User Description 73_1551-HSD10102_1 Uae A

WCDMA RAN Capacity Management

Ericsson Radio Systems AB 2001 - All Rights Reserved
The contents of this document are subect to revision !ithout notice due to continued "rogress
in methodology# design# and manufacturing$
Ericsson shall have no liability for any error or damages of any %ind resulting from the use of
this document$
Contents
1 Introduction
1$1 &ur"ose
1$2 Sco"e
2 Overview
2$1 'edicated (onitored Resource )andling
2$2 Admission *ontrol
2$+ *ongestion *ontrol
2$, -unction Allocation
3 Capai!ities
+$1 Admission *ontrol
+$2 *ongestion *ontrol
" #ec$nica! Description
,$1 'edicated (onitored Resource )andling
,$1$1 'edicated (onitored Resources
,$1$2 'edicated (onitored Resource Estimation
,$2 Admission *ontrol
,$2$1 Admission Re.uest Attributes
,$2$2 /n"ut from ASE (onitor
,$2$+ /n"ut from 'o!nlin% &o!er (onitor
,$2$, /n"ut from 'o!nlin% *ode Allocation
,$2$0 /n"ut from the )istogram (onitor
,$2$1 Admission *ontrol )andling
,$+ *ongestion *ontrol
,$+$1 'etect 'o!nlin% *ongestion
,$+$2 *ongestion *ontrol )andling
5 %ara&eters
0$1 Radio *onnection S"ecific *a"acity (anagement &arameters
0$2 &er *ell 'edicated (onitored Resource Estimation (a""ing
0$+ Admission *ontrol
0$+$1 'edicated (onitored Resource Admission &olicies
0$, *ongestion *ontrol
0$,$1 Triggering
0$,$2 Actions
0$0 2alue Ranges and default values
' (e)erences
1
1 Introduction
*a"acity (anagement aims to control the load in the 3ideband *ode 'ivision (ulti"le Access
Radio Access 4et!or% 53*'(A RA46$ The "ur"ose of *a"acity (anagement is to ma7imi8e the
ca"acity in 3*'(A RA4 !hile maintaining the re.uested 9uality of Services and coverage# and
stabili8ing the cell carrier behavior in the air interface$
*a"acity (anagement is useful in an overload situation$ An overload situation occurs due to
fluctuations in the u"lin% interference and:or the used do!nlin% "o!er$ These fluctuations are a
natural "rocess caused by a number of factors including fading# intercell interference# and
variations in the carried traffic of the individual connections$
1.1 Purpose
The ;ser 'escri"tion describes *a"acity (angement -unctionality on 3*'(A RA4 level from a
users "oint of vie!$ A descri"tion of the system functions 'edicated (onitored Resources#
Admission *ontrol# and *ongestion *ontrol are made
The ;ser 'escri"tion contains short e7"lanations of algorithms and the logic of *a"acity
(anagement$ The document contains "arameter information related to the functionality$ A
"resentation is made of the ca"abilities and of !hat can be achieved by the feature$
1.2 Scope
/nformation included in this document is an overvie! of the *a"acity (angement -unctions#
the ca"abilities of the *a"acity (angement -unctions and a technical descri"tion of the
*a"acity (anagement -unctions$ &arameters related to the *a"acity (angement -unctions are
described in the technical descri"tion$
&erformance <bservability of *a"acity (angement -unctions are described in the user
descri"tion for &erformance (anagement 5ref 06$
=lossary and terminology used in this document can be found in the user descri"tion =lossary
of Terms 5ref 16$
2 Overview
The *a"acity (anagement solution in Ericssons 3*'(A RA4 is handled by three main
functions that estimate the available resources and control the load in the cell> 'edicated
(onitored Resource )andling# Admission *ontrol# and *ongestion *ontrol$ To udge the load in
the cells# several measurements are ta%en into account$ -or an illustrated overvie! of *a"acity
(anagement -unctions see figure 1$
2
Figure 1 General Overview of Capacity Management Functions
Admission and *ongestion *ontrol use different thresholds !ith res"ect to the load$ These
thresholds are set by the o"erators "arameters and used for controlling the load in the cells$
2.1 Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling
To "rovide Admission *ontrol !ith information about the load in the cell a "ool of resources are
monitored to %ee" trac% of every radio lin% addition# deletion# and modification in the cell$ The
monitored resources are>
'o!nlin% &o!er
*ode Tree ;sage
Air-interface ;sage in u"lin% and do!nlin%
S"reading -actor ;sage
4umber of *om"ressed (ode Radiolin%s
2.2 Admission Control
Ericssons Admission *ontrol is "erformed according to the current cell load and the re.uired
service$ Admission *ontrol is a""lied at cell level on dedicated radio lin% setu"# addition or
modification !here additional resources are re.uired$ The resources 5do!nlin% "o!er# code
