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Charting the labor market:

Data from the Current


Population Survey (CPS)

July 3, 2014

Table of contents
1.

Civilian labor force

2.

Civilian labor force participation rate

3.

Civilian employment

4.

Employment-population ratio

5.

Nonagricultural wage and salary employment

6.

Nonagricultural self-employment (unincorporated)

7.

Part-time workers as a percent of total employed

8.

Employed part time for economic reasons

9.

Civilian unemployment

10. Civilian unemployment rate


11. Duration of unemployment

12. Long-term unemployed as a percent of total unemployed


13. Reasons for unemployment
14. Job losers

Table of contentsContinued
15. Unemployment rates for adult men, adult women, and teenagers

16. Unemployment rates by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity


17. Unemployment rates for persons 25 years and older by educational
attainment
18. Persons not in the labor force who want a job
19. Persons not in the labor force, selected indicators
20. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

Additional information available in The Employment Situation news release:


www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf
Browse labor force concepts and data by subject:
www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaz.htm

Chart 1. Civilian labor force


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Numbers in thousands

160,000

160,000

155,000

155,000

150,000

150,000

145,000

145,000

140,000

140,000

135,000

135,000

130,000

130,000

125,000

125,000

120,000

120,000

115,000

115,000

110,000
1990

110,000
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS11000000.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 2. Civilian labor force participation rate


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Percent
67.5

67.5

67.0

67.0

66.5

66.5

66.0

66.0

65.5

65.5

65.0

65.0

64.5

64.5

June 2014
62.8 percent

64.0

64.0

63.5

63.5

63.0

63.0

62.5
1990

62.5
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS11300000.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 3. Civilian employment


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Numbers in thousands
150,000

150,000

145,000

145,000

140,000

140,000

135,000

135,000

130,000

130,000

125,000

125,000

120,000

120,000

115,000

115,000

110,000
1990

110,000
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12000000.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 4. Employment-population ratio


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Percent
65.0

65.0

64.0

64.0

63.0

63.0

62.0

62.0

61.0

61.0

60.0

60.0

June 2014
59.0 percent

59.0

59.0

58.0

58.0

57.0
1990

57.0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12300000.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 5. Nonagricultural wage and salary employment


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Numbers in thousands

140,000

140,000

135,000

135,000

130,000

130,000

125,000

125,000

120,000

120,000

115,000

115,000

110,000

110,000

105,000

105,000

100,000
1990

100,000
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12032187.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 6. Nonagricultural self-employment (unincorporated)


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Numbers in thousands
10,000

10,000

9,800

9,800

9,600

9,600

9,400

9,400

9,200

9,200

9,000

9,000

8,800

8,800

8,600

8,600

8,400

8,400

8,200

8,200

8,000
1990

8,000
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12032192.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 7. Part-time workers as a percent of total employed


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Percent
21.0

21.0

20.0

20.0

19.0

19.0

18.0

18.0

17.0

17.0

16.0

16.0

15.0
1990

15.0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Beginning in
1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey. Data online at
http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12600000?series_id=LNS12000000.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 8. Employed part time for economic reasons


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Numbers in thousands
10,000

10,000

9,000

9,000

8,000

8,000

7,000

7,000

6,000

6,000

5,000

5,000

4,000

4,000

3,000

3,000

2,000

2,000

1,000

1,000

0
1990

0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Beginning in
1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey. Data online at
http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12032194.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 9. Civilian unemployment


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Numbers in thousands

16,000

16,000

14,000

14,000

12,000

12,000

10,000

10,000

8,000

8,000

6,000

6,000

4,000

4,000

2,000

2,000

0
1990

0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS13000000.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 10. Civilian unemployment rate


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Percent
11.0

11.0

10.0

10.0

June 2014
6.1 percent

9.0

9.0

8.0

8.0

7.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

4.0

4.0

3.0
1990

3.0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 11. Duration of unemployment


