Deepali Singhal (BP/500/2010) WHY DIFFERENT APPROACH FOR THE WALLED CITY? A carefully worked out development strategy and a sensitive approach was essential so that development of Walled City does not caused much dislocation of work and people, and ingredients of modernization were introduced, however, the positive elements and traditional texture were not to be destroyed in the process. S h a h j a h a n a b a d T h e W a l l e d C i t y T h e W a l l e d C i t y First Stage of Development To provide the essential community facilities like schools, parks and health centers including improvement in the circulation network. Large-scale redevelopment involving acquisitions of properties and relocation of people to be undertaken at a later stage and had to be kept at minimum. This approach was subsequently followed in the preparation of the Zonal Development Plan for the Walled city. Second Stage of Development Concept based on urban renewal by phasing, where environment improvement could be realized without impairing the basic character of the Walled city. The renewal approach was conceived as a comprehensive activity to counteract functional obsolescence of structures, which would have involved population shift and redistribution and a degree of functional reorganization. MPD 1962 The Three Phases of Urban Renewal The entire Walled city was identified into three major components of urban renewal on the basis of the degree of deterioration and obsolescence: a) Conservation Areas: The residential areas that needed protection from the spread of slums. Katra Neel, Ballimaran, Dariba Kalan and New Darya Ganj were grouped in this category. b) Rehabilitation Areas: The areas partially blighted where buildings deteriorated due to neglect. Phatak Habash Khan, Chadni Chowk, Naya Bans,Farash Khana, Churiwalan and Kutcha Pati Ram were classified as rehabilitation areas. c) Redevelopment Areas: The areas in very dilapidated conditions. Jamuna Basti, Lal Darwaza , parts of Matia Mahal and Suiwalan were classified as areas ripe for radical development 1 U R B A N D E S I G N A N D C O N S E R V A T I O N Source: MPD 1962 Prakhar Nigam (BP/497/2010) Gargi Singh (BP/498/2010) Deepali Singhal (BP/500/2010) S h a h j a h a n a b a d T h e W a l l e d C i t y T h e W a l l e d C i t y MPD 2001 2 U R B A N D E S I G N A N D C O N S E R V A T I O N Have in- situ development wherever possible. The industrial units of acids, chemicals and inflammable material and trades like plastic rexine etc; warehouses and dairies should be closed down and check commercial activites to keep them away from Heritage areas. British structures to be developed as integral part of the total recreational/ green area scheme or for the socio- cultural facilities for the area. To check increasing commercialization and keep commercial and industrial activities as far as Urban Heritage. Phool Mandi area to be developed as park. Pedestrian routes and rickshaw movement corridors to avoid conflicts; augmentation of roads, if possible and use of light motorised public vehicles, 6 underground parking's Control on buildings according to the Urban Renewal Schemes. REDEVELOPMENT OF KATRAS ONE BY ONE. Government owned dangerous katras/ evacuee properties Government owned other than dangerous katras. Properties Privately owned Katras/ Properties The Central City Area to be treated as Special Area Urban heritage of Delhi to be conserved. Walled city comprises of 15 sub zones of zone A, and 1 sub zone of zone C. Area = 569 Ha Provision of sub-zonal plan which need to be retained Minimum displacement of present functions and land uses in the area weed out the noxious and nuisance industries and villages like trades utilization of land occupied by evacuee properties movement of different vehicular modes on identified routes with proper Traffic Management In 1913, ASI found 411 historical monuments/ sites/ buildings but only 41 became protected monuments The Plan emphasizes modernization with conservation. Some of the old historic areas have been designated as controlled conservation area. The authority shall formulate special plans for the conservation and improvement of these areas which follows ASI guidelines Control over the volume and facade landscaping and streetscaping provision of properly designed approach/ access Use of building materials in harmony within the originally used in repair/ upkeep of monuments. Source: MPD 2001 Prakhar Nigam (BP/497/2010) Gargi Singh (BP/498/2010) Deepali Singhal (BP/500/2010) MPD 2021 Special Area means an area with special characteristics designated as such in the Plan for development / redevelopment, having a mix of different land uses with compact built form, narrow circulation space and low-rise high-density developments. Special regulations have been worked out for this area and incorporated in the Development Code. S h a h j a h a n a b a d T h e W a l l e d C i t y T h e W a l l e d C i t y 3 U R B A N D E S I G N