Manual Abb Rel301-Rel302 v1.23

REL301/302 Firmware Version 1.
23 (08/19/03)
Addendum to Instruction book V1.20, 40-386.1F
Revisions
These revisions are to be added (inserted) to the REL301/302 Version 1.20 Instruction Book Revision
History as page xvi
Version 1.23 (08/19/03)
1. A change has been done to accommodate a newer generation of communication port switch device. This does
not affect customer applications.
2. With this firmware revision the applicable RCP version is V2.07.
Version 1.22 (07/20/01)
1 In situations of fault types as zone-1 as well as instantaneous overcurrent, only one LED lights. Now
with modified logic, LEDs corresponding to all the pickups will light. LCD display, records etc. will not
be affected.
2. Instantaneous over-current tripping was not working according to the setting. This was because of an
error in the associated timer and has been rectified.
Version 1.21 (11/24/99)
Corrected an error in the Blocking system. The Pilot will not trip with RX=0 if the system was first set to
POTT/PUTT/3ZNP and RX1 or RX2 present and then if the system was changed to Blocking.
General corrections in the Instruction Book V1.20 , 40-386.1F:
Page 5:
Item 1.5.1:
The configuration software RCP for REL301/302 is available at our web site
www.abb.com/substationautomation
select Transmission products, select REL301/302 and then configuration software.
The waveforms generated by REL301/302 can be viewed by OSCAR or RELTools (RELWave), both of
which are available for download along with the above.
Page 8:
Some time earlier, an auto reclose catalog version with 120V phase to neutral synch input was added.
The sixth digit of the catalog will be with the letter P for this model.
(Existing variations are
N for no reclosing,
R for autoreclose without synch check,
S for reclosing +synchrocheck , 70V phase to neutral
T for reclosing +synchrocheck , 120V phase to phase)
Page 97:
Changes in autoreclose firmware, V1.27 has necessitated some changes in the overall scheme drawing.
Please refer to note 4 to 6 of the drawing.
ABB Automation, Inc.
Substation Automation & Protection Division
Coral Springs, FL
Allentown, PA
Instruction Leaflet
Effective: July, 1998
Supersedes IL 40-386.1E
dated January, 1998
REL 301/302 Version 1.20
Numerical Distance Relay
40-386.1F
ABB Network Partner

REL 301/302 Protection
(V 1.20)

REL301/302 REVISION NOTICE
DATE REV LEVEL PAGES REMOVED PAGES INSERTED

5/95 B V1.11
3/96 C V1.12 3-3, 3-9 3-3, 3-9 (Replaced)
12/97 D V1.12 Section 1- 6, 7, 8, 9 Section 1- 6, 7, 8, 9
Section 2 - 15, 24, 29, 30, Section 2 - 15, 24, 29, 30,
40, 45, 47, 48, 49, 53 40, 45, 47, 48, 49, 53
Section 3 - 56, 57, 58, 59, Section 3 - 56, 57, 58, 59,
64, 65, 68, 71 64, 65, 68, 71
Section 4 - 85, 87, 91, 92, Section 4 - 85, 87, 91, 92,
93, 95, 105, 106 93, 95, 105, 106
Section 5 - 111, 115, 116, Section 5 - 111, 115, 116,
118 118
1/98 E V1.20 Introduction - xv
Section 2 - 22, 25, 33, Section 2 - 22, 25, 33,
37-54 37-54
Section 4 - 91, 92, 94, Section 4 - 91, 92, 94,
105 105
7/98 F V1.20 Section 2 - 21, 25, 33, 35 Section 2 - 21, 25, 33, 35
Section 4 - 89, 90, 106 Section 4 - 89, 90, 106
CHANGE SUMMARY:
A CHANGE BAR ( ) LOCATED IN THE MARGIN
INDICATES A CHANGE TO THE TECHNICAL CONTENT

iv

I.L. 40-386.1

It is recommended that the user of REL301/302 equipment become acquainted with the information in this in-
struction leaflet before energizing the system. Failure to do so may result in injury to personnel or damage to
the equipment, and may affect the equipment warranty. If the REL301/302 relay system is mounted in a cabinet,
the cabinet must be bolted to the floor, or otherwise secured before REL301/302 installation, to prevent the sys-
tem from tipping over.
All integrated circuits used on the modules are sensitive to and can be damaged by the discharge of static elec-
tricity. Electrostatic discharge precautions should be observed when handling modules or individual
components.
ABB does not assume liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein.
ABB reserves the right to make changes to any products herein to improve reliability, function or design. Spec-
ifications and information herein are subject to change without notice. All possible contingencies which may
arise during installation, operation, or maintenance, and all details and variations of this equipment do not pur-
port to be covered by these instructions. If further information is desired by purchaser regarding a particular in-
stallation, operation or maintenance of equipment, the local ABB representative should be contacted.
Copyright ASEA BROWN BOVERI, ABB Power T&D Company Inc. 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998

This document contains information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation
without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws

.

ABB does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.

Trademarks

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks are listed below. In addition,
terms suspected of being trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. ABB Power T&D Com-
pany Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as
affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

IBM

and

PC

are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation

WRELCOM

is the registered trademark of the ABB Power T&D Company Inc.

INCOM

is the registered trademark of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation
!
CAUTION

v

I.L. 40-386.1

PREFACE

Scope

This manual describes the functions and features of the REL301(Non-pilot Relay System) and REL302 (Pilot
Relay System). It is intended primarily for use by engineers and technicians involved in the installation, testing,
operation and maintenance of the REL301/302 system.

Equipment Identification

The REL301/302 equipment is identified by the Catalog Number on the REL301/302 chassis nameplate. The
Catalog Number can be decoded by using Catalog Number Table in Section 1.6.6. Both REL301 and REL302
can be either vertically or horizontally mounted.

Production Changes

When engineering and production changes are made to the REL301/302 equipment, a revision notation
(SUB #) is reflected on the appropriate schematic diagram, and associated parts information.

Equipment Repair

Repair work is done most satisfactorily at the factory. When returning equipment, contact your field sales rep-
resentative for RMR authorization. All equipment should be returned in the original packing containers if possi-
ble. Any damage due to improperly packed items will be charged to the customer.