tree usage# air-interface usage in u"lin% and do!nlin%# s"reading factor usage# and the number
of radio lin%s in com"ressed mode6 are a selected subset of the total resources in the RA4#
!hich usage are constantly monitored by Admission *ontrol through the dedicated monitors$
The in"ut for admission about resources !ill cause Admission *ontrol to bloc% ne! re.uests in
case of high load$ Admission *ontrol "olicies differentiate bet!een different user classes and
allo! reservation of dedicated resources for mobility$
2.3 Congestion Control
Ericssons *ongestion *ontrol is "erformed according to the current cell load and the admitted
services$ The *ongestion *ontrol is a""lied at cell level and becomes active !hen the current
cell load in terms of do!nlin% "o!er e7ceeds "redefined limits$ The activation of *ongestion
3
*ontrol results in a set of actions on the admitted services in a cell i to reduce the cell load$
*ongestion *ontrol reduces the load until all monitored dedicated resources are at an
acce"table level$
2.4 Function Allocation
'edicated (onitored Resource )andling# Admission *ontrol# and *ongestion *ontrol resides in
the Radio 4et!or% *ontroller 5R4*6 node$ 'e"ending on !hether the radio lin%s originate over
the /u interface 5RA4A&6 or the /ur interface 5R4SA&6# the functions are interfaced in different
!ays 5ref ,6$ -igure 2 describes the general scheme that involves Admission *ontrol !hen /ur
not is used and the *ontrolling R4* 5*R4*6 is the same as the Serving R4* 5SR4*6$
Figure 2 Request for admission over the Iu interface
1$ /n -igure 2# the *ore 4et!or% re.uests the SR4* 5through RA4A&6 to establish a Radio
*onnection !ith an indicated set of 9oS "arameters
2$ According to the 9oS "arameters# the re.uested service is ma""ed on a set of radio
bearers 526# !hich in turn is ma""ed on a set of 'edicated *hannels 5'*)6
+$ Based on the set of '*)s# the re.uired resource usage is estimated and the Admission
*ontrol is "erformed$
,$ /f the set of '*)s is admitted# the resource allocation is "erformed
0$ The *ore 4et!or% is informed of the result of the admission "rocess
*ongestion *ontrol is located in the *R4*$ Actions are initiated in the *R4* in case of
congestion in cells$ /f a radio lin% is to be set u" in a Radio Base Station 5RBS6 controlled by an
*R4* that is different than the SR4*# a re.uest to establish the radio lin% is sent from the
SR4* to the *R4*$
The Admission *ontrol is al!ays "erformed in the *R4*# as sho!n in figure +$
4
Figure Request for admission over the Iur Interface
1$ /n figure +# the *R4* re.uests the establishment 5or modification6 of a radio lin%#
indicating the characteristics of the '*) set
2$ Based on the set of '*)s# the re.uired dedicated monitored resource usage is
estimated and Admission *ontrol is "erformed
+$ /f the set of '*)s are admitted# the resource allocation is "erformed
,$ The SR4* is informed on the results of the admission "rocess
*ongestion *ontrol is also located in the *R4* and initiates actions over R4SA& for the radio
lin%s originating over the /ur 5R4SA&6 in case of congestion in the cells of the *R4*$
3 Capabilitie
Through the use of Admission and *ongestion *ontrol# it is "ossible for *a"acity (anagement
to control the load in the ;niversal Terrestrial Radio Access 4et!or% 5;TRA46 cell and to
guarantee the re.uested 9uality of Services and coverage for individual connections$ Both
Admission and *ongestion *ontrol !or% at cell level$ They control admission and stability in a
single cell$
3.1 Admission Control
Admission *ontrol a""lies to dedicated resources and does not control admission on common
channels$ /t has the ability to reserve resources for mobility by selectively denying access#
de"ending on the information it receives about the dedicated monitored resources 5do!nlin%
"o!er# code tree usage# air-interface usage in u"lin% and do!nlin%# s"reading factor usage#
and the number of radio lin% in com"ressed mode6 e$g$ Admission *ontrol is less strict for a
re.uest in soft handover than for set u" of a ne! bearer$ A radio lin% cannot be admitted into
the cell if there are insufficient of the dedicated monitored resources$
Admission *ontrol has the ability to differentiate bet!een guaranteed and non-guaranteed
users$ ;sing differentiation# Admission *ontrol reserves resources in the cell for guaranteed
users$ /n "hase 2 of the "roduct Admission *ontrol does not ta%e into account the load on
