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5.3 *nstallation of Temporary Casing:
Aocate the pile center point by hand excavation. !nstall additional two
reference points outside the casing, at ?4
o
to each other and at a certain
distance approximately eual to @ m from outside face of the casing prior to
installation of casing in order to monitor the center point of casing during
installation. Two templates from these two additional reference points shall be
used while driving the casing in order to avoid deviation from the plan
position. !nitially temporary casing of reuired diameter and reuired length
should be pitched and centrali2ed over the center point of the pile. #lumb and
twist the temporary casing into the ground using rotary head of the piling rig,
while checking the reference points for position as detailed above and
maintain the verticality by checking with a long hand held spirit level in two
perpendicular directions. $uring installation of casing care shall be taken to
ensure proper alignment over the pile location. The tolerance for verticality
will be @ in -.. The pile location shall not deviate from the plan position by
more than -. mm at cut0off level. The Aength of the temporary casing shall be
ad6usted in order to achieve minimum embedment of 4..m inside the
rock/hard stratum as reported in soil !nvestigation report.
Continue driving the temporary casing by twisting until embedded in to the
rock/hard stratum level by 4.. m or until refusal whichever is less to avoid any
possibility of collapse of borehole walls. The verticality and plumb shall be
checked during installation as detailed above. !n case of collapse of the soil
beneath the toe of the casing is observed, the casing shall be driven further
until collapse ceases. !n case if we are not able to continue the casing
installation by rotary method we shall pre0bore over the pile location and then
continue installation of casing. Temporary casing pro6ection shall be
approximately 84 to 34 cm above the platform level.
5.4 +rilling:
After installation of the casing the drilling rig shall be set over pile location and
the soil/rock will be drilled up to the predetermined/designed elevation. The
operator shall monitor the display on the piling rig monitor in order to achieve
the reuired drilling depth.
After completion of drilling, the bottom of the bore shall be cleaned with
bucket in order to remove drilling cuttings and loose materials from the bottom
of the borehole of the pile. A drilling/cleaning bucket, that tends to Bsweep9 the
sand and debris from the toe of pile, shall be used for this purpose.
$rilling shall be carried out with the use of temporary casing as a support for
maintaining the stability of the boring. The bottom level of casing shall be
embedded in the rock strata or hard strata by 4.. m in order to achieve the
stability.
The debris coming out from the pile boring shall be moved away from the
location of piles to an approved location within the site with the help of Shovel
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and left for a day. After it becomes dry, the debris shall be removed from the
site and disposed in accordance with concerned authoritiesC reuirements.
#iles shall not be bored so close to other piles, which have recently been
cast, and which contain workable or unset concrete that a flow of concrete
could be induced from or damage caused to any of the piles.
5.5 ,a-rication an' *nstallation of Steel Cage:
!n order to lift and place the steel cage without permanent distortion
reinforcement in the form of a rigid steel cage shall be assembled with helical
reinforcement in accordance with approved pile design drawings. Delical
reinforcement shall fit closely around the main longitudinal bars and the
intersecting bars shall be tied together by approved tying wire, the ends of
which shall be turned in to the interior of the pile.
!n order to ensure the free flow of concrete in the pile bore and through rebar
cage, a cover of -. mm will be ensured by disk shaped spacers.
The spacers shall be fixed at regular intervals on the steel cage length during
fabrication, in accordance with the Contract Specifications, with the first set of
spacers being attached one meter from the bottom of the cage and the last
set one meter from the top of the cage. %our spacers for each row shall be
inserted in the steel cage during fabrication.
All steel cages shall be inspected and cleared by the consulting "ngineer
prior to their installation. The length of the steel cage shall be ad6usted as per
reuirement. Main Aongitudinal rebar shall be continuous over the specified
pile length including the pro6ection above cut0off level or the available bar
length of @8m, which ever is less.
Epon arrival or 6ust prior to the arrival of concrete transit mixer to site, the
bottom level of the borehole shall be cleaned and measures shall be taken to
ensure that there is no accumulation of silt or other loose material at the base
of the boring. The bottom level of the borehole shall be verified prior to
installation of steel cage. Then ready made rebar cage shall be lifted up by a
Crawler Crane with a set of double wire ropes and then lowered in to the
borehole until reuired depth by maintaining in position with reuired cover by
circular spacers as approved prior to the placement of the tremie tube and
hanged from the casing top with the help of three bent up B S 9 hooks with
reuired pro6ection above cut0off level. "nsure the reuired cage length prior
to installation and check the top level of the rebar after installation of steel
cage.
