bngapore Natnematca! bocc!

y
C1Dgu[OIC DuHCDu1Cul LljDQ1uO CL, Z1
JunIor Section (First Round)
Tesday, 4 June 20J3 0930-J200 brs
DSYUC\ODS O CODCSUDS
1. Answcr 1I 35 vcs|ions.
z. ntcr povr onswcrs on t/c cnswcr shcct jroi4c4.
J. Ior |/c mvltijlc c/oicc vcs|ions, cn|cr ovr cnswcr on t/c onswcr s/cct | s/c4ing |/c
|v||lc con|cining |/c lct|cr (, , C, L or E) corrcsjon4ing to //c corrcct cnswcr.
. Ior t/c o|hcr s/ort vcs|ions, wri|c ovr cnswcr on |/c crswcr s/cct cn4 s/c4c |/c c-
jrojr io|c |v|b/c |clow cvr cnswcr.
5. No s|cjs crc ucc4c4 to )vstij ovr cnswcrs.
0. oc/ vcstion corrics 1 mcrk.
7 No orc cllowc4.
c. 1/rcvghcvt t|is jojc:, lc|
,
] 4cnotc t|c gcc|cs| in|cgcr lcss thcn or cvcl |o T. Eor
c~omjlc, ..] = ., :. = :.
PIIASE L L 1D LNL 1` `L1 PL L L L CL

UQC LDOCC _UCS1ODS

. !o= 8, |
=
!6
.
' andc
=
4`', tcvwhlcci lD0 iallowing incqualiticsistrue
,A) o. | ` B) c > ' >c C) ' ` c` c ,, 0 ` c > c ,) c > 0./
2. !0, |, C urc rcal numbers such tLat c |[ = , [b c[ = , - c[ 2 and c|c= 0, nnd
c b c

I J
tIcvaluccf - + + - - - -
bc co c/ c b c
,^)

30
,) =
20
C)

0
,0,

4
E) NcUc cf tIcaLOvc
3. It lsa COmlcxUHDDC sutisfy!ng
.
+L ! 0, what is tcvaluccfL* + x + I`

` ~`'?
A) -1 ,B)

2
C) O
!
,0)

2
,E)
4. 1L .JC, Z.CJ = 3 uUU thc \UlCI\O uL!C Liscctcrs clZC.J uLU Z'JC intersecI
at J. Iind Z.1J.
A) 2 (B) !0 C) 20
C
,, 36 ,) NcnectIc alcvc
3 Finuthc numlci cfIntcgcI paira x, g suchtat L 3x+3= 0.
A) E) 2 C) + D, E) 6
0. Fiveycun !a!iCs wcrcseatedarcundacircular tallc Mlss On was sittin betw-cnMlss
IlmanuMiss Mak. FllicwassittlnlctwccnCinuy8UU MlssNai. Miss Iim was bctwccn
Elllc and Amy. Iastly, Bcatilcc was scatcd witI Miss PoI cn hci lctt und Mss Muk cn
hcrilLt. WIatis Daisy's snrnamc`
A) Ilm ,B) Mak C) Nai D) Ong ) PcI
2
I. Oivcn tat ABCis a trianglc witI L bcing tLc midclnt clA and d cint cn C J
suc tat C 2E!. IAI and BDintcrscct at oint F and tc arcac / A J = !
unit, 6nd tIc arcacl/AB
.^)
3
_
_
;
0
3

!
3
, 4 E) 5
8. AB D isasquarcwitIsidcs8cm. 4 isa ointcn CB snc tIat 4= 2 CD. IlA isa
variablc cint cntcdiagcnal DB 6ndtc lcast valucclC`+ MA.
I C
U
A) b B) 0, C) !0 ,, 3 E) J2
9. AB D isarcctanglcwosc diagcnasintcrscctat cint C. is acintcnAJ sucItIat
C bisects z BCD !lzAC !5, 6nd B J
C L
,A) 00 B) 05

7O` ) 80
!0. Iet b bctc smallcstcsitivc multilccl1, tIatcomrscscactly8ldigits wtI '0's,
I '8's andI '8`s. Find tIc rcmaindcr wIcn 5 isdividcdLy IJ.
A) 0
'
_;
3

C
:
5 ,) E) 8
8
bDO11 UO511OD5
. Fiuo tc va|uc cl 99D9.
2. Ifthcraphsog - 2uL 0/auog- .- bu |utctscctat culycucc|ut|ulhc
-p|anc, what i thca-cccro uatcc|tbc pc|ut c||utcrsccticu
I. I|uo thc uumbcrc|mu|t|plcsc| |uthcscgucnCc 99,00, 0,02, ,2080.
4. In thc 6urc Lclcw, EA7, BC1, AC! and DJI arc stra|ht |lncs. It is glvcn that
HA = SC, AD =A1, B =JD. Il ! D -,6nd fhcva|uc clJ.
!
L
. If 0 .69, = .8 and C ~ 0.4S, Uno thcvalue ot
2 I
aa

1at

a
Jb. SuppOso that -, aa!-

atc thc twc tcctsotLc cquation ,- 2) 3(x ). What |s

thcVaIuo otLccxptcss|cu-,-,~-~-:
:. Lct ABC7 Lc a squarc and X ano i bc pcluts such that thc |cuths oXY, AX and
AY arc b, 3 auo 0 rcspcctivcy. Jha arcaoJLL can bccxprcssco as
"
units whcrc
n
n 0uC R aIc positivcinIcur8 viIhOuI OOmmOL lactors. Fiuo tcvauu cn + o.
4
lS. Ict : and lc rca numbcrs satis[ing lhc incquality
: + p
;
+-,+24 _ 0: l.
Iind the vaue ct : +
v
.

l9. A painlng jcb can lc ccmlctcd ly Tcam Aacnc in 2.6 hcurs cr by Tca B alcnc in 3
minutcs LL cnc cccasicn, attcr Tcam A had ccmctcd a racticn c lhc ]cl, Tcam
_
tcok cver lmmcdiatcy. Thc whcc aining ]cl was ccmctcd in I. hcurs. IU and n
arc csitivc intcgcrs with nc ccmmcn tactcrs, 6nd thc vauc ct R + .
0
_
I |c I cc 1
20. Ict c, | and C lc rca numcrs such that
.
_
g .
3
.
~
4
and

~ . Imd thc
c + c
24c|c
vauc cf
| | ^ + c-cc
2l. Ict x
:
and a_ bc twc rcal numlcrs that satis[ :

:

20I3 What is thc minimum valuc
ct a, ~r)

22. Iind thc valuc c 4 4

23. Iind thc smalcst pcsitivc intcgcr I such that (I- I0) _ 20I3``.
24. Ict 0 and
_
bc twc rcal numlcrs. t tlc cquaticn ca

| 3)

c I )a 3| |mcrc
than cnc scuficn, what is thc vauc cf 10c + 4|?
2 Ict b ~ {I, 2, J, , 4S, 49. What is thc maimum vauc c o such that II is cssiLlc tc
sccct n numbcrs cm b and arrangc flcm in a circlc in such a way that fLe producf of
any twc ad]accnt numbcrs in thc circc is lcss than I00
ZU. Oivcn any 4-digit pcsit!vc lntcgcr x nct cnding in '0', wc can rcvcrsc thc digits tc cltain
ancthcr 4-diglt intcgcr Icr cxalc it a is I284 thcn is 482I. Icw many cssilc
4-digit intcgcrs r arc thcrc if :

3I7
2I. Ilnd thc lcasl csitivc intcger such that 2 + 2
::
2" is a crtect squarc.
23. Icw muny 4-diglI csitivc multipcs oI4 can lc fcrmcd frcm thc digils 0, l,2, J, 4, 5, 0such
that cach dlgit apcas withcut rcpctiticn?
29. Ict R and n bc \O csitivc intcgcrs that satls[
U ! I l

I 0 X I2

I2 X I4

I4 X Ib



20l2 Y 20J4
Iind thc smalcst cssibc vauc ct H

H.

+c. Fino thc units dllt cl!o:+' +!^+

+ 2013

!I+'.
31. In ac, c

!, zac

1 and .ac co. Fino zAcB inocrecs

+!. If0 and/arccsitivcintcers such that c

+ 2c! +/ - 1: 0, 6ndthc valucctc
-
+ !

.
33. Evaluatc thc tclcwinsum

,
'

`
,

,
'
,
+
,
+
.,.,
+

,
,
,

`
utc thc .c+'

tctm.
++. WLat5 thcsmacstpcssibcintccrvaucct suchthatthclcllcwiustatcmcutisalways
truc
In any nuj c] .o o jcreons, |/crc arc a/oaye ct |ccsl !I jcrecne o/c hcvc |/c samc
|tr|/ccye
Fcrthisqucstlcn,ycumayassumcthatthctearccxactly:c diEcrcntpcssillclirthdays.)
+. What ls thc sma|lcst pcsitivc intcgcr n, whcrc R y !, such that thc hihcst ccuucn
factcrcto 11 and3n o is tcatcrthan !:
0
bngaporc NatbcmatcaI bociety
CJDgu[OIC u\DODul1Cl LljD[JuO , CL) Z1
JunIor SectIon (JIrst Round SolutIons)
DQC LDOCC DCSODS
1. Answcr: D)
First nctc that c
~

8)`
:
~ 8' so wc scc that c > a. Ncxt, | 4`) 4
sz
and
c ~ ,4)' 4`'. Thcrctcrc wc havc |>c. Ccnscqucntly| > c >a.
2. Answcr. B)
a | c 1 1 J
|c

ca
+
a| !r
+. Answcr. ,A)
a + |` c` - 9c ca - a|
a|c
a-2a| |`) + |` 2|c + c) + c`2ca c)

a|c
a- |) + | c) + ca)`

a|c
112 1

0

20
Ncte that x
z
_
x+ J ~
a
s

1
J

sc x
:
L I 0 iupllcsthat x
s
l and x = l Ncw
L
4. Answcr. E)
x
q
,

+ x

+x

z
+ , ~ r'",1 + L + r
z
)+ x

(x x
s
)
r'" ` 0 a)'' 1)
J'' X , ~-J.
Ict .ca L and .ac p. Thcn x+ 180-36 " 144.
Ncw .aRB I30- J08.
5. Answcr: D)
x 3a
q
5
~ 0 !s cquivalcnt tc x+ 5)p - 8) = u*
If a 0 and 3 |, thcn fhcrc arc ciht dlstlnct alrs cintccrs 0| ccuntln
sins)such thata| J.

