Mobile Information TBU

Mc Lc
Mc Lc ............................................................................................................ 1
M u: ............................................................................................................. 1
Chng 1.TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG .............. 2
1.1. GII THIU CHUNG V H THNG GSM. ................................... 2
1.2. CU TRC H THNG CHUYN MCH (SS). ............................. 4
1.2.1. MSC ( Mobile Switching Center). ................................................... 4
1.2.2. HLR(Home Location Register). ........................................................ 5
1.2.3.VLR(Visitor Location Register). ....................................................... 5
1.2.4. AUC (Authencation Center) v EIR (Equipment Indification
Register). ..................................................................................................... 5
1.3. H THNG CON V TUYN. .......................................................... 6
1.3.1. BSC. .................................................................................................. 6
1.3.2. BTS. .................................................................................................. 6
1.3.3. H thng chuyn m v chuyn i tc TRAU. ...................... 7
1.4. H THNG OSS.................................................................................. 7
Chng 2.TNG QUAN V TRM BTS CA VIETTEL ............................ 8
2.1. TNG QUAN CA MT TRM BTS. ............................................. 8
2.1.1. T ngun AC. .................................................................................... 8
2.1.2. T ngun DC. .................................................................................... 8
2.1.3. Cc thit b bn trong trm BTS. ...................................................... 9
2.1.4. Cc khi phn cng ca t BTS. ..................................................... 13
2.1.4.1. . DRU(Double Radio Unit)..14
2.1.4.2. DXU(Distribution Switch Unit) - Khi chuyn mch v phn
phi. ...................................................................................... 17
2.1.4.3. .. Khi iu khin qut FCU20
2.1.4.4. ... Khi phn phi ngun ni b IDM..20
2.1.4.5. .. Khi cp ngun PSU.21
2.1.4.6. Card ACCU/DCCU (AC Connection Unit / DC Connection
Unit) - Khi kt ni AC/DC...23
2.1.4.7. Y Link.25
2.1.4.8. DC filter -B lc ngun DC25
2.1.4.9. .. c im k thut ca t RBS 220626
2.1.4.10. Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS29
Chng 3. VN HNH, QUN L V GIM ST H THNG TRM
BTS CA VIETTEL. ...................................................................................... 32
3.1. KHO ST V PHN TCH H THNG GIM ST. ................. 32
3.1.1. Hin trng nh trm hin nay v nhu cu xy dng h thng gim
st tp trung. .............................................................................................. 32
3.1.2.Yu cu ca h thng gim st. ........................................................ 33
3.2. GII PHP PHN CNG. ................................................................ 34
3.2.1. Gii php. ........................................................................................ 34
3.2.2. Thit b BTS Monitoring System. ................................................... 35
3.2.3. Giao tip gia BMS v Server. ....................................................... 40
3.3. PHN TCH YU CU H THNG. ............................................... 44
3.3.1.Yu cu chc nng ca h thng:..................................................... 44
3.3.2.Yu cu phi chc nng. .................................................................... 47
3.4. CC BIU PHN TCH. ............................................................ 48
3.4.1. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun l cu hnh. ........................... 49
3.4.2. Biu ca s dng cho Modul theo di gim st thit b. .............. 51
3.4.3. Biu ca s dng cho Module iu khin thit b. ....................... 52
3.4.4. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun l lu tr. .............................. 54
3.4.5. Biu ca s dng cho module thng k bo co. ......................... 54
3.4.6. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun tr h thng. ........................... 56
3.5. C T MT S CA S DNG CHNH. ...................................... 58
3.5.1. ng nhp. ...................................................................................... 58
3.5.2. Theo di gim st thit b nh trm. ................................................ 60
3.5.3. iu khin thit b. .......................................................................... 62
3.6. THIT K H THNG. ..................................................................... 65
3.6.1. M hnh thit k h thng. .............................................................. 65
3.6.2. Kin trc h thng. .......................................................................... 66
3.6.2.1. Tng d liu(Data layer)66
3.6.2.2. .. Tng ng dng(Application Layer)..66
3.6.2.3. .. Tng giao din(Presetation Layer )..67
3.6.3. Thit k c s d liu68
3.6.3.1. S quan h thc th (Entity Relationship Diagram)68
3.6.3.2. .. Thit k cc bng trong CSDL.69
3.7. XY DNG V CI T................................................................ 74
3.7.1. Mi trng v cng c pht trin. ................................................... 74
3.7.1.1. . Tng quan v ngn ng lp trnh JAVA74
3.7.1.2. . Lp trnh Socket76
3.7.1.3. . H qun tr c s d liu Oracle.78
3.7.2. La chn ngn ng lp trnh v h qun tr c s d liu. .............. 78
3.7.3. Kt qu chng trnh. ...................................................................... 79
3.7.3.1. .. Cc thnh phn ca chng trnh..79
3.7.3.2.Kt qu.82
3.8. NG CU THNG TIN BTS. .......................................................... 88
Kt lun ........................................................................................................... 98
Ti liu tham kho. .......................................................................................... 99

Danh mc hnh v

Hnh 1.1. Bng tn GSM ca cc nh mng ..................................................... 3
Hnh 1.2. Cu trc mng thng tin di ng GSM ............................................. 3
Hnh 1.3. Cu trc h thng thng tin GSM ..................................................... 4
Hnh 2.1. T chuyn ngun ATS .................................................................... 10
Hnh 2.2. u o nhit phng my ................................................................. 12
Hnh 2.3. u bo khi v u bo nhit gia tng .......................................... 12
Hnh 2.4. Cm bin ca m v cm bin knh v ........................................... 13
Hnh 2.5. Qut thng gi ................................................................................. 13
Hnh 2.6. Cc khi phn cng ca t RBS ..................................................... 14
Hnh 2.7. Card DRU ........................................................................................ 14
Hnh 2.8. S khi DRU .............................................................................. 16
Hnh 2.9. Card DXU ........................................................................................ 18
Hnh 2.10. Card FCU....................................................................................... 20
Hnh 2.11. Card IDM....................................................................................... 21
Hnh 2.12. Card PSU-DC ................................................................................ 22
Hnh 2.13. PSU-AC ........................................................................................ 23
Hnh 2.14. Card ACCU ................................................................................... 24
Hnh 2.15. Card DCCU ................................................................................... 24
Hnh 2.16. B lc DC ...................................................................................... 25
Hnh 2.18. Khi CDU-G v CDU-F ................................................................ 27
Hnh 2.19. Khi CXU ...................................................................................... 28
Hnh 2.20. Cu trc khung PCM trn giao din Abis ...................................... 30
Hnh 3.1. BTS Monitoring System -Thit b gim st iu khin h thng trang
thit b ti mi nh trm ................................................................................... 35
Hnh 3.2. M rng cc cng I/O ca PLC bng cch lp thm modul ni tip
nhau ................................................................................................................. 36
Hnh 3.3. M hnh kt ni thit b ca PLC .................................................... 36
Hnh 3.4. Cng DI ........................................................................................... 37
Hnh 3.5. u song song cc sensor c u ra tip im thng m .............. 37
Hnh 3.6. u ni tip cc sensor c u ra tip im thng ng ............... 38
Hinh 3.7. c tuyn chuyn i tuyn tnh ..................................................... 39
Hnh 3.8. Gi in p Vdk n iu khin thit b .......................................... 40
Hnh 3.9. Cc lung thng tin gia PLC v SERVER .................................... 41
Hnh 3.10. S khung cnh ton b h thng gim st ,iu khin t xa nh
trm .................................................................................................................. 48
Hnh 3.11. Biu phn r chc nng h thng ............................................. 49
Hnh 3.12. Biu usecase chc nng qun l cu hnh ................................ 49
Hnh 3.13. Biu usecase chc nng theo di gim st thit b ................... 51
Hnh 3.14. Biu usecase chc nng iu khin thit b .............................. 52
Hnh 3.15. Biu usecase chc nng qun l lu tr ................................... 54
Hnh 3.16. Biu usecase chc nng thng k bo co ................................ 55
Hnh 3.17. Biu usecase chc nng qun tr h thng ................................ 56
Hnh 3.18. Biu tun t qu trnh ng nhp h thng ............................... 58
Hnh 3.19. Biu tun t theo di gim st thit b nh trm ....................... 60
Hnh 3.20. Biu tun t qu trnh iu khin thit b nh trm .................. 62
Hnh 3.21. M hnh thit k h thng .............................................................. 65
Hnh 3.22. S thc th h thng gim st nh trm BTS ........................... 68
Hnh 3.23. c t bng d liu USERS .......................................................... 69
Hnh 3.24. c t bng d liu STATION ...................................................... 70
Hnh 3.25. c t bng d liu ROLE ............................................................ 70
Hnh 3.26. c t bng d liu DEVICE_TYPE ............................................ 71
Hnh 3.27. c t bng d liu DEVICES ...................................................... 71
Hnh 3.28. c t bng d liu PARAMETER ............................................... 72
Hnh 3.29. c t bng d liu STATION_DEVICE ..................................... 72
Hnh 3.30. c t bng d liu LOG_EVENT ................................................ 73
Hnh 3.31. c t bng d liu ALARM ........................................................ 74
Hnh 3.32. Application Services ...................................................................... 80
Hnh 3.33. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm -La chn trm m
phng ............................................................................................................... 80
Hnh 3.34. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm -Thit lp IP v
cng kt ni ti my ch ................................................................................. 81
Hnh 3.35. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm M phng thit b
ti trm ............................................................................................................. 81
Hnh 3.36. Mn hnh ng nhp h thng ....................................................... 82
Hnh 3.37. Giao din chng trnh ngi dng sau khi ng nhp ................. 83
Hnh 3.38. Hin th trng thi kt ni,trng thi thit b .................................. 83
Hnh 3.39. Nh trm BTS:gi cnh bo chy .................................................. 84
Hnh 3.40. Mn hnh hin th cnh bo chy cho ngi qun l ..................... 84
Hnh 3.41. Tnh trng trm hin ti ................................................................. 85
Hnh 3.42. Nh trm nhn thng tin iu khin .............................................. 86
Hnh 3.43. Trng thi cc thit b sau khi iu khin ..................................... 87
Danh mc cc t vit tt:

BTS: Base Transceiver Station
BMS: BTS Monitoring System
PLC: Programmable Logic Controller
ATS: Automaitc Transfer Switch
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol /Internet Protocol
DI: Digital Input
DO: Digital Output
AI: Analog Input
NO: Normal Open
NC: Normal Close
CSDL: C s d liu
PK: Primary Key
MSC: Mobile Switching Center
HLR: Home Location Register
VLR: Visitor Location Register
AUC: Authencation Center
EIR: Equipment Indification Register
DRU: Double Radio Unit
DXU: Dtibution Switch Unit
IDM: Internal Distribution Module
dTRU: double Transceiver Unit
CXU: Configuration Switch Unit
CDU: Combiner and Distribution Unit
ACCU/DCCU: AC/DC Connection Unit
FCU: Fan Control Unit
PSU: Power Supply Unit
TMA: Tower Mounted Amplifier
ASU: Antena Sharing Unit
CTT: ng cu thng tin
1
M u:
Trong xu th cnh tranh ngy cng mnh ca nn kinh t m ca trong
tt c cc lnh vc c bit trong ngnh kinh doanh dch v, cht lng phc
v v gi c dch v cung cp cho khch hng c t ln hng u. Ngnh
dch v vin thng l ngnh kinh doanh c t lu, c mt h thng c s
h tng, h thng thit b cung cp dch v c lp t trn mt a bn rng.
Do ngy cng phi xy dng thm cc nh trm, u t thm cc h thng
thit b cng ngh mi cung cp cc dch v vin thng theo nhu cu pht
trin ca th trng nn tr gi ti sn u t ngy cng cao. nng cao cht
lng dch v v gim ti a chi ph qun l, tng cng vic kim sot an
ninh i vi cc nh trm thit b, cn phi c mt gii php gim st qun l
nh trm tp trung t xa, t ng ho ton b hot ng ca cc thit b ph
tr tng tui th cc thit b chnh, gim bt nhn t con ngi trng coi
qua gim bt rt nhiu chi ph qun l v tn dng c ngun nhn lc
phc v cc nhu cu khc. Xut pht t thc tin , em xin chn ti
:Vn hnh, qun l, gim st h thng BTS Viettel Hi Phng lm
n tt nghip. Mc tiu ca n: Tm hiu h thng trang thit b ti nh trm
thu pht sng di ng BTS a ra gii php gim st v iu khin t xa
cc thit b ti nh trm. T xy dng h thng phn mm gim st v iu
khin tp trung cho cc trm thu pht sng di ng BTS. hon thnh n
ny em xin chn thnh cm n s gip v ch dy tn tnh ca c Nguyn
Th Hng gio vin hng dn ti ny, anh T Vn Dng l cu sinh vin
ca trng i Hc Dn Lp Hi Phng hin ang cng tc ti trm BTS
Viettel Tin Lng v ton th phng ban k thut Viettel chi nhnh Tin Lng
Hi Phng.
Hi Phng, ngy 12 thng 4 nm 2013
Sinh vin thc hin
Nguyn Tin Hip
2
CHNG 1.
TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG
1.1. GII THIU CHUNG V H THNG GSM.
H thng thng tin di ng GSM 900, GSM 1800 l h thng thng tin
di ng dng bng tn xung quanh bng tn 900MHz (890 - 960MHz) v
1800 MHz (1710 - 1880) c chia thnh hai dy tn:
- Dy tn t 890 - 915MHz v 1710 - 1785MHz dng cho ng
ln t MS n BTS (Uplink).
- Dy tn t 935 - 960MHz v 1805 - 1880MHz dng cho ng
xung t BTS n MS (Downlink).
Khong cch gia cc sng mang trong h thng GSM l 200KHz m
h thng GSM c 2 bng tn rng 25MHz bao gm 25MHz /200=125 knh.
Trong knh 0 l dy bo v cn cc knh 1- 124 c gi l cc knh tn
s v tuyn tuyt i.
H thng GSM 1800 c rng 75MHz bao gm 75MHz /200=375
knh. Trong knh 0 l dy bo v cn cc knh 1- 374 c gi l cc
knh tn s v tuyn tuyt i.
Vit Nam bng tn GSM 900 v GSM 1800 c cp cho cc nh
khai thc vi s phn chia nh sau:

3
Nh khai thc Uplink ( Mhz) Downlink ( Mhz)
Vinaphone 890.4 898.4, 1710.1
1723.5

935.4 943.4, 1805.1
1818.5

Mobiphone
906.4 914.4, 1723.5
1736.7

951.4 959.4, 1818.5
1831.7

Viettel
898.4 906.4, 1736.7
1749.9

943.4 951.4, 1831.7
1844.9

Vietnammobile 837 875 882 - 890

Hnh 1.1. Bng tn GSM ca cc nh mng

Hnh 1.2. Cu trc mng thng tin di ng GSM.
4
Nhn vo hnh v ta c th thy chc nng ca BTS l truyn v nhn
tn hiu v tuyn, m ho v gii m thng tin trao i vi thit b iu khin
trm gc (BSC).
1.2. CU TRC H THNG CHUYN MCH (SS).

