tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words Simple Present

A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?
ation in the present taking plae one! never or several times
fats
ations taking plae one after another
ation set "# a timeta"le or shedule
al$a#s! ever# %! never! normall#! often! seldom! sometimes! usuall#
if sentenes t#pe & '&f & talk! %( Present Progressive
A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: &s he speaking?
ation taking plae in the moment of speaking
ation taking plae onl# for a limited period of time
ation arranged for the future
at the moment! )ust! )ust no$! *isten+! *ook+! no$! right no$ Simple Past
A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
ation in the past taking plae one! never or several times
ations taking plae one after another
ation taking plae in the middle of another ation
#esterda#! , minutes ago! in -../! the other da#! last 0rida#
if sentene t#pe && '&f & talked! %( Past Progressive
A: He $as speaking.
N: He $as not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
ation going on at a ertain time in the past
ations taking plae at the same time
ation in the past that is interrupted "# another ation
$hen! $hile! as long as Present Perfect Simple
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?
putting emphasis on the result
ation that is still going on
ation that stopped reentl#
finished ation that has an influene on the present
ation that has taken plae one! never or several times "efore the moment of
speaking
alread#! ever! )ust! never! not #et! so far! till no$! up to no$ Present Perfect Progressive
A: He has "een speaking.
N: He has not "een speaking.
Q: Has he "een speaking?
putting emphasis on the ourse or duration 'not the result(
ation that reentl# stopped or is still going on
finished ation that influened the present
all da#! for 1 #ears! sine -..2! ho$ long?! the $hole $eek Past Perfect Simple
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
ation taking plae "efore a ertain time in the past
sometimes interhangea"le $ith past perfet progressive
putting emphasis onl# on the fat 'not the duration(
alread#! )ust! never! not #et! one! until that da#
if sentene t#pe &&& '&f & had talked! %( Past Perfect Progressive
A: He had "een speaking.
N: He had not "een speaking.
Q: Had he "een speaking?
ation taking plae "efore a ertain time in the past
sometimes interhangea"le $ith past perfet simple
putting emphasis on the duration or ourse of an ation
for! sine! the $hole da#! all da# Future I Simple
A: He $ill speak.
N: He $ill not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
ation in the future that annot "e influened
spontaneous deision
assumption $ith regard to the future
in a #ear! ne3t %! tomorro$
&f4Sat5 6#p & '&f #ou ask her! she $ill help #ou.(
assumption: & think! pro"a"l#! perhaps Future I Simple
'going to(
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: &s he going to speak?
deision made for the future
onlusion $ith regard to the future
in one #ear! ne3t $eek! tomorro$ Future I Progressive
A: He $ill "e speaking.
N: He $ill not "e speaking.
Q: Will he "e speaking?
ation that is going on at a ertain time in the future
ation that is sure to happen in the near future
in one #ear! ne3t $eek! tomorro$ Future II Simple
A: He $ill have spoken.
N: He $ill not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken?
ation that $ill "e finished at a ertain time in the future
"# 7onda#! in a $eek Future II Progressive
A: He $ill have "een speaking.
N: He $ill not have "een speaking.
Q: Will he have "een speaking?
ation taking plae "efore a ertain time in the future
putting emphasis on the ourse of an ation
for %! the last ouple of hours! all da# long Conditional I Simple
A: He $ould speak.
N: He $ould not speak.
Q: Would he speak?
ation that might take plae
if sentenes t#pe &&
'&f & $ere #ou! & $ould go home.( Conditional I Progressive
A: He $ould "e speaking.
N: He $ould not "e speaking.
Q: Would he "e speaking?
ation that might take plae
putting emphasis on the ourse / duration of the ation
Conditional II Simple
A: He $ould have spoken.
N: He $ould not have spoken.
Q: Would he have spoken?
ation that might have taken plae in the past
if sentenes t#pe &&&
'&f & had seen that! & $ould have helped.( Conditional II Progressive
A: He $ould have "een speaking.
N: He $ould not have "een speaking.
Q: Would he have "een speaking?
ation that might have taken plae in the past
puts emphasis on the ourse / duration of the ation