The minimum cover at the toe level can also be achieved by hanging the
steel cage with these three bent up B S 9 hook supports placed around the
periphery of the casing and by checking the top level of steel cage with
reference to the top level of casing and by recording length of cage as shown.
The hooks can be placed either from inside the cage or from outside the
cage.
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5.6 Concreting:
The concrete mix design to be approved by Consultants prior to the start of
any concreting works. Trial mix test results shall be provided for consultants
review. Concrete shall be supplied and tested in accordance with the Contract
Specifications.
Approved ready mix concrete of specified grade for piling works shall be
procured from the approved supplier.
After installation of the steel cage as detailed in item &.&+ tremie pipe of
proper length with one end elbow fitted with uick clamp system shall be
placed inside the borehole through steel cage till its end touches the bottom of
the borehole. Then the tremie pipe is raised approximately 84 cm. The
elephant trunk of concrete pump will be brought to the elbow of tremie pipe
and fixed by uick clamp and then concrete will be pumped through the
tremie pipe. Concreting of the pile shall be done by the approved ready mix
concrete using high slump concrete as allowed by the specs, general codes
of practice and ;.S 7445. Concrete pump and the tremie pipe shall form part
of the delivery pipe. )hile concreting, the tremie pipe is raised by service
crane with wire ropes according to the filling of the pile taking care that the
end of the tremie pipe is always inside the pile concrete and it shall be at least
@ meter below the concrete top level. The concreting operation will be
continued until the concrete of the pile shall be brought up sufficiently far
above the reuired finish level to allow for slumping on withdrawal of the
casing and to ensure that all laitance and weak concrete rises above cut0off
level. After completion of casting the pile the tremie pipe will be withdrawn
totally and placed in another pile borehole and continue the above seuence.
After concreting any deviation from the theoretical concrete volume should be
recorded.
Alternatively a tremie of proper length with a hopper on top can be used and
concrete will be directly discharged from the ready0mix truck in to the tremie
hopper. The use of this method or the other previously detailed depends upon
the accessibility conditions and the availability of concrete pump at the time of
concreting.
>uality Control tests such as slump test, temperature of concrete, cube
testing etc shall be carried out in accordance with the contract specification
reuirements.
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Any empty boring left shall be backfilled with the excavated material. Also if
reuired, the platform is then back0filled to the casing top level in order to
allow the drilling rig to move over the casing without damaging them.
5.7 #&traction of Temporary Casing:
!mmediately after casting the pile, remove the hooks supporting the rebar
cage and extract the temporary casings by twisting and moving upwards while
the concrete within remains sufficiently workable to ensure that the concrete
is not lifted and that the resultant pile is continuous and of full section. $uring
extraction, a sufficient uantity of concrete shall be added to compensate the
slumping of concrete and maintained inside the casing in such a way that
during the course of casing extraction the bottom of the casing is always
below the concrete surface until the casing has lifted up to the reuired finish
level so as to overcome the pressure from external ground water or soil and
to ensure that no reduction in section or contamination of the pile takes place.
The concrete of the pile shall be brought up sufficiently far above the reuired
finish level to allow for slumping on withdrawal of the casing and to ensure
that all laitance and weak concrete rises above cut0off level. The concrete
final top level after withdrawing casing should be nominally as per the
reuirement of contract specifications and sub6ect to checking on site for
soundness.
Adeuate precautions to the satisfaction of the engineer shall be taken in all
cases where excess heads of water could occur as the casing is withdrawn
because of the displacement of water by the concrete as it flows into its final
position against the walls of the pile bore.
5.! +ocmentation:
#iling rig daily report and inspection check list shall be used to record the
details of piling activity for each day.
A#CC shall record the pile identification, pile location, design load, pile type,
platform level/existing ground level, pile toe level, casing length, casing top
level, concrete mix details etc as per contract reuirement.
%or site control and progress #iling rig daily report and !nspection check list
shall be produced giving all information on site progress and all relevant data
of each single Secant pile.
This documentation completely filled will be transmitted to the Consultants at
the end of the Secant piling works.
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