporated wit$in t$e option assessent* and in t$e !inal
design !eatures+ We prepared an en)ironental ,anageent 7lan* w$i#$ was o! interest to DOWASCO
in eeting international "est pra#ti#es in Doini#a0s E3A guidelines
O)erall our working relations$ip wit$ DOWASCO* and our willingness to answer 1uestions* pro)ided
t$e wit$ t$e opportunity to "roaden and ipro)e t$eir te#$ni#al knowledge "ase* and to utili.e
Canadian te#$nologies and te#$nologi#al pro#esses in a anner suita"le to t$eir own goals+
Environmental Impact
/$is design to upgrade t$e existing water distri"ution syste* starting !ro a new ri)er intake stru#ture*
new water ain to a newly designed water treatent !a#ility pro)ides an o")ious positi)e ipa#t into
t$e #ounity and t$e en)ironent #onsidering less water is "eing wasted 8w$en re!erring "a#k to t$e
estiated %&' water leakage stateent+ /$is water sa)ings also translates to energy sa)ings seeing
$ow t$e existing treatent !a#ility will need to use less power to operate t$e distri"ution pups+
,orrison -ers$!ield also #ondu#ted an En)ironental 3pa#t Assessent on t$is pro2e#t to ensure our
design inii.ed any negati)e en)ironental e!!e#ts to t$e surrounding area+
Complexity
/$e Coonwealt$ o! Doini#a is #oonly known as ost #losely rese"ling its un-in$a"itant
#ondition in #oparison to t$e ot$er Cari""ean islands+ ,ost o! t$e island is untou#$ed* presenting its
own #$allenges w$en #on!ronted wit$ in!rastru#ture pro2e#ts t$at re1uire a potential ri)er intake
stru#tures $ig$ and deep into t$e ountainous 2ungle+ 9irtually e)ery aspe#t o! t$e pro2e#t* !ro data
gat$ering pro#edures su#$ as sur)ey work and En)ironental 3pa#t Assessents* re1uired $iking
t$roug$ t$e t$i#k 2ungles+ Co"ined wit$ t$e $eat and $uidity it was a !orida"le #$allenge to
o)er#oe+
Meeting/Exceeding Owner/Client Needs
/$e design o! t$is pro2e#t was #opleted on-tie and on-"udget+ /$e #lient was )ery pleased wit$ our
design report and we await !unding to pro#eed into t$e #onstru#tion:ipleentation p$ase o! t$is
pro2e#t+




WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


1
WA1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion

Project Background
The Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica (GOCD) requested financial assistance
from the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) in upgrading its water suppl network! The
Commonwealth of Dominica" which forms part of the #indward $sland chain" is appro%imatel
&'( square kilometers in area" and has a current population estimated at &("(((! This
population is widel dispersed along the coastal areas" with the ma)orit living between the
coastline and the mountainous terrain at an altitude of appro%imatel *++ meters (m)!
The Dominica #ater and ,ewerage Compan -imited (DO#.,CO) is a registered compan
wholl owned b the Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica! The Compan has the
responsibilit for the provision of potable water and sewerage services to the population!
DO#.,CO/s current water production for local consumption is appro%imatel +("'(( cubic
meters per da (m01d)" from +0 discrete water sstems! .t present all water for the public suppl
is obtained from surface sources! The largest single source" ,pringfield1.ntrim produces an
estimated 23"((( m01d and serves #ater .rea 2 (#.2)" which has a population of *4"(((! This
area covers the capital cit" 5oseau" and environs" e%tending to ,t! 6oseph in the north and
7ointe 8ichel in the south! . preliminar analsis of the water suppl and distribution sstem
indicated high leakage losses of +(9!
The water from the ,pringfield1.ntrim intake undergoes sedimentation and chlorination at
.ntrim before being fed to the distribution network! The water source" being a river" is sub)ect to
seasonal fluctuations which impact reliabilit! $n addition" during periods of heav rains the river
water is sub)ect to e%treme turbidit" resulting in the closure of the intake to avoid silting the
suppl lines! $n *((3" DO#.,CO engaged Consultants to assess the continued vitalit of the
#.2 sstem" and to recommend potential new intakes which would be used for sstem
e%pansion! :drological ,tudies conducted b the Consultants indicated that" in the absence of
an improved catchment ield or significant reduction in unaccounted;for;water" the #.2 sstem
will require an additional water suppl source to meet future demand! The likel sources for
augmentation of the #.2 water suppl were proposed as new intakes on the 5iver Claire" and
a new reservoir at 8orne Bruce! . new intake on the Checkhall 5iver above ,pringfield was
also recommended to get above some of the sources of silt and other sources of potential
contamination from human activities!





WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


2
DO#.,CO has the responsibilit for the provision of potable water and sewerage services to
the people of Dominica! #ater .rea 2 (#.;2) covers the capital cit" 5oseau and environs"
e%tending to ,t! 6oseph in the north and 7ointe 8ichel in the south! The largest single source
that supplies #.;2" the ,pringfield intake on the Check :all 5iver" providing appro%imatel
2+"+(( m01da for a population of *4"(((!
#ater from the ,pringfield intake on the Check :all 5iver undergoes sedimentation and
chlorination at .ntrim before being fed to the distribution network! The water source is sub)ect to
seasonal flow fluctuations which impact reliabilit and the river water is sub)ect to periods of
e%treme turbidit resulting in the closure of the intake to avoid silting the suppl lines!
This pro)ect was developed to assess the alternatives to the e%isting intake on the Check :all
5iver and identifing a backup water suppl source to increase sstem reliabilit!
.s an overall summar DO#.,CO has the following ma)or goals the would like to see
addressed<
o $dentif and design a new intake (and associated pipeline) on the Check :all 5iver to
replace the e%isting intake!
o Development of a back;up source! The current #.;2 network relies on the ,pringfield
intake! There are a number of ma)or risk factors that surround this intake= its suppl line
and treatment facilities at .ntrim make it unreliable to provide good qualit water 0>'
das of the ear! $n order to mitigate these risks a second ma)or source must be
developed!
o $mprove treatment! The current sedimentation tanks at .ntrim onl provide time to allow
heav silt to settle! $t does not significantl help remove the fine suspended matter!
o $ncrease storage in the sstem! This would allow them to maintain service for some
periods when the intake(s) were shut down" and would assist in providing for fire flows
and time to repair pipe breaks!
There were some secondar goals that we also attended to during this pro)ect which included<
o The potential of groundwater as a supplemental source!
o .dding pipes (grid network) to reduce the reliance in single suppl and trunk mains!
o 5eplacing some of the older pipes that have a histor of leaks" corrosion or other
problems!
o $mproving storage and piping to provide fire flows!
o Covering the one million gallon open reservoir at 8orne Daniel to preserve and protect
its water qualit!
o Check and rehabilitate where necessar the ke suppl main down the mountain! There
are places where it is at risk due to slides!
o Determine what can be done to manage and minimi?e the non;revenue water lost in the
sstem!
o Do a risk assessment of the sstem to determine what work is needed to protect the
suppl during natural disasters such as hurricanes!





WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


3
!denti"ication o" !ntake Sites
$n order to mitigate the risks of reling on a single intake and transmission main to suppl the
main commercial area of Dominica" a second source will be identified that could be developed
as a back;up during times when the primar intake is disrupted for an reason! The following is
a list of other potential backup surface water sources that were e%amined in a preliminar
assessment conducted in late ,eptember1earl October *(2(<
o $ntake directl from Boeri -ake
o @ew river intake along the Boeri 5iver
o $ntake from the -audet :dropower 7lant Outfall
o $ntake from the Trafalgar :dropower 7lant Outfall
o Drawing additional water from the e%isting river intake at the 5iver Douce
o Drawing additional water from the e%isting Giraudel $ntake
o @ew river intake along the 5iver Claire
o #ater sources along the #otten #aven 1 Trafalgar 1 Copt :all #ater ,stem
#eco$$endations "or t%e Selection o" a Pre"erred &ain Water Supply and Backup 'ption
The following are #.;2 water suppl recommendations based on the environmental and social
assessment conducted on the main water suppl and backup water suppl alternatives" as well
as the geoha?ard and surface water assessment!
Main Intake
Astablish a new intake on the Check :all 5iver upstream of the e%isting intake (2"+>' ft)"
particularl to reduce the influence of human activit on drinking water qualit!
8aintain the e%isting intake on the Check :all 5iver for emergenc use (e!g! during dr season
when flows at the upstream intake ma be insufficient)!
Backup Intake
Astablish a new intake at the location upstream of the e%isting Giraudel intake on the 5iver
Claire (2"+4( ft)! Based on the assessment conducted" this site provides the following benefits<
o $t is above the influence of current and potential human;induced impacts (compared to
5iver Blanc and other alternatives on the 5iver Claire)!
o 7rovides opportunit for protection of mature rainforest in the upstream catchment!
o 7rovides adequate surface water flows! ,imilar flow rates to that estimated for the
,pringfield intake are predicted!
o -ower natural and human;induced landslide and erosion risk (compared to downstream
option on the 5iver Claire and 5iver Blanc)!
o -ow impact to current and potential land use opportunities!




WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


4
Water (reat$ent 'ptions
The main treatment ob)ectives are turbidit reduction and disinfection= these two ob)ectives are
closel related! The effectiveness of disinfection is impacted b the raw water turbidit levels
and hence it is important to reduce Turbidit as much as possible through filtration!
Chlorination in the form of Chlorine gas in)ection is used as the primar disinfection process in
the e%isting .ntrim treatment site! .t this stage it is assumed that the e%isting Chlorination
sstem will continue to be in use! The e%isting .ntrim settlement tank could also be used as a
contact tank to optimi?e Chlorine dosage and also to provide a contact time for 0;+ log Birus
removal!
The raw water turbidit levels are generall low (below 2( @TC) e%cept during e%treme events
when the turbidit levels are ver high!
The preference to use gravit to drive the filtration process restricts the number of filtration
technologies available in the market! The treatment sstem recommended at this stage is an
inline direct filtration followed b disinfection! $f sustained high turbidit is e%pected" then the
sstem would likel require additional pre;treatment in the form of coagulation followed b
settlement! Cnder these circumstances" with additional pre;treatment (coagulation and
settlement) a full gravit concept (without pumping) ma be a challenge!
$n light of the above facts" a number of technologies were evaluated= however" the final process
supplier will be selected at the tender stage based on the most cost effective process that meets
the design criteria!
#elated )o$ponents
Access Road to the New Check Hall Intake, New River Claire WTP and Intake
Construction of an access road to the intake will encounter challenges as it will need to cross
steep terrain in some areas! There are fewer constraints with respect to grade and alignment
for an access road compared to the pipeline" which should afford it more fle%ibilit with respect
to potential routings! The road route will be optimi?ed to take advantage of e%isting trails" gentle
terraces along the valle bottom and local benches on steeper slope sections! The road will be
constructed using appropriate techniques that minimi?e the potential for landslides and
sediment generation! ,ide;casting fill materials onto slopes in e%cess of about ''9 will be
avoided and these materials will be end hauled to a stable area for disposal! -arge cuts into the
hillside will be avoided" as well as crossing areas of previous slope instabilit to minimi?e the
potential for landslide initiation" where possible! Concentrated road drainage will not be
discharged onto steep potentiall unstable slopes! A%isting roads in the area of each facilit will
be used where possible and e%tended to the new facilities saving some new cost and
minimi?ing activit in the river valle!





WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


5
Supply Pipelines
The appro%imate length of a new suppl pipeline is provided in Table A,;0!
(a*le ES+, (otal -engt% o" New Pipeline
'ption Ele.ation
/0eet $sl1
!ndicator 2alue
)%eck 3all Alternati.e
Check :all D @ew $ntake 2"+>' *"((( metres (>"'(( feet)
Backup Supply Alternati.es
5iver Claire (Cpstream) 2"+4( *"0(( metres (&"''( feet)
From New Check Hall Intake to Antrim
$t is understood that the pipeline will likel comprise an above;ground ductile iron or :D7A pipe
of appropriate si?e supported on concrete pedestals! The final location of the pipeline and
concrete pedestals will need to field fitted to suit local site conditions at the time of construction!
From New River Claire Intake to New WTP and to Connect to WA !"#tem
Throughout the stud area" the river tends to migrate back and forth across the valle bottom
and there is tpicall a gentl sloping valle bottom terrace on one side of the valle that
provides a suitable location for construction of a pipeline! To access these gentle terrace
slopes" a number of river crossings will be required for the pipeline! .t a few locations the valle
bottom narrows and there are no wide lateral terraces! .t these locations" the river channel
appears to be less stable and old or seasonal overflow channels are common" which will require
locating the pipeline on mid bars or Eislands/ between these channels! ,ome locali?ed
armouring of the channel and pipeline supports will likel be required in these reaches and
landslide ha?ards are tpicall higher as wide benches on which landslide debris can deposit
are lacking!
$t is understood that the pipeline will likel comprise an above;ground ductile iron or :D7A pipe
of appropriate si?e supported on concrete pedestals! The final location of the pipeline and
pedestals will need to field;fitted to suit local site conditions at the time of detailed design and1or
construction!
Water Treatment Plant Site
Below about elevation 4*( feet the valle bottom widens and there is a wide gentl sloping river
terrace located along the right side of the valle at about river elevation 42' feet that would be a
suitable location for a treatment plant! The surface of the terrace slopes to the west
(downstream) at about '9 and is raised above the river level b about 2* to 2' feet! $t e%tends
both to the north and west for at least *(( feet! The terrace is likel underlain b loose to
compact silt sand and gravel with cobbles and boulders! The valle walls upslope of the site
are appro%imatel >'( feet high and slope at an overall angle of about ''9! There is a low
land#lide ha$ard at this site!




WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


6
,ubsurface investigations (i!e! test pits) are recommended at the treatment plant site prior to
construction to confirm subsurface conditions and bearing capacit!
4eological 3a5ards
The following ha?ards are e%pected to be encountered along the pipeline route!
Tree all ha!ards During our site reconnaissance we observed man large trees that have
fallen into and across the river channel due to locali?ed bank instabilit1undercutting" from
shallow debris slides" and due to windthrow and natural deadfall! Danger trees will need to be
felled at the time of pipeline construction to minimi?e the ha?ard of large trees falling onto the
e%posed pipeline!
Rock all ha!ards< The pipeline will be e%posed to locali?ed rock fall from the frequent bedrock
e%posures and from boulders contained within the overling soil cover! There were no specific
areas identified along the valle bottom" however" where chronic rock fall was occurring (e!g!
active talus slopes)! 5ock fall ha?ards will need to be addressed during final pipeline routing
and construction b avoiding an locall active rockfall areas that ma be encountered"
removing noticeabl loose or potentiall unstable boulders or large blocks of rock on slopes
directl above the pipeline" or b protecting the pipe from rockfall (e!g! locall buring or
armouring the pipe) where possible!
"e#ris slide ha!ards% ,hallow debris slides were observed on steep slopes at a number of
locations within the river valle during the site reconnaissance and from review of air photos and
GoogleAarth imager! These events have transported soil and vegetation including boulders
and trees into the river channel where the valle is confined" or have deposited material onto the
surface of gentle benches1terraces ad)acent to the river channel There is a high likelihood that
additional small to medium landslides will occur from the valle sides in the future! Final
pipeline routing should avoid" where possible" crossing or passing beneath steep slopes where
there are signs of previous debris slide activit! #hen crossing gentle benches or valle bottom
terraces" the pipeline should be positioned as far awa from the toe of slope as possible to
minimi?e the potential for damage should a debris slide occur!
Coarse #ed load and woody de#ris The 5ivers have the potential to transport large boulders
and large wood debris during periods of high flows! $mpact to the pipeline and the concrete
pedestals supporting the pipeline from boulders and large wood debris could result in damage
to the pipeline! The pipeline should be raised to an elevation above the design high water plus
freeboard" and concrete pedestals that are located in or ad)acent to the river channel should be
suitabl protected1armoured!
"e#ris lows There was no evidence of previous debris flow events down the main 5iver
channels! Due to the relativel gentle channel gradients (generall G2(9) the potential for
landslides to initiate large debris flows down the river is considered to be low! ,mall debris
flows ma initiate within some of the steeper gradient tributar streams of the Check :all 5iver!
#hen crossing tributar streams" the pipe should be suitabl elevated to minimi?e the potential
for impact b debris should debris flows occurs down the tributar streams!
$andslide dams . large or ver large landslide within the 5iver valle could result in
temporar damming of the river and subsequent breaching causing a dam break flood! .




WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


7
review of the available air photos did not identif an signs of a potential or pending large scale
landslide! ,uch events" although relativel uncommon" could potentiall occur in the Check :all
5iver valle upstream of the intake! Overloading of slopes with fill and creating large cuts into
weak soils during pipeline and access road construction should be avoided to minimi?e the
potential for initiating large deep;seated landslides!
!ssues !denti"ied *y #egulatory Stake%olders
. number of representatives from regulator agencies were interviewed between October *2
and *&" *(2( to determine potential issues that should be considered in the alternatives
analsis!
Overall" the pro)ect is viewed b regulator agencies as providing significant benefits to the
countr b improving the qualit and reliabilit of potable water services for the residents of
Dominica in the #.2 service area! :owever" a number of potential environmental and social
issues were identified and are summari?ed in Table A,;+!
(a*le ES6, Su$$ary o" key issues identi"ied during regulatory stake%older consultations,
#egulatory Agency 7ey !ssue/s1 !denti"ied
Forestr" #ildlife and @ational 7arks
Division" 8inistr of .griculture and
Forestr
$mpacts to water qualit associated with increased
landslide risks!
Anhanced land protection measures upstream of the
intakes that would support the Division/s mandate!
7otential interaction with future geothermal energ
e%ploration and power development!
Anvironmental Coordinating Cnit"
ministr of Anvironment" @atural
5esources" 7hsical 7lanning and
Fisheries
Consistenc with e%isting multilateral environmental
agreements!
Consideration of climate change impacts!
$nteraction with other ma)or future development including
potential Geothermal Anerg development!
Anvironmental :ealth Department"
8inistr of :ealth
7otential for formation of carcinogenic disinfection b;
products!
-evel of treatment provided to water source!
8anagement measures to ensure treatment sstem is
operated as designed!
.bilit of treated water to meet latest #orld :ealth
Organi?ation (#:O) standards!
#ater qualit analsis of raw water source!
7hsical 7lanning Division" 8inistr
of Anvironment" @atural 5esources"
7hsical 7lanning and Fisheries
-and use!
7otential interaction with future geothermal energ
e%ploration and power development!
Commitment that communit consultation will be
undertaken prior to construction!
Geothermal 7ro)ect 8anagement
Cnit" 8inistr of 7ublic #orks"
Anerg and 7orts
7otential interaction with future geothermal energ
e%ploration and power development in the #otten
#aven area! 7ossible conflict between water needs for
power facilit (steam condensing) and water needs for
domestic water suppl!




WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


8
4round Water Potential
$t is possible that a relativel small (2(("((( to *'("((( gpd) supplemental or emergenc
groundwater suppl sstem could be developed! There are potentiall some productive aquifers
on the west side of the island! $t is not possible to provide a firm estimate for the potential
production ield of a groundwater source at this time" due to the relative lack of site;specific
information on wells on the island! Overall" the groundwater potential is moderatel good and a
supplemental clean groundwater sstem could benefit DO#.,CO during heav rainfall and
siltation events! . con)unctive groundwater suppl would also allow the water compan to meet
peak demand periods without e%panding its surface water intake1treatment sstem and would
provide additional reliabilit and securit to have multiple water sources (groundwater and
surface water)!
Existing 8istri*ution Syste$ Analysis Using New !ntakes
To review how the e%isting distribution sstem operates" two scenarios have been run for +3
hours under e%tended period conditions! The first scenario is if the suppl source is onl from
.ntrim #T7" and the second scenario is when both .ntrim and Claire #T7/s suppl together!
From these two analses it can be concluded that it is not onl the quantit of water from the
sources that was creating water shortage" but the elevation at which the tanks installed and the
capacit of storage tanks ma have a role!
Existing Storage (anks A.aila*le and #e9uired 2olu$es
The capacit of the e%isting storage tanks have been evaluated whether the provide sufficient
storage to meet the required demands throughout the da! 8ost of the tanks have sufficient
capacit to provide the balancing storage required" e%cept storage tanks at Castle Comfort"
Almshall" and Hings :ill! 8oreover" additional storage volume is required for the service areas
supplied b 75B/s! $t has to be noted that these volumes are rough estimates and would
change based on actual population and non;domestic customers each tank is serving and the
estimated demand patterns! The model indicates that significant additional storage is required
for Canefield (2"(&> m0)" Goodwill (2"2++ m0) and Almshall (2"*3+ m0) or an ad)acent
convenient location that can serve central 5oseau!
Possi*le Upgrading and )ontrol 'ptions
$t has been observed that the storage tanks located at higher elevations and far from the
sources couldn/t fill because storage tanks located at lower elevation and 75B supplied areas
are alwas dominant to get water first! To limit the influence of lower elevation tanks" different
control mechanisms can be implemented so that the tanks at higher elevations can get a
chance to fill! For this preliminar review pressure sustaining valves (7,B) and Flow Control
Balves (FCB) have been used! 7,B are proposed at upstream larger volume dominant tanks"
while FCB proposed on the inlet of large volume tanks at higher elevations!
7,B/s are proposed upstream of the 8orne Daniel and Almshall Tanks with initial set pressure
of 2*( and 2'' psi respectivel! $n the same wa flow control valves are proposed at .ntrim
and Canefield tanks! FCB at .ntrim is set to allow onl #.2 total average da flow while FCB at
Canefield set to allow onl the average da demand of the area supplied from the tank!




WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


9
The model result illustrates how the water level in all tanks varies with time during the e%tended
period simulation over +3 hours! The ma)orit of the tanks are able to fill to cover their
respective peak demands" with few e%ceptions tanks!
Water &odel )onclusions
From the model it is understood that operating large number of tanks located at different
altitudes and distances would be ver difficult! :owever" with the installation of a proper control
sstem it would be possible to manage the distribution sstem so that it can meet the
requirement of all the users! This preliminar model is reviewed based on the number of
assumptions! The outcome of the model result ma differ based and on the accurac of the
assumed information!
#eco$$ended WA1 !$pro.e$ents
)%eck 3all #i.er
The following works are planned for the Check :all 5iver<
o @ew $ntake including gauging station!
o 7ipeline to the .ntrim water treatment plant! (DO#.,CO is currentl constructing a
new water treatment plant at .ntrim)
o .ccess road to the new intake site
o A%isting intake is to remain in service as a backup!
#i.er )laire
The following works are planned for the 5iver Claire<
o @ew $ntake including gauging station! The upstream intake would be the primar source
for providing water to the #.;2 sstem and to supplement the Giraudel sstem" if
necessar! This could be achieved with a series of valves and piping!
o 7ipeline to the #T7 site and down to connect to e%isting #.;2 sstem!
o #T7 including chlorination I treated water 5eservoir and standb power!
o .ccess road to the #T7 and $ntake site!
(reated Water #eser.oir
DO#.,CO is planning a new '(("((( gal! treated water reservoir at 8orne Bruce outside the
scope of this pro)ect!
.dditional storage is recommended for Canefield (2"'(( m0)" Goodwill (2"'(( m0) and Almshall
(2"'(( m0)" or an ad)acent convenient location that can serve central 5oseau!
!$pro.e$ents to &orne 8aniel 1 &!4 Eart%en #eser.oir
The open earthen reservoir at 8orne Daniel has had some issues with its geomembrane liner in
the past! This pro)ect will include re;lining the reservoir and covering it with a floating cover!





WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


10
S)A8A network
The #.;2 sstem covers a wide geographic area! ,ome components such as the intakes and
water treatment plant are relativel remote! . ,C.D. sstem with data radio transmitted to the
Dowasco head office would be an ma)or asset as it would allow advanced knowledge of issues
such as dropping or low reservoir levels before the were actuall empt and the phone calls
started coming in from irate customers! $t would allow better sstem management b controlling
valves to balance reservoir levels and ensure the were filled when needed! #ater qualit
issues at the water treatment plants could be identified earl and staff deploed to resolve the
issue! Operational data could be collected electronicall from numerous points in the sstem
such as flow meters and reservoir levels! $n summar a great management tool for an operation
with limited staff and resources!
't%er Works and &anage$ent Plans
Inte&rated Water Re#ource Mana&ement Plan
$n order to better manage Dominica/s important water resources" the starting place would be an
overall $ntegrated #ater 5esource 8anagement ($#58)! . good $#58 would assist Dominica
to achieve their national goals related to economic well being" health and economic
sustainabilit! 7art of a good $#58 plan is development of a risk management plan as it relates
to floods" droughts and perhaps more particularl for Dominica" hurricanes!
Water#hed Protection and Control
8anagement of the watershed is essential in order to protect this valuable resource and the
investment being made to develop the water source and suppl potable water to the #.;2
customers! #ater management can be considered effective when it<
o #hen the water available to the users is sustainable over man ears!
o #ater Jualit is maintained at required levels!
o Astablishes and allows sustainable economic development over the short and long term!
,uccessful implementation requires that the program be under one single lead agenc to act as
facilitator! There ma be several competing interests in the watershed and the must be dealt
with on a consistent basis b someone who understands the whole picture and not )ust the
interests of one specific group or area! There must be strong linkages to e%isting programs
including local and regional land use planning processes" as well as water qualit and flow
monitoring programs in order to minimi?e duplication of effort and ensure consistenc in the
information being given out! There must be clear allocation of responsibilities and understanding
of the costs and staff training needs! Affective laws" regulations and policies need to be put in
place! The plan will need to be supported b ongoing public communication and education
programs to enhance consensus and understanding of the plan!
Water 'emand Mana&ement
#ater resources are limited in the #.;2 ?one! Aventuall a demand management program will
be required to keep the water demand within the abilit of the suppl sstem to deliver! This is
happening in a limited scale now during drought periods when DO#.,CO asks people to limit




WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


11
watering their gardens or washing vehicles! #ater demand management can be defined as an
method= whether technical" economic" administrative" financial or social= that will accomplish
one (or more) of the following five things<
2! reduce the quantit or qualit of water required to accomplish a specific task=
*! ad)ust the nature of the task or the wa it is undertaken so that it can be accomplished
with less water or with lower qualit water=
0! reduce the loss in quantit or qualit of water as it flows from source through use to
disposal=
+! shift the timing of use from peak to off;peak periods=
'! increase the abilit of the water sstem to continue to serve societ during times when
water is in short suppl!
Improve the '(WA!C( )a*orator" Capa*ilitie#
.s DO#.,CO moves into a new era where the are treating water to international standards it
is important that the be able to properl monitor the water qualit being produced in a timel
manner! The DO#.,CO -ab has the abilit to undertake man of the basic tests now" but
should work towards increasing their capabilities to cover ke additional elements!
Increa#ed Meterin&
There is lack of accurate data on the volume of water being delivered and that being consumed
b the customers in the #.;2 ?one! This data is essential to proper management of the sstem!
$n the past it was not a ma)or issue as the demand was small and there was alwas clean water
in the river to draw from! .s the population e%pands" development moves further up the
mountain" industr increases and standard of living increases" the capacit of the e%isting
sstem to provide sufficient water at the qualit e%pected b the customers becomes an
increasing challenge! . greater investment in water sstem infrastructure is required to meet
these needs which increase the cost of producing and delivering a unit of water! $t now becomes
more important to know where that water is going and to reduce the waste or unaccounted for
water! -osses are now estimated in the region of +(9!
8etering in and out of the water treatment plant" reservoirs" and at deliver connections
including at public facilities will help immensel to identif the real water demands in the sstem
and where losses are occurring that need attention! 8etered connections can be used for billing
but more importantl the data will first help to understand and manage the water sstem!
(n&oin& )eak 'etection Pro&ram
.s the cost of producing good qualit water increases it becomes of increasing importance to
cut down on the loss of this valuable resource! Dowasco should start with the areas that are
easiest to tackle" such as repairing the taps at public facilities and fi%ing all reported pipeline
leaks as fast as possible! .s the metering program is implemented" data should be anal?ed to
identif areas with the highest levels of unaccounted for water and concentrate on identifing
and resolving those trouble areas first" along with areas that have a poor record for multiple
repairs! Dowasco can then move into an acoustic leak detection program" again starting with
priorit areas that have been identified through the metering program!




WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


12
Increa#e Collection o+ Record 'rawin&# and !"#tem 'ata
The #.;2 sstem is complicated with multi pressure ?ones and a ver diverse service area!
:aving an accurate water sstem model can be a huge help in anal?ing e%isting sstem
problems and planning for sstem e%pansion to better serve their customers! $t helps to identif
where increased capacit is needed and to si?e pipes and establish pressure ?ones to meet
demands! The onl wa to do this with an reliabilit is to input accurate record information on
the suppl sstem and distribution network! Dowasco should continue to collect record
information and surve areas where data in incomplete or suspect!
,round water inve#ti&ation#
$t appears there could be a 2(("((( to *'("((( gpd supplemental or emergenc groundwater
suppl sstem that could be developed provided there is sufficient land in the productive
groundwater areas! . detailed groundwater mapping and investigation phase is needed
followed b drilling of test wells at select locations and tested to determine well ield and water
qualit properties and assess the ultimate feasibilit of developing supplemental ground water
supplies!
Priority #eco$$endations
2! #i.er )laire Supply !$pro.e$ents and Water (reat$ent Plant Site 8e.elop$ent &
(reat$ent Process /on t%e #i.er )laire1 and )onnection to t%e WA1 8istri*ution
Syste$
The Check :all 5iver sstem is alread in place although it has its issues! $t is more
important to develop a back;up sstem which is the 5iver Claire intake" water treatment
plant" access roads and transmission lines to connect it to the #.;2 sstem!
:, )%eck 3all #i.er Supply !$pro.e$ents
The second priorit is to improve the qualit of raw water being delivered to the .ntrim #T7!
This involves the new intake" raw water line and access road!
+, 8istri*ution Syste$ )ontrol 2al.es
#ith the reservoirs at various levels within the sstem it has been noted that some
reservoirs are starved while others are overflowing! #ith the addition of + pressure
sustaining valves and two flow control valves" the sstem can be balanced allowing water to
be more evenl distributed throughout the #.;2 sstem!
+! Additional 8istri*ution Storage
Calculations show that there is insufficient storage in parts of the #.;2 sstem to cover
peak demand periods! This should be the ne%t priorit in order to increase the level of
service to the area!
'! #epair & )o.er "or &orne 8aniel Eart%en #eser.oir
This is related to priorit ' above! This is lined earthen reservoir for which the liner needs
repair and which should be covered to prevent contaminants from entering the water!
>! WA1 Network S)A8A Syste$
$f all the intake levels" reservoir levels and treatment sstem data can be brought back to the
DO#.,CO head office for monitoring" it will greatl improve DO#.,CO/s abilit to locate
and address problems quickl! DO#.,CO current has to rel on complaints and then drive
to location to investigate!




WA-1 Water Supply Network Upgrading & Expansion
Project Description
May 2012


13
&! !ncreased &etering & -eak 8etection
This is an on;going management issue to tr and get control of and reduce the volume of
unaccounted for water!
The other water source and sstem management activities noted previousl can be budgeted
and implemented over time! The onl e%ception might be the investigations into the groundwater
availabilit in the area! Two or three high production wells that could meet the #.;2 demand for
a short period would provide another level of risk protection in the event Dominica was hit b a
hurricane and both rivers became so silt laden that the water treatment plants could not keep
up!