Document Overview

Section 1 provides the Product Description. Section 2 presents the Functional Specification. Section 3 presents
the Setting Calculations. Installation and Operation are described in Section 4. Finally, Section 5 covers Accep-
tance Test, Maintenance Test and Calibration procedures.

Contents of Relay System

The REL301/302 Relay System includes the style numbers, listed below, for each module.

Module Style Number

FT-10 Surge Protection- - - - - - - - -1502B35
Backplane Surge Protection - - - - - -1612C53
Option (Reclosing/synch-check) - - - -1613C77
Filter (Input Module) - - - - - - - - - -1612C34
Microprocessor - - - - - - - - - - - -1613C55
Display (Optional) - - - - - - - - - - -1613C69
Power Supply/Relay Outputs - - - - - -1612C68
VT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1612C80
CT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1612C79

vi

INSTRUCTION MANUAL REL 301/302

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S

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P

AGE

SECTION 1: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

1. 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. 2. REL301/302 FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2.1 Standard Features for REL301 (Non-Pilot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2.2 Standard Features for REL302 (Pilot) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.3 Optional Features for the Non-Pilot REL301 and Pilot REL302 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1. 3. REL301/302 CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.3.1 REL301/302 Outer Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3.2 REL301/302 Inner Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1. 4. UNIQUE FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.4.1 Fault Detection Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4.2 Fault Mode and Restricted Fault Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4.3 Unique Characteristics of REL301/302 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4.4 Self-checking Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1. 5. UNIQUE REMOTE COMMUNICATION PROGRAM (RCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.5.1 ABB Bulletin Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1. 6. SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.6.1 Technical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6.2 External Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6.3 Contact Rating Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6.4 Chassis Dimensions And Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.6.5 Environmental and Type Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.6.6 REL301/302 Catalog Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

SECTION 2: FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2. 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2. 2 LINE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.2.1 Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.2 Three-Phase Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.3 Phase-to-Phase Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2. 3 MEASUREMENT ZONES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3.1 Zone-1 Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

vii

I.L. 40-386.1

2.3.2 Zone-2 Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3.3 Zone-3 Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.4 Zone-1 Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2. 4 NON-PILOT OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.1 3-Zone Distance Phase and Ground Relay with
Reversible Zone-3 Phase and Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.2 Inverse Time Overcurrent Ground Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.3 Loss of Potential Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.4 Loss of Current Supervision (LOI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.5 Fault Detector Overcurrent Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.6 Highset Overcurrent Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.7 Close-Into-Fault Trip (CIFT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.8 Unequal-Pole-Closing-Load Pickup Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.9 Loss-of-Load Accelerated Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.10 Current or Voltage Change Fault Detector (

D

I,

D

V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4.11 Phase Directional Polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4.12 Ground Directional Polarization Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.4.13 Instantaneous Forward Directional Overcurrent (FDOG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4.14 Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground (RDOG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4.15 Programmable Reclose Initiation and Reclose Block Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4.16 Output Contact Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4.17 Out-of-Step Block Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4.18 Fault and Oscillographic Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4.18.1 Fault Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4.18.2 Oscillographic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2. 5 REL302 PILOT SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2.5.1 Pilot System Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.5.1.1 Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip/Simplified Unblocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.5.1.2 Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.5.1.3 Directional Comparison Blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.5.2 Pilot Ground Overcurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.5.3 High Resistance Ground Fault Supplement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5.4 Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5.4.1 Supplement to Carrier Ground Start, Blocking Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5.4.2 Pilot Ground Start, POTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5.5 3-terminal Line Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5.6 Weakfeed Trip Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.5.6.1 Weakfeed System Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.5.7 Reclose Block on Breaker Failure Squelch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

S

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P

AGE

viii

2. 6 PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

SECTION 3: SETTINGS CALCULATIONS

3.1. MEASUREMENT UNITS AND SETTING RANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.2. CALCULATION OF REL301/302 SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3.2.1 Ratio of Zero and Positive Sequence Impedances (ZR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.2.2 Zone-1 Distance Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.2.5 Overcurrent Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.2.6 Out-of-Step Block (OS Block) Blinder Settings (OS Inner and OS Outer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.2.7 Timer Settings (Definite Time Setting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.2.8 Timer Settings (Torque Control Overcurrent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

3.3. REQUIRED SETTINGS APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

3.3.1 Oscillographic Data (OSC Data) Capture Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3.2 Fault Data (Flt. Data) Capture Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3.3 Current Transformer Ratio Setting (CT Ratio) 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3.4 Voltage Transformer Ratio Setting (VT Ratio) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3.5 Frequency Setting (Freq.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.3.6 Current Transformer Type Setting (CT Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.7 Read Primary Setting (Read Out) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.8 Ohms Per Unit Distance (X / Dist) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.9 Distance Type (DistUnit) Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.10 Reclosing Mode (RI Type) Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.11 Reclose Initiation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.12 Remote Breaker Failure, Reclose Block (RemBF RB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.13 Remote Pilot Control (Pilot) Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.3.14 System Type Selection (SystType) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.3.15 For The Pilot REL302 Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.3.16 Distance/Overcurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.3.17 Step Distance Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.3.18 Zone-3 Direction Setting (Zone-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.19 Positive Sequence Impedance Line Angle (Ang Pos.)* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.20 Zero Sequence Impedance Angle (Ang Zero)* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.21 Zero Sequence/Positive Sequence Ratio (ZOL/Z1L)* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.22 Low Voltage Settings (Low V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.23 Polarizing Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.24 Overcurrent Ground Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.25 Close-Into-Fault Trip Setting (CIF Trip) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

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3.3.26 Load Loss Trip Setting (LL Trip) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.3.27 Loss of Potential Block Setting (LOP Blk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.3.28 Loss of Current Block Setting (LOI Blk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.3.29 Trip Alarm Setting (Trip Alm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.3.30 Remote Setting (Rem. Set) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.3.31 Real-Time Clock Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

3.4. RECLOSE INITIATION MODE PROGRAMMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

3.4.1 For Non-pilot and Pilot Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

SECTION 4: INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

4. 1. SEPARATING THE INNER AND OUTER-CHASSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4. 2. TEST PLUGS AND FT SWITCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4. 3. EXTERNAL WIRING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4. 4. FRONT PANEL MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE (MMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

4.4.1 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.4.1.1 LEDs and Display Reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.4.2 Display Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.4.2.1 Front Panel Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

4. 5. JUMPER CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4. 6. COMMUNICATION PORT(S) USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