trans"ort resources# or the RBS hard!are load$
5
3.2 Congestion Control
*ongestion *ontrol detects the overload 5congested6 situation by chec%ing the do!nlin% "o!er
measurements from the RBS$ /n the case of an overload situation# *ongestion *ontrol orders
Admission *ontrol to bloc% ne! re.uests for admission$ *ongestion *ontrol solves an overload
situation by releasing radio lin%s in an Ericsson-defined !ay !ith as little im"act as "ossible on
e7isting radio connections until the congested situation ceases$
! "ec#nical Decription
*a"acity (anagement functions are defined on cell level and can be divided into three
functions> 'edicated (onitored Resource )andling# Admission *ontrol# and *ongestion *ontrol$
These functions together manage the load to guarantee the "lanned coverage and 9oS needed
to avoid congestion$
4.1 Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling
-or 'edicated (onitored Resource )andling it is im"ortant to %ee" trac% of every radio lin%
addition# deletion and modification in a cell# using estimations of the current resource usage to
u"date Admission *ontrol about the available resources$ This information is obtained from the
'*) of the radio bearer set 5RA4A&6 or radio lin% 5R4SA&6 to be admitted$ The information is
then used by Admission *ontrol for admission decisions$ *urrently# five dedicated resources
are monitored$ Each cell in the net!or% contains these load monitoring functions and at every
radio lin% addition# release# or modification the monitors are u"dated$ This u"date is necessary
for the monitors to be a reliable base for admission decisions$
"*1*1 Dedicated +onitored (esources
Down!in, %ower
+onitor
;sed to "rovide a measure for longer term load in do!nlin%$ The
monitoring of the transmitted carrier "o!er is based on "eriodic
measurement re"orts of the do!nlin% transmitted carrier "o!er in a
cell over the /ub 54BA&6# combined !ith estimations of the do!nlin%
transmitted carrier "o!er of radio lin%s in the cell# modified in bet!een
measurement re"orts$ <n rece"tion# the measurements are filtered
according to Ericsson-s"ecific filtering and made available for the
admission "rocess$
Air inter)ace Speec$
-.uiva!ent /AS-0
Usa1e +onitor
;sed to "rovide a reservation for air-interface resources in both the
u"lin% and do!nlin%$ This monitor is based on estimation of the air-
interface usage "er radio lin% ty"e 5Radio *onnection ty"e6 in a cell#
se"arately for the u"lin% and do!nlin%$ The ASE of a radio lin% is a
relative value# of the air-interface load relative to a s"eech radio lin%
512$2%b"s# 00? Activity6$ ;sing this definition# a radio lin% !hich has#
for e7am"le# an ASE of + in do!nlin%# is e7"ected to generate as much
interference in do!nlin% as + s"eech radio lin%s in the cell$ The general
definition of the ASE is the follo!ing> AS- 2 /&a3* rate radio !in,04
/&a3* rate radio !in, speec$0 5 /activit6 )actor radio !in,04
/activit6 )actor speec$0
Down!in,
C$anne!i7ation Codes
;sed to "rovide a measure for code tree usage in do!nlin%$ The
monitoring of this dedicated resource is based on the trac%ing of the
fraction on the do!nlin% code tree in use
8u&er o)
Co&pressed +ode
;sed to "rovide a measure for the number of radio lin%s in
com"ressed mode$ The measure is an indication of the "rocessor load
6
(adio 9in,s that the *om"ressed (ode Radio @in%s causes in the RBS$
#$e Histo1ra&
+onitor
;sed to "rovide a histogram of s"reading factor usage in do!nlin%$ /t
adds to the do!nlin% *hanneli8ation *ode Resource because it
"rovides details about !hich codes of a certain length are in use$
"*1*2 Dedicated +onitored (esource -sti&ation
;"on re.uest for 5additional6 monitored dedicated resources# the re.uired resource usage is
estimated from the '*) information of the radio lin% to be set u" or modified$ /f the radio lin%
is originating over the /u interface 5RA4A&6 the estimated values are %no!n in the R4*$ /f the
re.uest originates over the /ur interface 5R4SA&6 the estimated values are calculated as sho!n
in belo!$
The estimation of the resources for do!nlin% channeli8ation codes# number of com"ressed
mode lin%s# and the s"reading factor histogram are straightfor!ardA they are directly
retrievable from the '*) information of the radio lin% to be set u" or modified over the /ur
interface$
The estimation of the resources for do!nlin% transmitted carrier "o!er and s"eech
e.uivalence# and the determination of the activity factor for the radio lin% to be set u" or