b. Answcr: B)
Bcatricc, bcing bcfwccn Mlss Pch and Miss Mak cannct lc Mlss Ong whc was bctwccn
Mlss Lim and Miss Ma. Tis mcans iai wc havc ln crdcr 6cm ihc lcf, Miss PoL,
Bcatricc, Miss Mak, Miss Ong and Miss Lim. Sc Bcatricc musL Lc Miss Nai. Sincc Ellic
was lcsidc Miss Nai ualsc lesidcs Mlss Ilm, shc musL lc Mlss Pch. This imlics 0lndy
is Mlss Iim and Amy wss Miss 0n

lcavin Daisy as Miss Mak.
. nswcr ,,
Coustruct a linc |oining C and 1. Thcn uslng XYZ| tc dcnctc tLc ca cl /AYZ, wc
kncw ihat |A!I| = !C1| 1 and lf S1E| :, tLcn |FCE| 2z.
FrtLcrmorc, wc Lavc A!S| |DCS| i.c. x 1 = x 3:, sc Z ~ .
Also, 2 Z |AJ1[ =|ACE| i.c. 2 + 2: 2x 2z, so I.
In ccnclusicn, ASC|= I + 2x 3z 4 unlfs.
C
!
8. Answcr. C)
Jcin A tc N. By symmctry, A^ NM ^ CN, and fhc lcasi vluc cccuis whcn
aN m is a straighf lIuc. Tlus llc lcasf valua is
9. Answcr: )
SIncc cE bisccis SCD, 1CE 45. 1|+CS ~ 4` alsc and /CBE is iscscclcs.
TLcrcorc SC SE.
Ncw .SCO 45 I6 UU. As CO SU, wc concludc tLat /CU1 is cqullatcral.
TLus SC ~ SO 1E givlng us an isoscclcs Iri8glc OSE. Since zOSE = 33, fhus
zSOE = 5
I0. Answcr ,
O cin

a mulLip|c ct and 3 must cnd witL '0' ad Las fhc sum cl digifs divlsillc by
3. Ciucc 3 +8 ~ I1, tLc smallcsf pcsltlvc k such iLat I X 11 is divlsillc by 3 is 3. Thus
`
~ 30333888 snd ihc rcmaindcr ls
-8 + O' +3-3 0- + 3 -5 b mcd I1).
o
Snort QuestIons
. Answer
9999 .X 9999 = .
I2. Answer 3
Iet ,o,/ leID0 ]OUI e|lnter-e:tlen etuetwegraphs. Tu0U
f O +.0o o
:
. .
It te|lewsthat..

. S|n:eI00 twegiaphslntersect at enlycnepclnt, wesce

that 0 - y U etherwlsethetwc _8]D3 0O!UCU0 andweuld aaveIUU\0y manyclnts
et|ntetssctlen Censequently .o and00U0
Answer. ..
The the numlet e multiples e .. iL the seqaeace , .,...,n ls equal te Thus the
answet te tu|squest|euI3
.

.

.

..
. Answet.
Iet ZJC 8UU ZJL = . S|c:eJ JL, Ws uaveZJ ZJC . As
B.. elews that Z..J = ... Z.JL ~ !. Then Z11 Z.11
... o 8IUC0 1 1. Net. IDa .. .
.
. In /BC, we h8V0
o 25 8UU IU .. W0 08v0 . /-. Fem I00 fwe euatiens,
weeltalno-. Bycenslderin /11, weeltaln. .o
. Answe:: .
Aaswet. O
.
aucI

1-!c

.-c-I
. J I

. ^C
)

| .

..

.C) C .

.
.
00 0Qu8LJOU [x . .. 5} ls eulveat te

.. U. TuusT
_ . 8LU
J3 ~ Il. Se
J
!7. USVCI. 0+
LC\ C CUD U! DC SdC UC 8. LUSCIVu IHu\ SLOC -

-0 SU z.J -90. JD5

8!UVS US IU 5Cu D8 :.uX|8IUIuI C /.C1.

-
_

OUV1U_ IDS CuuIUD _VuS -4u` uUd W0 CuL IDCU CUDjuC u\

-. 024
OU B -_ 8Ud -.-X __ = _. J!uS R -- 0+.
!S. LSVC 25
JLu incguuliI iS CuV8CU C
,- 2x-
,
,_ 0.
JU8 Wu UuS\ D8VC - -0 8Ud ,.- ) 0,!CLCC -

,
-

0 -2
9. USVu: b
CU[[CSC JC8U E scn| UUUICS CU \C uD. JDCL
| J0- t

_ -
JUS --0 UUuICS uLd SU J08U A COU]C!CO -Ul DC UU. OU U H -b.
20. USVC: .
IU ICCI[tCCu!S WC UO IDuI = +, -.8Ld - OUUUU_ DC !DCC
Cu81UUS WC _C
..
1CUCC
| |
-.
.

.
2. USVCI S052
,.

-,.-
.)
.
4

.
_ o + X 203-S02.
I.
,--

-, \CU ,L

-S02
22. USVCI. 0
JoI x, - -+
.
- +5 y JICU -- 90 uUO
,
.
- . ,,.+ - . 2000--
DU3
,
-
)
-
,..,.

-!00
1S DDD -,8Ud x
z
uIC US!\VC, WC D8VC Jj

-0.
!0
23. Answcr:
k - ic)
-

-
" = ((/- I0))

_ 2013'

is cquivacnt tc to k- I0) _ 2ui3- As /- !0

is an intcgcr and 44 ~ 20I8 ~ 4, thc minimum vauc cf / !u is 4, and tus thc
minimum vauc of / ls 66.
24. Answcr: I9
Rcarranging thc tcrms of tLc cquafion, wc cbtain
I 4c): = 2| + 3.
Sincc thc cquation has mcrc than cnc scuticn i.c., in6nitcy many scufions), wc must
'
3
havc l 4a = 0 and 2| + 3 = 0. Tcrcfcrc c = _ and ' = -_. Consequcnty, 1 0
'
^+4| =
19.
25. Answcr: I8
Iirst nofc tLat thc prcduct cf any twc di6crcnt 2-digit numbcrs is grcatcr ILm I00. Thus
if a 2-digit numbcr is chcscn, thcn thc fwc numbcrs adjaccnt to it in thc circc must bc
singc-digit numbcrs. Notc tLat af most ninc singc-digit numbcrs can Lc choscn ftom 3,
and nc mattci cw thcsc ninc numbcrs
'
, 2, .. , 9 ac arrangcd in tLc circc, thcrc is at
mcst cnc 2-digit numbcr in Lefwccn tcm. Hcncc it fccws tat o _ I8. Now tLc fcowing
arrangcmcnt
I 49 2
.
33, 3,24,4.
I9.

'
(

(
,I4
. . 12 8,1I,9I0,I
shows tat o _ !8. Conscqucnty wc ccncudc tat tLc maimum vauc of R is 18.
2(. Answcr: 48
Lct : c|Cc and g= cc|c whcrc a, c y0. Thcn
g- T - !000 z c c + I00 X C
'
0 X C + I0 X icc X | + a I000 z c
= 999c c) + 90c ')= 9 I11(c c) 10c |))
So wc havc I !1 c c) + 10c |) = 33. Ccnsidcr thc rcmaindcr moduc I0, wc cbtain
1- ^ 3, whicL impics tat c | = 2 TLus thc vucs Ol c and | dctcrmincs thc vaucs
cf c and C reseclively
a can takc on any value lcm I to (, and can takc any vauc lcm 0 tc I, giving ( X8 = 48
coiccs.
27. Answcr: I
_
Lcf , + 2

+ 2" =
"
and sc
2

=
"

2( I +8) m- 1)
l
4>)
If wc ct 2
'
=
"48 tcn 2"
~

=
"
- 48 and wc havc
_
_
2
o
= 2

'

j
.
i

~ 9( ~ 2 X 3.
This mcans that o / = and 2/ = 2, giving us R I2.
I I
2S. Answcr: 20S
Notc tat 8 ositlvc intccrI isa multile ot4 ltandonly ittc numLcr fcrmcdLy thc
last two diits ot/ in thc samc ordcr) ls u multilccl4. Tcrc arc

2 os3ib0 matiplcs
ct4 tat can bclc:mcdt:cD thcdllt5 0,I, 2, 3,4,, wlthout rcctition, numcly
20, +0,0, 2,32, 2,04,24,4, J, 3,.
It0 apcas intclasttwcdllts, tLcrc ac colccs tor thc6rstdiit and4 choiccs lct
thc sccond diit. Eut it0 dces not apear, tcrc arc 4 cholccs tor thc 6rst oiit and also
4colces forthescccnddllt. Tota nuHber ls
29. Answci: 0I1
4 X 5 X 4 O X 4 X 4 203.
R

'

(
1

^^-
1
:

1 _ // i)
=
4 _ | I +
I J

4

00
0J

I00I0
Sincccd01,1000) 1,wchavc R +R = 10.
30. Answcr: 3
Notc tat thc units diit ct 203
i
+ 2018
z
203

+ 2013

is cqual totLc units
diltofthc tollowln numbcr
8incc 3

= 9, 3 = 27,
+

SJ, thc units diitsofthc scqucncc ot3

,
z
, 3

, 3
+
, ,8
;

ae

9,IJ,,
9, 7,
1
,3,9, I,I 3
.ai

numbers
Frthcrmorctc sum 3+9 + I dccsnct contrlLute tc the unlts diit, sc thc answcr is
3.
J2
31. Answcr: 5
Ccnstruct acint.cn0 scthat c:is crcndicuar tc AD. JcinLandA.
Slncc Z1L =c0, MC1=30. P- sln 30 =, sc2M1 =1C. This mcans that
E1=`1 and ^ MDD isiscscclcs. It tcllcwsfhat :MSD

30 and .!A=15.
Wclurthcrcbscrvcthat / .C is alsciscscccsanathus :u=Mc.
Ncw zDM

z!MD zDA=1, ivin usyct cthcr iscscccstrianlc /1`.
Wcncwuvo mc MD = M., sc /MC is asc iscscclcs This acws us tc cacuatc
ZcM 45 andUnmly zCE=30! 0.

32. Answcr. 221

Wc havca
+
2a|3h =ah
'
(n
+
3h)= 41. Sincc41lsarimcnumoci, ud c-b o+3h,
wchavca h =1 anda+3h=41. Sclvlv thc simaltanccus cqaatlcns ivcsn=J and
h=10. Bcncc a+| = 221.
3.
A
nwc:: c2
Wc 6rst nctcthattcr1 _ I ~ |,

0 and = I. Thctctalnumocrcltcrms up tc
]is glvcnLy K(N 1), adwch8ve !bc uequuIiIy
=I93 < 2013 < 201c

Sc thc2013' tcrm is ad thcsuuu tctbls tcrml s]ust 2.