4.6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.6.2 Communication Port Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.6.3 Personal Computer Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.6.4 Connecting Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.6.5 Relay Password and Setting Change Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4. 7. FRONT RS-232C COMMUNICATIONS PORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4.7.1 Communications Port Set Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.7.2 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.7.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

4. 8. SIXTEEN FAULT TARGET DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4. 9. OSCILLOGRAPHIC DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4. 10. PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS (Optional Feature) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

4.10.1 Programmable Contact Outputs Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.10.1.1 Breaker Failure Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

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SECTION 5: REL301/302 ACCEPTANCE TEST AND
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

5. 1. NON-PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR REL301/302 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

5.1.1 Front Panel Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5.1.2 Input quantities Verification and Metering Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
5.1.3 Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5.1.4 Zone-1 Impedance Accuracy Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
5.1.5 Input Opto-Coupler Check (Also see Step 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
5.1.6 Input Transformer (Ip) Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
5.1.7 Output Contact and Input Circuit Verification Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

5. 2. PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS (FOR REL302 ONLY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

5.2.1 Non-Pilot Acceptance Tests for REL301/302 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5.2.2 Input Opto-Coupler Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

5. 3. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

5.3.1 Periodic Maintenance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
5.3.1.1 Using Remote or Local Data Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
5.3.1.2 Using Man-Machine Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
5.3.1.3 Routine Visual Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
5.3.1.4 Perform the Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

5. 4. CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

5.4.1 Pre-Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5.4.2 A/D Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5.4.3 Real-Time Clock Calibration on Microprocessor Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

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LIST OF FIGURES

Section Number Page Number
Section 1

REL 301/302 Layout. (Vertical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
REL 301/302 Layout. (Horizontal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
REL 301/302 Outer Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
REL 301 Inner Chassis (Same as REL302) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
REL 301/302 Relay Program Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Section 2

REL301/302 Characteristics/R-X Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Mho Characteristic for Phase-to-Ground Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Mho Characteristics for Three-Phase Faults (No Load Flow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Mho Characteristics for Phase-to-Phase and Two Phase-to-Ground Faults (No Load Flow) . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Logic Drawing Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Zone-1 Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Zone-2 Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Zone-3 Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Zone-1 Extension Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Inverse Time Overcurrent Ground Backup Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Loss-of-Potential Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Loss-of-Potential Logic (System Diagram) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Loss of Current Monitoring Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Overcurrent Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Instantaneous Overcurrent Highset Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
REL301/302 Close-Into-Fault Trip (CIFT) Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Special Application for CIF Logic with Time Delay Pickup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Unequal-Pole-Closing/Load Pickup Trip Logic & Reverse Block (TBM) Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Load Loss Accelerated Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Reclosing Initiation Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Out-of-Step Block Logic (Blinder Characteristics) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Out-of-Step Block Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
REL302 POTT/Unblocking, PUTT and Blocking Pilot Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
REL302 POTT/Unblocking and PUTT Pilot Trip Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
REL302 Channel Sending/Receiving Logic in POTT/Unblocking Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
REL302 Channel Sending /Receiving Logic in PUTT Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
REL302 Blocking System Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Power Reversal on POTT/Unblocking Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Unequal Pole Closing on Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
REL302 Pilot Ground Trip Supplemented by FDOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
REL302 Additional Logic for POTT/Unblocking Schemes on 3-Terminal Line Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

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REL302 Additional Logic for PUTT Scheme on 3-Terminal Line Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
REL302 Weakfeed Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
REL302 Reversible Zone-3 Phase and Ground (Reverse Block Logic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Section 3

% Overreach Resulting from dc Offset Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
CO-2 Curve Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
CO-11 Curve Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Overcurrent Reset Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Section 4

REL 301/302 Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
REL 301/302 Systems External Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
REL 301/302 Systems External Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
REL 301/302 Breaker Failure DC Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Section 5

Filter (Input) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Power Supply/Output Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Microprocessor Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Test Connections For:
Test Connection for A - Ground Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Test Connection for B-Ground Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Test Connection for C-Ground Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Test Connection for A-Ground Test (Dual Polarizing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

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TABLES

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Section 2

PHASE AND GROUND SETTINGS (5 tables) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Section 3

TRIP TIME CONSTANTS FOR CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
RECLOSING INITIATION MODE PROGRAMMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
CURRENT TRANSFORMER SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Section 4

SETTING DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
METERING DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
TARGET (FAULT DATA) DISPLAY (2 PAGES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
COMMUNICATIONS CABLE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
DIP SWITCH SETTING CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
RS-PONI (9-PIN) COMMUNICATIONS SPEED SETTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Section 5

FILTER MODULE JUMPER SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
POWER SUPPLY MODULE JUMPER SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
MICROPROCESSOR MODULE JUMPER SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
REL 301 SETTINGS (NON-PILOT SYSTEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
REL 302 SETTINGS (PILOT SYSTEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
REL 301/302 REFERENCE DRAWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

xiv


REL301 and 302 Version 1.12

FEATURES ADDED AND IMPROVEMENTS MADE TO VERSION 1.11

1. REL301 and 302

1.1 Changed 3Vo sensitivity from 3 volts to 1 volt for the directional units in order to increase
the sensitivity for zone-2 and zone-3.
1.2 Changed the loss of current blocking (

LOI Blk

) timer from 0.5/0.5 to 10/0.5 seconds in
order to prevent blocking of zone-2 ground distance, zone-3 ground distance for settings
of

T2G

and/or

T3G

are greater than 0.5 seconds and ground backup tripping longer
than 0.5 seconds.
1.3 Improved the loss of potential blocking logic by removing the lead between LOP Timer (8/
0) output and AND1G.
1.4 Corrected the angle display for the 1-amp ct application. Now, the angle display is ex-
tendedfrom 50% to 10% of the ct rating.
1.5 Extended the front communication access time from 2 to 15 minutes after depressing the
front pushbutton.
1.6 Redefined the programmable contact output signals LLT & TBM to IM & IOM, respective-
ly.
1.7 Corrected a software error for the operation of the programmable output contact OC-3.
1.8 Corrected the LV setting for the use of the programmable output contacts. The output
contacts of LV should be picked up if any one of the voltages fall below the LV setting. In
version 1.11, the normally open contacts closed if any one of the voltages exceeded the
LV setting.
1.9 Improved the accuracy of the programmable contact outputs (PCO) pickup and dropout
timers.
1.10 Improved the accuracy of 3-phase distance tripping by removing KI0 compensation which
was incorrectly applied to this calculation.
1.11 Corrected LED and Man-Machine Interface targeting mismatch. LED could indicate incor-
rect fault type for certain trip operations.