Hnh 1.3. Cu trc h thng thng tin GSM.
1.2.1. MSC ( Mobile Switching Center).
MSC (Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng ) chu trch nhim v
vic thit lp s kt ni cc knh lu thng.
- Ti trm gc BSS.
- Ti h thng chuyn mch di ng MSC khc.
- Ti nhng mng chuyn mch khc (PSDN,PSTN...).
MSC cn thc hin chc nng qun l nhng vng nh v, x l nhng
dch v c s, dch v b sung, thc hin qu trnh tnh cc.

5
1.2.2. HLR(Home Location Register).
HLR (B nh v thng tr) qun l ton b d liu thu bao ca vng
ph sng ca mng. HLR l mt c s d liu ni m nhng thu bao di ng
c to ra, c tch ra, c cm hoc c xo i bi ngi iu hnh.
1.2.3. VLR(Visitor Location Register).
Trong thi gian MS cp nht v tr, d liu thu bao c chuyn t
HLR ti VLR hin ti. D liu ny c lu tr trong VLR trong sut thi
gian m MS di chuyn trong vng ny. VLR s cung cp d liu cho thu bao
bt k lc no n cn cho vic x l mt cuc gi. Nu mt thu bao di ng
di chuyn n vng phc v VLR khc th mt cp nht v tr xy ra ln na.
VLR mi yu cu d liu thu bao t HLR chu trch nhim v thu bao di
ng .
1.2.4. AUC (Authencation Center) v EIR (Equipment Indification
Register).
Mt thu bao mun truy cp mng,VLR s kim tra Sim Card ca n
c c chp nhn khng, ngha l n thc hin s nhn thc. VLR s dng
nhng thng s nhn thc c gi l nhng b ba, n c to ra mt cch
lin tc v ring bit cho mi thu bao di ng c cung cp bi trung tm
nhn thc AUC. AUC c kt hp vi HLR.
EIR kim tra tnh hp l ca thu bao da trn yu cu c tnh thit b
di ng quc t IMEI t MS sau gi n ti b phn ghi nhn dng thit b
EIR. Trong EIR, IMEI ca ton b thit b di ng c s dng th phi
phn chia thnh ba danh sch:
- Danh sch mu trng: cha thit b di ng c chp nhn.
- Danh sch mu xm: cha thit b di ng c theo di.
- Danh sch mu en: cha thit b di ng khng c chp
nhn.
6
EIR kim tra IMEI c thch hp vo mt trong ba danh sch ny hay
khng v chuyn kt qu ti MSC.
1.3. H THNG CON V TUYN.
H thng con v tuyn bao gm:
- Thit b di ng MS.
- Thit b trm gc BSS.
H thng trm gc BSS bao gm:
- Trm thu pht gc BTS.
- B iu khin trm gc BSC.
- B chuyn m v chuyn i tc TRAU.
1.3.1. BSC.
B iu khin trm gc BSC cung cp nhng chc nng thng minh
iu khin mi hot ng ca h thng trm gc (BSS). Mt BSC c th iu
khin nhiu BTS. N phn phi s kt ni cc knh lu lng (Traffic
Channel) t h thng chuyn mch ti cc Cell v tuyn BTS, ngoi ra n cn
thc hin chuyn giao cng vi MSC.
1.3.2. BTS.
BTS c thit lp ti tm ca mi t bo, n thng tin n cc MS
thng qua giao din v tuyn Um, ngha l n cung cp nhng kt ni v
tuyn gia MS v BTS. BTS c xc nh bng cc thng s m t nh kh
nng truyn dn, tn ca Cell, bng tn v tuyn

7
1.3.3. H thng chuyn m v chuyn i tc TRAU.
TRAU gm 2 chc nng:
- Thc hin vic chuyn i lung d liu 64kb/s (ting ni, d
liu) t MSC thnh lung d liu c tc tng i thp tng
ng vi giao din v tuyn 16kb/s.
- Thc hin qu trnh tch ghp lung.
1.4. H THNG OSS.
Tt c mi s hot ng, s kim tra v s bo tr cho tt c nhng
thnh phn mng SS, BSS (BSC, BTS, TRAU) c th thc hin trung tm
OMS, gi l trung tm vn hnh v bo dng.
H thng OMS bao gm mt hoc nhiu OMC (OMC- R, OMC- S).
OMC c lin kt vi nhng phn t SS v BSS thng qua mt mng d
liu gi X25.

8
CHNG 2.
TNG QUAN V TRM BTS CA VIETTEL
2.1. TNG QUAN CA MT TRM BTS.
2.1.1. T ngun AC.
T ngun AC c chc nng chnh l nhn in t in li hoc t my
pht in (trong trng hp mt in) cp ngun xoay chiu cho: n v cng
tc, my iu ho t ngun, t ngun DC
T ngun AC ny c nhng u im sau: tch hp b ct in p cao,
t ng chuyn i gia in my n v in li, b lm tr khi s dng
in my n
2.1.2. T ngun DC.
T ngun DC c chc nng nhn in p AC t t ngun AC, sau
chnh lu v n p cp ngun DC(- 48V) cho cc thit b vin thng khc
trong trm (t BTS, cc thit b truyn dn). Thit k ca t ny gm c: T
, c quy, MCU, Rectifier.
- T: c cc hc cm Rectifier, MCU, v cc ngn cha c
quy (mi ngn cha c 4 c quy, mi c quy 12V).
- Rectifier: l mt modul nhn in p xoay chiu t t, chnh lu
v n p thnh mt chiu.
- MCU l mt module iu khin hot ng ca t, khi mt in
chuyn sang dng ngun acquy, a ra cnh bo khi hng
rectifer, mt in v cn ngun. Thng thng trong mt t
ngun DC c t nht 2 Rectifer nhm d phng khi hng mt
Rectifer (s lng rectifer ph thuc vo ti mnh dng, mi
rectifer chu dng ti a khong 30A). Khi mt in t ngun
DC a ra cnh bo mt in, tn hiu ny cung cp cho t BTS,
9
t BTS s a v trung tm iu khin nh vy m h bit trm
no ang mt in trin khai my pht in. Trong thi gian
mt in, t ngun DC s dng in t ngun c quy, khi in
ca c quy gim xung mc quy nh th cnh bo cn ngun
c a v trung tm k thut. Nu lc ny khng trin khai
my pht in th c quy cn v trm s khng hot ng (cht
trm).
2.1.3. Cc thit b bn trong trm BTS.
- T BTS (ph thuc vo nh cung cp, cng ngh s dng).
- T Rectifier (thng i km vi nh cung cp t BTS): c bn
hiu l chuyn AC->DC (vi cc gi tr mong mun).
- H thng Batteries (cng thng i km vi nh cung cp t): c
bn hiu l cung cp in cho t BTS hot ng khi cp in
li AC.
- H thng my lnh: m bo nhit hot ng ca cc thit b
in t.
- H thng bo v chng st v ni t: chc nng nh tn gi.
- H thng n tng v n khn cp ( hot ng khi cp in
li gip k s thao tc ).
- H thng bo chy v h thng bnh cha chy.
- H thng t phn phi in.
- Thp antenna: bc x trng in t ( kch thc loi ph thuc
vo nh cung cp, cng ngh ang s dng ).
- H thng feeder: truyn sng t t BTS ln antena pht sng.
- H thng DDF: thng gi l rack DDF dng lp cc thit b
truyn dn.
10
Ngoi nhng thit b phc v cho cng vic gi thng tin lin lc gia
cc nh cung cp dch v v thit b di ng, nh trm cn c nhiu thit b
ph tr khc m bo nh trm c th hot ng mt cch hiu qu nht.
Sau y l cc thit b phc v cho vic gim st nh trm c th l nh trm
BTS ca Viettel Tin Lng, Hi Phng bao gm:
- Thit b gim st hnh nh lu tr li cc thng tin cn
thit, phc v cho cng vic kim tra, theo di qu trnh lm vic
ca nh trm.
- Thit b qun l vo ra: iu khin vic ng m ca trm .
- T chuyn ngun ATS (Automatic Transfer Swich): l
mt thit b quan trng trong nh trm.

Hnh 2.1. T chuyn ngun ATS.
T chuyn ngun ATS c cc chc nng sau:
11
Gim st ngun in: T khi ng my n khi mt in
li v t ng ngt my n khi c in li tr li.
C kh nng ci t thi gian tr ng in my n k t
khi my n bt u hot ng, hoc thi gian ng in li t khi
c in li tr li.
Chng dao ng in: Khi ngun in n nh, h thng s
ngt in n ti bo v ti. Khi ngun in n nh tr li sau
mt khong thi gian nht nh th mi ng in n ti.
Chc nng bo v: H thng c chc nng chng qu /thp
p, mt pha in li: khi mng in li b mt mt trong ba pha,
hoc khi mng in li ba pha xy ra hin tng tng p hoc thp
p vt ra ngoi di t, th h thng t ng ngt ti ra khi
mng in li v khi ng my pht in cp in cho ti. Khi
mng in li thc s n nh sau khong thi gian t trc tu
(t 1 n 10 pht) th h thng s t ng tt my pht in v ng
in li n ti.
Chc nng cnh bo: cnh bo ti ch v truyn tn hiu
cnh bo v trung tm i vi cc s kin.
Cc thng s hot ng cho h thng c ci t d dng.
Khi c tch hp vo h thng gim st iu khin t xa, h thng
ATS v cc mch iu khin my n ngoi kh nng vn hnh t ng c
lp (ch auto), cn phi c thm vn hnh t xa (ch remote) v ch
nhn cng hon ton (ch manual), c nh vy h thng mi c kh nng
d phng cao gim thiu ri ro ti a cao.
- H thng n chiu sng v thit b iu khin n chiu sng.
- iu ho : m bo nhit trong nh trm lun n nh gip
cho cc thit b trong nh trm hot ng hiu qu hn. iu
12
khin iu ho cn s dng mt thit b iu khin c chc nng
sau:
Pht hin trng thi bt tt iu ho.
C kh nng ci t nhit , tc gi, tc
qut cho iu ho.
- Mch o in p c quy.
- u o nhit phng my: o chnh xc nhit phng my
cn phi s dng u o c di o ph hp (khong t 0-50C).

Hnh 2.2. u o nhit phng my.
- Cm bin khi, cm bin chy: cnh bo sm cc nguy c
chy n gy thit hi cho cc thit b trong trm.

Hnh 2.3. u bo khi v u bo nhit gia tng.
- Cm bin ca m v cm bin knh v: pht hin t nhp tri
php vo nh trm.

13

Hnh 2.4. Cm bin ca m v cm bin knh v.
- m k: o m trong trm.
- Qut thng gi: gi cho qut lun kh thong, gia tng tui th
cho cc thit b trong trm.

Hnh 2.5. Qut thng gi.
2.1.4. Cc khi phn cng ca t BTS.
y ta s xt n cc khi phn cng ca t BTS c th, trong n
ny em xin c ni n t RBS ca Sony Ericsson.
14

Hnh 2.6. Cc khi phn cng ca t RBS.
2.1.4.1. DRU(Double Radio Unit).
DRU thc hin giao din kt ni gia cc kt ni Y link t DXU v h
thng an ten. DRU cha 2 b thu pht TRx, cc b kt hp, h thng phn
phi v cc b lc. DRU cng h tr c iu ch GMSK v 8-PSK (EDGE).
DRU cha b kt hp lai ghp c th s dng kt hp truyn 2 Tx .
Thng qua cu hnh phn mm DRU c th hot ng c ch kt hp hay
khng kt hp. Mi u cui Tx c gn vi mt bias injector khi kt ni
vi mt modul iu khin khuch i nh thp (TMA-CM) v cp ngun cho
cc b khuch i nh thp (TMA). Cc tnh nng chnh ca DRU l truyn
v nhn cc tn hiu v tuyn v x l cc tn hiu .

Hnh 2.7. Card DRU.
15
DRU bao gm cc khi chnh sau:
- Khi x l trung tm CPU(Cental Processing Unit).
- Khi x l tn hiu s DSP(Digital Signal Processor).
- Khi iu khin v tuyn (Radio Control System).
- Khi v tuyn(Radio System).
- H thng phn phi v kt hp.
- Cc b lc.