4. Answcr. 1c48
Bythcpiccnhclcrincilcinany
-
rcu ct3c5 Z 9
+
I =328ccrscns, thcrc must bc ut
cast pcrsonswhc sharc thc samc oirthday.
Bcncc scvin2n 10_ 3280 lvcs n_1648. Thus thc smalcst cssibcnis1648 sincc
2 Z 1c47 10= 3284 ~ 3c ` 9, and lt lspcsslbctcr cachctthc 3c did0eHI birIndays
tchc sbarcd by at mcst 9 crsons.
5. Answcr: c4
Ict J . 1 oc thc hi
-
hcst ecmmcn uc|oi ctn !1 and 3n+ 20. Thcn J

11) aud
J (8n+ 2). Thus J 3+2u 3(o- 11)], l.c. , c 53. Sincc 3 isu timcandc, 1, it
lclcwsthatJ=3. Thciclcrcn11 3|, whcrc /isucsitlvclntcci,sD R

3|
+
I1.
Nctcthatlcrany|, 3n20isamulticcl3slncen
+
20=3(3l-11)
+
2

3(3l
+
1}.
BcnccR =c4whcn| 1}isthcsmalcstcsitivcintccrsuchthatBCF(o11,3n
+
2u
'
`
1.
13
bngapore atbematcal bociety
Singapore MathematIcol Olympiad ( SMO, Zl
Junior Section, Hound 2)
Saturdoy, Z June 20J3 0930-J230
J. u! U < 0 c < 0 < C Du u UUUl5. UUU_ !u
|
0 SUUS U !u QS U !BuSu
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|
.
U QOSSDC VUuS U C.
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O IWU UuS.
4. 1u! u UU 0 Du ]US!Vu UIu_uS WJ! u .! . Z. 0Vu !! S UU! U U!u_ui.
. C1X UUSIC1US _!DuuU ! 0UD6 UUSC uS!V. /! uC SCDuUUu CUUCu!
8UUC UI !u UUSCuUS ]yuU Wu \u U!u!S SIuUuU S UuUDuS U Iu UUuBCu.
NDuI 1S !u CS! BUUDu U SUC CULCu!S WC WUUU UuuU Du SCuUUuu SU
I! UI CVu !WU UUSCUS uC UUS! ]y UI !Bu U!u U SUUu CUUCu!
]4
C1Dgu[OIC u!DODu!1Cu COC1O!j
o\Dga]DrC aI1CDat\Ca! L!yD]\aU , oL, ZJ
Junior CCCI1OH Hound 2 SOH!1ODS]
l. Wc uV0 o |s .:tle: c - 4 or ! - c aac
c - ! = oZ,
c - | oU,
C- f = !S,
4 - C !
Ilas C ! !, 4 C 3arc 4 ! . 1hcrccre c- !) - 4 !) c 0 oU. Hcnce
0 C o. \e tus lae c i., !

t., C - ZU.O, 4 = Zo. anc C Z.O.
Z. iace IF |s a:a|e te 0caac DI is paralc te cA, e lav. tle tiiangcs F!1,
PDB aac Lc! a:. similar Ase tl. t:|ar!es AIQ arc A0Da:. similar, EBD arc
ABc a:e s|a||a:. lt |e||es tIat
DP 0P SI S! DQ
=
PF
=
Dc

Is QA
se t!at I S parallcl to AS.

! C
3. L.i Lc su.l a :|ae, th.a . Z ad |s therefcrc coo. Tus g - Z = :
where g,f U:c :it.s. l| = |
'
aec +),tlea = 0 mod 3) ano tl.t.tere ] 3 md
= !vl|el JS iaess|be. li I = Z
'
aec 3), tler g 0 mod I) aac tlas g = 3 mo
se= 1, aa|r itess|ne. Tlas ! 0 aec +),w|el a.ars ! + atc .re. = O
arc g = . 1las = u ls te eay sacl :|t..
1o
4. V. av. u= 0U f WU0I0 H aJ|] anc 0 _ <!. Thus
-_
|
_

|
z' " 1 z'~ ]

z' |
1l-r-er. .s an .nt.-r.
Obs.rv. that : ! ` z, tl.n

'(z~ i) ` z, ....,

|
_
z'( ] <
' |
Il.r.tet. |s net an |nte.r. Ius .s net an |nt..r.
. L.t tl. aus.e|ans lc A, 0,:,D,1, !. w. ttst sle tlat teur eene-r|s arcSU CI0U\.
Ih. eut eere.rts tl ta. .rera.n nus.e.ans. A,0,c], A,1, E], B,D,E]8UU
C,1, !} sat:s|y tl. r.q+ir.a.nt. Y0sla new :ev. tlat +eene.rts 8!0 net sume|.nt.
CU]]0S0 tl-r. ar. eny tr.. eene.tts. -:ne. .v.r,en. aust .rtera at 08S\ 0UC0, \L0I0
S 8 eene.rt wl.r. te et tl. nus.e|ans, sa, A,0, a,.c. 0ut tl.y oust ase a, tet
-ael etl.t. Ilus W0 8V0 . ]80U 8nc 0|.st.n.c :n tl. s.eenc eene.rt 8UU v|e. v.rsa
.n tl. tl.rc. New :, D, F,E aust a .r|era .n t. s.eenc anc tl|rc eene.rts s|re.
th.s- ar. tl. 0Hy t:o.s wl.n ac 08!0 .n tl. auc|.ne.. It |s net ess:b|. ter \L0U
te p.rtero ter eael etl.r .n tl0 JS ccnceri. Thus tl. a:r.aua .s !.
l6
bngapOre Natbemat1ca bLcet
bDgQOIC DCU\C LyDQU (bL, Z1
[bCDOr bCCOD|
Tcsday, 4 Junczi . iz.
DQOID:
newcr II 35 vcs||ons.
En|cr ovr cnswcrs on |/c cnswcr s/cc| jriJcJ.
Ior //c mvl|ijle c|oicc ves|ions, cn|cr povr cnswcr on ||c cnswcr s/cc| |p s/cJinq /|c hn||lc
con|cininq ||e lc||cr , , C, L or I) cosjon4ing |o |/c cor~c| cnswcr.
Ior t/c o|/cr e/ort vce||ons, wr|c onr cnswcr on ||c cnswcr s/cct cn4 s|c4c t|c cjrric|c
|v|h|cs |clow qour cnswcr.
No s|cs 0I ucc4c4 |o ]vs|i_ qovr cnewcrs.
Ecc/ ncs|ion ccrrics ! mui|
No cclculc|ors cu cllowe4.
1bL 1L JL LM l `L1 1 L L L bL.
1
Mu!tIp!e LDO1CC QuestIons
I

A so sclls twc kinds ctprcductsA andL Oncday, asalesman 8cld bctAand . st tc

8du icc f2J00 to a cu3tom0l Supcscprcduct Amucs a prc6t cf 20% but prcduct .
maks a loss oI20%. Ten lis deal
A) make a prc6t ct!70,
D) muca loss cl15,
B) muc a loss ct30, C) mac 8 prcft cf175,
,E) makes uo proft cr loss.
2. How maluteer scluticns dccs tc cquatlcn x-z- 1)''

1 ave`
A) 0, B) 1, C) 2, D) 3,

i
,Mote tan3.
. :tLe x
v
-lane, wich cttcfcllcw!n is thcrc6ccticncltcrapct
alout fLe Iiue = 2x
l
B) T=
`
"
,E) Ncne ctfLe abcc+
lz
v
Iz
1-
C) T

1 g

1
D)

4. Icf R lc a pcsitivc intccr. Iind tc numbcr upcssiblcrcmainders whcn

is divldcdly 203.
,
A) 1

I) 2, C) 3,

0)4,
E) Mcrctan 4.
. Find tc number ot intecrs oauch Ihut tccquaticn
as aninnnitcnumbcrcfintccr8Oluticus x, ).
,A) 0; B) 1, C) 2, D) 3,
i)
Mcrctan.
v
i Jl d ~ J - _ IB suc tat ccsccJ sccJ

tcn cctJ fan J cquals
D)
'
(
3

8
5

i
' 6
1. C0isatra[czlumlnscrlbcdlnaclrccccntrcoatC. It|sivcnthatE

0, C0
AS
_
3zE, ad
C|
=

Elndthc ratlc
,C)

v
arcacf/ OC
aca ct/
,0)
8. A squac EC0 ano an equilatera tI8|e FQJarc inscrlIco ln acirclc cntrcd at C in
sucha way that AB

|
1. Thc sldcs FQ aud IJctthc triang|c mcct thc -de AEcfthe
squc atXand Y rcspcctlvc|y.
Jc VuO ct-.XO:is
'
I) I
: ,
C)
`

v
J

0)
2
V
~
_

v
I9
i)

.
9. VO Q0UQu _O !O Iu 8Du 8wJUDU ]OO Du\wuuU Z.].U. UU u:].U. ! IUUOu I!Lu
DU uC SwU8 O! OUu OUI. YU\ 8 \Uu CUUCu \\ Uuy Uu!:
J

A
_
4
'!)
u
E)

.
J. \VuD \I_u / :LC u\ . LU C' Du ]UUI8 OU IU0 8Uu8 .! UU AC 8UC IL\ E'
LL'. Ju! C UU C
'
Du IUu C!ICUUCuUIJu8 [.u. \U0 CuU\Iu O !0 CICUD8CID0U CICu] O
/ 1L UU / .!'L' , Iu8]uCVuy. OU]O8u LC' !UluI8uC\ Uu8 .!' 8U .L at ! BUL,
Iu8]C\Vu. !f.! ~ .L, UuU
A) AH - .c; I) .J .c, C) .c< .u~ .C;
!) .! = .L; ) .! ` .c.
!
C
CDOI! UCS!1OHS
1J. CU]]O8u U\-U_uU \IU_u S USCIIuG U C!Cu O IUJU8 1. 1u\ O UU /!u !\8 0UIu
D_08. 1 IUO = 4 \uU/, UUU \u 0Iu O \6 IJU_u.
terms
J
+
l0L - _
I 2. u\]l'

=
J

J00
OI ] ] ] ]. LU \Lu VUC cf
_J
_
_ . _
s_
J
_
''
2
+
2

-
2
1. L0I .uUU C! u ]!]uUUCU!I 86_UuUI8 UIuI8uCIIU_ I ]OU\ F. CU]QO8u \HI .P= 2,
.. = UU CF 1. 1! \Uu ]UL\8 .,!C,! u OU 0!Cu UUU Iu uL_\ O 11.
20
14. Onthcx-planc, lct b ocnotc thcrclon cons|stln clall pcints

,) lcr whicb
x
_ 10, ,-,_ l0 and _ 10
Thc la cstcirclc ccntrco
4
t 0, 0) thatcan bc6ttco in thc rcicn b nas aica /. Ilnd thc
vluc cl /.
15. Oivcn that l7 - yano l7 arcthcrcctsclthccquation
x- cx| 0,
6ndthcvalucolc|.
l
(
. Finothcnumbcrclintccrsbctwccnl ano2013 withthcprcpcrtythatthcsumclitsoiits
cquals9.
!7. Ict(x_ bc 8 pclyncmialwithlntccr cccmcicnts suchthat
|)-
|
n) oivIocsm- olcr
all lntccrs R andn. Il
|
0) ! ano(1) = 2, nnothc lacst possiblc valuccl(!00).
18. Flnothcnumbcrolpcsitivcintccrpars c,') sat|slyin a
-
~ 2013 anoc
-
|
,
(| a).
19. Ict ] ano g bclunctlcns suchthat lcr allrcalnumbcrsx ano,
v
(](x
v)
=
!|
)+
|
x+ )
v|