A N D C O N S E R V A T I O N The Heritage Resources include symbols of successive civilizations and cities that came up over the millennia, historic buildings and complexes, historical gardens, water engineering structures and their catchments, the remains of fortified citadels, places for worship and for the deceased, historic cities and villages, unearthed heritage and their components. Acc to DDA & INTACH identify 1208 historical monuments in Delhi only 170 monuments declared as protected. In addition to these MCD, NDMC and the State Archaeological Department have published lists of Heritage Buildings. co Heritage Zone is an area, which has significant concentration, linkage or continuity of buildings, structures, groups or complexes united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical development. The following areas have been identified as Heritage Zones as indicated in the Zonal Plan: Specific heritage complex within Walled City of Delhi, Shahjahanabad Specific heritage complex within Lutyens Bungalow Zone Specific heritage complex within Nizamuddin and Humayun's Tomb Complex. Specific heritage complex within Mehrauli area. Specific heritage complex within Vijay Mandal - Begumpur - Sarai Shahji - Lal Gumbad. Specific heritage complex within Chirag Delhi. Presently, the trade and commerce activities have intruded much more in all the residential areas in the Walled city. There is every danger, that, whole of Walled city in due course of time may get converted into full commercial area, thus, completely destroying an area of important heritage The various proposals for revitalizing the glory of Walled City are: o Conservation approach to retain the overall traditional character of the Walled City. o Visual integration of major landmarks to revitalise the past glory. o Many areas in Shahjahanabad should be pedestrianised and made completely free of vehicular traffic so as to restore the human scale and convenient living. o Judicious use of existing spaces for development of recreational uses. o MRTS station areas should be dealt as per specific Urban Design schemes and be declared as pedestrian zones. o Introduction of activities such as traditional / craft bazaar / heritage walk / rides to attract tourists. Generation of urban culture at neighbourhood level such as festivals/fairs, kite flying etc. o Environmental up-gradation to reduce degenerative effects of traffic congestion. o Rejuvenation and conservation through management options, financing incentives, innovative development controls. Source: MPD 2021 Prakhar Nigam (BP/497/2010) Gargi Singh (BP/498/2010) Deepali Singhal (BP/500/2010) S h a h j a h a n a b a d T h e W a l l e d C i t y T h e W a l l e d C i t y 4 U R B A N D E S I G N A N D C O N S E R V A T I O N Urban Renewal strategies Conservation Strategy The agencies concerned with the protection of Delhi's Built Heritage aims to prepare policies and strategies for conservation, appropriate action plans including promotion of conservation of the civic and urban heritage, architecturally significant historical landmarks, living monuments, memorials and historical gardens, riverfront, city wall, gates, bridges, vistas, public places, edicts and the ridge. Redevelopment Strategies The target areas for redevelopment will have to identify on the basis of their need for up-gradation and potential for development. Redevelopment schemes will be prepared by the respective local body. In traditional area, it is essential to distinguish between the heritage segment and the non heritage segment of the area. There are different guidelines for redevelopment for similar special heritage areas, but there are few guidelines which are especially for walled city. Redevelopment of Govt Katras is the priority The surrendered for public facilities or for heritage value to be used as tradable FAR. Minimum width of streets having stretch between 30 50 m shall have the min width of 3m. Higher FAR , Integrated Redevelopment Scheme other development controls can be considered. Problems in the Master Plan The master plan doesnt tell the definition of conservation, rehabilitation and redevelopment. It gives the area as the tag of special area, which secludes this part of the town with rest of the town. The urban renewal scheme is the concept of 2001 master plan, but still not being implemented. Deteriorated condition of heritage sites. Since the area is very old, and various sub divisions of the plot have already been done, its difficult to get the identity of the owners. Rapid commercialization is happening in the town. Improvements Needed Needs to define the terms used. Constitution of a Walled City Redevelopment Authority Control on the Unauthorized Constructions Removal of encroachment and strict enforcement of traffic regulation Redevelopment of Evacuee Properties Mobilization of peoples participation and continuous research Maintenance of database. Implementation of programs. Source: MPD 2021