2. REL302

2.1 Changed the RDOG timer from 16/0 to 33/0 ms. For a 3-phase fault at 0% location, the
RDOGmay pick up momentarily and may start the TBM (carrier keying); therefore, it may
delay the pilot trip action.

NOTE: For the pilot application, the setting of FDGT should be greater than 3 cycles.

2.2 Removed reclose initiate output from weakfeed trip logic.

xv

I.L. 40-386.1

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO VERSION 1.20 (FROM V1.12)

1. For the setting of Dir Type=Dual Polariz, use current polarizing (3I

0

& I

P

) for the forward directional calcu-
lation (FDOG) when the current I

P

is greater than 1.0 amp. Use voltage polarizing (3V

0

& 3I

0

) as backup
for the forward direction calculation when the input current I

P

is less than 1.0 amp.
2. For the settings of LOP Blk=Yes and Dir Type=Dual Polariz, maintain the directionality of Inst. G and
ground backup GB Dir. (if GB Dir.=Yes) for I

P

greater than 1.0 amp. Use current polarization of Inst. G and
GB Dir during loss of potential condition.
3. Change loss of potential (LOP) logic by adding 0/16 timer between AND223 and OR221. For time delay
trip units (zone-2, zone-3, etc.) in V1.12, the LOP logic may block the trip on a 3-phase fault if all fault volt-
ages (Va, Vb and Vc) are less than 7 volts.
4. Add an inverted input form LOP (0/500 timer) to supervise the AND220. This provides blocking of the dis-
tance units for 500 ms after the LOP Block condition is removed.
5. Compensate the time/angle shift due to a long time delay setting (T2 or T3). Accumulated angle measure-
ment error may cause the forward directional to reset during a sustained fault.
6. Added a transient block timer of 2 cycles in instantaneous ground trip logic to prevent a trip for a forward
direction fault occurring immediately after a reverse direction fault.
7. Change the software routine for trip seal-in (TRSL). Any time a high speed trip (HST) occurs, set TRSL.
For some cases in V1.12, HST tripped the relay then dropped out before the TRSL set; therefore, the tar-
gets were not recorded.
8. For blocking systems only, REL 302 only: Improved channel receive logic security by adding a dropout de-
lay of 8 ms for both reciever 1 input (RX1) and reciever 2 input (RX2) which is asserted after RX1 or RX2
has been received longer than 3 cycles. This logic change overcomes the problem momentary loss of sig-
nal due to the external fault clearing noise.
9. Generate a new signal for programmable contact output logic, 3V0T=(Va+Vb+Vc) which equals logic 1 if
3V0T is greater than 105 Vrms.
10. Replace 21Bl and FDOG, with 3V0T and 52a respectively, in the Programmable Contact Output logic table.
11. Change the incremental steps of programmable contact output timers from 10 milliseconds to 1 cycle and
change the settable range from 0-5 seconds to 0-2000 cycles.

40-386.1
1

Section 1. PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

1. 1. INTRODUCTION

The REL 301 and REL 302 relays are numerical transmission line protection systems, with
three zones (four zones in REL 302) of distance protection. All measurements and logic are
performed by an Intel 80C196 microcontroller. Self-checking line voltage and current monitor-
ing is included.

1. 2. REL 301/302 FEATURES
1.2.1

Standard

Features for REL 301 (Non-Pilot)

100% Numerical processing
3-Zone step distance phase and ground relay, with reversible Zone-3 phase and ground; 4
impedance units per zone: 3 phase-to-ground; 1 phase-to-phase.
T1 timer (0 to 15 cycles)
Independent timers for phase and ground step distance applications
Overcurrent supervision of phase and ground distance
Selectable Zone-2 torque controlled phase and/or ground overcurrent
Inverse time directional or non-directional (selectable) overcurrent ground backup logic
Loss of potential supervision
Loss of current supervision
Instantaneous forward directional phase and ground high set overcurrent trip
Close Into Fault Trip
Unequal-pole-closing load pickup logic
Selectable Loss-of-Load accelerated trip logic
Selectable Zone-1 extension
Current change fault detector (

D

I)
Voltage change fault detector (

D

V)
Breaker trip circuit test
Push-to-close test for output contacts
Binary input test of contact input circuits
Software switches for functional tests, e.g., (Carrier Send and Carrier Receivers)
Selectable polarizing for directional overcurrent ground units (zero sequence, negative se-
quence and dual
Programmable Reclose initiation and reclose block outputs
Fault location capability
Self-checking software
Trip contact sealed in by trip current, and selectable dropout delay of 0 or 50 ms
16 fault records with setting selectable data capture choices which trigger fault recording
Real-time clock (Can be externally set with optional IRIG-B interface)
Low voltage pickup setting for close into fault trip logic
Setting positive sequence to zero sequence ratio
Double blinder logic for out of step blocking

2

Choice of RS (RS 232C Product Operated Network Interface) PONI or NET (INCOM) PONI
16 sets of oscillographic data and intermediate target data. Each set includes a graphic dis-
play of the 7 analog inputs and 24 digital logic signals. Each oscillographic target contains 1
prefault and 7 fault cycles of data. Data collection can be started by TRIP only, TRIP and/or
Zone2, TRIP and/or Zone 2/ Zone 3 or

D

V

D

I

1.2.2

Standard

Features for REL 302 (Pilot)

All features listed as standard for the REL 301 are also standard in the REL 302
Independent pilot zone phase and ground distance units
Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT) /Simplified Unblocking Logic
Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip Logic
Directional Comparison Blocking Logic
POTT or Simplified Unblocking Weakfeed Terminal Logic
Instantaneous Forward Directional Overcurrent Function for High Resistance Ground Fault
Supplement to Overreach Pilot
Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground Function for Carrier Start on Blocking
Scheme
Low voltage pickup setting for weakfeed logic and close into fault trip
Reclose Block on Breaker Failure Squelch
3-Terminal Line Application

1.2.3

Optional

Features for the Non-Pilot REL 301 and Pilot REL 302

Man Machine Interface (LCD Display)
Review or update all settings
Review two most recent
Line voltage, current and phase angle monitoring
RS-232C front communications port
5 programmable contact outputs
Reclosing with or without Synchronism/Voltage Check (See I.L. 40-386.12 for details)
Up to 4 reclose attempts
Instantaneous or time delay (each reclose attempt)
Reset Timer
Live-Line Dead-Bus/Dead-Line Live-Bus logic
Synchronism check
120 Volt phase-to-phase synchronism voltage input option

1. 3. REL 301/302 CONSTRUCTION

All of the relay circuitry, with the exception of the rst-line surge protection, is mounted on the
inner chassis, to which the front panel is attached. The outer chassis has a backplane, which is
a receptacle for all external connections, including a communication interface. The integral
FT-10 switches permit convenient and safe disconnection of trip, ac and dc input circuits, and
provide for injection of test signals.