16

Hnh 2.8. S khi DRU.
a. H thng CPU.
H thng CPU chu trch nhim iu khin RBS. N gm b x l trung
tm, b nh, cc giao din truy nhp logic.
b. Khi x l tn hiu s DSP.
Hai khi DSP thc hin tt c cc x l cn thit ca tn hiu bng c s
cho 1 TR. Vi ng xung th bao gm mt m v to ra cc cm, vi ng
ln th n cn bng kt hp gii m.
c. Khi iu khin v tuyn (Radio Control System).
Hai b iu khin v tuyn chu trch nhim thc hin:
- ng b iu khin cc phn khc nhau ca tn hiu v tuyn.
- iu ch v bin i D/A cc tn hiu hi thoi.
- Thu v lc cc tn hiu v tuyn vi cc b la chn lc knh.
17
d. H thng v tuyn.
Mi h thng v tuyn bao gm 2 b thu v 1 b pht v tuyn bao gm
c b khuch i cng sut. B thu v tuyn nhn tn hiu c iu ch
ng ln t 1 hay 2 nhnh v truyn chng ln h thng iu khin v tuyn.
B pht v tuyn pht ra cc tn hiu v tuyn ng xung t tn hiu bng
c s c iu ch. Sau n gi cc tn hiu ny ti b khuch i.
e. H thng phn phi v kt hp.
H thng phn phi v kt hp iu khin nh tuyn cc tn hiu TRX
gia b thu pht v tuyn v b lc. B kt hp lai ghp kt ni mt hay hai
b thu pht ti an ten thng qua b tip sng iu khin phn mm. DRU c
th c cu hnh cho hot ng vi cc b kt hp lai ghp hay c ch phi
kt hp. Tn hiu RX c th c phn phi ti rt nhiu b phn khc nhau
bi cc chuyn mch khc nhau thit lp nh nht s an ten thu hay chia s an
ten thu, hay 4 WRD (4 Way Radio Diverity ).
f. B lc.
B lc thc hin lc cc tn hiu TX v RX vic lc tn hiu RX c
TRX c thc hin song song ti mi cng an ten chung. H thng lc cng
cha c bias injector cung cp ngun cho TMA thng qua feeder.
2.1.4.2. DXU(Distribution Switch Unit) - Khi chuyn mch v phn
phi.
DXU l khi x l trung tm ca RBS. N h tr cc giao din ti BSC
v thu thp pht i cc cnh bo. DXU iu khin cng sut v cc thit b mi
trng (qut) cho RBS. N c 1 Flash-card c th b tho ri mi khi c mt
DXU b hng v khng cn thit phi np li phn mm cng nh cu hnh t
BSC. DXU cng cung cp 4 kt ni cho truyn dn, n c th x l c lung
E1 hay T1. DXU c phn cng h tr EDGE trn c 12 TRx.
Cc chc nng: DXU phc v nh mt nt chnh trung tm v cc chc
nng chnh ca n l:
18
- Cung cp cho RBS mt giao din ti mng truyn ti thng qua 4
cng truyn dn E1/T1.
- X l lu lng i vo,iu khin v gim st thng tin gi n ti
cc phn trong t RBS.
- Cung cp cc tn hiu tham chiu tn s v cc tn hiu ng b
trong t RBS.
- Lu tr v chy cc chng trnh, cc chng trnh c lu tr
trong Flash card.
- iu khin h thng ngun v khng kh.
DXU c cu to t cc khi c bn sau:
- H thng CPU.
- H thng chuyn mch.
- B iu khin giao tip truyn dn.
- B h tr ngun.
- H thng ng b thi gian.
- Logic hn hp.

Hnh 2.9. Card DXU.
19
a. H thng CPU.
L phn quan trng nht ca DXU, y l b iu khin 32 bit c gn
vo mt PPC 405 x l chnh cc giao din kt ni. N bao gm cc phn
sau:
- B iu khin I2C.
- B iu khin ethernet 10/100 Mbit/s.
- B nh SDRAM.
- B nh Flash.
- ASIC GARP.
- Compact Flash Card.
b. H thng chuyn mch.
Khi h thng ny gm cc mch x l lu lng gia BSC v TRU. C
th l tch cc TS t lin kt A-bit v gi chng ti cc TRU thng qua bus
ni b.
c. B iu khin giao tip truyn dn.
Mch bao gm 4 lin kt truyn dn v qun l cc giao din lin kt
truyn dn ny. Mch cng iu khin lu lng cho 4 lin kt truyn dn ny.
C th dng vi 2 loi tc : E1(2,048Mbit/s), T1(1,544Mbit/s).
d. H tr ngun.
B h tr ngun phn phi tt c cc in p cn thit cho DXU. Cp
ngun DC cho DXU thng l +24V.
e. H thng ng b thi gian.
c s dng cho vic pht 1 tn hiu l 13MHz.
f. Logic hn hp.
Chc nng ny bao gm cc khi:
- o in p h thng.
- o lng nhit .
- Reset ngun.
20
g. Compact Flash Card: C th thay th d dng.
2.1.4.3. Khi iu khin qut FCU.
FCU iu khin v gim st trng thi cc qut trong RBS c iu
khin bi DXU n c chc nng chnh l:
- iu khin v gim st cc qut.
- Hin th trng thi ca cc qut.
- a ra cc cnh bo lin quan.
- Thc hin giao din ngi my vi cc qut.
FCU s tin hnh o nhit ca mi trng xung quanh v iu khin
tng gim tc cc qut cho ph hp. Nu xy ra mt vn no vi cc
qut n s pht ra cc cnh bo v gi ti DXU x l.
S lng 1.

Hnh 2.10. Card FCU.
2.1.4.4. Khi phn phi ngun ni b IDM.
IDM phn phi ngun +24V DC ti tt c cc khi trong RBS, cc
mch phn phi ny c bo v bi cc cu ch ng ngt. Mi mch phn
phi trong t c 1 cng tc trn IDM.
S lng :1

21

Hnh 2.11. Card IDM.

2.1.4.5. Khi cp ngun PSU.
Khi cp ngun PSU bao gm 2 loi: PSU-DC v PSU-AC.
a. PSU-DC.
PSU-DC chuyn i ngun DC trong di t -57,6 n -40,5V DC thnh
ngun u ra +27,2V DC. Cng sut cc i u ra l 1500W. PSU-DC bao
gm nhng khi chnh nh:
- B lc u vo, b lc tng thch in t (EMC).
- B chuyn i DC-DC.
- B lc u ra.
- Cc mch gim st v iu khin.
22
in p u vo trc tin qua b lc u vo (EMC) ni n c lc
b cc tn hiu tha bc x ra t hot ng ca PSU DC. B chuyn i
DC/DC s chuyn in p DC thnh cc xung vung. Sau chuyn sang
phn s cp ca my bin th. B chuyn i s gii hn cc dng qu p. Ti
my bin th in p c chuyn thnh 24V di dng xung vung. Cc
xung ny s c sa sang thnh DC thng qua diode chnh lu. B lc u ra
s lc in p ra ngn nga cc tn hiu bc x khng cn thit t PSU
DC.

Hnh 2.12. Card PSU-DC.
b. PSU- AC.
PSU - AC chuyn i ngun AC trong di t 200 n 250V AC thnh
in p +24V DC. Cng sut cc i u ra l 1520W, PSU-AC bao gm cc
khi chnh nh:
- B lc u vo, b lc EMC.
- Cu ni.
23
- B chuyn i tng cng.
- B chuyn i DC/DC.
- Lc u ra, lc EMC.
- Cc mch iu khin v gim st.
in p u vo u tin thng qua cu ch ni b v i vo b lc u
vo (EMC filter) ni dng in c lc b cc tn hiu khng cn thit bc
x ra t hot ng ca PSU-AC sau a qua b chnh lu cu AC. B
chuyn i tng cng to ra cc xung hnh sin cng pha vi in p vo, in
p u ra ca b chuyn i l +400V DC. in p qua b chuyn i DC/DC
c dch pha chuyn mch mm chuyn i in p +400V thnh +24V DC
u ra. in p c a qua b lc u ra (EMC) lc b cc nhiu pht
sinh trong qu trnh lm vic ca PSU-AC.
2.1.4.6. Card ACCU/DCCU (AC Connection Unit / DC Connection
Unit) - Khi kt ni AC/DC.
a. ACCU.
L khi thc hin phn phi ngun s cp u vo cho cc PSU thc
hin bin i ngun AC thnh DC.
b. DCCU.
Phn phi ngun DC s cp ti cc khi PSU-DC.

Hnh 2.13. PSU-AC.
24

Hnh 2.14. Card ACCU.

Hnh 2.15. Card DCCU.
25
2.1.4.7. Y Link.
L h thng Bus ni b cho php thng tin gia DXU vi cc dTRU,
ECU. N mang thng tin nh bo hiu TRX, ting v s liu.
Ngoi ra cn c Bus nh thi mang thng tin nh thi v tuyn t
DXU ti cc dTRU.
EPC bus l si quang lp truyn cng sut mang thng tin iu khin v
gim st gia ECU vi PSU v BFU.
2.1.4.8. DC filter -B lc ngun DC.
Thc hin chc nng kt ni ngun DC +24V vo t RBS ng thi
lm nhim v lc cc xung DC do ng ngt p BFU to in p DC ra n
nh bo v cho cc thit b RBS.

Hnh 2.16. B lc DC.
26
2.1.4.9. c im k thut ca t RBS 2206.

Hnh 2.17. T RBS 2206.
- L t c trng dng cho trm indoor (lp t trong nh).
- H tr ti a 6 n v thu pht kp (tng ng 12 TRX) trn 1
t.
- Vi 1 t ta c th thit lp c cu hnh hot ng ca trm l 1
sector, 2 sector hoc 3 sector do RBS2206 s dng 2 loi b kt
hp mi (combiner) rt linh hot, c th s dng kt hp bng tn
GSM900/1800, GSM800/1900 hay GSM800/1800.
- Khi s dng kt hp lc (filter combiner, k hiu CDU-F) th
RBS2206 h tr hot ng 1 trong cc cu hnh l 3x4(4/4/4),
2x6(6/6) v 1x12 (Omni 12) s dng cc bng tn GSM 900 v
1800.
27

Hnh 2.18. Khi CDU-G v CDU-F.
- CDU-G combiner (Combiner and Distribution Unit)- hay cn gi
b phn phi v kt hp: CDU kt hp cc tn hiu c pht i
t cc TRX v phn chia cc tn hiu m n thu c t an ten.
C 2 loi CDU khc nhau dng cho GSM 900 v 1800 (CDU-F
v CDU-G) v 1 loi CDU dng cho GSM 800 v 1900(CDU-G).
o CDU-G: c tnh nng ghp lai h tr nhy tn bng c bn
v nhy tn kt hp.
o CDU-F: c tnh nng kt hp lc h tr cc cu hnh ln
h tr nhy tn bng c bn. CDU-F c ti u ho cho
cc cu hnh ln vi cng sut u ra ti a trn s lng
an ten ti thiu.
- Cc b lc song cng cho php c ng thu ln ng pht kt
ni ti cng 1 an ten. Cc cu hnh song cng cng cho php
gim thiu s lng an ten v feeder cn thit cng nh hn ch
suy hao ti cc b kt hp trn ng truyn.
- C CDU-G v CDU-F u sn sng v phn cng h tr
EDGE.
- CDU-G combiner c th c cu hnh theo 2 ch : ch
dung lng v ch vng ph. Khi hot ng ch vng
28
ph, cng sut ti u ra ca n tng ln 3,5db v rt hiu qu vi
cc site c vng ph sng l nng thn, ngoi hoc khi bt u
cung cp dch v cho mt khu vc mi vi chi ph thp nht.
hot ng vi cu hnh 4/4/4 ta phi s dng 3 khi CDU-G.
Khi chuyn mch cu hnh CXU: nhim v ca CXU l kt ni cho
gia CDU v dTRU ti ng thu. CXU gip vic nng cp hoc cu hnh li
mt t RBS c thun tin hn ch vic di chuyn hoc thay th cp RX. Cc
u vo v ra RX trn dTRU v CDU c t nhng v tr ti thiu ho
s loi cp c s dng kt ni gia CXU v dTRU/CDU.

Hnh 2.19. Khi CXU.
Khi khuch i TMA(Tower Mounted Amplifier):
Mi b khuch i nhiu ti thiu l mt la chn c th c s dng
theo yu cu b li suy hao do an ten feeder v tng cng hiu nng cho
tt c cc b thu. Vi mi cu hnh, CDU-G v CDU-F u sn c cc b
TMA song cng kp nh l mt tnh nng la chn. h tr cc b khuch
i TMA trong cc t BTS cn c thm cc b phn l mul iu khin TMA
v cc b phun in th hiu dch (Bias injector). B phun in th hiu dch
c s dng cung cp cho khi TMA in nng 1 chiu t khi TMA
CM ri a ln feeder v tuyn cao tn.
n v phn ti an ten (ASU-Antenna Sharing Unit).
L mt b phn mi c tch hp sn v l mt tnh nng la chn
cho GSM 800 v GSM 1900. ASU h tr chc nng phn ti anten gia chun
TDMA 850 v GSM 800. Ti ng thu tn hiu c a t an ten i qua
feeder ti ARP (antena reference point ) ca t RBS 2206. Sau tn hiu
c lc ri c khuch i ti khi CDU. Ti u ra RX ca CDU tn hiu
29
c a ti ASU v ti y mt phn nh ca tn hiu c a ti u vo
RX ca khi x l trung tm RBS.
Cc thng s k thut ca t RBS2206:
Thit b rng mt trc
(mm)
rng mt bn
(mm)
Chiu cao
T c lp khung

600 400 1850
T khng c
khung
600 400 1800

Trng lng :
Thit b Trng lng(kg)
T gn y cc khi card v c lp
khung
230

Cc yu cu v ngun in: in nng tiu th ti a ca RBS l 3855W
(i vi ngun cung cp l 120-250V AC). Nu dng c ACCU d phng th
in nng tiu th ACCU np y c th ln n mc tm thi l 5780W.
Cc thng s trn c tnh trong ch hot ng vi mc ti ti a vi iu
kin tiu chun. S tiu th in nng trong qu trnh hot ng ph thuc vo
cu hnh trm.
2.1.4.10. Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS.
Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS da trn qu trnh x l cc tn hiu m n
nhn c t my di ng v BSC.
a. Tn hiu t BSC gi n.
Tn hiu t BSC a ti BTS thng qua giao din Abis trn ng
truyn PCM gm c cc tn hiu sau:
- Tn hiu thoi PCH (Traffic chanel).
30
- Tn hiu bo hiu RSL(Radio Signalling Link).
- Tn hiu vn hnh bo dng OML(Operation Maintenance Link).
- Tn hiu truyn dn Qmux.