modified over the /ur interface is configured by the o"erator$
%ower per (adio 9in, Deter&ination
The radio lin% for !hich admission is re.uested# is allo!ed to consume a ma7imum amount of
"o!er in do!nlin% as !ell as in the u"lin%$ The determination of ma7imum "o!er setting
de"ends on !hether a radio lin% originates over /ur or over the /u interface$ Radio lin%s
originating over the /u interface have ma7imum "o!er settings defined "er radio lin% for the
internal Radio *onnections 5Ref +6$
The ma7imum transmission "o!er a user is allo!ed to transmit in u"lin% is defined by the
"arameter &a3#3%wrU95dBm6 on cell level 5Ref ,6$
/n the do!nlin%# ma7imum and minimum transmission "o!ers are defined on radio connection
level# res"ectively ma7imum do!nlin% "o!er 5dB6 5radio connection# relative to "rimary *&/*)
"o!er 5dBm66 and minimum do!nlin% "o!er 5dB6 5radio connection# relative to "rimary *&/*)
"o!er 5dBm66$ Radio lin%s originating over the /ur interface have ma7imum do!nlin% "o!er
"er radio lin% setting determined by a "er-cell definable ma""ing# based on the ma7imum rate
of the radio lin%$
*urrently three ma""ing "oints can be configured on cell level# in !hich in bet!een values are
inter"olated$ The follo!ing si7 "arameters set these ma""ing "oints>&in%wr+a3 /d:0;
&ini&u&(ate /ps0; inter%wr+a3 /d:0; inter(ate /ps0; &a3%wr+a3 /d:0; &a3(ate
/ps0
7
Figure ! "he relationship #etween #it rate $#ps% and output power $d&%
-igure , sho!s the ma""ing curve of the ma7imum '*) rate onto the ma7imum "o!er "er
radio lin%$ The ma7imum "o!er "er radio lin% 5dB6 is calculated relative to the *&/*)$ A radio
lin% has a certain ma7imum rate 5b"s6 and this rate is ma""ed onto a certain "o!er for that
radio lin%$ Re.uests for a bit rate belo! &ini&u&(ate are ma""ed to &in%wr+a3$ Re.uests
above &a3(ate are ma""ed to &a3%wr+a3$ /f you have re.uests in bet!een the three
ma""ing "oints# these values are inter"olated$
3ith an intermediate ma""ing "oint the o"erator can use a lo!er out"ut "o!er from the RBS
to users !ith high bit rates than !ithout a tunable intermediate ma""ing "oint$ The
intermediate ma""ing "oint is used to o"timi8e the coverage in the net!or% and allo!s a
fle7ibility in "lanning "ac%et s!itched traffic in the net!or%$
Again# the relative "o!ers are relative to the "rimary *&/*) "o!er set for the cell 5dBm6$ The
minimum do!nlin% "o!er "er radio lin% for /ur originating connections is defined by minimum
do!nlin% "o!er 5dB6 5cell# relative to "rimary *&/*) "o!er 5dBm66$
Down!in, #rans&itted Carrier %ower -sti&ation
The radio lin% for !hich admission is re.uested# consumes a do!nlin% transmitted carrier
"o!er bet!een a minimum and a ma7imum level$
/n order to estimate the do!nlin% transmitted carrier "o!er for a radio lin% to be admitted or
modified over the /ur# the follo!ing e7"ression is used>
-sti&ated down!in, trans&itted carrier power radio !in, 2 Activit6 <actor radio !in, 5
5 &a3i&u& power in down!in, a!!owed )or t$e radio !in,
3here b is an Ericsson-s"ecific "arameter ranging from 0-1 5ty"ically 0$+6$ The ma7imum
"o!er in do!nlin% allo!ed for the radio lin% is ranging from -+0$$ 10 5db6$
The activity factor "er radio lin% is determined from the '*) attributes of the radio lin%$ The
activity factor is based on the assum"tion that the more fle7ible the Trans"ort -ormats 5T-s6
are the lo!er the activity factor of the radio lin% !ill be$ -or e7am"le if there is only one T- in
the Trans"ort -ormat Set 5T-S6 the activity factor is assumed to be one$ The activity factor "er
radio lin% is defined in the follo!ing !ay>
8
Activit6 <actor per DCH 2 1 - /nu&er o) se!ecta!e #< in #<S0 5 c
Activit6 <actor radio !in, 2 &in /Activit6 <actor per DCH0
The number of selectable Trans"ort -ormats 5T-s6 in Trans"ort -ormat Set 5T-S6 is de"endent
on the Trans"ort -ormat *ombination Set 5T-*S6$ /f the T-*S im"lies a limitation of the
"ossible T-s of a '*)# that limitation is ta%en into account$ * is an Ericsson-s"ecific "arameter
ranging from 0-1 5ty"ically 0$16$
Air inter)ace Speec$ -.uiva!ents esti&ation
The radio lin% for !hich admission is re.uested 5over the /ur interface6# consumes an amount
of s"eech e.uivalents in both the u"lin% and do!nlin%$ The general definition of ASE as follo!s>
AS- 2 /&a3* rate radio !in,04/&a3* rate radio !in, speec$0 5 /activit6 )actor radio
!in,04/activit6 )actor speec$0
The ma7imum rates for the radio lin%s are determined from the '*) information of the radio