.
Finothcvaluccfg0) ~,(i)+ +
v
(2013).
20. Eachchccclatcccsts1 oclla, cachliccrlcc stlck costs6O ccnts anoacn lclly ccsts 1ccnt-.
Hcw muyoincrcntccmblnatlcnscl thcsctn:ec itcms ccst 8 tctal cl l0 ocllas
2I. I0t . = {l, 2, 3,4, 5, 0}. Iino thc numbcr cl d|stlnct luncticns J . . . such that
!|1|]|
n))) = n lcr alln C..
22. Find thc numbcr cl trlanlcs whcsc siocs arc lormco by thc siocs ano thc oiacnals cl a
rcularhcptacn 7-sldcopclycn).
|
Nctc: Thcvcrticcscl trlanlcs ncconctbcthcvcrtlccs
clthc hcptacn.)
23. Si scats arc arrancd ln a clrcular tablc. ah scat is to lc paintco in rco, bluc cr rccn
SUC th
4
t u twcaqaccnt scats avc oi6crcnt cclcurs. Bcw many waysarc thcrc tcpunt
thc scat-7
2!
24. /ASC is 0u ugU0Iu0 triang of 8!Uu uuI 30. 0d Iu II0uu -O taI . tcuc|s 8
oint ` OuSC. IfSX = ,IudILu V0Uu ct k, WIu: .is te uu! ct ILu Ou08u 0O!8uuC
cm tcIding.
!
j g~ .
C
25.
and bctItangent to 8II0lg|I uu . Il 0IC!u L 8 tangent ic C,, C
-
0uU t, 8uU OOu C is
IaugenI 0 C] C 8uU, BudIu I0dU8 ofC.
2(.
{
'
} {a
-
} ~ 1, a| _ 0

3
+

Z. UU iIe vlueof
2

28. A regular dcdccagcn J2-aidcd pclygcn) is inscribed m 0 circlc ct :adlus iu. uU I5 0iu0.
22
^s slcwn in tIc 6u:e beow, clrce- C] 0ud C
-
O radius 360 0C tangnf lO c cuer,
Sl { a = a a |, WBuIu a dcncfcs II 0u8I uIuuI u55 I0u ct ugu8l IO a. Iind !u
numler ct rcaIsolutlons toIu ugUaI0u
29. A IIu0uI bcx ls IO C cut trom an cquilatcral trlanglc ct cHIn 30CU. Iind tc lagcst
OssiDc VOUUC O ILC DOX in cm

) .
/

/
r
/
r
^
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
t x

\
\
\
\
\
LU
30. A nmishere is lacd cn a snerc cf radus I00CU. Tc sccond nemispcrc is Iacco cn
tc 6rst cnc, anu thc third hcmisherc ls accd cn thc scccnd cnc as sncwn DCOw). Ilnd
IC maxlmum hclght cf tc tcwcr ln cm).
h
3i. 0I -,g,Z DC I0u numbcrs such I0uI
0t H dcnctc tc miu|muuvalus c-+

+:
:
. 1LU 9n.
28
Z. \!VUU 8 UU!!8!6!8 !!!8DU O S!UU !U, UJVIUU U80U 8!U !U!O !UICU ua ]8\S CODS!I00! 8
UQU!8!U!8 !IJ8DU OD !UU U!UUU ]!, 8UU !DUU UUU!U !UU U!UUU ]!. U]U8! !L!3 S!U]
IOI U80 S!UU OI !DU I08u!!U ]OOU. !DU S

, WUUIU 5 iS !UU u!U8 O !COL OD|L0U Dy

!U]U8!!U !U!8 ]IOCUU0IU UUU!!Uy L8Uy !!UUS
33

CU]]OSU
WDUIU R I8 8 [OS!!!VU D!UU! c

, . + , c, U DOLDC8!!VU D!UU!8 SuCU !U8I 0_ / tcr /

2, * . . , R ud c ` 0. Find !UU VuUU O R.
34. 1U! ^ DU 8 ]DS!!!V0 !LCU!. 1! I8 UOWD D8! WU6DUVU! cx /x+ c| _ i IO! 8 |a| _ J
!UUU 2ca + /| _ ^ O! all],| _ ]. !DU !DU SU8US! ]OSS!DU VuUU O ^.
3c. \ODS!UUI !U!UU!S |J 2, + , JU. A]8I!!CU !S !U!!!88! J. 1! UOVUS !O 8 8U80UU! ILU_UI
!U !UU DUX! S!U]. YUu! I8 !UU 0]U0lUU UuUDUI O! S!U]S !! W! !8KU !O !u80U J OI !U0 !3!
!!LU!
24
Solutions
. Auswst. D).
Tcecrllua| v|uss s 200 20" I0 aud 200 30" 202 tsspectlvsly Tasu tas
ptctls
I0 + 202-Z X 200 -II5.
2. Answer D).
If . + 203 0, tasu = -20I3. Suppcssx + 203 y 0. Taeux- x J +.
Ix-.- , tcsts ls uc lutssr sc|uticn, it x-x- -J, thsux 0, , -. S|ucs
x + 203 i- sveu,. ct .
3. Auswer. ).
A) and B) ars tcsrshset.cus witcrsspsct tc=r ad a respect.vs|y, C) and D)
ats thstctatlcus alcut tcs ctigiuly 90 8U -l0 rsspsct|vsly
4. Auswst. A).
Icrauypcsitivsiutsgstn,
203" - 303 -I3 + III4 203 I303)-
]
I3 - II4)
20I3 303)u I3! II4)c 20u Ic,
203" -303 -1I3 II4
203 ~I3j)-

I303 II4)
20I3 I3!)x- 303- J74)g 29.- 29.
Sc 203 l303 -I3 + I4 is dlvlslo|s Ly I X 2 203 ct svety csitivclutestR.
5. Answst ,C) .
Bcwt|tscs cquatlcu as

)

x

)

, + ) )

In 0, tasu tcsts arsi unnits|y mauy iu|cctsclut|ans. Suppcssn y 0, d ths equaticn

hu inu|tsly msy iutsetsc|utlcns. Thsntaers sX8t8 B divlsct/ on succ taatg- = /
ada

) ~ nJ/ tcr luhultslymauy . Itctcssg 0, l.c., j =-I Taeun 2.

O. Answer. E).
2
!ct | sin !cos 0. Jncn
J3 I 1

I? scos J J- 2k
sin

cos

sinco)


bovc IIc cqualion: k c]I3 | = -b is rc]cctcd}. Jhcn sin?0 2k 1218 and
7. ^nswcr: ^).
cot d -tan J
cos J sin 0
~
co2J 5/J3 5
snv co J -n ?J

6]J3

6
Lct .CJ =+ and zA!D . JIcn
-
J+} 2/, tnat is, o /. Givcn tnut
__

s
''
(o

2)

}n

(/?).
2 sm(oJ2) sm(oJ2)
Jncn sin(o2) Ucncc,
8. ^nswcr: C).
o_;
~
+)

?
s+ 2 1 ?sin
(/
?)
'
`/AOE
suo 2
J
2
Lct tlc sidc ctthc suacbc 2. Thcn the raoiuscl the clrclcis ; LcfJ ~ :C1. bO
Thcn
9. Answcr: E).
Mi _ ,1
tan0J2) ~
M
Mi FMfan 30 ~ _
2tan0J2
v v
tan - _
- tan0J2)
.
IctL anog dcnctcfhcnumbcrscthcursattcr2:00p.m. thatthc 6rstano thcscccno pcrscn
v!sits thc swimmin pcc|, rcspcctivcly. Thcn
0 T g 3 and g _ T + l.
V
1 Z o
5o thcchancc thaf thcy mect ls ~
10. Answcr: ,0,.
B
C
IcI F ano F' bcthcprcccticnscl C uu on AB rcspcctlvcly Thcn
)R ~ F F'
_
B
~
_
[' ~
_
AE E'
_
['.
2 2 2 2
_
7
OJUII, ciQadQbciIcprccciicnsOlCandC' OD ACIu8]ut!JV0, iLcnQQ'


si:.O'OP= = sin.D'DQ- .O'OT= zO'DQ.
Sc zDC zAC"D". JI lclcws ID8I D" = C'.
11. Answcr: 8000.
4 200 400
.
tan a

}tan = - !O 2. D0 two lcgs arc UU rescctvcly.
I2. Answer. 9
1 200 400
Arca= _ X _ " _=8000
1 +
j
- 1 I i

Lct
''

'
=
j
0
.
j

Icn

'

'
=

1
_

.
''

'
=
__ _
100

nd
)
`''


c
'
18. Answer: U.

J
3nce /= .Dand zc=.1, lc !IUU8 /cIand /11Pa:cslmla:. TIcn
14. ^nswcr: S0.
DI I 1 2
- =- - R

z BP=- 3=0.
EI CT CT 1

IcI6OU O lsiIc UuX0D cn

scd by tIc inca

a=+10,
_
g = +1O, + _ +10.
28
Ths lsstcitclsconta|ncd in b isI0uuuI tax_ +J0. Bsucc, lts radlus is a distance
rom thu atilu 0, 0) ta:

_ =J0:
I
0
= !.
+
,
J
/
')
JO ucu oltce latsst cltcls lst|us tr =r(!)

~ 30.
J
J. Answst. J0.
Ist T_ = ,md Tg v. Thcn
c = x, ~) = 3)

, ~

)
J7 + .+ 3c| 34

'

u.
Thcn 0 = 4 and thusc| JO.
J6. Answer: J0J.
CassJ: R - J000. Wtitu n ~ c|c. Thsu
c|c=9

a,|,c [0,J, ,9}.
Casc ': J000 _ o < '000. Wrlts R Ja|c. TLcn
c | , c,|,t c {0,J, ,|.
Case 3. '000 _ o _ 20J3Thsn n= '007
_9 + 3 J
_
3 .
Thstcars, tcsts ac



+ ! 4

J J0J succuumbets.

9
1T. ^usW r- JJ.
Lct n= . O Icc , J_

lor a|7[l]_ Z. Let ](l = uI + I +c. J!1

|, n)
( ) | = = U + R
RJ U
dvidcs H + n Ita = U, 1!| = 1 .I|| = it = 0, t!n | = 1. JU8
(I = a + c, iI c c.
CJu^
,
0) = 1 u (J = Z, wc !' (I = a + 1 or ][l] = I + J. J! . 1 poSS!bl0
valuc ol 7(J] s J0U J = IU00J.
JC. . JJ.


Lct / =

o
- _. J!1
JIc only possblc postvc rutiOhu saluticn at l` /I

J = is I = J I.u, a = '.
|onvcrscly, it a = 0, t! n I is UV!UUS !. c|
Jnch 201J . a ' = 2c mlics _ JJ
19. A IsWcr .
Ict = 1. J g(](0 = ](I} lor all a. JJ8 JO' that] s . constant tunctlcn; namcy
](v = c O +uC. bo thatq(c) = q(]

0)) = ](I =. or all I, , ' !.'

