Sarf - The Irregular Verb - ‫ناق ص‬- Part 2

Disclaimer: This post is due to a major contribution from Humairah (blogging here). Any mistakes, of
course, are mine.
We have already discussed the ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬of the ‫ نﺎق ص‬verb. In this post, Insha Allah, I will discuss the

‫ ﻣﹹﻀﺎﺭﹺﻉ‬patterns for the same and we will see how some conjugations undergo ‫ ﺗﹷﻌﻠﹻﻴﻞ‬.

In the ‫ ﻣﹹﻀﺎﺭﹺﻉ‬of the ‫ نﺎق ص‬verb, 6 conjugations do not have ‫ ﺗﹷﻌﻠﹻﻴﻞ‬since they rhyme with their ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬

counterparts. These are conjugations number 2,5,6,8,11, and 12 i.e. the 4 duals and the 2 plural

feminines. For example, the set of these 6 conjugations from the ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻲﹾ‬table will rhyme with

‫ ﻳﹷﻀﹿﺮﹺﺏﹸ‬whereas the set of these 6 conjugations in the ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬table will rhyme with ‫ﻳﹷﺴﹿﻤﹷﻊﹸ‬.

Below, I will give the complete listing of the ‫ ﻣﹹﻀﺎﺭﹺﻉ‬for 3 ‫ نﺎق ص‬verbs:

1 ‫ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬

2 ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹶﺍﻥﹺ‬
3 ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻮﹾﻥﹶ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﻣﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ‬
4 ‫ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬
5 ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹶﺍﻥﹺ‬
6 ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹿﻦﹶ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹿﻦﹶ ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ‬
7 ‫ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬
8 ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹶﺍﻥﹺ‬
9 ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻮﹾﻥﹶ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ‬
10 ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹿﻦﹶ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹿﻦﹶ ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹻﻴﹿﻦﹶ‬
11 ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹶﺍﻥﹺ‬

12 ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹿﻦﹶ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹿﻦﹶ ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ‬

13 ‫ﺃﹶﺩﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾ‬ ‫ﺃﹶﺭﹾﻣﹻﻲﹾ‬ ‫ﺍﹶﺭﹾﺿٰﻰ‬

14 ‫نﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾ‬ ‫نﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻲﹾ‬ ‫نﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬
Only the 5 singulars (1,4,7,13,14) and 3,9, and 10 have ‫ ﺗﹷﻌﻠﹻﻴﻞ‬in them. Note that we include

conjugation 14 in the singular group since it looks like a singular

If you remember, the edge rule for a ‫ نﺎق ص‬verb states that “any ‫ ﻻﻡ‬position ‫( ﻭ‬i.e. occurring at the edge

of a word) preceded by a ‫ ﻛﹷﺴﹿﺮﹶﺓ‬will change to ‫“ ﻯ‬. However, look at the cases of ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ‬or

‫ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹷﺎﻥﹺ‬or ‫ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹿﻦﹶ‬. They all have ‫ ﻭ‬at the ‫ ﻻﻡ‬position since we know that the base letters in

the ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬table are ‫ ﺭ ﺽ‬and ‫ ﻭ‬. Thus the first example should have been ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻮﹶﺍﻥﹺ‬because the ‫ ﻭ‬is

not preceded by a ‫ﻛﹷﺴﹿﺮﹶﺓ‬. However, it is changing to a ‫ ﻯ‬. On top of this, we have also stated that

that there is no ‫ ﺗﹷﻌﻠﹻﻴﻞ‬in this conjugation. To address this anomaly we say that since the final form of

the verb is still rhyming with its ‫ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬counter part i.e. ‫ ﻳﹷﻔﹿﻌﹷﻼﹶﻥﹺ‬, therefore there has only been a

change of a letter rather than a full blown ‫ ﺗﹷﻌﻠﹻﻴﻞ‬. To explain the change of the letter (i.e. ‫ ﻭ‬to ‫ ) ﻯ‬we

state a rule which deals with a ‫ ﻭ‬or ‫ ﻯ‬occurring beyond the third position in a ‫ نﺎق ص‬verb. This rule can

be named “Fourth position or beyond rule” and states that:

If a ‫ ﻭ‬comes in the fourth position or later in a word and it is not preceded by a ‫ ﺿﹷﻤﳲﺔ‬or a ‫ﺳﹷﺎﻛﹻﻦ‬

‫ﻭ‬, it changes into a ‫ ﻯ‬.

Having noted this aspect, we now move on to deal with those conjugations which have full ‫ ﺗﹷﻌﻠﹻﻴﻞ‬in

them.

First conjugation : In the case of ‫ ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾ‬it was actually ‫ ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹸ‬rhyming with ‫ ﻳﹷﻨﹿﺼﹹﺮﹸ‬. The final

‫ ﺿﹷﻤﳲﺔ‬was awkward on ‫ ﻭ‬and was dropped. In the case of ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻲﹾ‬this was actually ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻲﹸ‬. Again,

the ‫ ﺿﹷﻤﳲﺔ‬was dropped since it was awkward on the ‫ ﻯ‬. For the case of ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬the original was

‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻮﹸ‬. The ‫ ﻭ‬is at the fourth position so change it to ‫ ﻯ‬according to the “Fourth position or beyond

rule”. This leave us with ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻰﹸ‬which has a ‫ ﻯ‬which is ‫ ﻣﹹﺘﹷﺤﹷﺮﱢﻙ‬and is preceded by a ‫ ﻓﹷﺘﹿﺤﺔ‬so

this is changed to ‫ ﺍ‬according to the Simple Change to Alif rule , giving us ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬

Third Conjugation: Here ‫ ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ‬was originally ‫ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹸﻭﹾﻥﹶ‬. The ‫ ﺿﹷﻤﳲﺔ‬on the ‫ ﻭ‬was dropped

which leaves us with two ‫ ﻭ‬which are ‫ ﺳﹷﺎﻛﹻﻦ‬. Thus, one of these ‫ ﻭ‬is dropped giving us ‫ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ‬

The above process can actually be encompassed in a two step rule which states that: “Whenever there

is a ‫ ﻻﻡ‬position ‫ ﻭ‬or ‫ ﻯ‬preceded by a ‫ ﺿﹷﻤﳲﺔ‬or a ‫ﻛﹷﺴﹿﺮﹶﺓ‬, make the ‫ ﻭ‬or the ‫ ﻯ‬as ‫ﺳﹷﺎﻛﹻﻦ‬. Now, if

the ‫ ﻭ‬or ‫ ﻯ‬is preceded by an appropriate short vowel and followed by an appropriate long vowel (see

here for this discussion) then drop this ‫ ﻭ‬or ‫ﻯ‬.” This rule also takes care of the 9th conjugation of

‫ ﻳﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹾ‬as well as the 10th conjugation of ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻲﹾ‬.

For the ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬table, the third conjugation was originally ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻮﹸﻭﹾﻥﹶ‬rhyming with ‫ﻳﹷﺴﹿﻤﹷﻌﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ‬.
The ‫ ﻭ‬was changed (according to the Fourth position rule) to ‫ ﻯ‬since it is preceded by a ‫ ﻓﹷﺘﹿﺤﺔ‬giving

us ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹹﻮﹾﻥﹶ‬. Now we have a ‫ ﻯ‬which is ‫ ﻣﹹﺘﹷﺤﹷﺮﱢﻙ‬and is preceded by a ‫ ﻓﹷﺘﹿﺤﺔ‬so we change it

to an ‫ ﺍ‬using the Simple Change to Alif rule , the introduction of which results in gathering of two

‫ ﺳﹷﺎﻛﹻﻦ‬letters. Thus, the ‫ ﺍ‬is dropped, leaving us with ‫ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻮﹾﻥﹶ‬

10th Conjugation : The starting point for this conjugation was ‫ ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹹﻮﹺﻳﹿﻦﹶ‬rhyming with ‫ﺗﹷﻨﹿﺼﹹﺮﹺﻳﻦﹶ‬.

The ‫ ﻛﹷﺴﹿﺮﹶﺓ‬is inappropriate before the ‫ ﻭ‬so the ‫ ﻛﹷﺴﹿﺮﹶﺓ‬was moved to the letter before it. This

resulted in gathering of two ‫ ﺳﹷﺎﻛﹻﻦ‬letters. The ‫ ﻭ‬was dropped, leaving us with ‫ ﺗﹷﺪﹾﻋﹻﻴﹿﻦﹶ‬. This

transformation is governed by the following general rule: “If a ‫ ﻭ‬is preceded by a ‫ ﺿﹷﻤﳲﺔ‬and followed

by a ‫ ﻯ‬, the preceding letter is made ‫ ﺳﹷﺎﻛﹻﻦ‬and the vowel on ‫ ﻭ‬is transferred to the preceding letter.

Then the ‫ ﻭ‬changes into a ‫ ﻯ‬and falls off due to gathering to two ‫ ﺳﹷﺎﻛﹻﻦ‬letters”

In the case of ‫ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹿﻦﹶ‬this was originally ‫ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹻﻴﹿﻦﹶ‬rhyming with ‫ﺗﹷﻀﹿﺮﹺﺑﹿﻦﹶ‬. The ‫ﻛﹷﺴﹿﺮﹶﺓ‬

was inappropriate on the ‫ ﻯ‬so the ‫ ﻛﹷﺴﹿﺮﹶﺓ‬was dropped, leaving us with two ‫ ﺳﹷﺎﻛﹻﻦ‬letters. Thus,

one of the ‫ ﻯ‬is dropped giving us ‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﻣﹻﻴﹿﻦﹶ‬.

The 10th conjugation in the ‫ ﻳﹷﺮﹾﺿٰﻰ‬table was originally ‫ ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻮﹺﻳﹿﻦﹶ‬rhyming with ‫ﺗﹷﺴﹿﻤﹷﻌﹻﻴﹿﻦﹶ‬.

The ‫ ﻭ‬is changed to ‫ ﻯ‬according to the Fourth position or beyond rule. This leaves us with
‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹷﻴﹿﻦﹶ‬. Again, one of the ‫ ﻯ‬is dropped due to the gathering of two ‫ ﺳﹷﺎﻛﹻﻦ‬letters giving us

‫ﺗﹷﺮﹾﺿﹷﻴﹿﻦﹶ‬

Almost of these rules can also be applied when constructing the passive conjugations for the ‫ﻣﹹﻀﺎﺭﹺﻉ‬

of the ‫ نﺎق ص‬verb. In some future post I will Insha Allah try to list all the rules governing ‫ﺗﹷﻌﻠﹻﻴﻞ‬. Until

then, hopefully, this introduction will come in handy for the students of Classical Arabic.