Einstein advanced the theory the matter is energy

And energy is matter and each may be converted into the other. He said that
The atom contained vast stores of energy that may be used in a thousand ways.
The problem was how to tame the atom and obtain and use its energy in 1938
Hahn and trassmann succeeded in splitting the nuclear of an atom !ranium.
"ater# it was found that they process of splitting the atom released enormous
Amounts of energy. Then on $nd %ecember 19&$. scientists succeeded in
'btaining the first self(sustaining unclear chain reaction.
!ntil )orld )ar **# the world was familiar with only mechanical# chemical# acoustic#
thermal# optic# magnetic and electrical forms of energy. +ut on a fateful day in 19&,
when the !.. e-ploded atom bomb over Hiroshima# the world got aware of nuclear
energy.
Each atom has a central core called the nucleus# around which revolve the electrons.
The nucleus is built up of two .inds of very minute particles called protons and neutrons.
The electron has a negative electrical charge# the proton has an e/ual positive charge
and the neutron has no charge.
The nucleus of the radium atom constantly disintegrates e0ecting alpha particles which
are the nuclei of helium atoms. This phenomenon is called radioactivity. !ranium is
another radioactive element. *n 1938 Hahn and trassman bombarded uranium with
neutrons and found traces of barium in the material.
This led to the discovery that some of the uranium atoms capture a bombarding neutron
and get split into two nearly e/ual parts. This splitting is called nuclear fission. At the
same time two or three neutrons are set free in the reaction. These go on splitting other
uranium atoms and release neutrons. This is called a chain reaction and# in its wa.e#
enormous amounts of heat and gamma rays which are 1(rays of very short wavelength
and great penetrating power are released.This .nowledge was utilised in the preparation
of the atom bomb.
uch a weapon had become imperative in view of the mounting supremacy of the
2ermans and 3apanese in the )orld )ar. After three years of intensive wor. atom
bombs were perfected. *t is now history that the two atom bombs dropped on Hiroshima
and 4agasa.i .noc.ed out the stri.ing power of the enemies and brought the war to a
speedy end. The two cities were completely destroyed with great loss of life. uch was
the destructive power of the atom bomb. The energy needed was derived from nuclear
fission.
)hen enough fuel is filled in the nuclear base it spar.s but the graphite protects it from
e-plosion so that the nuclear fire burns peacefully and safely. The nuclear furnace
produced a heat which can be compared to the burning of thousands of tons of coal.
Atomic energy can be put to various constructive uses. mall amount of it can be used
for a verv# large amount o heating and power. This reactor consisted of a large pile of
graphite into which was insulated uranium metal. )hen enough fuel is filled in the
nuclear base it spar.s but the graphite reactor it forms e-plosion so that he nuclear fire
bums peacefully and safely. The nuclear furnace produces a heat which can be
compared to the burning of thousands of tons of coal.
Atomic energy can be put to various constructive uses. mall amount of it can be used
for a very large amount of heating or electricity in industrial underta.ing and factories.
Atomic radiation helps chemical action in the process of polymerisation which further
helps in the radiation processes of raw materials (( steel# plastics# rubber etc. 5adio(
isotopes are finding many natural uses. Atomic radiations electrify the air and are used
for ma.ing so many other things. Atomic energy can also be applied in the field of
agriculture.
According to certain e-periments agricultural yields can be added by thousands of tons
by the use of radio(active tracers and fertilisers. Atomic radiation can be applied to seeds
which can yield many more times the normal one. Atomic energy can also help in the
preservation of foodstuffs for a longer time. *t can also help the productivity of foodstuffs
in regions where agricultural processes cannot be otherwise carried out.
Atomic energy is proving its best use in the field of medical sciences. *t is helping the
doctors in diagnosing the diseases and in the treatment of the patients. 5adio iodine is
used in diagnosing all defects in thyroid glands. The new tools and instruments
manufactured with the help of atomic energy are ma.ing medical science perfect. 5adio(
activity can also he used for curing brain tumors.
This is done by inserting radioactive waves into the brain. 5adio Therapy is also now
used e-tensively for the treatment of cancer. 2arna rays produced from atomic energy
are used for sterilising human bones. 6odern medical science is e-ploring other uses of
the atom and hopes that man.ind can in due course of time control death and disease
and ensure long life for human beings in the world.
while atomic enrgy has come as..............
Atomic power stations are now being set up in America and 5ussia and other advanced
countries. They can now supply electricity and power to a country7s every part on
nominal cost. *ndustries can ma.e use of the atomic power for e-panding their
production. )ith increased production in the field of agriculture and industry# human
beings can attain higher standards of living and ma.e their life happier and better.
*t is thus seen that atomic energy can be a source of great happiness to man.ind if it is
applied for peaceful purposes and not dissipated for destructive purposes.