(I + ]q[]= g(](a +y
))- ](I = q(c)
c = 0.
bncc . +g ls arbltray, wc mUs havc g( = U lor .. Ucncc,
g(0 g(1 + g(?U1J = U.
Z. ^nswcr: Jt.
LctI g and z U Dot thcnumbcrsol chocolaIc, lcorcc sIck .| lolly, rcspccIvcly. Jbcn
I + 0.5
y
+0.4z = J0.
or C0!/ = U, ...,J, considcr .1 + U.4z = /, i. c. 0 4z = J. Thcn
Z_ d 0_ ~
30
Sct g 28 and Z 5|. Thcu 0 20| = 0I, i.c. , 8 +2| I. Jh6u 0,. ., k/2. Sc
thcrcac [I/2 + wa,s tc usc dcllars JU6 tctal uumbcrctways is
0
_l[I/2| ) = ! 2 2 = 3.
/=0
2. Auswcr. ].
Supcsc)(J(](n))) n tcr all R. EcrOUc 0,],2}, thcrccxist distluct a,, !,, c,, i_ I,
such that J(c,) /,, )(/,) aud J(c,) = c, aud J(n) = o itn = c,, !,, ., Sc U6 tctal
ctrcquircd tuuct|cus is

+
,)
^
?

,
^

` 2 ]

22. Auswcr. 28.

Atriaulccaubctcrmcdusiu3, 4, 5 cr vs:ticss.
Scthctctal uumbct is
+ Y +J ` ? X +

21.
23. Auswcr: .
Lct n_ 2 bcauintccr, andlctb_dcnctcthcnumbcrctwaystcaiut n scats0j ... ,0_ as
dcscrlbcd, lutwith 0j aiutcd rcd. Ccusidcr S,_ wbcrcn _?.
Casc . c is aintcd tcd. Thcutucrc arc Z chc|ccs cr 0_. Thus, thc tctal numLct ctways
fci thlscasc is 2S
Casc2: c is nctaiutcdrcd. S|ucethccolcur ct0_ isuuiquclydctcrmiucd| thscclcutct
0 tulsiscquivalcut tcthccascwhcuthcrcatc n+1) scats. Thc!OIu numbcrcfwaysfcr
this cascis >,|)
8J
Wc conclude IhuI
_
__ =
_

!
+ ZO. .sclcm that O O Z. JuL O = U, b = I0
aud S = ZZ. Sc Ihc rcquircduumcrot waysi s3 X 22 = 0.
24 Pusvar. 348
b .

J
Ay thc law cfcosIne cn /`!Y ad /CZ rcspeetivcly.

.
b 30 ) 030 - ) ,

.
24
.
' 80 )
.
2430 ) .
1hcn = I4 and = Z! . Aplyin thc law ct cosinc in /J `Z aain tc oLtan
25. Answcr 40
Iet I bcIO IadiU O C . Thcn
3U0 I)
.
300
~ ,30 I) - I = 90
Icf l bcthcrudius OI c, |-
; - J'0 r)` + r) ,90 - r)
.
300 - I = 40.
J2
20. Answcr 3I
Sincc {L}+{L

}~ , x

L

~ o tcr scmcintccro. Thcn

-i
x =
2
g .
2
_ 0 .vcs 0 _ o _ 0,
2
_ -0 tmucs 0 _ o _ 90.
i{x}+{x`]y , thcn {x]

{x } = 0, which hacnscnly itx is anintccrLctwccn -0
tc 0 Sc thctctal numbcr ctscluticns tc {x}+{x } ~ is + 9I
2I ~ 3I .
2I. Answcr 2040
3+v J V
Ict o =
2
andf=
2
. Thcua/ = -2 and
/ ~ 3.
Sct S =o+f Thcn
Jou+

+2', = o +/
) ,o

+p'

)
- ofo+f")

/
u+@
O -
- u+

Nctc that | 3 ~ . Thcn fci cvcncsitivc iutccr o, ~ ou

+ -/_ b, ~
Sincc S = 2 ad s, = 3, wc canrccccdt ccvaluatc that S ~ 204

3. Auswci. 300
Thc arcais 2 X
,
X 0` X sin 30
,
300.
29 Auswcr 00
LctthclcnthandthchcihtctthcbcxLcaadh, rcsectivcly Nctcthata +2, h JO.
Thcnthcvclumc ctthc bcx is

g g

_, ' , , '
X 0
,
00
4 2 2 2

2 Z
Thccquality hcldsit^J2= 2,

, i. c. , a = 20und h = 5/,
33
30. Answcr 300
P
r x
r \
r x
r \
/ x
Ict thc iadlusclthc ith hcmisphcre lc ,mctrc r, = ) . Sct / - c
ByCauchy lncquality,
Thctctal hciht / _ r,+ r + + +, _l +,= 3 m = 300 cm
Thc cquality hclds it,= t =0, , 2, 3.
3I. Answcr. 3 .
It is clcar tnat x ,
7
,
-

`
1 Nctc that
0 =.+
v
+ -
-.
y

_
-
,I

) + { ,.
v
) + ?,I :)
Withcut Icss ofgcncrality, asumc that Z _ 0. Thcn L = y) + , :) _ O ud slmilarly
_ 0 Sincc
31
wc havc /3_ Z _ 0. LL IO OIOI hand,
:

z = x

x

+
__
3
,
I - :) I :)

~
,
I - :)
2

z
=
I - 3:

3:
L0IO08u8 08 Z LCu08u8. Ju minimum H = 5/9!sclta!ncd0I z = -IJ3 0ud x=g 2/3.
32 Answcr 4300
uI c

duLOI0 thc arca OI thc rcion cltalncd 0 thc oth 8IO. JuL c, = 25 and
J
_
_ _
c

c
-i - _ _
c, I0I 0 n _ I . Juu
c
`

_
, ),
c,
= c, .

_
J
= 25y ~
8 oLCIu08u8, c

tcnds lO O
=
2\ = 40v O0 c 4300
J8. Answcr 00024
I
uI

=
20I3

Thcn
| |
n' o' o'
xn

= ci u+^z
2
+c-i_
.
1
]
c

n . o.
u - I) ' o I

' ^
x o - I
)
' =c o

I ) ' c

2
'

-i
,
_

. n 1 . o
OO R is Iu smallcst intccr such that n' x 8 8 0Iuu, I . u. , 20I3
i

o' , O cqu!valently
0I ' o' uC0U8u 0I !sthc 0Iu8I IIUu div!scrO 20I3.
, 000

Smcc _ = I0, o I000 - I0) X 0I 00024

34 Answcr 4.
uI O, ', clc6xcd. Sct{ x)
=cx+|x+C. JuL
{,
-I) - ' . )'
0) = . } ) = + ' c
O0Vu Iu 8y8IuU tcct
. 1
c -

!,
I
!,'
)

!,
35
O0O8O ]I) _ I lcr all _1. JOL
. =
: ,] -) - 2
1,O) +
+
,1, !)
_
-
.

- ,

'
2
4
Mcrcovci, . 1 _ 1 whcncvcr I , and .. 4 |s achicvcd at d1.
oO. Answcr. S .
Ict L d0LO!O tLO OXOC!Od Humbc O 8O8 !t 8O8 O _O UOU k- I to k, k 2, . . , I0O
OL L, = 1+ J [,, )
-
wc UO5 ! = ! .
8COu that L . JuOL J =s, , , . . . , ,

! OO
-

+! + ' ' ' + Ljq

-
3+ ' ' ' + = S .
d
CDgu[OIO BDCDu!Cu COCIOj
Singapore Mathematical Olympiad [ SMO) ZUJ
Senior Section, Round 2)
Saturdq, 29 June 20J3 0900- J300
l. Inthc trianlc !C, I ` At, thc cxtcnsicnclthcaltitudc ADwith D lyin
insidc It intcrsccts thc circumclrclc | cl thc trianlc ABt at I. Thc circlc
thrcuh Iandtancnt tc1C at 1 intcrsccts0 at Q distinct lrcm I withIQ
DQ Frcvc that AD =BD - DC
2. Iindall pairsclintccrs ,H o) suchthat
3. Ict !, , !

, + lca scqucnccclpositivc rcalnumbcrssuchthat tcrcacho

l,
2
! ! !
!
.:

! Z

o
Shcw thal thcrcis apcsiivc intccr such that
n=
0
I
!, 0_ J0!o
4. In thc tcllcwin 0 X U array, cnc can chcosc any / X l sularray, wlth ! / _ U
and add J tc allits cntrics

Is it pcssilctcpcrtormthc ccraticna 6nitc numlcr

cltimcsscthai lhccutricsinthcarray arcmultiplcsclo
! u I 0 Z 0
0 z 0 J Z 0
J U Z 0 Z 0
0 l u Z Z 0
i i ! J Z U
0 u 0 U U 0
. Icl l, g bedistinct rcalnumlcrssuchIhal isanintecrlcrlourccnsccutive
positivc intccrs H. Frcvc thal is anintccrlcr allpositivc inlcgcrs H.
O
bngapore Natbematcal 5ocety
Singapore Matbematical Olympiad [ SMO) Z1
5enior Section, OUDU 2 solutions)
J .
Lct lhc cxtcnsion o Dmecl C al J. Sincc .II = o` , JJ is a diamctcr o |.
Thus ZJ.J = o so haI J: l s arallcl lcB: 1his mcans BCAF is an lsoscclcs
lraczcld CI 1 Lc lhe lccl ol thepcrpcndlcuIar lrcm J cnlc B: Then 1J = D
aLU .JJJ is a rcclalc. Sincc Z.JJ - 45 , AIF! is in lact a squarc UO lhal
.J JJe Thcrclcte, BD~ 1L =BD - 11 = JJ = .1.
Z. Whcn m=, o=Zand whcn o= , m= Z 1csc arclhctwc oLvious soluficns.
m, o) = , -:) , :, ) . Wc'llshcwlhal lherc atc no solutions whcn mo/
Suposc mo< I m. , o< , lhcn
TLus m o - : cr m= i , o ~1 uC this is not a solufion. If H < and o ` ,
lLcn
WDIC is imcssille
+
IcmCauchy-Schwarz IU6Quu!, wchavc
ilA _ I.
=2

Z 20I3
- I
-
I0I3
4. 1hc answcr isnc. Lcffhccrllnalartaybc A Ccnsidcrfhcfcllcwinarray
0 I I -I I 0
-I 0 I -I 0 I
M =
-I I 0 I I
I I 0 I 1
I 0 -I I 0 -I
0 -I -I 1 I 0
Mulfiply fhc ccrrcspcndin clcmcnts cfthc fwc arrays and ccmufc thc sum modulc
3 If' s casy tc vcri[thaf fhis sum is invrlant UUCOI thc lvcn ccratlcn Sincc thc
otilnalsumls 2, cnccanncvcrcltainanarraywhcrcallfhccntricsarcmultlplcscl3.
. Nofc haf
Lcf I . Thcn 0, I = I and lcr H _ 0, Iq
-
0_ C = 0, wlfh
0 ,J
,
andc = s. ThcnlfsumccsfcshcwUu 0, C C .
Ifc = 0, fLcncifhcrJ 0UIg= 0. Sayg = 0. Thcnl x

' , wD J /U. LuU

1 = C . Fcm
"
1
"
G 7, it folIowsfhaf J C . Jhus G for all H. Thc
casc 1 = 0 is similar.
J
Wc ncw assumc that ey 0. Ict C lcr H = H H + I , U U 3. `OI0 that
c

= xp)

= t_ - tt

Thus c , c
-
C . Thcrclcrc C - C . Js bclcte,
wc Lavc c G . IbcthI_qj ,i,,_ arc , thcn uslnfhc rccurrcncc, wccanshcw easily
fhat I 0 lcr all H a ccnLradicticn. Thus cnc cl0U is ncnzcrc. Nctc that, with
l = U l crU Z, whichcvcrisUOUZCIO wc havc
Frcm thc rccurrcncc,it lcllows LOUCIOL that |, can bc rcprcscntcdas t = ].