lin% 5mainly T-S and T-*S6$ The activity factor for s"eech is fi7ed to 0$0 and the ma7imum
rate for s"eech radio lin%s are set to 12$2 %b"s$
4.2 Admission Control
3hen ne! resources are needed for a radio connection 5a ne! radio lin% is set u" or an
e7isting radio lin% is modified6# Admission *ontrol receives a re.uest for admission$ The
re.uest s"ecifies the estimated amount of resources that the radio connection !ill need$ The
estimate is com"ared to the available resources and the configured limits for admission set by
the o"erator# and a res"onse is sent out to a""rove or deny the ne! radio lin%$
"*2*1 Ad&ission (e.uest Attriutes
Each radio lin% admission re.uest indicates the follo!ing information in the re.uest>
3hether the radio lin% is the only connection or not 5handover:non-handover6$ This is
referred to as the setup type
3hether the radio lin% is considered to carry a guaranteed or non-guaranteed serviceA
this is referred to as the traffic class
Additional com"ressed mode resources re.uested 5if any6
Additional do!nlin% transmitted carrier "o!er re.uested 5if any6
Additional do!nlin% code resources re.uested 5if any# determined from the '*)
information6
Additional s"eech e.uivalents in u"lin% or do!nlin% re.uested 5if any6
The re.uests for admission are grou"ed into four %inds of traffic classes:setu" ty"es>
8on-1uaranteed
access re.uest
Services !ith traffic class bac%ground or interactive also called best-effort
services$
8on-1uaranteed
$andover access
re.uest
Services !ith the traffic class bac%ground or interactive !here the user is
in handover$ This re.uest for admission can be given higher "riority than
re.uests from non-guaranteed users !ho not are in handover# to be able
to guarantee mobility in the system 5ref B6$
=uaranteed
access re.uest
Services !ith traffic class streaming or s"eech# real-time services$
=uaranteed Services !ith traffic class streaming or s"eech !here the user is in
9
$andover access
re.uest*
handover$ This re.uest for admission can be given higher "riority than all
other re.uests 5guaranteed users that are not in handover# non-
guaranteed users in handover# and non-guaranteed users that are not in
handover6# to be able to guarantee mobility in the system 5ref B6$
Admission *ontrol is res"onsible for dividing the available resources among the non-
guaranteed users# and for giving higher "riority to guaranteed users$ 3hen a handover re.uest
occurs# the conditions for admission are less strict to allo! mobility in the system and maintain
.uality for the users already admitted in the cell$ The 'edicated (onitored Resources gives
in"ut to Admission *ontrol about the availible resources these in"uts to control the load in the
cell is described in the follo!ing cha"ters$
"*2*2 Input )ro& AS- +onitor
The "ur"ose of the ASE (onitor is to control the load on the air interface$ The ASE (onitor has
different "olicies as to !hat level of the total load it reects or admits radio lin%s# de"ending on
content of the re.uest for admission$ -or handover# there can be a less strict "olicy than for
non-guaranteed users$
Admission *ontrol based on the in"ut from the ASE (onitor has three "arameters> aseU!Ad&;
e+ar1inU! and aseU!Ad&O))set that is used for admission decisions in u"lin%$ T!o
"arameters aseD!Ad& and e+ar1inD! are used for admission decisions in do!nlin%
concerning the ASE usage$ -or an illustration of the relation bet!een the "arameters and the
ASE monitor for u"lin% see -igure 0$
Figure '
The non-guaranteed access re.uests are bloc%ed if the ASE usage u"lin% e7ceeds the limit set
by aseU!Ad&- e+ar1inU!$ The non-guaranteed handover re.uests and the guaranteed
access users are bloc%ed !hen the limit aseU!Ad& is e7ceeded$ =uaranteed handover access
users are bloc%ed !hen the ASE u"lin% usage e7ceeds the aseU!Ad&C aseU!Ad&O))set 3ith
the "arameter aseU!Ad&O))set # resources are reserved for mobility in the system and give
guaranteed and non-guaranteed handover access re.uests higher "riority than other re.uests$
10
Figure (
-or do!nlin% there is a similar "attern bet!een the "arameters and the ASE (onitor$ /n figure
1 the "arameter for the ASE do!nlin% admission limit is set to the ma7imum allo!able ASE
load in the cell# and no re.uests are admitted beyond this limit$ As !ith the u"lin% the non-
guaranteed access re.uests are treated !ith lo!er "riority than other re.uests$ The 4on-
guaranteed users are not allo!ed access !hen the re.uested ASE and the current ASE e7ceeds
the limit set by aseD!Ad&- e+ar1inD!$