Hnh 2.20. Cu trc khung PCM trn giao din Abis.
Cc tn hiu ny c phn b trn PCM nh sau:
- Khe thi gian TS0 c s dng cho mc ch ng b.
- TS1 s dng truyn tn hiu Qmux.
- Cc khe thi gian cn li c s dng truyn tn hiu TCH,
tn hiu bo hiu v tuyn v tn hiu vn hnh bo dng
(RSL/OML).
- Cc khe thi gian trong khung PCM c chia thnh 4 nibble
mi nibble 16Kbps c s dng cho mt knh lu lng TCH.
- Trong khung PCM giao din Abis th mt RSL chim ton b 1
khe thi gian trong khung v s RSL ph thuc vo s TRX m
mt BTS c. Tc l s lng ca RSL s bng s TRX.
- Trong khung PCM cn c tn hiu OML, tn hiu ny s dng
trong qu trnh khai thc v bo dng. Mt OML s chim mt
TS trong khung PCM v s lng ng OML s ph thuc vo
s BTS. Mi OML ch phc v cho mt BTS.
31
- Ngoi ra trong BTS ci tin cung cp ghp knh thng k. Tc l
s dng khe thi gian 64Kbps s dng truyn cho 4RSL v 1
OML, tc l thc hin qu trnh ghp vi 1 OML.
Cung cp ng truyn Qmux cho giao din Abis. Trong qu trnh hot
ng ngoi nhng thng tin bo hiu v thng tin v vn hnh v bo dng trm
BTS cng cn c iu khin bi BSC. Lnh iu khin ny c a vo
khung thi gian PCM khe thi gian TS1, tn hiu ny chim 1 nipple 16Kbps.
Thng qua giao din Abis n s gi tn hiu iu khin n khi TRAN S. Cc tn
hiu ny u tin c a dn khi SUMA v kt cui ti phn truyn dn ca
khi ny sau a n cc khi chc nng khc x l nh sau:
- Tn hiu Qmux c kt cui ti phn truyn dn thc
hin qu trnh iu khin truyn dn.
- Cc tn hiu vn hnh bo dng th kt cui ti khi
OML, khi nhn thng tin O&M x l v a ra cc lnh
lin quan n qu trnh vn hnh v bo dng.
- Cc tn hiu lu lng v bo hiu s c a n khi
TRE y s thc hin qu trnh x l thoi v sau a
n ANC ri ti antena ri pht ra mi trng v tuyn.
b. Tn hiu thu t my di ng MS(Mobile Station).
Tn hiu thu t MS qua antena ca BTS v sau c truyn xung
khi ANC, khi ny s lc, khuch i tp m thp (LNA) v chia cc tn hiu
thu (Spliter) sau khi c x l khi ANC tn hiu tip tc c a n
khi th hai l khi TRE, y l khi chu trch nhim ch yu v qu trnh x
l thoi nh l gii iu ch, gii nh dng cm, gii m ho knh v gii m
ho thoi. Tn hiu sau c a n khi SUMA ti y n thc hin ghp
cc tn hiu li trn khung PCM qu trnh ny thc hin ti phn truyn dn
sau giao din Abis s gi n BSC.

32
CHNG 3.
VN HNH, QUN L V GIM ST H THNG TRM
BTS CA VIETTEL.
3.1. KHO ST V PHN TCH H THNG GIM ST.
3.1.1. Hin trng nh trm hin nay v nhu cu xy dng h thng
gim st tp trung.
Thc t hin nay nh trm c h thng trang thit b rt a dng, mi
thit b li c sn xut nhiu hng khc nhau, c giao din iu khin v
qun l khc nhau nn vic gim st, iu khin trang thit b rt tn km v
cng sc cng nh kinh ph.
Hin nay c nhiu hng sn xut ra cc h thng gim st, iu khin
chuyn dng p ng nh cu gim st t xa v kim sot an ninh nh:
camera, th t, u c vn tay Phng tin truyn d liu gim st cng rt
khc nhau: ng in thoi, GPRS, mng IP trong gii php truyn dn
qua mng IP c u chung hn c.
Tuy nhin mi hng sn xut ch lm ra mt h thng chuyn dng ca
mnh (nh h thng gim st qua camera, h thng bo ng chng trm, h
thng iu khin thit b ring cho tng thit b ring bit ca hng) cho
bn rng ri ch cha c mt hng no a ra mt gii php tng th c th
tch hp c tt c cc thng tin cn gim st vo thnh mt h thng ng
nht.
Trong cc trm thu pht sng, bn thn cc h thng thit b ph tr
cc nh trm (nh my n, iu ho) cng khng ng b vi nhau, khng
cng chung mt giao din qun l, vic tch hp vo h thng gim st li cng
tr nn kh khn hn, ng thi thit b ph tr v quy m ca mi trm li
khc nhau.
33
T hin trng cc h thng nh trm hin nay cn phi qun l tp trung
cc trang thit b ca nh trm. y l mt nhu cu thit yu gim chi ph
nhn t con ngi trng coi v tn dng c ngun nhn lc phc v
cc nhu cu khc, t ng ho ton b hot ng ca cc thit b ph tr
tng tui th cc thit b chnh, nng cao cht lng dch v v gim ti a chi
ph qun l, tng cng vic kim sot an ninh i vi cc nh trm thit b.
C nh vy nh cung cp dch v mi c c hi tng sc cnh tranh trong
nn kinh t m ca hin nay.
3.1.2. Yu cu ca h thng gim st.
a. Yu cu chung vi h thng gim st nh trm.
T nhu cu thc t v hin trng cc h thng gim st thit b hin nay
i hi h thng gim st cn xy dng phi p ng c cc nhu cu sau:
- Thng tin qun l gim st phi c truyn t trm ln trung tm
qua mng IP c sn, m bo thi gian thc.
- C kh nng qun l tp trung nhiu nh trm trn din rng.
- H thng phi c n nh v tnh chnh xc cao.
- H thng p ng c cc nhu cu gim st iu khin sau:
o Gim st tc thi cc cnh bo chy n: khi, chy, nhit
gia tng
o Gim st tc thi cc cnh bo mi trng: nhit ,
m, nc ngp
o Gim st tc thi cc cnh bo v ngun in: in li,
in ti, s c in 3 pha
o Gim st trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b ph tr: iu
ho, my n, ATS
o o c chnh xc t xa cc thng s: o nhit , in p
DC/AC, dng in, tn s
34
o iu khin t ng cc thit b ph tr theo ng quy nh
: iu ho, ATS, my n
o iu khin t xa cc thit b ph tr.
o Gim st hnh nh qua h thng camera, t ng ghi hnh
khi c s kin.
o Gim st ca ra vo, cnh bo hin trng ca t ng m.
- H thng c kh nng tch hp c tt c cc nhu cu gim st
trn vo cng mt giao din qun l.
- H thng phi m bo tnh m v linh hot thch ng c
vi cc nh trm khc nhau v d phng m rng trong tng lai.
b. Cc yu cu i vi phn mm qun l trn Server.
- Chng trnh gim st phi phn quyn c i vi ngi s
dng, ngi s dng c th truy cp mi lc mi ni.
- Chng trnh gim st phi tch hp c tt c cc cng vic
nh ci t thng s, iu khin, gim st v qun l trn cng
mt giao din duy nht.
- Kt ni, truyn nhn d liu vi h thng bo v in t ti cc
trm thu pht sng thng qua mi trng mng theo chun
TCP/IP.
- C kh nng khai bo, m rng s trm thu pht sng .
3.2. GII PHP PHN CNG.
3.2.1. Gii php.
Trong vic gim st t xa c vn sau cn quan tm:
- Gim st cnh bo: chy n, t nhp, iu ho tt, mt in
- o c chnh xc cc thng s: nhit , dng p
- Ci t thng s cho cc thit b.
- iu khin thit b t xa.
- Gim st camera v ghi li hnh nh khi c s kin.
35
Nh vy ti mi trm s s dng mt thit b BMS (BTS Monitoring
System) c th m trch c cc chc nng ni trn, ng thi tt c
u phi c kh nng kt ni ln trung tm qua a ch IP v tch hp chung v
qun l trn cng mt phn mm.

Hnh 3.1. BTS Monitoring System -Thit b gim st iu khin h thng trang
thit b ti mi nh trm.
3.2.2. Thit b BTS Monitoring System.
Thit b BTS Monitoring System l mt sn phm da trn phn cng
iu khin logic lp trnh (PLC-Programmable Logic Controller) ca hng
Siemens, PLC thc cht l mt thit b c cc hng sn xut ni ting trong
lnh vc t ng ho (bao gm Siemens, Omron, Mitsubishi, Honeywell,
Allen Bradley ) sn xut ra thc hin vic gim st v iu khin t
ng trong mi trng cng nghip.
36
PLC c cu trc nh gn, h tr nhiu cng c cc kiu giao din khc
nhau cho php kt ni n tt c cc chng loi cm bin (sensor) v cc thit
b iu khin c trn th trng. Kh nng m rng s lng cng giao tip
ca PLC l rt tt, ch cn lp thm cc Modul I/O m rng ni tip nhau di
dng chui l xong. Tng s lng cng giao tip c m rng c th ln n
hng trm, hng ngn tu theo chng loi PLC.

Hnh 3.2. M rng cc cng I/O ca PLC bng cch lp thm modul
ni tip nhau.
Di y s m t thit b PLC c s dng cho h thng phc v gii
php gim st iu khin t xa cho cc nh trm khng ngi trc:

Hnh 3.3. M hnh kt ni thit b ca PLC.
a. Cng DI (Digital Input).
37
Cng DI chp nhn 2 mc tn hiu in: 24V tng ng logic 1 v
0V tng ng mc logic 0. Vic u ni u ra tip im ca cc cm
bin n cng DI rt n gin nh sau:

Hnh 3.4. Cng DI.
Trong trng hp mun tit kim s cng DI s dng ca PLC v
khng cn thit phn bit chnh xc tng sensor chng ta c th thc hin vic
u ni song song cc sensor c u ra tip im thng m (NO) hoc u
ni trc tip cc sensor c u ra tip im thng ng (NC) ri a vo 1
cng DI duy nht nh hnh di y.

Hnh 3.5. u song song cc sensor c u ra tip im thng m.
38

Hnh 3.6. u ni tip cc sensor c u ra tip im thng ng.
b. Cng AI (Analog Input).
Cng AI ca PLC chp nhn 2 kiu tn hiu in tng t a n:
- Kiu dng chp nhn dng in vo trong khong t 0-20mA.
- Kiu p: chp nhn in p vo trong khong t 0-5V.
Khi ni vi cm bin c u ra kiu dng, PLC ng vai tr nh mt
Ampe k.
Khi ni vi cm bin c u ra kiu p, PLC ng vai tr nh mt Vn
k.
PLC thc hin vic chuyn i tng t sang s (A/D) chuyn cc
tn hiu in sang dng s nguyn trong di 0-32767 mt cch tuyn tnh
truyn v trung tm (qua giao thc TCP/IP ).
Cc nh cung cp cm bin o gi tr chnh xc u c h tr cng ra 4-
20mA hoc 0-5V tng thch vi tt c cc loi PLC khc nhau. Ni chung
vic chuyn i gi tr o sang tn hiu in tng t ca u ra cm bin u
39
l tuyn tnh trn ton di o ca cm bin. V d: u o nhit cho di t
0-50C cho ra dng 4-20mA s c c tuyn chuyn i tuyn tnh nh hnh
di y:

Hinh 3.7. c tuyn chuyn i tuyn tnh.
Khi trung tm nhn c gi tr s ho m PLC gi n cn c theo c
tuyn trn s c th tnh ngc li gi tr thc m cm bin o c. Theo
cch ny h thng c kh nng o c tt c cc gi tr khc nhau ca trm
nh dng in, in p, tn s min l phi c c cm bin thch hp.
c. Cng DO (Digital Output).
Mi cng ra DO ca PLC ng vi mt cp tip im kiu NO.
Ngi lp trnh PLC c th lp trnh iu khin ng (ng vi logic
1 ca DO) hay m (ng vi logic 0 ca DO) cp tip im ny. Thng qua cp
tip im DO v c th qua mt vi role trung gian, in p iu khin bt k
c th c gi n iu khin thit b vi cng sut mong mun. Qua role,
thc hin vic phn cch hon ton v in gia PLC v thit b cn iu
khin, do bo v c PLC. Di y l hnh v m t cch thc u ni
gi 1 in p iu khin Vdk n thit b, Vdk c th l in p 1 chiu
hoc xoay chiu.

40

Hnh 3.8. Gi in p Vdk n iu khin thit b.
Theo cch ny, PLC c kh nng iu khin c tt c cc thit b c
giao tip iu khin bng in p c nh nh my n, iu ho, ATS, n
chiu sng, ci bo ngl cc thit b cn kt ni iu khin trong nh
trm.
3.2.3. Giao tip gia BMS v Server.
PLC p ng c tt c cc tnh nng cn thit cho vic gim st v
iu khin cc nhu cu cn thit t ra, cng vic quan trng nht l phi
lp trnh cho PLC. Chng trnh iu khin np vo PLC phi p ng c
cc nhm chc nng c bn sau:
- Giao tip vi trung tm qua mt giao thc xc nh trc (chnh
l giao thc TCP/IP) np cu hnh cho PLC v iu khin t
xa.
- T ng gi s kin cnh bo/xo cnh bo ln trung tm tt c
cc cng DI v AI.
- H tr chc nng iu khin t ng v iu khin t xa theo cu
hnh c np.