')
wL0rU ]

._ X) IS apclyncmialwifhintecrcccmcicnts, OO]

.j = H 1 andwiththc
cccucicntcX

= d
]
. Sincc0 G 8 arccfclthccquaficn],X) = l,,_ , ' e
1
CIDguQOIC uDCDuICu! COCJCj
CJHgu[OIC uHCDuICul L!jDQ1uO [ CL| ZUl
[LQCD CCC\1OD, II8 IOUDO|
NCODC5Oy, JUDe Z1 -1Z DI5
D5tUCOD5 O CODC8D8
1 . 08uc| II ?5 guc8l0u8.
<. W|lc g0u 008uc|8 0 l0c 008uc| 80ccl ]!u0c0 000 8000c l0c 0]]|0]|0lc 0u00|c8 0c|0u
g0u| 0u8ucI8.
J. ^0 8lc]8 0|c ucc0c0 l0 ju8l)j g0u| 0u8uc|8.
j. J0c/ quc8l0u c0Ic8 1 mui/.
5 0 c0|cul0l0l8 0D 0||0uc0.
Pb L L LNIH 1I1L L1 A JL 3L L bL
41
I Thc sum
I I !
X 2 X 3

2 X sX 4

3 Y 4 X O
-

I00 I0 J02
canlccxprcsscdas aacticnin its simplcstcrm Ind 0 + |.
2. Dctcrmlncthc maximumvaluc c

I+ cosL
2
, whcrcI rancscvcrall rcalnunlcr-
mI +cos i +
3. Ict luandtan/ bctwo solulon- cthc cquaticn r
-
- 3x- 3 0 Flnd thc vluc c
- , /)
s-n,+ /)ccs - /)
s0o

,0
+ /)
,Ncte. |i dcnctcsthc abscutcvalucotT. )
4 a,,:-- that 0_ ,c

, 0 , 0q, ls 8 arlthmctic prcgrcsslcn with 0_ . 0 and s

, = cj
IctO
n j+:
c, i-intcgcrsR _ I IindtclntccrR suchlhal S, hasthc
UuU valuc.
T
O. ga) tan
_
cr 0 - J - T and IgI) ) = sn 2I, hnd thc vaue c / -u0h tat
/t =30v.
b Ictg,) lcastrictlylncreas!ngluncticndenncdcr alI _ 0. It ls Lnownthatthcranc
ol tsati[in
is < - u. Iind 0 - |.
. 1hc hurcLclcw shcws an 3 X 9 rcctanular board.
How manysquarcs arc thcrcin thc abcvcrcctangularlcard:
8. Ict 0 0, C bc pcsltlvcrcalnumLcrssucthat c +
C 20!3 Iindtc maximum valuc
o + I2+ + I2+ + I2
9. Ict = ccs` I0 -
co

0 - sln 40in O
-
. Dctcrminc thcvluccI00A
42
I0 P88UUu I0I 0 ; { I , I } OI 0 i = I , 2, ' ' ' , 20I3 !lLd Iu u08I O8IVu LUUuI OIu
OOWIL uXIu88OL
I I . Ict u 0 LOIOLduBLud OL LOL-uIOIC0 uUUOuI8 8UCI0I
OI 0 L y 0. JLd t3)
I2. JD Iu IUIu COW, 1C! 8 08gU0IO WIU! = 20 CU LOIdruwnIO 8C0u) . P88UUC I0I
^ 8 0 OLI 8UO I0I IC 0Iu0 OIu 8u0dud IuIOL 8 40 CL
-
. Ld IL CuLIIUuIIu8.

^
!
I3 JU Iu III0Lu !C, 0 CIICu 088u8 IIOU Iu OLI , IC mUOILI ! OI AC, Iu
UIdOLI 1 O ! 0Ld I8 I0LuL IO Iu 8du !C 0I ! OUpO8u
uIuILILOIu 8zu O Z!!1 IL duuu8.
4. uI 0j ,o_ ,0 , ` ` u 0 8ugUuLCu O IO0 LUUuI8 u 0 uOLuIIIC IOu88iOU. uI b
o

+ 0 + ' ' ' ~0_ lo 0 IuIuuI8 n _ I P88UUu I0I Ojq = I0 0LU bq = 1u. !iud Iu
V0Uu O Oqq
I . Ld Iu LULuI O IIuu-dI LULDuI8 WIC 0Iu UUpu8 O 3 0Ld 0u lOIUud IC
d!I8 0, I, 2, 3, 4, , 0, WIIOUI IuCIIIOu.
43
!b. C ]O8\IV6 IU!C_CIS WICU 8C CO-J!U6 \O ZU1Z u6 !OU]6U IU 8 LC!6aIL OLU6I
IU SUCL u Wuy \u\ \C n' !OU u5 2n ! UUUDC!S. OO, thc HIS\ \!CO rOups in \UIS
!OU]I0 8IC
)
, ,3, , ] , 9, I I , !o, !b, !] . 1! IS KUOWU !u ZU!3 D6On_5 IO \6 /'" _!OH.
1IUO tnC V8U6 U /
^Ot6. WO IU!6_6I5 8IC SuIO \0 DC OO-]IIUC 06I! _!6a6S COUUOU OIVISO! I 5 . )
1 . uD6 DHLD6!S 1 , Z, o, ' ' ' , 8!0 !uUOOUy OIVIOCO IU\O lWU LOU-6U]\y 5HDSu\S. J0 ]IOD8-
DIIy \D8 U6 SUU O! \6 DUDD6!S IU \D6 lW0 5UD508 D6U_ 6Uu \5 - 6X]!6SS6C IL I6
v
OV6S\ !6!U. ILO g
S IDU 0 UUDD0I O !Cu !OO!8 O thcCquu\IOn O_g l _U__ l _ Z =U.
[^O\C. _l_ O6UO\6s IC Juu\CSI IUCC! UO\ 6=CC6OID 1. )
!J. U \D6 \!IuUC /!L, /! = AC, z = UU , 1 IS \6 mIU]OU! O JL L S IC LCOIU\
O C uUd ! S u ]OIU\ OU .J SUC tat !J IU\C!SCC\S L I u\ J aUC !, !, J, 1I6 OU 8
OI!OC. u /J IL\6!S60\ CI ai H. LIVCU 1 ~ Z, LUO \C 6U_ U JJ.
ZU. IUU \D6 \U\8 UUUC! U US\IVC U\6_uIS R DO\ UOJC \UuU 203 SUC \Uu\ r
-
5n J S
0IVI5JD6 Dy O.
Z1 . 1U u CI!CC U CCU\!CO u\ C, ' uUO J!` u6 CIuUC\CIS ]6!]CUOCUu! ! O CuC O\C! SUCu
\D8\ \6 ]OIH!S /, !, ' ,! u!6 arancd IL an8U\ICOCWIS6 S6LS6 IL \DI8 O!U6!. 6 ! D6
u ]OID\ OL C UIUO! u!C /' !' Slc tLat IU\CISCC\S 1' u J uLO !! IU6!500S //'
u\ C. CU]]CSC \UC 8!Cu O 0 UuU!Iu\C!u /!L1 S 1UU. !DU \D6 !uUIUS O! 0.
ZZ. ASCqUCLCC a, , e
-
, a, , e
-
, ' WI! c, ~ IS UCHUCO Dy
a, = .a,a,,, J+i
U! u H ~ 1,2, o, It |

= + - O! 8 n ~ !, Z, o, ' ' ` , !UO \6 8I_6S IU\6_6I P SUC
c

that
O! 8! ]O8I\IVC iU!O_6I n _ 2.
Zd. IDU !C uICS\ !6u UUUDCI SUcn \D8\ u \I6C !OO\S O \D6 6Uu\IOu D6OW 8I6 pOSi!IV6
IH!C_C!S.
x

- + !)
.
+ , I - I): UO]
24. L6 0 !, C, 1 D6 4 UI5IUU UOuZ64O ID\6_6!5 SU0D \0\ c + | + C + 1 U uUO \C L0DCI
= |c cd) cc - c, ,a| - cd) I6S S\!0\y D6\WC6D JU!UU ud U'UUU. L6\6!UIU6 !D6
V8U6 O M.
ZO. U !C \!IuUC /!L, ! O'o, !C = 0ZU, L. = 45. 6\ 1, Q D6 ]OIU\S OU \C S\UC
JL, 0LO ! y / \D6 ID\6!S6CI!OL U \C ILC /Q WI\ \U6 CI!CULCIC!6 0 O! \C \IuU0
.JL. OH]]US6 J! I5 ]8I86 \O .L 8LU U6 0I!0UU0I!C!6 U the!!uUC JQ! \S uUCU\
\U 0 u\ I. IUO !Q.
44
C1Dg[OIC \DCD\JCl Society
C1Dg[OIO DODu1Cl LjD[1uO CL, ZUl
[Open Section, JI8\ round Solution)
. Answcr. I 2SII
COUOD. Ict Sbcthcrcquircdsum. By usin mcthcdcfdlcrcncc,
I

I I I

I X 2 2 X 3
+
2 X 3 3 ` 4
+

I00` I0I
-
I0X 02
=
2I
I0302
Bcncc c + | = I23II
2. Answcr
COUOD. Ict g =
I- ccsx
2
. Whcnccsx-I = 0, g = 0. Othcrwisc,
smx + ccs x +

I
I - snr
ct D " ! 8 cca that o _ 0, and sc g _ I whcrc thc cquallty hcds whcn
+ ccs :
o = l
Thus thc maximumvaucotg is Whcn sn x = - .
3. Answcr J
COUOD. Wchavc tan o + tan8
=
3 dtan o tan3 -3 Bcncc
Bcncc
andsincc
3 J
tano+/) =
-
__= _
sn
z
,o + /) - " sn, - +
)cc, o -/
) - 3ccs ,O

|)
cos ,o - /)
= ccs ,o - f) `

-
tan
_
+

ccs

o++

ccs o-/) os
,
+
/)
J `
I
wc havc CO3
2
O +6) =
2
. Thus, wc bsvc
sin
z
, */) J sin,+/)COs,o ) > ,o+ /)

J =3
4

L
4 Answcr. 20
bOUOD. Ict 0 0 + n 1)c. As
wchavc 1a, + c) 0 + !2c), and sc 20_ + 39c 0 8c c < u and
c;a + 0/
0 + I9c + c

+ 20c- 0.
OO 0_g > 0 lut c
;
, 0, 8 a,, a
-
, + J aud 0_g + c;
j 0 Thus 0_ , 0_ , 0 , 0j, is an
dccrcasingscqucncc ad
0_ > 0 ~ ' ' ` a,, ~ 0 . 0_ .
Icncc S has thcmaimum vauc whcn n Zu
Answcr. 8l
4 tan ! tan~
bOUOD. Nctcthat gr) ) sIU 2r = 2 sin x ccs r =
_

