1.

Introduction&Objective
A submerged gate in water is hinged at the top.
Its required to calculate the force necessary to hold it in equilibrium.



2.Equipment
* A rectangular tank filled with water.
* Force measuring device.
* A ruler to measure the water height in the tank.







-1-
3.Experimental procedure
1- Measure the gate area.
2- Determine the centroid of the gate.
3- Fill the tank with water to a certain level h.
4- Calculate the point of action of the force.
5- Push the gate from the point of action calculated.
6-Determine the force required to open the gate.
7- repeat the previous steps for different heights of water in the tank.
8- For each height of water calculate the theoretical force required to open the
gate and its place of action.
9- Plot graphs for:
Experimental force against theoretical force calculated.
Experimental force against water depth in the tank.
calculated against Hc .






-2-
4.Results
Data point number Water depth above
gate centroid (Hc)
(cm)
Place of action of
the force () (cm)
Force measured
(Fm) (N)
Force theoretical
(Ft) (N)
1 40
2 36 0.92 137.3 141.3
3 34 0.98 127.5 133.4
4 30 1.11 117.7 117.7
5 25 1.33 98.1 98.1
6 20 1.67 78.5 78.5
Table.1 Data table










-3-
5.Graphs&conclusions

Graph 1
Experimental force against theoretical force calculated


Fig.1
*Conclusion:
Theoretical force calculated to hold the gate for equilibrium is larger than the
actual force measured until a value of depth where they are both equal.




-4-
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 50 100 150 200
F

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d

(
N
)

F theoretical (N)
Fig.1 Experimental
force against
Theoretical force


Graph 2
Experimental force against water depth in the tank


Fig.2
*Conclusion:
By increasing water level above the centroid of the submerged surface , the actual
force needed to hold the surface(gate) I reduced.



-5-

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 10 20 30 40 50
F

m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d

(
N
)

Water depth (cm)
Fig.2 Experimental
force against water
depth




Graph 3
calculated against Hc


Fig.3
*Conclusion:
By increasing water height above the centroid of the gate, the place of
action of the force acting on the gate comes near to the centroid.


-6-
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 10 20 30 40 50

(
c
m
)

Water depth (cm)
Fig.3 against water
depth(hc)
6.Summary
-By increasing water level above the centroid of the submerged surface (gate) ,
the actual force needed to hold the gate in equilibrium is reduced until a certain
value of depth where the measured and calculated force are both equal.
-By increasing water height above the centroid of the gate, the place of
action of the force acting on the gate comes near to the centroid.













-7-
List of Figures
Fig.1
Experimental force against theoretical force calculated. .....4

Fig.2
Experimental force against water depth in the tank5

Fig.3
calculated against Hc..6






List of Tables
Table.1

Data table3


-i-
Table of contents
LIST OF FIGURES......i
LIST OF TABLES..i
1-INTROCUTION&OBJECTIVE..1
2-EQUIPMENT.1
3-EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE...2
4-RESULTS..3
5-GRAPHS&CONCLUSIONS...4
6-SUMMARY.7