Hydraulic engineering construction

Hydraulic engineering construction - artificial structure (construction) of the

industrial, civil, military or other appointment, established (constructed) on artificial
or natural water object, or in immediate proximity from it, or in itself being artificial
water object.
By means of hydraulic engineering constructions uestions of protection of water
resources, struggle against harmful action of waters are solved.
!t designing and building of hydraulic engineering constructions are guided to
theoretical wor"ings out, norms and hydraulic engineering rules, and also other
engineering science.
HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION
(H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/) - power station, as an energy source using
energy of a water stream. Hydroelectric power stations usually build on the rivers,
constructing dams and water basins.
*wo major factors are necessary for effective manufacture of the electric power on
H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/0 the guaranteed security water all year long and
probably big biases of the river, favour to hydrobuilding is a canyons form of relief.
!eatures HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION"
*he electric power cost price made on H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ more
than twice more low, than on thermal power stations.
H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ generators can be switched on and off uic"ly
enough depending on energy consumption
%enewed energy source
)onsiderably smaller influence on the air environment, than other "inds of power
stations
-ater basins often occupy considerable territories
$ams often favour to increase in stoc"s of fish in the water basin and to fish culture
realisation.
Ho# it #or$s"
*he principle of wor" of H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ is simple enough. *he
chain of hydraulic engineering constructions provides a necessary pressure of the
water arriving on the blade of the water-wheel which puts in action the generators
developing the electric power.
*he necessary pressure of water is formed by means of dam building, and as
conseuence of concentration of the river in a certain place, or a derivation - a
natural current of water.
Hydroelectric stations are divided depending on developed capacity0
,owerful - develop from 12 -att to 123 -att and above4
!verages - to 12 -att4
.mall hydroelectric power stations - to 2 -att.
)apacity of H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ directly depends on a pressure of
water, and also Hydroelectric power stations also share depending on maximum use
of a pressure of water0
Highly pressure head - more than 53 m4
medium pressure head - from 12 m4
(ow pressure head - from 6 to 12 m.
$epending on a water pressure, in hydroelectric power stations various "inds of
turbines are applied.
*he principle of wor" of all "inds of turbines is similar - the water which is under
pressure (a water pressure) arrives on blade of the turbine which start to rotate.
7echanical energy, thus, is transferred to the hydrogenerator which develops the
electric power.
Hydroelectric stations also are divided depending on a principle of use of natural
resources, and, accordingly, formed concentration of water. Here it is possible to
allocate the H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ following0
Hydroelectric stations also are divided depending on a principle of use of natural
resources, and, accordingly, formed concentration of water. Here it is possible to
allocate the H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ following0 dam, channel and
derivational Hydroelectric stations, that are built in places where large gradient river
and the pumped storage power plants are able to accumulate the generated
electricity, and let her move in the moment of pea" loads.
8alue of hydroelectric station consists that for manufacture of electric energy, they
use renewed natural resources. -hereas the reuirement for additional fuel for
H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ is not present, final cost of the received electric
power much more low, than at use of other "inds of power stations.
9or 1332 the water-power engineering provides manufacture to :; < of all electric
power in the world, the established hydropower capacity reaches =:2 >-att.
(eaders on hydraulic power development on the citi?en are /orway, +celand and
)anada.
*he largest H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/. in the world is in )hina, ,araguay,
8ene?uela and Bra?il.
!ailures and incidents on HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION"
:. &n &ctober, ;th, :;56 - one of the largest hydraulic engineering failures on
8ajont $am in northern +taly.
1. &n .eptember, :1th, 133= - on /ovosibirs" H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'%
.*!*+&/ there was a large fire.
6. &n !ugust, 6rd, 133; - ignition on Burejs"y H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'%
.*!*+&/.
@. &n !ugust, :5th, 133; - a fire in Brotherly H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'%
.*!*+&/, (the Brotherly H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ is included into a
three of the largest H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/. of %ussia).
2. &n !ugust, :=th, 133; - large failure on .ajano-.hushens"oj
H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ (.ajano-.hushens"aja H#$%&'(')*%+)
,&-'% .*!*+&/ the most powerful power station of %ussia).
Du%ossary &ydro'o#er station
$ubossary hydropower station, located on the lower section of the river /istru,
near the town of $ubossary. $ubossary hydroelectric station was built in :;2:-
:;2@, respectively, resulting in a $ubasari %eservoir.
T&e (ain 'ara(eters o) &ydro'o#er"
*otal volume of the reservoir 12@.A million m B
*he maximum flow rate through the overflow structures @33 m B C c
7aximum pressure of statistical :@,@2 m
*he installed capacity of @A 7- power plant
mean annual output 153 million "- h
History "
$ubossary hydroelectric power - the firstborn big electrification 7oldova, the /istru
%iver. !ppointment of a hydroelectric power generation electric energy. $ubossary
power station produces cheap hydroelectric power that does not reuire fuel
resources. *he reservoir is :1A "m long and has an average width of 21A meters.
-ater surface area is eual to 5=.2 suare "ilometers. *he $ubsari
H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ reservoir is home to the $ubsari hydro power
plant which generates electrical energy for both domestic use and export.
*he production of electricity generated by power through use of the gravitational
force of falling or flowing water.
+n Danuary, :;=2 $ubasari the H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ has been included
in structure of 'ast electric systems. .ince 7ay, 1335 - the H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'%
.*!*+&/ is allocated in independent - the state unitary enterprise (.tate Enitary
'nterprise) F$ubossary H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/G.


Structure o) &ydraulic engineering constructions o) 'o#er
station*
- ! building of H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ and an assembly site - length of
2@ m4 - an overflow dam - :66 m4 - the ta"ing away channel of a building and an
overflow dam4 - a left-ban" bul" dam - 62@ m4 - a right-ban" bul" dam - :6; m4 - a
channel an alluvial dam - 12= m4 - interfacing constructions (a pier, the foundations)
.tructure of hydraulic engineering constructions of power station.
)lass of constructions - 9irst class. (Ender the project) .eismicity - = points (under
the project). *he maximum observable daily average expense was on Dune, :@th,
:;5; - inflow @ @2= m6Cseconds the 7aximum dump through H#$%&'(')*%+)
,&-'% .*!*+&/ was on !pril, 2th, :;5; during the period from :5063 to :;0:2
hour. - @ :A3 m6Cseconds
*hroughput of hydraulic engineering constructions - at the forced level top tailrace
63,3 m - A 133 m6Cse"
7ean annual development of the electric power of an order of 15: million "-.h.
HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION today
*he $ubossary H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ develops the cheap electric
power which is not demanding fuel resources. *he project of reconstruction of
$ubossary H#$%&'(')*%+) ,&-'% .*!*+&/ has been developed for increase of
safety of hydraulic engineering constructions and reliability of electrosupply of
consumers.