Icncc
1 + _ ! + tan _
_
_
,_

2,

1

4
2 I + _ 1 + 9
v
!/ _) 30v, thcn /=8!.
0. Answer. 2
L
c
l 39
bO!UOD. Nctcthat2t
-
+t+ 2 t + _ +_. 0. Bcncc(2t +t +5) < (t -3a+2)
ls truc iand cnly i
2t
;
+ t + 5 ~ t 3t + 2,
whichiscqulvalcnttc(t +3) t +1) ~ d. Bcncctbcrancc tsatis[inthcivcnincquality
ls -3 < t < - , whlchyiclds 0 -!) - -1, 2.
L
7. Answcr. 24u
COUOD. By ccuntlngthc numlcr cfsquarcscdincrcnt tycs, wc cLtaln
8 9 - Iu
I X 2 + 2 1 + 1 Y 4+ 1 ` 5 + ` 0 + 0 ` 7 + 7 X 8 + 8 ` 9 =
3
240
8 Answcr l35
bOUOD. Nctctbat
+ J2+ + I2 + + !2) _ 11a + I2 + 3| + I 2 + 3c + 12)
9c + | + C + I2) 920I3+!2) 9 X 2025,

whcrc thc cquallty hclds i3c + l2 3| + 1` = 1e + I2, i c. , 0 | C 07I . Thus thc

answer is3 4 8.
L
10
9 Answcr 5
bOUOD. Ict
Thcn
and
A +. =2

ccs 40`
A ! ccs 20 + ccs 00 + ccs 20 - 2 cos 0 cos 40 + ccs 20
O

ccs 40 - _
Thus 2A = and 00A = I5
I0 AnswcI- 0
COUOD. Notc that
2 _ c, c ,c, + c, ` ` ` + ^
-
,;s)
-
, ^] + c, + ` z,;z,
i _.<,_,i
,
- c, + c, +c
-
,,,,

- 20

y thc ivcn conditicn, c ' c_ + + c,, ls an cdd numLUr bctwccn -20 3 and 20 3
incusivc
Also nctc that thc minlmum csitivc intcgcr ct a

-20!3 tci an intccr T is 45

-
20I3 I2
whcn T 45 cr 45. As an illustration, T - 4
^
can lc achicvcd ly taln c, - c, ~ c =
^, =

and tc ctcrs c , c,, ,c,, to ccnsist cf cqua numlcr o I 's and ' s.
Thus thc lcast valuc is '
-
-
0
Answcr 2
bOUOD. !6tt!n L = -p, wc gct
!cttin T wc ct
Jhcn 2I X ) + p X 2) ivcs
. 2
2Ipt -I) =
p
z
p

29f)
_
t
,

_
^
4

_

v

clvin tcr t
,
, wc have I,p) - ,? + ) 1hu J) = 2

2 Anwcr. O
bOUOH. \UOO80 u cint P On D A snc that `A M A =T.
4
1)
(2)

A
M

It is clcar tlaf `. and ^ MAE arc congrucnt b, 8A8 tcst. Ict O bc tc a!cd 0
/^A. Thcn arca o IN =
20
.
is also clcar that arcas O !! snd
T
^CM arc cqual lo40cm . It ollows that
20 T 20
Arca of ! = -S+ S= -S,
T T
so tal
20
S =40cm , lhal ls, S=2x.
T

Arca0 A.+= _ X x X 20 = I0x. 0n fhc othcr hand,
Arca c M = Arca o/!+ Arca o^AM

20
_
_
S
T
ZU + r 20 + x
= -S = X 2x = 220 + x) .
T T
8o 2 20 + x, = I0x, whlch mcans that AM = x= 5cm.
3. Answer 20
bOUOH.

Icf 1C = a, c.= | and AB= c. Ict ~ a and DC =c, . Isin tcowcro! wlt
rcscctto thccircc, wchavc a =c/2. 8imIy, c = | /2. Tus + c=v,c, + c

) =
48
c, ci !c = | +c)

. Thcrctcrc,
Thcrclcrc, Z. " 00 . CILCC ., !, !, J uIC CODCyC!C, Z!!!= 20 .
4. Answci. 0
COUOD. Lct r lcthc ccmmcn ratio otthis gccmctric scqucncc. Tus
Thus
and
8
wc havc
+ + r

a _
;

Sc c

isclthci 2 O! J. As l`` . 0, r' 2.

Hcncc
S
-
,
] +l + ~r`') = c

+r + + r') , +r' +r' + c,
~ 0` + 2+ 2

+!`) ~ 50
5. Answcr. 00

L
COUOD. Nctc that an lntcgcr !8 a UU\!C cf3 lfand only il the sum cfits digifs is a
multllc cf 3. Alsc nctc that thc sum uIthrcc ntcgcrs 0|, C is 8 multilc o J il anoOuy
ifcithcr i, c, |, C all lavc thc samc rcmaindcr whcn dividcd y 3, or ii) 0, |
.
C haVc fhc
distinct rcmaindcrs whcn dividcd ly 3. scrVc that thc icmaindcrs O 0, , 2,3,4, 5,0,I
whcn dlvidcd Ly 3 ac 0, , 2,0, , 2,0,I rcsccfivcly.
Fcr CasC i, , tlc cnly posslllc sclcctions such that all thc thrcc mmLcis havc fhc samc
!cmaiLdcr whcn dividcd Ly o arc {0,3, 0} and {, 4,I} . With {0, 3,0j , wchave4ossiLlc
numLcis ncfc that anumLerdocsnct eln wlth 0) ,andwlth {,4, Ij,fhcrc arc0O88DC
chciccs.
Fcr casc ii, , ifthc chcicc ofthc numLcrs dccs UOI IuCUUC, thcn thcrc arc2 3 2 3' =
;
2,
i f0i s!DcUdcd, thcn thcrc arc 3 X 2 X 4 choices.
1ULCU tlU tctal numlcr O!ossillc tlrcc-dlglf UUUDCI8 is I2 + 24+ 0 I 00.
L
0. Answcr. 32
49
CODOD. Nctc that 20I2 = 2 X oO3 , and that 503 is a primc numbcr. Thcrc uc J006
multilcsct2 lcssthanOJ cqualtc202, thcrcarc4 UUltiplcs ci03 lcssthancrcqual tc
202, thcicaie2 mult!lcsO 00 lcssthanDI cqualtc20J2. BythcFiinciplcclIuclusicn
and Exclusicn, thcrc aic u06
'
4 Z = 003 csitivc !ntccisnct mcrcthan 202 which
arc nct cc-rimc tc20J2. Bcncc thcic aic 20I2 - 003 = 004 csltlvc intcgcrs lcss than
2O2 whiCh arccc-rimc?ith 20J2. hu5, 203 isthc I005' nUmbCr cc-rimcwith202
Nctc alscthat thcsumcfthc6rst cddmmbcis equals
'

, andthat 3J

00 32

,
thc numbcr 203 mUst bc lnLhc 32thrcup. Bcncc /= 3 2
I Answcr. 67
TLc tctal numbci ctways ctdividiu thc scvn numbcrs intc twc ncn-cmpty subscts is
2
=
,
3

Nctc thaf sincc I + 2 +3 + + 7 23, thc sumcithc numLcrs !ncach ct
thctwcrcuslsJ4 Nctcalscthatthcnumhcis 5, , Icannct bc!nthcsamccup siucc
5
'
6 7 = I8 . J4 Wcccn-idci!hrccscaratecascs.
Casc i) 0nly
,
and 7 inthc samc icu and in fhc cthcrrcu
{2, 3 , 4, o}, {J, 6,7}
Casc i|) . 0nly and in tlcsamcrcup and I in thccthcircu.
{ I , 2, , 6} , {3 , 4, }
{ 3 ,

6} , {J, 2, 4, }
Casc iii) . Only 5 and Iinthc sac rcup and 0 in thc cthcr icU-
{2,

, 7} , {I , 3 , 4,6}
Bcncc thcrc arc 4 suCh pcssibilitics. Thus thc reguicd rchability !s yicldin that
l
' { = 6 c
8. Answcr. J
bODOD. lct u = lc
i
Lj andr = lcL u. Sc 0 _ I ~ Tm
u
'
r) = u + 2.
Casc I . r = 0.
Thcnu

= u
'
2 andsO u = 2 cr u -1, ccricscndintcL = J0 = I00 andT = I
:
=
0
Casc2 0 < r < I
!u thiscasc, + 2 is 8 lntcerwhichisnctaccmlctcsquacand
r = - u.
AsI > 0, wc havcu _ 2 8ut u + 2 is nc accmpctcsquarc. Sc u _ I . Asu+ 2 _ 0 and
nct a ccmplctc squarc, wc h8vc u _ u Bcncc u {0, I }
Iu = 0, thcnr = , - 0 ` I , nct su!tablc.
Itu = I , thcn r = , Sc lc
:
T = ,andL I0`.
Hcnccthcanswcrl s3.

0
9 Answcr
CODOD.

Jcln PD. Thcn zDFC = zFLD = 45 = zDAC sc that D, F, A, C arc ccncycl!c.

Thus .AFC = ADC= Ju It tcllcws tnat EA = I = ID EC Ict.FAH = J.
Thcn .FCD = J Tnus zEFC = zCP= 45 - J sc .AEL 90 2J. 1hat is
.ABE 2J. 1hHs tan 2^ = AEJAB= IJ2. Fromthis, wc gct tanJ = 2 1hcrccrc,
FH = AF tan ^ = +2) - 2) = l
20 Answcr 0
CODOD. Nctcthat o'+ o+9 = o' + 5o

+I0= n - )
'
+ I) o+ I) + 5,n + 2) .
t o cr 4mcd5) , thcn div!dcs n ! or n+
t o 2 cr 3mcdo) , thcn d!v!dcs n +
It n 0mcd 5) , tncn o docsnct dlv!dc r ! )nn + ) lut d!vldcs 5o+ 2) , ncncc dccs
nct dI`d0 n' + oo+ J.
Thus, thcrc arc 20I0 o = 402mnltilcso trom Ito 20I8 Thc numbcr ct!ntcgcrs thus
rcqnlIcd is 203- 402 = !0 ! .
2! . Answcr. 0
CODOD. S!ncc ACintcrsccts BDat right anlc, thc aca c thc ccnvcx quadrilatcral
ABCD ls AC BD. Lct M bc tnc midoint ct FL. As CAI = ABD = 45 , and
zBCA = zBOM = zDAB, wc havc /ALC ls simllar tc /BDA. Thus ABJBD =
ACJEA Fcm thls, wc havc ABCD) = C B AB= OA sc that OA 0
5!