41

Hnh 3.9. Cc lung thng tin gia PLC v SERVER.
Nhm 1: Np cu hnh cc cng DI, AI, DO.
Lung thng tin trao i 2 chiu np cu hnh cc cng t xa cho
PLC, mi gi tin gi t trung tm cn c mt gi tin phc p. Thng qua np
cu hnh cc cng ca PLC bao gm:
42
o nh ngha cc cng s dng ca PLC.
o Nghng cnh bo cho tng cng DI hoc AI.
o nh ngha cng DO l dng duy tr hay xung, nu l dng
xung cn t rng xung cn thit.
Nhm 2: Np cc lu iu khin t ng.
Nhm ny dng thit lp cc quy trnh iu khin t ng i vi cc
thit b nh my n, ATS, iu ho, n chiu sng cn c theo t hp s
kin km theo tr thi gian i vi tng s kin ly t cc cng ca PLC
theo ng yu cu vn hnh ca ngi qun l. Cc mch iu khin ny
c thit k c th p ng c bt k mt yu cu iu khin t ng
no ca nh trm vi s lng v chng loi thit b cn iu khin l khng
hn ch.
Nhm ny bao gm cc thng tin np cu hnh cho vic iu khin t
ng nh k theo thi gian (v d nh np c quy my n nh k hay phn
lch hot ng ca tng iu ho ).
Mi gi tin np cu hnh gi t trung tm cng c mt phc p tng
ng t PLC.
Nhm 3: t thi gian thc.
Thng tin t thi gian thc gi t trung tm bao gm ngy, thng, nm,
gi, pht, giy ng b thi gian ca PLC vi trung tm.
Mi gi tin t thi gian thc c mt phc p tng ng t PLC.
Nhm 4: iu khin t xa.
Nhm ny c s dng trung tm thc hin vic iu khin t xa
i vi cc thit b iu khin ti nh trm, v d: tt my n, bt/ tt iu
ho, bt/tt n in
Nh c cc lu iu khin nh m t nhm 2, vic iu khin
vn hnh thit b theo mt quy trnh phc tp vn c th thc hin c mt
cch n gin. Nh c cc lu thch, ch cn mt lnh iu khin bt hoc
43
tt mt cng DO t trung tm l c th vn hnh c mt lot cc thit b
nh trm theo ng mt quy trnh mong mun bng cch lin kt tt c cc tn
hiu ly t cc cng ca PLC vo cc lu thch hp.
Mi gi tin iu khin t xa cng c mt gi tin phc p tng ng t
PLC.
Nhm 5: c s kin t cc cng.
y l cc gi tin gi t trung tm yu cu PLC gi tr li cc trng
thi, gi tr ca tt c cc cng m n c cu hnh.
Nhm 6: S kin cnh bo /xo cnh bo t cc cng DI, AI.
y l cc gi tin c t ng gi i t PLC mt cch tc thi khi mt
cng DI (tt nhin cng ny phi nm trong danh sch cc cng s dng c
np t trung tm theo nhm 1) thay i gi tr t 0 ln 1 hoc t 1 v 0, hoc
khi gi tr chnh xc o c t cng AI thay i t min khng cnh bo sang
min cnh bo v ngc li. Khi gi s kin ln trung tm, PLC s gi km
theo gi tr thi gian thc ti thi im xy ra s kin.
Nhm 7: S kin ON/OFF ca cc cng DO.
Khi mt cng DO thay i trng thi t OFF ln ON (sn ln ca tn
hiu iu khin) hoc t ON xung OFF (sn xung ca tn hiu iu khin),
PLC cng gi tc thi ln trung tm ni dung ca s kin ny km theo gi tr
thi gian ti thi im xy ra s kin.
Nhm 8: Gi nh k ID ca trm.
Khi trin khai nhiu trm PLC, mi PLC c t ring mt ch s ID
duy nht phn bit vi cc trm khc. Thng tin v ID ca PLC c nh
k gi ln trung tm xc nhn PLC vn ang hot ng tt.
Cc nhm 6, 7, 8 l cc thng tin ch c gi i khi cn thit cho nn
khi trng thi ch, lu lng thng tin chuyn t PLC ln trung tm l rt
nh,v vy gip cho trung tm c kh nng qun l ng thi hng trm n
hng nghn trn mng m khng b qu ti.
44
3.3. PHN TCH YU CU H THNG.
3.3.1. Yu cu chc nng ca h thng.
a. Qun l cu hnh:
Cho php thit lp cc thng s o v cc thng s iu khin h thng,
yu cu cho modul ny bao gm:
- Thit lp thng s cnh bo: Thit lp cc thng s v ngng
cnh bo ca nhit , m, in p AC, dng in AC, in p
DC ca t c quy
- Thit lp tham s v thi gian: Thit lp cc tham s v thi gian
nh: tr tc ng, tr cnh bo, tr khi ng my lnh
- Thit lp cc thng s iu khin: thit lp cc thng s iu
khin khc bao gm: tip im cnh bo NC, NO, ch hot
ng cho cc c cu chp hnh nh ATS cho my n, ch iu
khin my lnh, qut thng gi, ch cho php cm m ca
trm
b. iu khin thit b.
Yu cu iu khin h thng camera lp t trong trm:
o Cho php bt/ tt Camera.
o Cho php gim st hnh nh ti trm qua Camera IP, cho
php trc tip hnh nh ti trm.
o Cho php quan st ng thi s lng Camera c trn
mng.
o Cho php iu khin Camera quay ngang, qut dc, zoom
t xa hoc chuyn n v tr preset (yu cu camera phi c
tnh nng ny).
Yu cu ng m ca t xa.
o Cho php ng m ca trm t trung tm iu hnh.
45
o Cho php t ch c php/khng c php m ca
trm t ng trong cc tnh hung c xy ra cnh bo chy,
cnh bo t nhp hoc cnh bo khc.
Yu cu iu khin c cu chp hnh ATS v my n.
o Cho php chuyn c ch hot ng ca ATS: t
ng/bng tay.
o Cho php iu khin n my n.
o Cho php chuyn ch t ng sang dng in li khi
c in ti trm (sau khi cc thng s in li ti trm n
nh).
Yu cu iu khin iu ho.
o Cho php chuyn ch ca thit b iu khin my lnh
(t ng/bng tay).
o Cho php iu khin bt/tt cc my lnh c trong trm.
o Cho php iu khin nhit , tc qut, gc quay.
Yu cu iu khin qut thng gi.
o Cho php iu khin bt/tt qut thng gi.
o Cho php iu chnh tc qut thng gi.
Yu cu iu khin cc thit b khc.
o Cho php bt tt h thng in h tr quan st bng
camera ban m.
o Cho php iu chnh sng ca n.
o Cho php bt/ tt h thng bo ng bo chy.
Yu cu iu khin np ac quy.
o Cho php iu khin np/khng np ac quy (khi chy my
n thi khng np c quy).

46

c. Theo di, gim st.
Cho php xc nh trng thi kt ni (online/offline) gia trm v
trung tm, xc nh trm ang kt ni, trm mt kt ni hoc s
c.
Cho php kch hot camera ti trm khi c yu cu quan st,
camera c th iu chnh gc quay (nu h tr tnh nng ny).
Cho php ghi hnh trc tip ti cc trm v lu tr trn my ch
trung tm.
Cho php quan st chi tit hot ng ca trm thng qua vic hin
th cc thng s v h thng bo v ca trm. Cc thng s c
chuyn t trm v trung tm nh k theo yu cu nh in p,
dng in, cng sut, nhit , trng thi, iu ho
C kh nng cnh bo khi trm xy ra hin tng t nhp, knh
v, nhit tng, chy, khi, ngp nc
C h thng ci bo ng khi mt trm gp s c. C s thay i
mu sc trn mn hnh ph thuc vo cp ca s c.
Cho php ngi gim st thao tc iu khin cc thit b c kt
ni vi h thng bo v nh ang thao tc ti trm.
d. Qun l lu tr.
Lu tr thng tin v cu hnh trm (cc tham s ci t cho cc
thit b ) ti thi im gn nht v s liu lch s.
Lu tr thng tin v cc s kin cnh bo ca trm theo s kin
v thi gian xy ra s kin.
Kt ni vi h thng bo v in t /h thng iu khin thu
thp cc file s kin do camera quan st ghi li c.

47
e. Thng k bo co.
Cho php thng k s lng trm gim st theo pha.
Cho php thng k tnh trng gim st theo tng trm /nhiu
trm.
Thng k theo thi gian.
Thng k theo s kin.
Thng k theo cc iu kin tng hp.
Bo co tnh trng hot ng ca tng i, mng li in, iu
khin, bo ng
f. Qun tr h thng.
Cho php qun l ngi dng (user), nhm ngi dng (user
group).
Cho php phn quyn n tng ngi dng truy cp vo h thng
gim st t xa.
Cho php phn quyn s dng n tng chc nng, theo tng
modul, theo tng cp ngi dng.
H thng m bo c ch bo mt nhiu lp (Server, Client).
Ngi dng ch c quyn truy cp trn mt s chc nng nht
nh do ngi qun tr h thng cp quyn.
H thng c kh nng thm, bt c ngi dng, nh trm, thit
b
H thng m bo kh nng backup v restore d liu.
3.3.2. Yu cu phi chc nng.
H thng phi gn nh, chy c trn nhiu h iu hnh khc
nhau.
H thng phi m bo thi gian thc, thng tin iu khin, cnh
bo phi c cp nht ngay trn mn hnh cho ngi qun l.
48
Giao din ngi dng phi thn thin, d s dng. Cc bng chn
chc nng phi khoa hc, thun tin.
H thng phi c tnh nng bo mt tt, chng c cc kiu tn
cng thng dng (SQL Injection, XSS-cross site scripting ).

3.4. CC BIU PHN TCH.

Hnh 3.10. S khung cnh ton b h thng gim st ,iu
khin t xa nh trm.

49

Hnh 3.11. Biu phn r chc nng h thng.
Sau y l cc ca s dng cho cc modul chnh ca h thng gim st v
iu khin nh trm.
3.4.1. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun l cu hnh.

Thit lp tham s v thi gian
Thit lp cc thng s iu
khin
Thit lp thng s cnh bo
Admind
Module qun l cu hnh
Hnh 3.12. Biu usecase chc nng qun l cu hnh.

50
M t:
STT M Tn Tc nhn M t
1. UC_QLCH_01 Thit lp thng
s cnh bo
Admin Chc nng ny cho php
thit lp cc thng s v
ngng cnh bo ca
nhit , m, in p
AC, dng in AC, in
p DC ca t c quy
2. UC_QLCH_02 Thit lp tham
s v thi gian
thit lp tham s v thi
gian nh tr tc ng, tr
cnh bo, tr khi ng
my lnh
3. UC_QLCH_03 Thit lp cc
thng s iu
khin
thit lp cc thng s iu
khin khc bao gm: tip
im cnh bo NC, NO,
ch hot ng cho cc
c cu chp hnh nh
ATS cho my n, ch
iu khin my lnh, qut
thng gi, ch cho
php cm m ca trm

51
3.4.2. Biu ca s dng cho Modul theo di gim st thit b.

Hnh 3.13. Biu usecase chc nng theo di gim st thit b.
M t:
STT M Tn Tc nhn M t
1. UC_TDGS_01 Theo di trng
thi kt ni
Manager Chc nng ny cho php
theo di trng thi kt ni
n Server, trng thi kt
ni gia nh trm v server.
2. UC_TDGS_02 Hin th thng
s trng thi
hin th thng tin trng thi
thit b.
3. UC_TDGS_03 Hin th thng
tin cnh bo
hin th trng thi cnh bo
ca nh trm.
4. UC_TDGS_04 Nhn d liu Nh trm
BTS
Chc nng ny nhn d liu
t nh trm BTS gi n
SERVER.

Manager
Nh
trm
BTS
Theo di trng thi kt ni
Hin th thng s trng thi
Hin th thng tin cnh bo
Nhn d liu
x l d liu
Qun l lung d liu
Gi d liu
Modul theo di gim st
52
5. UC_TDGS_05 X l d liu. Chc nng ny x l d
liu nhn c: phn tch
ni dung gi tin, xc nh
loi gi tin, yu cu lu
lng.
6. UC_TDGS_06 Qun l lung
d liu.
Chc nng ny xc nh d
liu gim st gi n
u.
7. UC_TDGS_07 Gi d liu. Chc nng ny gi d liu
n Web Client hin th
cho ngi dng.
3.4.3. Biu ca s dng cho Module iu khin thit b.

Hnh 3.14. Biu usecase chc nng iu khin thit b.

Manage
rreer
Qun l lung d liu
iu khin thit b
Nhn d liu
x l d liu
Gi d liu
Nh
trm
BTS
Modul iu khin thit b

Manager
reer
Qun l lung d liu
53
M t:
STT M Tn Tc nhn M t
1. UC_DKTB_01 iu khin
thit b
iu khin t xa thit b
ti nh trm BTS.
2. UC_DKTB_02 Nhn d
liu
Chc nng ny cho php
nhn d liu Web Client
khi ngi s dng iu
khin thit b trn mn
hnh v server.
3. UC_DKTB_03 X l d
liu
Chc nng ny x l d
liu nhn c: phn tch
ni dung gi tin, xc nh
loi gi tin, yu cu lu
lng.
4. UC_DKTB_04 Qun l
lung d
liu
Chc nng ny xc nh
d liu gim st gi
n u.
5. UC_TDGS_07 Gi d liu Chc nng ny gi d
liu n nh trm BTS
BMS iu khin cc thit
b trong trm.

54
3.4.4. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun l lu tr.

Hnh 3.15. Biu usecase chc nng qun l lu tr.
M t:
STT M Tn Tc nhn M t
1. UC_QLLT_01 Lu thng tin
cu hnh trm
Nh trm
BTS
Chc nng ny cho php
lu tr cc thng tin cu
hnh trm ti thi im
gn nht.
2. UC_QLLT_02 Lu tr s
kin
Nh trm
BTS
Chc nng ny cho php
lu tr s kin, cc s c
ca nh trm.
3. UC_QLLT_03 Lu tr hnh
nh
Nh trm
BTS
Chc nng ny cho php
lu tr hnh nh thu c
t Camera ca nh trm.
4. UC_QLLT_04 Lu tr cnh
bo
Nh trm
BTS
Chc nng ny cho php
lu li thng tin v cc s
c ti nh trm.

3.4.5. Biu ca s dng cho module thng k bo co.
Nh
trm
BTS
Lu tr thng tin
cu hnh trm
Lu tr hnh nh Lu tr cnh bo
Lu tr cc s kin
Modul qun l lu tr
55

Hnh 3.16. Biu usecase chc nng thng k bo co.
M t:
STT M Tn Tc nhn M t
1. UC_TKBC_01 Thng k
bo co
ngi qun l thng k
cc s kin ca nh trm
theo cc tiu chi khc
nhau.
theo trm
ngi qun l thng k
cc s kin ca nh trm
theo tn trm, a ch
trm, khu vc.
theo thi
gian
ngi qun l thng k
cc s kin ca nh trm
theo thi gian xy ra s
kin.
4. UC_TKBC_04 Thng k Manager Chc nng ny cho php

Manager
Thng k theo trm
Thng k bo co
Bo co tnh trng
Thng k theo thi gian
Thng k theo s kin
Thng k theo iu kin
Module thng k , bo co
56
theo s
kin
ngi qun l thng k
cc s kin ca nh trm
theo loi s kin.
theo iu
kin
ngi qun l thng k
cc s kin ca nh trm
theo mt s tiu ch m
ngi qun l a ra.
6. UC_TKBC_06 Bo co
tnh trng
ngi qun l lp bo co
v tnh trng thit b ca
nh trm.