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Numbers in thousands
7,000

7,000

6,000

6,000

27 weeks and over


5,000

5,000

4,000

4,000

Less than 5 weeks

3,000
2,000

3,000
2,000

5 to 14 weeks

1,000
0
1990

1,000

15 to 26 weeks

0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS13008396&series_id=LNS13008756&series_id=LNS13008876&series_id=LNS13008636.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 12. Long-term unemployed as a percent of total


unemployed
Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Percent
50.0

50.0

45.0

45.0

40.0

40.0

35.0

35.0

30.0

30.0

Percent unemployed 27 weeks and over

25.0

25.0

20.0

20.0

15.0

15.0

10.0

10.0

5.0

5.0

0.0
1990

0.0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS13025703.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 13. Reasons for unemployment


Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Numbers in thousands

12,000

12,000

10,000

10,000

8,000

8,000

6,000

6,000

Job losers

4,000

4,000

Reentrants
2,000

0
1990

New entrants

Job leavers

2,000

0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS13023621&series_id=LNS13023705&series_id=LNS13023557&series_id=LNS13023569.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 14. Job losers

Seasonally adjusted, 19902014


Numbers in thousands
9,000

9,000

8,000

8,000

7,000

7,000

6,000

6,000

5,000

5,000

Not on temporary layoff


4,000

4,000

3,000

3,000

2,000

2,000

On temporary layoff

1,000
0
1990

1,000
0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS13025699&series_id=LNS13023653.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 15. Unemployment rates for adult men, adult


women, and teenagers
Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Percent
30.0

30.0

25.0

25.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)


20.0

20.0

15.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
1990

10.0

Adult men (20 years and older)

5.0

Adult women
(20 years and older)

0.0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000025&series_id=LNS14000026&series_id=LNS14000012.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 16. Unemployment rates by race and Hispanic or


Latino ethnicity
Seasonally adjusted, 19902014
Percent
20.0

20.0

18.0

18.0

16.0

16.0

Blacks or African Americans

14.0

14.0

12.0

12.0

10.0

10.0

8.0

8.0

Hispanics or Latinos

6.0

6.0

4.0

4.0

Whites

Asians

2.0
0.0
1990

2.0

(Not seasonally adjusted)

0.0
1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Persons of
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Data for Asians (not seasonally adjusted) are not available before 2000. Data
online at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000003&series_id=LNS14000006&series_id=LNU04032183&series_id=LNS14000009.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 17. Unemployment rates for persons 25 years and


older by educational attainment
Seasonally adjusted, 19922014
Percent

16.0

16.0

14.0

14.0

Less than a high school diploma

12.0

12.0

10.0

10.0

8.0

8.0

High school
graduates, no college

6.0

6.0

4.0

4.0

2.0

2.0

Some college or associate degree


0.0
1992

Bachelor's degree and higher


0.0

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14027659&series_id=LNS14027660&series_id=LNS14027689&series_id=LNS14027662.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 18. Persons not in the labor force who want a job
Seasonally adjusted, 19942014
Numbers in thousands
8,000

8,000

7,000

7,000

6,000

6,000

5,000

5,000

4,000

4,000

3,000

3,000

2,000

2,000

1,000

1,000

0
1994

0
1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS15026639.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 19. Persons not in the labor force, selected


indicators
Not seasonally adjusted, 19942014
Numbers in thousands
3,000

3,000

2,500

2,500

2,000

2,000

Marginally attached
1,500

1,500

1,000

1,000

Discouraged
500

0
1994

500

0
1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online
at http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNU05026642&series_id=LNU05026645.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

Chart 20. Alternative measures of labor underutilization


Seasonally adjusted, 19942014
Percent
18.0

18.0

16.0

U-6

14.0

14.0

12.0

12.0

U-6

U-4
U-5

10.0

U-3

8.0

U-5

6.0

U-1

4.0

U-3 Unemployment rate


U-2

2.0

10.0
8.0

U-2

U-4

6.0
4.0

16.0

2.0

U-1
0.0
1994

0.0
1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Note: Shaded areas represent recessions as determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Data online at
http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS13025670&series_id=LNS14023621&series_id=LNS14000000&series_id=LNS13327707 and at
http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS13327708&series_id=LNS13327709.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, July 3, 2014.

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