1.3.1 REL 301/302 Outer Chassis

This is an FT-42 case, where all the input/output signals are surge protected. All external con-
nections are made through the rear of the case (except optional front communications port).

40-386.1
3

The outer chassis

(Figure 1-3)

consists of 2 surge protection modules, a backplane surge pro-
tection module, a metal case, FT-switches and a communication interface consisting of a Prod-
uct Operated Network Interface (PONI) which is either a NET (INCOM

) PONI or RS (RS-232C)
PONI mounted on the inside of the case on the backplane module.

1.3.2 REL 301/302 Inner Chassis

The inner chassis

(Figure 1-4)

consists of a frame, 2 switchjaws and the following modules.
Each module is identied by silk screen label.

PT Module:

Consisting of 3 voltage transformers for V

AN

, V

BN

and V

CN

.

CT Module

:
Consisting of 4 current transformers for IA, IB, IC and IP, where IP is used for zero-sequence
dual-polarizing ground current measurement

.

Filter Module

:
Consisting of the anti-aliasing filters for the seven inputs from the vt and ct modules, the mul-
tiplexer to the A/D converter, the A/D converter itself, and the Opto-isolator for the input con-
tacts

.

Microprocessor Module:

Consisting of a microcontroller (16 bits Intel 80C196 at 10 MHz), two EPROM program mem-
ory chips; two RAM chips, an EEPROM for data retention, a real time clock with battery and
indication LEDs

.

Power Supply (PWRSUP) Module:

This is an isolated switching power supply capable of supplying +5 Vdc for microcontroller
and surrounding IC logic,

12 Vdc for reference voltages and + 24 Vdc for communication.
All output contacts are on this module

.

Three power supply options are available:48 Vdc
125 Vdc
250 Vdc

Man Machine Interface (MMI)/display module (optional):

consisting of a 2-line, 16 character per line, liquid crystal display (

LCD

), four push-buttons for
setting data entries and a switch for either protection or reclosing information. If the MMI op-
tion is not supplied, the switch is supplied for resetting protection or reclosing LEDs from the
front panel.

Reclosing/Synch-check Module (optional):

consisting of an independent microcontroller (16 bits Intel 80C196) with its IC logic, signals,
contact inputs and outputs

.
1. 4. UNIQUE FEATURES
1.4.1 Fault Detection Software

REL 301/302 fault-detection software operates in two modes: Background and Fault mode.
The REL 301/302 relay normally operates in the Background mode. During non-fault operation
(Background mode), the REL 301/302 Microprocessor checks hardware, services the man-ma-
chine interface including communication port(s), and checks for a disturbances in voltage or cur-
rent which indicates a potential fault. If a disturbance is seen, the program switches to the Fault
mode, for several power cycles, to perform phase and ground unit checks for each zone and
logic functions.

4

The REL 301/302 relay program functions are shown in a ow chart loop

Figure 1-5

, which the
Microprocessor repeats 8 times per power cycle. Most functions are performed all of the time,
in the background mode, as shown. An important detail (not shown in

Figure 1-5

) is that many
of the checks are broken into small parcels, so that the whole complement of tasks is performed
over a one-cycle period (eight passes through the loop). Some checks are performed more than
once per cycle (e.g. critical timers).
The REL 301/302 sampling software has 8 states; these states correspond to the sampling rate
(8 samples per cycle). Movement from state to state is controlled by a timer. The timer is loaded
with a state time at the beginning of the state.The code executed within a state must be com-
pleted before the timer expires. The software then waits for the timer to time out. If the timer ex-
pires before the code has completed execution, a time out error results, blocking relay tripping.
The fundamental frequency components are extracted from the samples (each cycle) and con-
verted to voltage and current phasor values using a Fourier notch-lter algorithm. During the
process, the sum of squares of the inputs are accumulated to provide rms values of current and
voltage. The Fourier coefcients and sums are calculated for computing the phase angles. The
sum of squares and the sums of the Fourier coefcients are updated for each sample, using the
information from the previous seven samples, to provide a full cycle of data.

1.4.2 Fault Mode and Restricted Fault Tests

Upon entry into the fault mode, the sums of the Fourier coefcients and sum of squares from
the background mode are stored. New sums are obtained, using fault data, to which offset com-
pensation has been applied.
To speed up tripping for severe faults, restricted fault testing is implemented. The last half cycle
of background mode input samples and the rst half cycle of fault mode input samples are used
to compute the current and voltage vectors and rms values. No dc offset compensation is per-
formed. High-set instantaneous overcurrent and Zone-1 distance unit tests are executed. Re-
stricted fault testing can speed up tripping by as much as one cycle for high current, close-in
faults, up to approximately 50% of the setting reach.
Instantaneous overcurrent, inverse time overcurrent protection, and out-of-step blocking are
also conducted during the fault mode and background mode.
For Zone-2 and Zone-3 faults, impedance computation and checking will continue throughout
the specied time delay. The impedance calculation will be performed once every cycle, in the
fault mode and then continued in the background mode.

1.4.3 Unique Characteristics of REL 301/302

A unique characteristic of the REL 301/302 system is its

phase selection principle

. It deter-
mines the sum of positive and negative sequence currents for each phase by a novel method
which excludes the inuence of pre-fault load current. From this information, the fault type can
be clearly identied and the actual distance to the fault can be estimated using a calculation
based on the selected fault type.

High-resistance ground-fault detection

is available in REL 301/302. Sensitive directional pilot
tripping is activated through an

FDOG Timer.