22 Answci. I 3
bODOD. Oivcn that c 2
-
c,_+3c,,
:
wc cLtain a,

-,
"
Thus W0 havc
?
-
+
2 - Wc thus havc ~

3 !+ tcr all n I , 2, 3, + Icttin
-
,
: - -+i --
!
c,
= + -, iI is clcai that thc scqucncc ]|jlcllcws a ccmctric prcicssicnwith nrst
n
tcim 9

! + - ", and ccmmon ratic 3 Thus, tci n

! , 2,3, ' | I

-

3

tcr n

I , 2,3, ' ' '
lct ]n) _ _
|

/ 2
n
4
o 2, 3, 4, It is clcar that ]n) is an
/=l
r
c
z /
k=l
'
incrcasinmnctlcnsincc
]n I ) ](n)

-_ . 0
n +
Thus
)
o) isa sriictlyincrcasinscqucncc in n. 1hus thc minimumvaluc ct]n) cccurs
whcno 2.
I I 1 n
I.
2
)
=
3
+
4

>
24 `
tcrcin n - I4 Thus thc lacst valucotintccrP is 3
23. Answci 0
bODOD. 0Lscrvcthat .= I isaways arcctcttbc cquaticn
5. 5_+ i,

+ ! !) .+ ! = 0

ThusthiscquaticnhasallOoIsositivcintccrsitandcnlyitthctwcrcctsctthccquaticn
Lclcwarccsifivcintccrs
5. 5x+ 00 I
0.
Ief u, v LcthctwcicctswiIh u _ v. Thcn
imlyinthat
u'v ,
nv 0- !
)
J5,
5uv 00 u+c) ! .
Bythiscxrcssicn,wclncwthatu, t aicnctdivisiLlcLy anycncct2 , 3 , 1. Wc alschavc
5nv ~ U +v) , imlyinthat
ano sc n _ 20. As
2 ! ! 5
- +


u n v `
c6n -
v =
5n - 0
'

wcbaVa 5u- > 0 and sc n _ !4. Sincc U is nct a multilc cfany cnc ct2,3,I ! , wO
huVO
I L ]I, I9,23,25|
Ps v = _, cnlywhenu= I , v = 59is au ntcaI.
52
JU8, OLy whcn=U +L = +9 = b, !uu cquaIiOU
uI` J _ + ) x
z
+, ) x+ = c')
has athrccIOO8 bcinpcsitivcintccrs c
24. Answcr. J344
bOD\OD. Eirstwc shcwthat Mmust DC u squarc Ict J= -c ! c JOL |c a =
|c + cc + '+ c) = c + c) c+ ') , cc - ' = cc+ !,c + ! + c) = | + c) |+ c) , nd
c| cJ= c'+c c+|+ c) = c +c) c +|) . JOIcOrc M= c + ') '+c) c +c) . Nctc
lLatc + |) | +c) c +c) C0LLOI O 0L OOUiLIc_c! sincctwcO thc3LuUIOr8 c,!, cU8I bc
Olthcsamcarlty JCOLy squcs [JU100, Jo00U} cJ! , 3I2 , 3!3 OLCC J 0LO
o1 arc OOC, thc cnyV0O O Mis 32= 9I344 Whcn c = !3, |= , c= 0, a= 19
it ivcs = JIJ44
Zu. Answcr. c4
bODOD.
Eiist byccsinc iulc, CO8 C = 2JI. OLOC . 0!OuI IUC QO!CuOICU8 D8CC!OP O! !C O
OI IO ]OL .' OL . JOL AA 1C 8 uL 8O8COO8 IIuOZOIO W!IU .'. arac !O 1C.
Jus .'. = !C Z.C CO8 C = uZ0 - 2 X 4 X 2JI = ZD0. LOL8OO IO OmO!O!y h
CCL!OO 0 ! UuIU_ O C!CLCCO O JQ! !O u. YO u0VO h[Q) = A, 0DC hP) = A
DCC0u8O 1Q 8 u0O IO .'.. J8 .' ,J,J uC COILcar uLC ..'JC 8 0 ]u8CO_!u.
Bcncc JC = ..' 20, uLO J Is !O UC]OJLI O 1C. AL J.' = C. 455. P8
1.' X J! !J X !C, W0 0VO 45 X J! 200 _VU_ JJ = I040JI. OLCO thc
Iri an_as JQJ uLO .'.! u!C 8Uu!, WO D0VO JQ].'. !J!. . JhOCO!a JQ =
Z0 I040JI) /45+ 040JI)= D4.
58
bngapore Nathematcal bocety
SIngaore Mathonatical Olympiad ( SMO) ZJ
Opou CCC\OD, OUDU 2)
Saturday, July 20J3 0900- J300
J. Ot u ,0 , + + lc a 50U0UCC O intcgcrs dc6ncd I0CUI5IVOy Dy a, Z0lo and lcr
_ i U_gj is thc bUU O tLc Z0o`
b
OW0! O th0 diits O a, Dcthcre uXI5I
disfinctositivc incgcrs i, SUCU that U c `
2. 0I 1C Du an acutc-angcd trianc and lct D, 1 and 1 D0 thc midpcints cl
DC, C and 1 I05CCI!V0!. !OU5!IUCI a circlc, ccntrcd at thc orthccentrc O!
IIlUUlC ADC, suchthattrianle 1C i0b intLcUIOIIOI clthcCIC0. 1XI0LO 11
IO U!CIS0CI thc circlc at F, JJ IO intcrscc hc C!ICC at anU 1J tc intcrscct
thc citclc at F. Shcw that .J - 1Q = CP.
3. Lct 1 lcapcsiivcintccr. 1IOV0 thattLcrcCXI5I5 a positivc intccr H suchthat
U`

` U` U` - Z0Jo has at lcas 1 disinctprimclactors

4. Lct J bc a nnic ncncmptyset clintcctsandlct U lc U c5itc intccr SUpo5O
that
ny J C E may lc writtcnas g Z !OI somc g, Z Q E,
J 1 _ l _ H anU I

, + + , Jg Q E, I0U Jj ~

+ J = U.
3hcwthat 1 has at lcast ZU- Z distinct u0U0L5
. Lct ABC lc a triaucwlth infcral SIU0 lcnths such that zA= oZ1. ILU thc
minimumvalucclits pcrimctcr
0
bngapore Nathematcal bocety
stu,apere Matueuatteai Oiyuptad (-mO) ZU1
(Open Section, Hound 2 solutions)
1. I. aas.: |s y.s le: aay es|t|. |nt..: H !.t o)b. t. sua e| Z0!d'' e.r
e t. !||ts e| o L.t S = i , Z, . , J0

' ! , aa! H 0

0_ + 0_g_ C C. I.a
,
=
_
0
'` _ _
0
]]

'
< |
g .
,
-
+
-- @
|
0

' _
|a. 0 )''' [Z0!) C S, t.:. .x|st !|st|tet es|t|. |at..ts i, su tat 0
@
a,
2. L.t t. :ac|us et t!. |re. |e ! lct ., I at! Z lc tL. t..t et tl. a|t|ta!.s
|rea , B aa! L :.s.t|-|y L.t !1 iat.:s.t tl. a!t|tu!. |ea at C. \. la.
AP = .C !C = C | C! = i

C C!) [.C C!) = I /H [/

!u) | .!

[ C? ~ C!) | .! !?. |o||ary, B, = BH H\, aa:

CJ = L! !Z. -|a. AH HX = 0H u\ = L! !Z, . a. sP = U, = LJ.
3. 1. :.sat |s t:ue |e: at, aeaceastatt ,e!yteo|a| o)= 0U0_.j U'' + +u
|t |at..t e.al.nts. \. Uu assaa. t!at U_ . 0. 1!us tl.:. ex|sts a esit|e
|at..r o
+
su tLat ],n)|s es|t|v. aa! |ae:eas|r OU I

, O) .

Ilsumccslcshcw il fctscmco, ` n , n_ ) )_
' ,

hascxacfly/distincl
rimclacfcrs, fhcnlcrscmcn, ` Hj ]n
.
) Lamcrclhan / primcfacfcrs. \V0L such
an n_ , lct o, r,
+)_'

' ' ' ' '

' . Thcn
Hcncc, loreach), ! _ ) _ l, wc Lavc fhat ,

dividcs ]n
.
) buf '

dccs nol
dividc )o, ,
Js ),o,) ` !,
n
: I_
'
e

,
t`
it lcllcws thaf ] ) must havc al lcast
l + I rimclactcrs.
4. Bccausccllhcscccndccndilionabcvc, 0 , E. Il Econlains cnlycsitivcclcmcnts,
lcfJ bcfhcsmallcstclcmcntinE. BulfhcnJ +:, and , : . 0 implythal, Z <
a ccnfradicticn. Hcncc E ccnfains ncativc clcmcnls. J slmilar arumcnf shcws that
E ccntains pcsifivcclcmcnls.
any csitivc clcmcnl clE and labcl it as j . Jssumclhat pcsitivc clcucnfs
ol E, x , + + + , x, , havc bccn chcscn. Wc can wrifc g + z, whcrc g,Z C 1. Wc
may assumc thal g ` 0. labcl as r,

Carry cn inthis maiucr fc chccsc pcsilivc
clcmcnfs Jj
;
, , e cl E, nct ncccssatily dislincl. Sincc E is a nnilc sct, lhcrc cxist
posifivc infccrs i < ) such fhat x, , . . , r
,
_ arc disfincf and x
,
x, . Thcrc arc

, , , ._ C E such lhal
x
. .

, -
.
x,
-
i
x
.
-
, +
.
-
i
x._ x _.j

3
incc x, r, , wc scc lLaf :, +:,

+

: .,
,
. By lhc assumpticn, - . n
3
incc fhcclcmcnfs x, , + + + , x ., arc disfincl, E ccnlains al lcasl) _ + ! pcsilivc
clcmcnfs 3
imilarly, E ccntains at lcasf n - I ncativcclcmcnfs. Thcrcsultlcllcws
IclthcsidcsbcU, 0, C cmU0 sincrulc, wchavc
1hus
_ sino1
,
J ~ l
0

]
=
ccs
bU
_ sn C _ SHJ1 _
S

1 J 1
0

J
~
1
~ cos ccs
bU bU
u
-
c

0
-
2 cOs J = G
uC
0
Hcncc thcrc cxist C0prlmcpositivc intcgcrs, 8uCh tha 2C08B Hcncc
Thus
0 ! 0 ,
- = - - i
,

0
C ,
2 C 0
=
" "

2
=

0
1

0 0 e -

.
)

- 2, ]'
CU[C ] ) ! .
Sincc pcrimcter is minimum, gCU[0, 0, C] = J . 0H CU[t, ]) = ! , wc havc ] anU
]

2, . Y0 ]I0V0 thal ] l .
] . J , th0U it has a primc divisor ]' . i such \U8\ ' 8UU ' - 2, .
Thus ] anU ]' ,, C0H\I8U!C\IH _CU[, ) = ! . Thus ] ! . 0U CU[0, 0,C, I ,
wc C0HCHU0 \U8 C - ! . Thus
om0 < .A+.B=4zB < IS0 ,wcct0 < .D < 4 andhcncc;< 2C0SD 2
implyin that _ < , < 2. Thc smalcst pcsitivc intcgcrs satis[inthisincquality is
,

3, 2 SIDCc 0 0 +e=, jj

- Z , and 2 = ! , wc scc that thc

minimumpcrimctcris achicvcdwhcn,

3,g Z 8HU thc vlucisZ!.

/