"*2*3 Input )ro& Down!in, %ower +onitor
The do!nlin% "o!er monitor controls the "o!er consum"tion in each cell$ Estimations about
the e7"ected "o!er consum"tion for a re.uest and the current out"ut "o!er is sent to
Admission *ontrol and used for admission decisions$ 3hen admission is granted# admission
control informs the do!nlin% "o!er monitor about the e7"ected increase for the ne! radio lin%#
!hich is done in order to reserve resources for the ne! radio lin%$ T!o "arameters pwrAd&
and pwrAd&O))set are related to do!nlin% "o!er and are used by the Admission *ontrol to
decide !hich re.uests to admit or reect$ The relation bet!een the "arameters and the
do!nlin% "o!er monitor is sho!n in -igure B$
Figure )
11
The 4on-guaranteed access users# the non-guaranteed handover access users and the
guaranteed access users are bloc%ed if the re.uested load together !ith the "revious load
e7ceed the do!nlin% "o!er admission limit pwrAd&$ The guaranteed handover access users
are the last ones to be bloc%ed# to ensure mobility and .uality for the already admitted
connections in the cell$ =uaranteed handover access re.uest# are allo!ed u" to the limit set by
pwrAd& C pwrAd&O))set $
"*2*" Input )ro& Down!in, Code A!!ocation
/n order to reserve codes for users in handover# do!nlin% *ode Allocation denies re.uests from
users not in handover or need a radio lin% in com"ressed mode$ This is done !hen
guaranteed:non-guaranteed access re.uest users e7ceed the "arameter d!CodeAd&$
Figure *
"*2*5 Input )ro& t$e Histo1ra& +onitor
The )istogram (onitor aims to control the s"reading factor usage in the do!nlin% at cell level
and the number of radio lin%s in com"ressed mode$ The measure is an indication of the
"rocessor load that the *om"ressed (ode Radio @in%s causes in the RBS$ The )istogram
(onitor is informed !henever a ne! radio lin% is set u"# reconfigured# or deleted in a cell$
3hen the monitor is triggered# it u"dates the s"reading factor and the com"ressed mode radio
lin% usage$
C$ec,in1 spreadin1
)actor usa1e in
down!in,
Admission *ontrol consults the )istogram (onitor !hen it receives an
admission re.uest for non-guaranteed radio lin% 5best-effort users6$ The
number of radio lin%s for a certain s"reading factor are set by the
o"erator$ There are t!o "arameters used to udge !hether a ne! radio
lin% for a non-guaranteed user is admitted$
o s)>Ad&$
o s)32Ad&$
C$ec,in1 t$e
nu&er o)
co&pressed &ode
radio !in,s
/n order not to claim too many hard!are resources# Admission control
chec%s the "resent number of radio lin% in com"ressed mode !hen it
receives an admission re.uest for a radio lin% in com"ressed mode$
There is one "arameter used to chec% if there is resources available for a
com"ressed mode radio lin% co&p+odeAd&
"*2*' Ad&ission Contro! Hand!in1
A re.uest for admission is received by Admission *ontrol$ To udge !eather or not to acce"t
the re.uest# Admission *ontrol consults the 'edicated (onitored Resources$ /f any of the
12
resource monitors sho! that by acce"ting this re.uest the monitor !ould e7ceed the limits set
by the o"erator# the re.uest for a ne! or modified radio lin% is denied$
4.3 Congestion Control
The main goal of the *ongestion *ontrol function is to "rovide the ability to solve overload
situations$ <verload occur due to fluctuations in the do!nlin% "o!er$ This is a natural "rocess
caused by a number of factors li%e fading# intercell interference# and variations in the traffic on
individual connections$ *ongestion *ontrol is triggered only in the case of 5near6 overload in a
cell$ *ongestion *ontrol first restrict admission$ After this it !ill try to delay "ac%et
transmission# by reducing the "ac%et bitrate$ /f this does not solve the congested situation# it
releases signaling connections until congestion ceases$ The detection and handling of do!nlin%
congestion is described in more detail belo!$
"*3*1 Detect Down!in, Con1estion
/n order to chec% the system load on a cell carrier# the do!nlin% "o!er measurements in the
RBS are used$ Event-based measurement re"orts are received from the RBS$ 3hen the
transmitted "o!er in the do!nlin% for a "articular cell e7ceeds the configured threshold#
*ongestion *ontrol is triggered$ The congested situation is resolved by releasing users
corres"onding to the amount of ASEs that needs to be released to get the cell out of
congestion$
Figure + ,ariations in downlin- .ower/ a0pwr1dm #0pwr1dmOffset
The o"erator sets the levels for congestion measurement on do!nlin% &o!er$ The levels are