3.4.6. Biu ca s dng cho modul qun tr h thng.

Hnh 3.17. Biu usecase chc nng qun tr h thng.
M t:

Admin
Phn quyn ngi dng
Qun l ngi dng
Qun l nh trm thit b
Hu b thit b
Thm ti khon mi
Kho ti khon
Thm trm mi
Hu b trm
Thm thit b mi
Qun tr h thng
57
STT M Tn Tc nhn M t
1. UC_QTHT_01 Phn quyn
ngi dng
Admin Chc nng ny cho php ngi
qun tr Admin phn quyn s
dng cho nhn vin trong trung
tm gim st.
2. UC_QTHT_02 Qun l
ngi dng
qun tr Admin qun l cc
thng tin v nhn vin trong
trung tm gim st.
3. UC_QTHT_03 Qun l nh
trm thit b
qun tr Admin qun l nh
trm v cc trang thit b nh
trm.
4. UC_QTHT_04 Thm ti
khon mi
qun tr Admin to thm ti
khon mi cho nhn vin mi.
5. UC_QTHT_05 Kho ti
khon
qun tr Admin kho mt ti
khon khng s dng na.
6. UC_QTHT_06 Thm trm
mi
qun tr Admin thm mt trm
mi vo h thng gim st.
7. UC_QTHT_07 Hu b
trm
qun tr Admin hu b mt
trm ra khi h thng gim st.
8. UC_QTHT_08 Thm thit
b mi
qun tr Admin thm mt thit
b mi vo h thng gim st.
9. UC_QTHT_09 Hu b thit
b
qun tr Admin hu b mt
thit b mi ra khi h thng
gim st.

58
3.5. C T MT S CA S DNG CHNH.
Do n ch tp trung vo x l nghip v gim st v iu khin nn
cc modul khc s khng c cp n.
3.5.1. ng nhp.

Hnh 3.18. Biu tun t qu trnh ng nhp h thng.
M t chi tit:
M use case
Tn use case
Tc nhn
UC_DN
ng nhp
Admin,Manager
M t Use case ny cho php ngi dng ng
nhp vo h thng gim st
iu kin u vo Khng
Kt qu u ra Ngi dng ng nhp thnh cng, trang
59
iu khin c tr v cho ngi dng
Lung s kin chnh STT Hnh ng
1. Admin,
Manager
Vo trang ng
nhp, nhp
username v
password ca
ngi dng
2. H thng Nhn d liu v
username v
password ca
ngi dng
3. H thng M ho hm bng
SHA-1cho
password
4. H thng Kim tra usernme
v password ca
ngi dng, nu
khng khp th tr
v cho ngi dng
trang tng ng,
nu sai th quay li
trang ng nhp
Lung s kin ph Cp nht thi gian truy cp cui cng ca
ngi dng vo c s d liu.
Uses Khng
Extends Khng
Tn sut s dng Thng xuyn

60

3.5.2. Theo di gim st thit b nh trm.

Hnh 3.19. Biu tun t theo di gim st thit b nh trm.
M t chi tit:

M use case
Tn use case
Tc nhn
UC_TDGS
Theo di gim st h thng
Nh trm BTS.
M t Use case ny thc hin chc nng
gim st, cnh bo cc thit b ti nh
trm.
iu kin u vo Ngi qun l ng nhp thnh cng
61
vo h thng nh trm v web client
phi kt ni thanh cng vi server.
Kt qu u ra Trng thi thit b thng tin cnh bo
c hin th trn mn hnh theo di
ca ngi qun l.
1. Nh
trm
BTS
Gi thng tin v thit
b n server
2. Nhn d liu t nh
trm BTS gi v
3. Phn tch ni dung ca
gi d liu
4. Xc nh a ch ca
ngi s dng
5. Gi d liu ti web
client
6. Hin th thng tin trng
thi,thng tin cnh bo
ln mn hnh
Lung s kin ph Nu thng tin l thng tin cnh bo,
Server s lu s kin cnh bo vo
CSDL
Uses Khng
Extends Khng

62
3.5.3. iu khin thit b.

Hnh 3.20. Biu tun t qu trnh iu khin thit b nh trm.
M t chi tit:
M use case
Tn use case
Tc nhn
UC_DKTB
iu khin thit b
Nh trm BTS, Manager.
M t Use case ny thc hin chc nng iu
khin t xa cc thit b ti nh trm
BTS.
63
iu kin u vo Ngi qun l ng nhp thnh cng
vo h thng, nh trm v web client
phi kt ni thnh cng ti server.
Kt qu u ra Trng thi thit b thay i theo s
iu khin ca Manager v trng thi
thit b trn mn hnh theo di ca
ngi qun l thay i theo thit b
nh trm.
1. Manager Ci t thng s
thit b trn mn
hnh.
2. Web
client
Gi d liu v thng
s ci t thit b v
Server.
3. Server Nhn gi d liu t
Web client.
4. Server Phn tch ni dung
ca gi d liu.
5. Server Xc nh a ch nh
trm BTS cn gi
n.
6. Server Gi d liu ti nh
trm.
7. Nh trm
BTS
Nhn thng tin iu
khin t Server, ci
t thng s iu
khin cho thit b.
64
8. Nh trm
BTS
Gi thng tin xc
nhn thit b c
iu khin ti server
9. Server Gi thng tin xc
nhn iu khin ti
Web client.
10. Web
client
Hin th thng tin
trng thi thit b sau
khi iu khin.
Lung s kin ph Lu li thng tin iu khin v CSDL
Uses Khng
Extends Khng

65
3.6. THIT K H THNG.
3.6.1. M hnh thit k h thng.

Hnh 3.21. M hnh thit k h thng.
M t:
H thng gim st nh trm bao gm mng my tnh ti Trung tm gim
st, kt ni vi h thng iu khin ti cc trm qua mi trng mng
(TCP/IP), cc thnh phn ca h thng bao gm:
H thng my ch (Server) c vai tr thu thp d liu, qun l v
iu khin hot ng ca ton b h thng. My ch giao tip vi
h thng iu khin ti trm qua cc tp lnh (Command control).
Tt c d liu ca h thng c lu tr tp trung ti Server. H
thng my ch c chia thnh cc phn sau:
o Appplication Server: X l cc nghip v ca my tnh.
o Web Server X l cc giao tip gia ngi dng v h
thng.
o Database Server: Lu tr d liu ca h thng.
My trm ti trung tm gim st, c cp quyn truy nhp vo
cc nh trm theo chc nng thng qua Server. Cc my trm kt
ni vi Server thng qua mng LAN /WAN hoc c th qua
66
mng internet. Ti my trm, chi cn ci t web browser chy
chng trnh qua Web Server.
Ti trm BTS, cc thit b c kt ni thnh mt mng theo tiu
chun cng nghip. B iu khin BMS ti trm c vai tr nh
mt my ch (Master) kt ni vi cc mul qun l thit b
(Client), lm nhim v thu thp s liu v chuyn v trung tm
gim st. S liu thu thp bao gm cc thng s v mi trng,
trng thi hot ng, tn hiu cnh bo ca ton trm. Mi b
iu khin (BMS) c ci t sn cc tp lnh iu khin thit
b, khi mun iu khin hay ci t thng s cho mt thit b no
y trong trm, server ch cn gi c php lnh n b iu
khin, b iu khin s ci t thng s cho thit b trong trm.
3.6.2. Kin trc h thng.
Kin trc ca h thng gim st iu khin t xa trm thu pht sng di
ng BTS c chia thnh 3 phn chnh sau:
3.6.2.1. Tng d liu(Data layer).
Tng d liu cha my ch CSDL (Database)- ng vai tr nh nn
tng ca h thng. Tng d liu lu tr cc thng tin y v cc nh trm,
trng thi ca nh trm, ngi s dng phc v nhu cu bo co, thng k.
H thng gim st nh trm BTS yu cu qun l mt lng d liu ln v
thng tin cu hnh v trng thi hot ng ca nh trm. Ngoi ra h thng cn
yu cu tnh chnh xc, bo mt v tnh sn sng cao ca d liu.
3.6.2.2. Tng ng dng(Application Layer).
Tng logic nghip v bao gm nhiu thnh phn, l b phn chnh ca
h thng. Tng ng dng ca h thng c chia lm 2 phn chnh:
a. Application Service.
67
Thnh phn tng tc vi CSDL(DAL-Data Access Layer): ng vai
tr trung gian gia gia thnh phn nghip v vi lp d liu. Nh DAL m
cc thnh phn nghip v khng ph thuc vo lp CSDL, lp nghip v ch
cn s dng cc kt qu tr v ca DAL.
Thnh phn gi nhn gi tin: Nhn v gi gi tin gia Server v nh
trm, gia Server v ngi qun l.
Thnh phn x l gi tin: X l gi tin nhn c t nh trm v t
ngi qun l gi n.
Thnh phn qun l lung d liu: xc nh gi tin s c chuyn tip
n trm no hoc ngi qun l no.
Thnh phn lu lng h thng: lu thng tin cnh bo, thng tin ci
t cu hnh, thng tin iu khin vo database.
b. Web Service.
Gm 3 thnh phn:
Thnh phn gi nhn gi tin: nhn v gi gi tin gia Server v ngi
qun l.
Thnh phn kim tra gi tin: xc nh xem gi tin l thng tin cnh bo
hay thng tin trng thi.
Thnh phn hin th thng tin: hin th thng tin ca nh trm ln mn
hnh ngi s dng.
3.6.2.3. Tng giao din(Presetation Layer ).
u cui, h thng giao tip vi ngi qun l thng qua cc trnh
duyt web thng dng nh: Internet Explorer, Fire fox, Safari Nh vo m
hnh tp trung v giao din u cui thng qua trnh duyt web nn vic trin
khai, m rng ng dng n gin v nhanh chng, d qun l v bo tr h
thng t tn thi gian nhn lc v chi ph.
68
3.6.3. Thit k c s d liu.
Cu trc CSDL ca h thng gim st nh trm BTS c t chc nh
sau:

3.6.3.1. S quan h thc th (Entity Relationship Diagram).

Hnh 3.22. S thc th h thng gim st nh trm BTS.
69
3.6.3.2. Thit k cc bng trong CSDL.
a. Bng USERS:
Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin chi tit ngi s dng
USERS
STT Tn trng Kiu d liu Null Data
Default
P
K
Ch thch
1. ID NUMBER(5,0)
No null X M h
thng
2. USERNAM
E
VARCHAR2(200 BYTE)
No null Tn ng
nhp
3. PASS VARCHAR2(255 BYTE)
No null Mt khu
ng nhp
4. BIRTHDAY DATE
Yes null Ngy sinh
5. SEX NUMBER(1,0)
No null Gii tnh
6. FULLNAM
E
VARCHAR2(255 BYTE)
No null H tn
7. ADDRESS VARCHAR2(500 BYTE)
Yes null a ch
8. TEL VARCHAR2(50 BYTE)
Yes null in thoi
9. MOBILE VARCHAR2(50 BYTE)
Yes null Di ng
10. FAX VARCHAR2(50 BYTE)
Yes null S fax
11. LASS
LOGIN
DATE
No null Ln truy
nhp cui
Hnh 3.23. c t bng d liu USERS.
b. Bng STATION:
Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin v nh trm: Tn trm, a ch trm
STATION
Default
PK Ch
thch
1. ID NUMBER(10,0) No null X M trm
70
2. NAME VARCHAR2(100 BYTE)
Yes null Tn trm
3. ADDRESS VARCHAR2(500 BYTE)
Yes null a ch
trm
4. IP VARCHAR2(15 BYTE) No null a ch
IP ca
trm

Hnh 3.24. c t bng d liu STATION.
c. Bng ROLE:
Bng ny phn quyn ngi s dng cho bit ngi dng no c quyn
qun l cc nh trm no.
ROLE
Default
PK Ch thch
1. STATION_ID NUMBER(10,0) No null M trm
2. USER_ID NUMBER(5,0) Yes null M
ngi s
dng

Hnh 3.25. c t bng d liu ROLE.
71
d. Bng DEVICE_TYPE.
Bng ny thit k cc loi thit b m h thng s phi gim st, iu
khin.
DEVICE TYPE
Default
PK Ch
thch
1. ID VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) No null X M loi
thit b
2. TYPE VARCHAR2(200 BYTE) No null Loi
thit b
Hnh 3.26. c t bng d liu DEVICE_TYPE
e. Bng DEVICES.
Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin v thit b: Tn thit b, s serial, trng
thi thit b, loi thit b.
DEVICES
Default
PK Ch
thch
1. ID NUMBER(12,0) No null X M thit
b
2. NAME VARCHAR2(100 BYTE) Yes null Tn
thit b
3. SERIAL VARCHAR2(200 BYTE) Yes Null S serial
4. STATUS VARCHAR2(200 BYTE) Yes null Trng
thi thit
b
5. REMARK VARCHAR2(255 BYTE) Yes null Ghi ch
6. TYPE VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) Yes Null M loi
thit b

Hnh 3.27. c t bng d liu DEVICES

72
f. Bng PARAMETER.
Bng ny cho bit mi loi thit b c cc thuc tnh, tham s v cc gi
tr mc nh ca n.
PARAMETER
ST
T
Tn trng Kiu d liu Nul
l
Dat
a
Def
ault
P
K
Ch
thch
1. DEVICE_TYPE
VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
No null X Loi
thit b
2. PARAMETER
VARCHAR2(1000 BYTE)
No null Thuc
tnhtham
s
3. VALUE VARCHAR2(20 BYTE) Yes null Gi tr

Hnh 3.28. c t bng d liu PARAMETER
g. Bng STATION_DEVICE.
Bng ny cho bit mi trm c thit b no.

STATION_DEVICE
Default
PK Ch
thch
1. STATION_ID NUMBER(10,0) No null M trm
2. DEVICE_ID NUMBER(12,0) No null M thit
b

Hnh 3.29. c t bng d liu STATION_DEVICE
73
h. Bng LOG_EVENT.
Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin xy ra ti trm.
LOG_EVENT
Default
PK Ch
thch
1. EVENT VARCHAR2(1000 BYTE) No null S
kin
2. TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(100 BYTE) No null Thi
im
xy
ra s
kin
3. DETAIL VARCHAR2(4000 BYTE) Yes null M
t chi
tit
Hnh 3.30. c t bng d liu LOG_EVENT
i. Bng ALARM.
Bng ny lu tr cc thng tin v ngng cnh bo ca h thng.
V d: nhit c ngng cnh bo l 10-40C. Khi h thng gim st
o c nhit trong nh trm c nhit thp hn 10C hoc cao hn 40C
th h thng s a cnh bo cho ngi qun l x l.