The pilot ground distance unit is always active and
can have the priority for tripping dependent on the

FDOG Timer

setting.

Load-loss tripping

entails high-speed, essentially simultaneous clearing at both terminals of a
transmission line for all fault types, except three-phase, without the need of a pilot channel. Any

40-386.1
5

fault location on the protected circuit will be within the reach of the Zone-1 relays at one or both
terminals. This causes direct tripping of the local breaker without the need for any information
from the remote terminal. The remote terminal recognizes the loss of load-current in the unfault-
ed phase(s) as evidence of tripping of the remote breaker. This, coupled with Zone-2 distance
or directional overcurrent ground-fault recognition at the remote terminal, allows immediate trip-
ping to take place at that terminal by bypassing the remaining zone 2 delay time.

1.4.4 Self-checking Software

REL 301/302 continuously monitors its ac input subsystems using multiple A/D converter cali-
bration-check inputs, plus loss-of-potential and loss-of-current monitoring. Failures of the A/D
converter or any problem in a single ac channel, which unbalances non-fault inputs, causes an
alarm (AL1 dropped out) and blocks tripping. Self-checking software includes the following func-
tions:
a. A/D Converter Check
b. Program Memory Checksum
Immediately upon power-up, the relay does a complete EPROM checksum of program
memory. After power-up, the REL 301/302 continually computes the program memory
checksum.
c. Power-up Volatile RAM Check
Immediately upon power-up, the relay does a complete test of the RAM data memory. After
power-up, the REL 301/302 continually performs the RAM check.
d. Non-volatile RAM Check
All front-panel-entered constants (settings) are stored in non-volatile RAM in three identical
arrays. These arrays are continuously checked by the program. If any of the three array
entrees disagree, a non-volatile RAM failure is detected.

1. 5. UNIQUE REMOTE COMMUNICATION PROGRAM (RCP)

Special remote communications software, RCP is provided for obtaining fault, metering and cur-
rent settings data as well as sending data to the REL 301/302. RCP can best be described as
a user friendly way of using a personal computer (PC) to communicate with ABB protective re-
lays by way of pull-downs menus. By coupling a computer with the appropriate communications
hardware, it is possible to perform all relay setting and data interactions that are possible from
the man-machine interface. RCP is

required

to communicate with the REL 301/302 via the com-
munication port(s). Refer to RCP instruction manual, I.L. 40-603, for detailed information.

1.5.1 ABB Bulletin Board

The ABB Relay Division Bulletin Board (BBS) is now on line. To obtain the latest version of RCP
software, please call the ABB BBS via modem at:

(800) 338-0581 or (954) 755-3250

Using conguration settings 300-14,400 bits/second, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity and full
duplex. Once the connection is established and login is completed, choose L - Library of Files
from the TOP menu. Next, select D - Down Load File, from the Library of Files, RCPxxx.EXE
(where xxx is the most recent version number e.g. 180 for version 1.80). RCPxxx.EXE is a com-
pressed, self extracting le which is expanded and installed by simply typing RCPxxx and fol-
lowing the instructions.

6

1. 6. SPECIFICATIONS
1.6.1 Technical
1.6.2 External Connections

Terminal blocks located on the rear of the chassis suitable for #14 square tongue lugs.
Wiring to FT-10 switches suitable for #12 wire lugs.

1.6.3 Contact Rating Data

Trip rated contacts - make & carry 30 amps for 1 second, 10 amps continuously, and break 50
watts resistive or 25 watts with L/R =0.045 seconds. Trip rated contacts are:
Trips A1, A2
Programmable Contact OC1
Close outputs Close 1, Close 2

Operating Speed
(from fault detection to trip contact close (60 Hz)
Accuracy zone 1,2,3 pilot (302)
ac Voltage (V

Ln

)
ac Current (I

n

)
Rated Frequency
Maximum Permissible ac Voltage (Thermal Rating)
Continuous
10 Second
Maximum Permissible ac Current (Thermal Rating)
Continuous
1 Second
Minimum Operating Current
dc Battery Voltages
Nominal
48/60 Vdc
110/125 Vdc
220/250 Vdc
dc Burdens: Battery
ac Burdens:
Voltage input
Current input
12 msec (minimum)
26 msec (typical)
33 msec (maximum)

5%
60 Hz 70 Volt rms
50 Hz 63.5 Volt rms
1 or 5 Amp
50 or 60 Hz
1.5 x V

Ln

2.5 x V

Ln

3 x I

n

100 x I

n

0.1 x I

n

Operating Range
38-70 Volt dc
88-145 Volt dc
176- 290 Volt dc
7 Watts normal
30 Watts tripping
0.02 VA at 70 Vac/phase
0.15 VA at 5 A/phase

40-386.1
7

All other output contacts are non-trip rated - make and carry 3 amps continuously, and break
0.1 amps resistive.
All contacts support 1000 Vac across open contacts
Contacts also meet applicable standards: IEC - 255-6A, IEC - 255-12, IEC -255-16,
BS142-1982.

1.6.4 Chassis Dimensions And Weight

Height: 17.875" (453.7 mm)
Width: 5.876" (149 mm)
Depth: 6.626" (168 mm)
Weight: 24 lb (16 kg.)
For Horizontal Mount: 19 inch adapter plate is supplied

1.6.5 Environmental and Type Test Data

Ambient Temperature Range
For Operation -20

C to +60

C
For Storage -40

C to +80

C
Dielectric Test Voltage 2.8 kV, dc, 1 minute (ANSI C37.90.0, IEC 255-5)
Impulse Withstand Level 5 kV peak, 1.2/50

m

sec, 0.5 joule (IEC 255-5)
Fast Transient Surge Withstand Capability 4 kV, 5/50 nsec (IEC 255-22-6); 5kV 10/150 nsec
(ANSI C37.90.1)
Oscillatory Surge Withstand Capability 2.5 kV, 1 MHz (ANSI C37.90.1, IEC 255-22-4)
EMI Volts/Meter Withstand 25 MHz-1GHz, 10-20 V/m Withstand (Proposed ANSI C37.90.2)

8
MOUNTING

Horizontal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H
Vertical - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - V

TRIP

3-Pole Trip - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3
Self Polarized Ground Distance- - - - - - - - - - - - - - P

CURRENT

1 A- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A
5 A- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B

BATTERY VOLTAGE

48 Vdc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4
125 Vdc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
250 Vdc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