reflected in the "arameters pwrAd&# !hich is relative to the admission levels and
pwrAd&O))set $ The larger the "arameter pwrAd&O))set is# the more actions are needed to
get out of congestion$ )o!ever a large value on the "arameter pwrAd&O))set !ill also ma%e
the "robability of re-entering congestion smaller$
3hen congestion is detected# a first re"ort is sent to the R4*$ The nature of the ordered
measurement is that as long as the congestion situation "revails 5 the measurement is not
belo! pwrAd& C pwrAd&O))set during the time pwrH6st6# the re"ort is re"eated each
second# the reason for doing this is to get some robustness in the R4*$ 3ithout this "eriodic
13
re"orting in congestion# there is only one measurement re"ort !hen congestion is detected
and one !hen the congestion is solved$
"*3*2 Con1estion Contro! Hand!in1
3hen *ongestion *ontrol receives a re"ort from the RBS that the cell is overloaded one of the
first things it does is to order Admission *ontrol to deny ne! re.uests for admission$ /f the
overload situation still e7ists# *ongestion *ontrol orders to re!easeAseD!$ The release of ASEs
is "erformed at intervals during t&Con1Action$ /f the overload situation still e7ists after that
the timer t&Con1Action e7"ires$ The release of ASEs continues at ne! intervals until the
overload situation is solved$ The "arameter re!easeAseD! is a""lied to all %inds of
connections$ /f you s!itch off a guaranteed data user# for e7am"le# you release an certain
amount of ASEs$
The amount of ASEs to be released at each congestion action is "reconfigured and the users
are targeted in the follo!ing order>
1$ 4on-guaranteed bitrate users# 5!here the radio lin% originates over the /u and the
SR4* ta%es the role as the *R4*6 are s!itched do!n$
2$ 4on-guaranteed bitrate users 5!here the radio lin% is originating over the /ur and the
SR4* is not the same as the *R4*6 connections are released$
+$ *ircuit s!itched data users 5the radio lin% originates over the /u and the SR4* ta%es the
role as the *R4*6 connections are released$
,$ *ircuit s!itched data users 5the radio lin% originates over the /u and the SR4* ta%es the
role as the *R4*6 connections are released$
0$ *ircuit s!itched data users 5!here the radio lin% originates over the /ur and the SR4* is
not the same as the *R4*6 connections are released$
1$ S"eech users 5!here the radio lin% originates over the /u and the SR4* ta%es the role
as the *R4* connections6 are released$
B$ S"eech users 5!here the radio lin% originates over the /ur and the SR4* is not the
same as the *R4*6 connections are released$
3ithin the user grou"s# the users !ith the highest ASE in the do!nlin% are targeted first$ /f the
overload situation still e7ist# after releasing the data users# the s"eech users are targeted by
the termination of their connection$ The users are released one by one# until the cell no longer
is overloaded$ 3hen the overloaded situation is solved# Admission *ontrol is ordered to allo!
ne! admission re.uests$
$ %arameter
5.1 Radio Connection Specic Capacit! Management Parameters
d!Ase 'o!nlin% ASE value "er Radio *onnection ty"e$
d!%wr-sti&ation '@ "o!er estimation value# e7"ressed relative to the *&/*) "o!er
configurable by scri"ts$
u!Ase ;"lin% ASE value "er Radio *onnection ty"e$
5.2 Per Cell Dedicated Monitored Resource "stimation Mapping
14
inter%wr+a3 /ntermediate relative "o!er for ma7imum "o!er ma""ing$ A change in this
"arameter may affect the traffic$
inter(ate /ntermediate rate for ma7imum "o!er ma""ing$ A change in this "arameter may
affect the traffic$
&a3%wr+a3 (a7imum relative "o!er for ma7imum "o!er ma""ing$ A change in this
"arameter may affect the traffic$
&a3(ate (a7imum rate for ma7imum "o!er ma""ing$ A change in this "arameter may affect
the traffic$
&ini&u&(ate (inimum rate for ma7imum "o!er ma""ing$ A change in this "arameter may
affect the traffic$
&in%wr+a3 This "arameter describes the minimum relative "o!er for ma7imum "o!er
ma""ing$ A change of this "arameter may affect the traffic
&in%wr(!(inimum "o!er "er radio lin%$
5.3 Admission Control
Admission *ontrol monitors the load trough the "arameters of the 'edicated (onitored
Resources
5*3*1 Dedicated +onitored (esource Ad&ission %o!icies
aseD!Ad& A cell "arameter that fi7es a limit for admission on ASEs in the do!nlin%$ The
Admission *ontrol function "ermits a ne! admission if the amount of ASEs in the carrier is less
than this limit$ This "arameter is for non-handover users$