74

ALARM
Default
PK Ch
thch
1. TEMPERATURE_HIGH NUMBER(4,0)
No null Cn trn
nhit
2. TEMPERATURE_LOW NUMBER(4,0)
No null Cn di
nhit
3. HUMIDITY_HIGH NUMBER(4,0)
No null Cn trn
m
4. DA_HIGH NUMBER(4,0)
No null Cn trn
in p
5. DA_LOW NUMBER(4,0)
No null Cn di
in p
6. DT_HIGH NUMBER(4,0)
No null Cn trn
in th
7. DT_LOW NUMBER(4,0)
No null Cn di
in th
Hnh 3.3.1. c t bng d liu ALARM
3.7. XY DNG V CI T.
3.7.1. Mi trng v cng c pht trin.
3.7.1.1. Tng quan v ngn ng lp trnh JAVA.
JAVA c to ra trc nm 1990 bi nhm cc nh pht trin ca Sun
Microsystem c nhim v phi vit phn mm h thng nhng vo cc sn
phm in t ca khch hng. H khc phc hn ch ca C++ to ra
ngn ng lp trnh JAVA.
Do c pht trin t C++ nn JAVA rt ging C++. Nhng JAVA l
ngn ng hng i tng hon ton, cn C++ l ngn ng a hng.
75
JAVA l ngn ng lp trnh mng v n hi t cc yu t sau:
- JAVA l ngn ng hng i tng ( object oriented
programming). Cc ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng c cc
modul c th thay i v c xc nh trc m ngi lp trnh
c th gi ra thc hin nhng nhim v c th. Trong JAVA
cc modul ny gi l cc lp (class) v chng c lu tr trong
th vin lp to nn c s ca b cng c pht trin JAVA
(JAVA development kit). Trong Java tt c cc hm v cc bin
u phi l thnh phn ca lp.
- n gin (simple): mc d da trn c s ca C++ nhng Java
c b cc tnh nng kh nht ca C++ lm cho ngn ng ny
d dng hn. Do vy vic o to mt lp trnh vin Java ngn
hn v Java tr nn thn thin vi ngi s dng hn. Trong Java
khng c cc con tr, khng h tr ton t Overloading, khng c
tin x l. Tt c mi i tng trong mt chng trnh Java u
c to trn heap bng ton t new chng khng bao gi c
to trn stack. Java cng l ngn ng gom rc (garbage collected
language), v vy n khng cn m tng new vi delete- mt
ngun b nh chung tht thot trong cc chng ca C++ .
Trong thc t khng c ton t delete trong Java.
- a lung (multitherd): C ngha l Java cho php xy dng cc
trnh ng dng trong nhiu qu trnh c th xy ra ng thi.
Tnh a lung cho php cc nh lp trnh c th bin son cc
phn mm p ng tt hn, tng tc hn v thc hin theo thi
gian thc.
- Java c lp vi cu trc my: y l thuc tnh c sc nht ca
Java. Ngha l Java khng ph thuc vo h my, cc ng dng
bng Java c th dng c trn hu ht mi my tnh.
76
C th ni Java l ngn ng lp trnh cho Web:
- Hiu mng: Java c vit ra hot ng trn mng v c cc
th tc c th qun l cc giao thc TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP. Ni
cch khc Java c xy dng hon ton tng thch trn
Internet.
- Java cho php to ra cc trang Web ng, cc ng dng nhng.
- An ton: c tnh an ton ca ngn ng lp trnh ny bt ngun
t vic n c nhng phn hn ch c ci t sn nhm
phng cc chng trnh Java thc hin cc chc nng ghi vo
cng hoc cho php virut xm nhp vo t mng.
3.7.1.2. Lp trnh Socket.
Socket l mt phng php thit lp kt ni truyn thng gia mt
chng trnh yu cu dch v (client) v mt chng trnh cung cp dch v
(server) trn mng LAN, WAN hay Internet v i lc l gia nhng qu trnh
ngay bn trong my tnh. Mi Socket c th coi nh mt im cui trong mt
kt ni. Mt Socket trn my yu cu dch v c a ch mng c cp sn
gi mt Socket trn my cung cp dch v. Mt khi socket c thit lp
ph hp, hai my tnh c th trao i dch v v d liu.
Theo kin ca mt s k s phn mm th Socket trong th gii lp
trnh my tnh cng tng t nh in thoi ngha l mi thit b c mt a
ch ring c th truyn thng 2 chiu.
Lp trnh vin dng cc nhn client v server phn bit gia my
tnh ang thc hin cuc gi v pha ang nhn cuc gi. Nhng my tnh c
Socket m bo tnh trng m ca cng truyn thng, sn sng nhn bt k
cuc gi n no d khng nh trc. Nhng my yu cu dch v thng
xc nh s hiu cng ca server mong mun bng cch tm n trong c s d
liu v Domain Name System.
77
C mt t thay i s xy ra pha server khi kt ni c hon tt: thay
v dng cng nguyn thu cho vic trao i, my ch s chuyn cuc i thoi
qua mt cng khc lin quan gii phng ng truyn chnh phng
trng hp c my khch khc mun yu cu dch v i vi my ch.
Vi s pht trin ca Web, socket vn tip tc ng vai tr quan trng
trong vic duy tr cc lung truyn thng trn Internet. Cc ng dng c lin
quan n Internet u vit lp bn trn Socket, v d Socket tch hp mt s
phn ca a ch Website, trnh duyt Web v cng ngh bo mt Secure
Socket Layer.
Tuy nhin cc lp trnh vin Web hin nay gn nh lun lun b ngn
cn to socket ring bng cch th cng. Cc socket thc s khng cn thit
i vi vic pht trin cc ng dng Web. D bn dng Java, serlet hay CGI,
PHP c th bn s khng bao gi m c cng mt cch tng minh. Cc
socket vn tn ti kt ni vi ngi dng vi ng dng Web, nhng cc chi
tit ca socket c n trong nhng lp su hn mi ngi khng phi
ng chm n.
Cc lp trnh vin c th trnh c nhng kh khn ca vic to socket
nh th vin lp cc th h mi, chng hn Microsoft Foundation Class
Socket. Lp Java.net.Socket l lp c dng rng ri trong vic to ra cc
socket pha yu cu dch v c lp h thng trong khi Java.net.Serversocket
c th xy dng mt socket sn sng cho vic nhn cc yu cu t my yu
cu dch v. Vi nhng cng c ny cc nh pht trin c th nhanh chng to
ra cc socket m khng phi sa ly trong cc chi tit lp trnh.
Mt chng trnh Socket bng Java:
Chng trnh c m t nh sau:
Server:
o Lng nghe v chp nhn kt ni t mt cng.
o Cho php nhiu Client kt ni n cng mt lc.
78
o Khi client gi n mt chui th:
Nhn chui.
X l chui.
o Gi mt chui ti client.
Client:
o Kt ni ti server qua cng m server ang lng nghe.
o Mt client ch kt ni ti mt server.
o Gi 1 chui n server.
o Nhn 1 chui t server.
X l chui.
3.7.1.3. H qun tr c s d liu Oracle.
H qun tr c s d liu Oracle c kh nng qun l c nhng C s
d liu rt ln vi an ton cao. Nu t h iu hnh th kh c th can thip
c vo CSDL bi v Oracle lun xem ton b c s d liu l file (c kch
thc kh ln). Vic qun l bn trong c s d liu s do Oracle Server m
nhn. Oracle Server bao gm 2 thnh phn chnh Oracle istance v Oracle
database.
3.7.2. La chn ngn ng lp trnh v h qun tr c s d liu.
Qua cc vn tng qut v ngn ng lp trnh Java v h qun tr c
s d liu Oracle trn,h thng c xy dng trn ngn ng lp trnh Java v
h qun tr CSDL Oracle:
a. Ngn ng lp trnh trn Application Service.
Java l ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng, n gin, a lung nn
thch hp dng xy dng ng dng cho php qun l nhiu lung d liu
cng lc gi n nh h thng gim st v iu khin nh trm BTS.
Ngoi ra Java cn l ngn ng lp trnh c lp vi ngn ng my nn
c th bin dch v chy chng trnh Java trn bt c h iu hnh no.
79
b. Ngn ng lp trnh trn Web Service.
Vit trn ngn ng lp trnh JSP v Java Applet.
c. H qun tr c s d liu :Oracle Database 10g Release 2.
H qun tr CSDL Oracle 10g l h qun tr d liu ln dn u trn th
trng qun tr CSDL. Oracle 10g p ng mi nhu cu lu tr, bo mt thng
tin ca doanh nghip vi cc c im sau:
Tnh sn sng cao (Hight Availability): vi cc cng ngh mi
nht hin nay. Oracle 10g m bo tnh sn sng cao nht i vi
d liu c lu tr trong CSDL.
Tnh bo mt (Security): d liu lu tr trong CSDL Oracle c
m bo s chnh xc, bo mt cao nht, mc bo mt c th
thit lp trn tng bn ghi.
Tnh m (Scalability).
Vi c tnh trn h qun tr Oracle 10g phin bn Enterprise rt
ph hp vi yu cu qun tr d liu ca h thng gim st nh
trm BTS.
3.7.3. Kt qu chng trnh.
3.7.3.1. Cc thnh phn ca chng trnh.
ng dng gim st v iu khin t xa nh trm thu pht sng di ng
BTS gm c 3 phn:
a. Application Services :
Cng vic ca Application Services c nhim v n nhn cc kt ni
t BTS v Web Client, gi nhn cc gi tin t nh trm BTS, t Web Client v
x l cc gi tin .

80

Hnh 3.32. Application Services
b. Web Services.
Nhn d liu t Application Services, hin th thng tin trng thi thit
b ln mn hnh cho ngi iu hnh, gi cc thng tin iu khin thit b cho
Application Services.
c. BTS.
ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm BTS. ng dng ny
nhn thng tin iu khin t Application Services v gi thng tin trng thi
thit b cho Application Services.

Hnh 3.33. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm -La chn trm m
phng

81

Hnh 3.34. ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm -Thit lp IP v
cng kt ni ti my ch

Hnh 3.35..ng dng m phng thit b BMS ti nh trm M phng thit b
ti trm
82
3.7.3.2. Kt qu.
a. ng nhp h thng:

Hnh 3.36. Mn hnh ng nhp h thng
b. Theo di gim st thng tin thit b ti nh trm.
Sau khi ng nhp thnh cng, chng trnh s hin th danh sch cc
trm m ngi dng c php qun l, hin th trng thi kt ni n Server,
trng thi kt ni n nh trm BTS v hin th cc thit b trong trm

83

Hnh 3.37. Giao din chng trnh ngi dng sau khi ng nhp
Kt ni ti Server v BTS:
Ngi qun l nhp thng tin:
- Host: a ch my ch.
- Port: Cng my ch ang ch kt ni ti my ch.

Hnh 3.38. Hin th trng thi kt ni,trng thi thit b
84
Thng tin cnh bo.
V d: Nh trm BTS gi mt thng bo cnh bo c chy trong nh
trm.

Hnh 3.39. Nh trm BTS:gi cnh bo chy

Hnh 3.40. Mn hnh hin th cnh bo chy cho ngi qun l
85
c. iu khin thit b.
V d: tnh trng trm hin ti.

Hnh 3.41. Tnh trng trm hin ti
iu khin thit b nh sau:
- Ca:ON
- n :ON
- Qut thng gi:ON
- iu ho:
o Nhit :20C
o Fan:High
o Swing:Low
Ti trm BTS thng tin iu khin nhn c v tnh trng trm sau khi
iu khin c gi i.
86

Hnh 3.42. Nh trm nhn thng tin iu khin
Ni dung thng tin ti nh trm :
USER DIEU KHIEN: CUA RA VAO : ON
BTS SEND: 1:init:1:ON
USER DIEU KHIEN: QUAT THONG GIO : ON
USER DIEU KHIEN: DEN CHIEU SANG : ON
USER DIEU KHIEN: HOA : TEMP : 20
BTS SEND: 1:init:2:TEMP:20
USER DIEU KHIEN: DIEU HOA : FAN : High
BTS SEND: 1:init:2:FAN:High
USER DIEU KHIEN: DIEU HOA : SWING : Low
BTS SEND: 1:init:2:SWING:Low