RECLOSING

Multi-shot Reclosing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R
Multi-shot Reclosing w/sync-check, 70V* - - - - - - - - - S
Multi-shot Reclosing w/sync-check 120 V** - - - - - - - - T
None- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N

PILOT SYSTEM

Pilot (REL 302) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P
Non-Pilot (REL 301) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N

PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS

5 Contacts including one trip rated contact - - - - - - - - 5
None- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N

COMMUNICATIONS PORT

(PONI-Rear mounted)
INCOM

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C
RS-232C (Default) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R
RS-232C with IRIG-B Input - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B

FRONT PANEL INTERFACE

LCD Display - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L
RS-232C port - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R
Both - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B
None- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N

RELAY COLOR

Black (Default Color) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Beige - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E

*

70V - Phase to neutral, Sync Input

**

120V - Phase to phase, Sync Input

1.6.6 REL 301/302 Catalog Numbers

M

V 3 B 1 R N 5 C L

REL 301/302 ACCESSORIES

FT TEST PLUG
Top or Bottom (Left or Right) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID# 13B8453G05
TEST FIXTURE
Inner Chassis Test Fixture 5A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID# 2678F11G04
SOFTWARE
Remote Communications Program (RCP) . . . . . ID# SWRCP01
OSCillographic And Recording (OSCAR) . . . . . ID# SWOSC01
COMMUNICATIONS
Cabling Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID# 1504B78G01
VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL
Conversion Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ID# 2678F11G05

4
0
-
3
8
6
.
1

9
2682F39
Sheet 1 of 2
Sub 2

Figure 1-1: REL 301/302 Layout. (Vertical)

I
N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
N

M
A
N
U
A
L

R
E
L

3
0
1
/
3
0
2
1
0
2682F39
Sheet 2 of 2
Sub 2
8-32 FILLISTER HEAD SCREW
(4 SUPPLIED)

Figure 1-2: REL 301/302 Layout. (Horizontal)

40-386.1
11

Figure 1-3: REL 301/302 Outer Chassis.

Rear View Front View

(Use Mounting Stud For Case Grounding) (Inner Chassis Removed)

12

Figure 1-4: REL 301 Inner Chassis (Same as REL 302 vertical mount)

40-386.1
13

ESK00252 dtp

POWER
ON
-Initialization
-Self-Checks
Mode =
Background
START
Sample V and I
dc Offset
Correction
Compute V and I
Phasors Using
Fourier Algorithm
Mode? Fault
Background

Disturbance
in

V or

I?

Mode =
Fault
Relaying Calculations:
Zone 1 and Pilot Zone
Pilot Logic and
Channel Control
No Fault for
3 Cycles?
Mode =
Background
- Operator Panel
Interface
- Hardware Self-Checks
N
Y
N
Y
Relaying Calculations
- Zone 2
- Zone 3
- Out-of-Step Blinders
- Inst. Overcurrent
- Ground Backup
- Phase Selector
Checks and Logic
- Non-Pilot Trip Logic
- Loss-of-Pot. And Loss-of-Current
- Data Communications
- Contact Inputs

D

D

- Programmable Output Contact Update

Figure 1-5: REL 301/302 Relay Program Functions

14

RESERVED FOR NOTES

40-386.1
15
2. 1. INTRODUCTION

Both the REL301/302 relay systems detect faults in three zones of phase and ground distance.
Zones 1 and 2 are forward set, Zone-3 can be set forward or reverse. REL302 has a separate
pilot zone (see

Section 2-5

).
The R-X Diagram,

Figure 2-1

, shows a composite of characteristics available with REL301/302.
Zone-1 phase and ground settings are chosen to provide substantial coverage of the protected
line without overreaching the next bus. A setting of 80% of the line impedance is recommended.
Faults occurring within the reach of the Zone-1 measurement cause direct tripping without re-
gard to any action occurring at the remote terminal.
Zone-2 settings are chosen to assure that faults occurring on the next bus are detected. Settings
are chosen (independent of the Zone-1 settings), generally to be 120 to 150% of the line imped-
ance. Any fault occurring on the protected line will be detected by this Zone-2 measurement
(within the fault resistance and current limitations of the relaying system settings). Zone-2 trip-
ping occurs after a time delay of T2 Denite Time or T2 Torque Control Overcurrent Time, de-
pendent on setting choice.
The Zone-3 measurement has a directional setting choice, and may be chosen to respond to
forward or reverse faults. The reverse sensing option is used in conjunction with the T3 time de-
lay, chosen to coordinate with adjacent terminal(s) Zone-2 timing. The forward sensing option
produces time delayed backup to other devices sensing forward faults.
Blinder measurements (B1/B4, B2/B3) are available for out-of-step blocking. The inner blinders
also restrict the trip reach of all of the 3-phase fault measuring units (load restriction).

2. 2. LINE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

Line measurement techniques applied to each zone include:
Single-Phase-To-Ground fault detection
3-Phase fault detection
Phase-to-Phase fault detection
Phase-to-Phase-to-Ground fault detection

NOTE: IOM is used to supervise all ground units and IM is used to supervise all phase
units, including Zone 1,2,3 and pilot for tripping.
2.2.1 Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault

Single-phase-to-ground (G) fault detection

(Figure 2-2)

is accomplished by 3 quadrature po-
larized phase units (ph-A, ph-B, ph-C). Equations 1 and 2 are for operating and reference quan-
tity, respectively. The unit will produce output when the operating quantity leads the reference
quantity.

(1) V
XG
I
X
Z
0L
Z
1L
Z
1L
------------------------

I
0
+ Z
CG

Section 2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

16

(2)

where V

XG

= V

AG

, V

BG

, or V

CG

I

X

= I

A

, I

B

or I

C

Z

1L

, Z

0

L

= Positive and zero sequence line impedance in secondary ohms.
I

0

= 1/3(I

A

+I

B

+I

C

)
Z

CG

= Zone reach setting (

Zone1 G, Zone2 G, Zone3 G

and

Pilot
G

)

in secondary ohms for G fault
V

Q

= Quadrature phase voltages, V

CB

, V

AC

and V

BA

for A, B and C
units, respectively.