aseU!Ad& A cell "arameter that fi7es a limit for admission on ASEs in the u"lin%$ The
Admission *ontrol function "ermits a ne! admission if the amount of ASEs in the carrier is less
than this limit$ -or guaranteed and non-guaranteed bit rate users in handover$
aseU!Ad&O))set A cell "arameter that fi7es a relative limit for admission on ASEs in the
do!nlin% for soft or softer handover$ The limit on ASEs for admission re.uests for soft and
softer handover 5aseU!Ad&?aseU!Ad&O))set 6 is less strict than for non-handovers$
Admission *ontrol reserves this amount of ASEs for handover in order to assure mobility$
e+ar1inD! A cell "arameter that describes the admission margin for ASE usage in do!nlin%#
for non-guaranteed users that are not in handover$
e+ar1inU! A cell "arameter that describes the admission margin for ASE usage in u"lin%# for
non-guaranteed bit rate users$
co&p+odeAd& 'escribes the admission limit for the number of radio lin%s in com"ressed
mode in a cell$
d9CodeAd& 'escribes the admission limit for do!nlin% code usage 5only non-handover non-
com"ressed mode radio lin%s6$
pwrAd& A cell "arameter that describes the admission limit for do!nlin% "o!er utili8ation 5for
guaranteed non-handover re.uests and non-guaranteed handover re.uests6$
15
pwrAd&O))set is a "arameter that describes the admission offset for do!nlin% "o!er
utili8ation for guaranteed handover re.uests$
s)>Ad& A cell "arameter that describes the admission limit for the number of radio lin%s !ith
s"reading factorDE in do!nlin% 5non-guaranteed re.uests6$
s)32Ad& A cell "arameter that describes the admission limit for the number of radio lin%s !ith
s"reading factorD+2 in do!nlin% 5non-guaranteed re.uests6$
5.4 Congestion Control
&arameters for *ongestion *ontrol are divided in "arameters that triggers *ongestion *ontrol
and actions that can be initiated by *ongestion *ontrol$
5*"*1 #ri11erin1
pwrH6st A cell "arameter that sets a measurement hysteresis time for *ongestion *ontrol$
*ongestion is considered to be "resent !hen the do!nlin% "o!er load remains over a
"redefined threshold for a longer time than pwrH6st$ *ongestion is considered finished !hen
the do!nlin% "o!er load remains belo! another "redefined threshold# lo!er than the first one#
for a longer time than pwrH6st$
pwrO))set A cell "arameter that describes the triggering level for do!nlin% congestion
measurements$
5*"*2 Actions
re!easeAseD! A cell "arameter that sets the amount of ASEs to be released in the do!nlin% at
each *ongestion *ontrol action$
t&Con1Action A cell "arameter that describes the time interval bet!een t!o *ongestion
*ontrol actions$ 3hen congestion is verified# the *ongestion *ontrol function starts the timer
t&Con1Action and re.uests the release of a configured amount of ASEs 5re!easeAseD96$ /f
the timer e7"ires !hile congestion still e7ists# the *ongestion *ontrol function restarts the
timer and re.uests the release of the configured .uantity of ASEs$
5.5 #alue Ranges and de$ault %alues
Table 1
%ara&eter 8a&e De)au!t @a!ue @a!ue (an1e Unit
Radio Connection Specific Capacity Management Parameters
dlAse - 0$$ 1000 0$01 ASE
dl&!rEstimation - -+00$$ 100 0$1 dB
ulAse - 0$$ 1000 0$01 ASE
16
Per Cell Dedicated Monitored Resource Estimation Mapping
inter&!r(a7 +0 -+00$$ 100 0$1 dB
interRate E110 0$$ 1100000 10 b"s
ma7&!r(a7 ,0 -+00$$ 100 0$1 dB
ma7Rate ,01F0 0$$ 1100000 10 b"s
minimumRate 10F0 0$$ 1100000 10 b"s
min&!r(a7 0 -+00$$ 100 0$1 dB
min&!rRl -200 -+0$$ 10 0$1 db
Admission Control
23edicated Monitored Resource 1dmission .olicies
ase'lAdm 2,0 0$$ 000 ASE
ase;lAdm 110 0$$ 000 ASE
ase;lAdm<ffset ,0 0$$ 000 ASE
be(argin'l 100 0$$ 000 ASE
be(argin;l 2,0 0$$ 000 ASE
com"(odeAdm 10 0$$ 12E number of radio
lin%s
d@*odeAdm B0 0$$ 100 ?
"!rAdm B0 0$$ 100 ?
"!rAdm<ffset 10 0$$100 ?
sfEAdm + 0$$ E -
sf+2Adm + 0$$ +2 -
Congestion Control
2"riggering
"!r)yst 100 0$$ 10000 ms
17
"!r<ffset 0 0$$ 100 ?
Congestion Control
21ctions
releaseAse'l 10 1$$ 000 ASE
tm*ongAction +00 10$$ 10000 ms
& Re'erence
1$ &o!er *ontrol B,G1001-)S'G10102G1
2$ RA4 *onnection )andling B2G1001G)S'10102G1
+$ /dle (ode Behavior B1G1001G)S'10102G1
,$ +=&& TR 20$F22 2+$,$0 52000-126 Technical Re"ort +rd =eneration &artnershi" &roectA
Technical S"ecification =rou" Radio Access 4et!or%A Radio resource management
strategies 5Release 1FFF6
0$ 3*'(A RA4 &erformance (anagement E1:1001-)S' 101 02:1
1$ =lossary of terms 2:00+22-)S' 101 02:1
B$ Soft )and <ver B0G1001G)S'10102G1
18