87

Hnh 3.43. Trng thi cc thit b sau khi iu khin

88

3.8. NG CU THNG TIN BTS.
Quy trnh ng cu thng tin trm BTS.
Lu ng cu thng tin nh trm BTS.

Cc bc thc hin ng cu thng tin:
Bc 1: Tip nhn thng tin:
Nhn vin trc nhn thng tin v s c t BSC, h iu hnh v n v
trc NOC thng bo cho ngi qun l trc tip. T chc hp nhanh xc
nh v tr trm no xy ra s c, thi gian b gin on thng tin, xc nh s
c xy ra.
Bc 2: Phn loi s c:
T cc thng tin xc nhn s c nhn c v mt s nguyn nhn c
th nghi ng, tin hnh phn loi s c chun b cc phng tin, vt t,
thit b ng Cu Thng Tin ph hp v quy nh trch nhim x l ca cc
n v.
C th phn loi s c nh sau :
- S c do chy n, thin tai.
- S c mt lung.
- S c mt in.
- S c lin quan n thit b RBS:Tx khng pht
Tip nhn thng tin
Phn loi s c
Chun b
Bo co
Tin hnh x l s c
89
- S c hng hc thit b ph tr.
Bc 3: Chun b:
- Chun b lc lng.
- Chun b phng tin.
- Chun b dng c.
- Chun b vt t,thit b d phng.
Bc 4: Tin hnh x l s c:
A1. S c chy n, thin tai:
Khi nhn vin trc CTT nhn c thng bo ti mt trm no b
chy n hoc gp thin tai th bo ngay cho ng ch ch huy trc tip ng
thi n ngay trm kim tra, tm mi cch khc phc v bo li cho ch
huy c phng n gii quyt.
S c chy n do chp in: Trc ht phi rt ht ton b cu dao t
cc cu dao ti trm n cu dao tng pha ngoi ng dy in trnh
chy lan v nguy him tnh mng. Sau tin hnh dp la bng bnh cu ho
v cc vt dng khc.
S c st nh gy chy n, hng hc thit b: n tn ni kim tra
chnh xc nguyn nhn, nh gi tnh hnh, xem xt mc hng hc thay
th kp thi.
S c gi bo lm ct, t dy co, tut connector, t Feeder, ri
ng ten GSM, cho Viba, l lt Huy ng tp trung lc lng khc phc
trong thi gian nhanh chng c th. i vi cc trm gn bin, cc khu
vc d b ngp lt phi tin hnh tc trc v c th phi tin hnh di trm khi
c lnh.
A2. S c mt lung :
Mt trm BTS c u ni v BSC c th trc tip bng lung
quang hoc bn chuyn bng Viba. Mt lung c th do cc
nguyn nhn sau:
90
o t cp quang.
o Hng thit b quang.
o Hng Viba.
o t cp nhy ti trm.
o t cp nhy ti BSC.
o Hng DXU, DF.
o Lng dy u nhy ti phin DDF.
o Thi tit xu gy nn lung vi ba b chp chn
Cc vt t d phng m bo x l cc s c ny bao gm:
o Cc loi trng vi ba : 7 GHz,15 GHz.
o Cc loi RAU Viba : 15GHz-15/24, 15/28.7GHz-7/34,
7/38 v 7/44, 7/48.
o MMU v SMU cc loi, AMM.
o Vi ba TN.
o DXU, DF...
i vi trm quang:
o Vt t v dng c cn mang theo l: DF, DXU, dao bn
Krone, n Led, dy nhy, b dng c CTT.
o Kim tra s b ton b trm BTS nu khng c vn g
th quay sang kim tra bc tip theo.
o Dng n Led kim tra xem hai cp si thu v pht c
lm cho n Led sng hay khng? Nu hai si pht ca
truyn dn khng sng th truyn dn c vn (c th b
t cp h lung ), nu hai si thu ca truyn dn khng
sng th phn truyn dn t t RBS ra phin Krone c vn
(C th b t dy t ch u lung) vo DF hoc tip
xc gia cc mi ni cha chc).
91
o Kim tra phn truyn dn ca RBS bng cch Loop ngc
t phin Krone vo t RBS nu n PostA sng th kt
lun phn truyn dn ca RBS l m bo. Cn khng
thc hin u li dy DF v kim tra tng t kt
lun, nu vn khng c th thay dy ni t DF ra phin
Krone (trng hp ny t xy ra).
Kim tra phn truyn dn ca truyn dn bng cc
Loop lung c truyn dn cp cho trm sau
lin h BSC kim tra lung Ok hay khng?
Nu Ok (Working) ti BSC th chng ta bn lung
vo trm hot ng tr li. Cn khng t(OML)
ti BSC th gi cho truyn dn ngh truyn dn
loop mm truyn dn t thit b ti trm ca h
kim tra lung Ok hay khng? Nu khng Ok th
bo truyn dn n khc phc (c th b hng thit
b truyn dn). Nu Ok th do cp h lung ca
truyn dn c th b t ngm, khi chng ta li
h lung v bn vo DF.
i vi trm Viba:
Yu cu:
Nm c tuyn Viba ang s dng l viba loi g? NT hay Minilink E,
RAU loi g? SMU loi g? Tn s hot ng ca tuyn l bao nhiu
? (Cc thng tin ny i hi CTT phi ghi vo nht k trm) chun b
thit b cho ng chng loi. Ngoi ra cn mang y dng c v phng
tin lm mt tuyn Viba.
Trnh t x l:
92
- n ngay trm v kim tra tnh trng hot ng ca trm ging
nh trng hp trm quang. Kim tra xong nu thy thit b RBS
hot ng bnh thng th quay sang kim tra thit b Viba.
- Kim tra mc thu ca MMU nu thy mc t yu cu th dng
my tnh Scan tuyn Viba tm li. Nu Scan c tuyn
chng t tuyn Viba vn hot ng tt. Lc vic mt lung
ch l do h lung ti mt node no ca tuyn Viba. Ta xc
nh lung b h ti mt node no bng cch xem Alarm xy
ra ti node no? (Vic xc nh ny ch thc hin c vi iu
kin l khi tch hp phi khai bo Alarm).
- Trong trng hp khng khai bo Alarm khi tch hp tuyn Viba
th chng ta khng th nhn thy lung b h node no? Khi
chng ta thc hin bng cch Loop mm tng chng t u xa
ve n trm BTS xem lung b h node no? (Cch xc
nh ny cng ch thc hin c khi bn lung l phi thng
nht qua cc node. VD: trm dng lung 4 th qua cc node
cng phi bn vo lung 4).
- Nu khng khai bo Alarm, khng bn lung theo mt trnh t
nht nh th vic xc nh lung b h u l cc k kh khn.
Khi ch bng cch thc hin kim tra phn on qua cc node.
- V l tch hp v bn lung cho mt tuyn Viba, chng ta cn
phi khai bo Alarm v bn lung theo mt trnh t nht nh
thun tin cho cng tc CTT.
- Nu mc thu khng t yu cu (-98dB). Mc thu khng t c
th do nhiu nguyn nhn:
o Sai tn s thu pht.
o Hng MMU hoc hng RAU.
o Hai cho b lch hng.
93
o Hng Conector hoc Feeder
- x l cc s c ny cn thc hin cc bc:
o Kim tra tn s thu pht ng hay sai?
o Kim tra MMU, RAU v u Conector bng cch Loop t
RAU xung MMU kim tra mc thu, nu t th khng
nh l Viba hot ng tt. Nu khng t cn kim tra
ring bit tng b phn t Conector Feeder ri n RAU
sau o kim tra MMU. Nu cc thit b khng hng th
sang ngay u i din kim tra. Cc bc kim tra
din ra tng t nu thythit b khng hng chng t
tuyn Viba ny khng hot ng l do lch hng. Tin
hnh chnh Viba ngay (Ch :cng tc xc nh li thit b
ti mt trm ch c php din ra 15 pht).
o Nu thit b b hng th tin hnh thay ng thit b cng
chng loi ngay.
A3. S c lin quan n thit b BTS:
Cc nguyn nhn gy ra s c Tx khng hot ng l:
- Hng dTRU hoc CDU hoc CXU.
- Hng u Conector, Jumper hoc Feeder.
- Hng ng ten.
- Tx b Block.
Trc khi x l s c ny chng ta nn hi BSC trc, li Tx khng
pht l do nguyn nhn g? thng 4 nguyn nhn trn lm cho Tx khng hot
ng.
Nu tra li m thy VSWR vt qu gii hn l do hng u Conector,
Jumper, Feeder hoc ng ten. Li ny nht quyt phi n trm trc tip
x l:
94
Khi i nh mang theo dng c CTT, dng c lm u conector,
feeder, my o Bird, my tnh gim st li v ng ten nu khong cch t
trm n trung tm l xa. Dng my o Bird xc nh im li l do
Feeder, Jumper hay ng ten (ch : li ng ten thng t xy ra). Nu xc nh
c chnh xc th tin hnh sa ngay, nu cha chnh xc th nn o t di
ln trn v t trn xung di xc nh ng im li.
Ngoi li do nguyn nhn VSWR, cc nguyn nhn khc th trc khi
n trm x l ta nn ngh BSC reset mm Tx b li gim st xem n
c hot ng bnh thng tr li khng? Nu khng ta nn tin hnh n trm
v kim tra bit li v tin hnh thay th thit b.
S c Tx nu phi lm li Conector, Feeder, Jumper th c thc hin
trong vng 2h.
S c Tx nu phi thay thit b th c thc hin trong vng 1h30.
S c Tx nu phi thay ngten th c thc hin trong vng 2h30.
Cc bc thc hin c th i vi li xy ra trong phn v tuyn nh
sau:
Trng hp 1 Tx khng pht:
Quan st bng mt xem thit b pht sng c bo Fault hay khng?
Nu n Fault khng bo th thc hin cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Kim tra u Connector, Jumper, Feeder nu khng tt tin
hnh lm li Connector, Jumper, Feeder. Nu tt sang bc 2.
Bc 2:Kim tra u Connector di y ng ten xem c b nc vo
hay khng?
Nu n Fault bo :
Bc1: Kim tra xem c u sai Tx, Rx hay khng? Kim tra xem dy
Tx, Rx c b hng hay khng? Nu tt sang bc 2.
Bc 2: Tin hnh thay th card dTRU, sau khi thay card dTRU mi
vo vn khng khc phc c thc hin bc 3.
95
Bc 3:Tin hnh thay th ng ten.
Trng hp 1 Cell khng pht sng:
Nu Cell c cu hnh 1(1 Tx trn 1 Cell) tin hnh thc hin nhu trng
hp 1 Tx khng pht.
Nu Cell c cu hnh ln hn 1 thc hin cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Dng my Bird kim tra h s sng ng c vt qu ngng
cho php khng (>30dBm) nu khng vt ngng cho php thc hin bc
2.
Bc 2:Thay card dTRU nu khng khc phc c th chuyn sang
bc 3.
Bc 3:Thay card CDU nu vn khng c tin hnh kim tra v thay
th ng ten.
Trng hp c 3 Cell u khng pht:
Thc hin cc bc khc phc s c sau:
Bc 1: Kim tra n Fault trn card CXU v DXU xem c trng thi
hay khng? nu tt chuyn sang bc 2.
Bc 2: Nu n Oper trn CXU nhp nhy th kim tra li xem 2 dy
trn card u cha? nu u chuyn sang bc 3.
Bc 3: Kim tra dy u t Backplane ca dTRU n Backplane ca
DXU nu trng thi tt chuyn sang bc 4.
Bc 4: Tin hnh thay th card CXU, nu khng c chuyn sang
bc 5.
Bc 5: Tin hnh thay th Backplane ca dTRU nu vn khng khc
phc c tin hnh thay th Backplane ca DXU.
Trng hp mt thu phn tp trn 1 Cell:
Tin hnh thc hin cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Kim tra xem dy Rx u chc chn hay cha? nu chc
chuyn sang bc 2.
96
Bc 2: Dng my o Bird kim tra xc nh li, nu khng c li thc
hin bc 3.
Bc 3: Tin hnh thay th dTRU nu vn khng khc phc c s
thay c CDU.
Trng hp mt thu phn tp trn c 2 Cell:
Tin hnh thc hin cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Kim tra u ni cc dy Rx, nu u ng v chc chn
chuyn sang bc 2.
Bc 2:Kim tra u ni Feeder xem u ng cu hnh hay cha?
nu vn khng c tin hnh load li bng phn mm OMT.
A4. S c mt in:
Mt in c th xy ra trm Hub, c th xy ra trm n l, c th
xy ra trong lng thnh ph c th xy ra vng su vng xa. D mt in
xy ra u i na th vic chy my n l iu cn thit v bt buc trm
BTS khng ngng hot ng.
Khi xy ra mt in trc CTT cn bo ngay cho ch huy trc tip,
ch huy iu ng ngi chy my n, ng thi gi in hi s in lc
kim tra thi gian mt in l bao nhiu lu c phng n.
Ngoi gi hnh chnh nu mt in trn din rng, nm ngoi kh nng
x l ca ngi trc ng cu thng tin(CTT) th phi bo ngay cho ph
trch trc tip c phng n gii quyt.
i vi trm Hub:
Yu cu sau 1h ng h k t khi mt in l phi chy my n ngay
cho trm. iu ny nhiu lc c th kh thc hin bi iu kin giao thng
khng thun li, phng tin i li khng m bo. gii quyt vn ny
chng ta nn xc nh cc trm Hub quan trng v nm xa trung tm t
my n c nh, thu cng tc vin. Trong trng hp khng thu c cng
97
tc vin chng ta cng nn t my n c nh, nhiu lc khng c t,
hoc ng tc chng ta c th i xe my vn hnh my n.
i vi trm n l:
S c mt in lc xy ra ti cc trm kt cui khng qu 5 trm th sau
2h tin hnh chy my n.
S c mt in lc xy ra ti cc trm kt cui qu 5 trm th phi tin
hnh chy my n ngay ly my lun chuyn t trm ny sang trm khc.
i vi cc trm trong lng thnh ph, ni tp trung dn c ng
chng ta cn c cc my n cch m thc hin vic chy my n d dng.
A5. S c do hng cc thit b ph tr, thit b ngoi vi:
Kim tra nguyn nhn v tnh trng hng hc. nh gi mc hng
hc cc thit b, thay th, em cc thit b hng i bo hnh,sa cha.
Ch : Tt c cc s c trn nu gp phi m khng x l c hoc
cn nghi ng mt iu g yu cu ngay cho ngi c kinh nghim hoc i
tc cung cp thit b phi hp x l.
Bc 5: Bo co.
Sau khi tin hnh x l xong cc s c, bo co kt qu cho ch huy,
NOC, BSC, h iu hnh.

98

Kt lun
n tp trung vo iu khin thit b ph tr ti nh trm thu pht
sng di ng BTS, ra gii php, yu cu ca h thng gim st v iu
khin t xa cc thit b trong nh trm. V c bn n t c nhng
mc tiu ra.Tuy nhin nu c thm c hi, em mong mun c th tip tc
pht trin v hon thin nghin cu ny. Sau y l kt qu lm c v
nh hng pht trin h thng trong giai on sau.
Kt qu c bn t c.
V mt l thuyt :
o Tm hiu c m hnh trang thit b ti nh trm thu pht
sng di ng.
o ra c gii php xy dng h thng gim st v iu
khin t xa cc thit b trong nh trm thu pht sng di ng.
V mt ng dng:
o Kho st phn tch yu cu ca h thng gim st v iu
khin t xa trm thu pht sng di ng BTS y .
o Tm hiu c cc chc nng c bn v gim st, iu khin
thit b t xa qua giao thc TCP/IP.
o ng dng chng trnh. Chng trnh gm:
Mt chng trnh vit bng phn mm Java, gi nhn
thng tin gia Web Client v nh trm BTS. Chng
trnh c kh nng kt ni c vi nhiu Web Client v
nhiu nh trm BTS, qun l c lung d liu gi
nhn gia Web Client v BTS.
Mt ng dng Web.

99

Ti liu tham kho.
Website:
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/components/
http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/
http://www.rs485.com/rs485spec.html
http://www.oceancontrols.com.au/plc/plc_products.htmac

Sch:
1.Gii php ti u mng di ng GSM, ng Minh Tm, i Hc
Cng Nghip TP.HCM, 2011.
2.Gio trnh thng tin di ng, Phm Cng Hng, Nh xut bn khoa
hc v k thut, 2007.
3.L thuyt v k thut an ten, GS Phan Anh, Nh xut bn khoa hc
v k thut,2010.
4.Thng tin di ng,Trn Hng Qun, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k
thut,2001.
5.Thng tin di ng GSM, PTS Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Nh xut
bn Bu in,1999.
6.Tnh ton mng thng tin di ng s Cellular, V c Th, Nh
xut bn gio dc, 2004
7.Ti liu v t RBS 2206, ti iu lu hnh ni b ca Tp on Bu
Chnh Vin Thng Qun i Viettel.

Mobile Information TBU

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mobile Information TBU

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mc Lc

You might also like