2.2.2 Three-Phase Fault

Three-phase (3) fault detection

(Figure 2-3)

is accomplished by the logic operation of one of
the three ground units, plus the 3 fault output signal from the faulted phase selector unit. How-
ever, for a 3-phase fault condition, the distance unit computation will not include zero sequence
compensation. Equations 3 and 4 are for operating and reference quantity, respectively. The unit
will produce output when the operating quantity leads the reference quantity.

V

XG

- I

X

Z

CP

(3)

V

Q

(4)
where V

XG

= V

AG

, V

BG

, or V

CG

I

X

= I

A

, I

B

or I

C

Z

CP


Zone1 , Zone2 , Zone3

and

Pilot

) in secondary ohms for multi-phase faults.
V

Q

= Quadrature phase voltages, V

CB

, V

AC

and V

BA

for A, B and C
units, respectively.

2.2.3 Phase-to-Phase Fault

The phase-to-phase () unit

(Figure 2-4)

responds to all phase-to-phase faults, and some
single-phase-to-ground faults. Equations 5 and 6 are for operating and reference quantity, re-
spectively. They will produce output when the operating quantity leads the reference quantity.

(V

AB

- I

AB

Z

CP

)

(5)

(V

CB

- I

CB

Z

CP

)

(6)
where Z

CP


Zone1 , Zone2 , Zone3

and

Pilot

) in
secondary ohms for multi-phase faults.

2. 3. MEASUREMENT ZONES

Both REL301 and 302 perform line protection measurements for 3 zones of the transmission
line (Zone-1, Zone-2, Zone-3), and for one optional pilot zone in REL302. When the REL301 or
302 system type setting

SystType

is set to

Non Pilot

, it will perform 3-zone non-pilot pro-
tection.
When REL301 and 302 trip, the trip contacts will be sealed-in as long as the trip coil current ex-
ists. The trip contact dropout can be delayed by 50 milliseconds, after the trip current is re-
moved, by inserting jumper JP4 on the Microprocessor module. See

Figure 5-3

for location.

Bold type in quotation marks indicates LCD display quantity.
V
Q

40-386.1
17
2.3.1 Zone-1 Trip (Figure 2-5)

For Zone-1 phase faults, the Z1P units will identify the fault and operate. The 3 fault logic is
supervised by the load restriction logic via AND131C at AND 131. Oversight of zone-1 3 trip
logic, via AND 131, includes supervision by the selectable out-of-step blocking (OSB) logic (see

Section 2.4.16

) and directional supervised, by the Forward Directional Overcurrent Phase units
(FDOPA, FDOPB and FDOPC) for more security during close-in faults. OSB supervision is by
both the OSB logic and the subsequent OSB logic if the option is supplied and is enabled by
setting

OS Block

to

YES

. Additional 3 fault logic supervision is by way of fault detector
overcurrent input (IM) and loss of potential supervision (LOPBS) at AND 2. Loss of potential su-
pervision is enabled by setting

LOP Blk

to either

Yes

or

All

.
Z1P 3 output satises AND 2B, if

Zone1

is set to any value other than

Disabled,

after
the zone-1 time delay T1 (

T1 Timer

if set) has expired and provides a high-speed trip (HST)
signal, via OR 2, to operate the trip output relay. The trip circuit is monitored by a seal-in reed
relay (S), which is in-series with each tripping contact circuit. The S relay will pick up if the trip
current is higher than 0.5 Amp. The operation of the S contact will turn-on the breaker trip indi-
cators (for fault records), and feeds back to OR 4 to hold the trip relay in operation until the power
circuit breaker (PCB) trips and the PCBs 52a contact opens (not shown in

Figure 2-5

). In the
event a longer duration trip output is required, trip contact dropout can be delayed an additional
50 milliseconds, after the trip current is removed, by inserting jumper JMP4 (JP4 on the Micro-
processor module). See

Figure 5-3

for location. The trip seal (TRSL) signal plus the output sig-
nal from AND 2B turns on the Zone-1 phase trip indicator Zone1 , for targeting plus

ZONE-1

and

M

LEDs. The breaker trip and Zone-1 phase trip indicators information is stored and/or
sealed in. They can be reset by external

R

ESET

voltage or through remote communications.
However pushing the

R

ESET

push-button, will only return the display to

METER

mode and re-
set the ashing LEDs, but the fault target information will remain in memory.
Similar operation occurs for Zone-1 single-phase-to-ground faults. The Z1G units (A, B and
C) detect faults and operate AND 132, AND 133 or AND134 which are supervised by overcur-
rent fault detector IOM and ground directional unit FDOG (forward directional overcurrent
ground). Zone-1 ground logic AND 3 is also supervised by the signals of NOT RDOG (reverse
directional overcurrent ground) or NOT UNEQUAL POLE CLOSING or NOT LOPBS. These
signals add security from incorrect operations for close-in reverse faults or operations resulting
from PCB pole misalignment errors or loss of potential, respectively. Z1G output satises AND
3B, if

Zone1 G

is set to any value other than

Disabled,

after the zone-1 time delay T1 (

T1
Timer

if set) has expired and provides a high-speed trip (HST) signal, via OR 2, to operate the
trip relay. The trip seal (TRSL) signal plus the output signal from AND 3B turns on the Zone-1
ground trip indicator Zone-1 G, for targeting plus

ZONE-1

and

A

,

B

or

C

LEDs. Zone-1
ground trip indicator information is stored and/or sealed in.
A two-out-of-three leading phase blocking logic is included to solve the overreach problem of
t he si ngl e- phase gr ound di st ance uni t s, when and i f t hey r espond t o a
phase-to-phase-to-ground (G) fault.
The high-speed trip (HST) signal also is connected to the reclosing initiation logic.

2.3.2 Zone-2 Trip (Figure2-6)

For Zone-2 phase faults, the appropriate Z2P

unit will detect the fault and operate the Zone-2
phase timer. The timer, denoted T2P in

Figure 2-6 can be selected to be either a denite time
delay or a torque controlled, inverse time overcurrent delay (CO type) characteristic*.

Bold italic type indicates an output e.g. LEDs or contact output

Bold type, with small capital letters, indicates an input e.g. RESET push-button or voltage input
18
*Note: the curves commonly used with electromechanical (e/m) overcurrent relays are a com-
posite, average result of considerable testing. Overcurrent characteristics utilized in the
REL301/302 are the result of calculations which do not exactly emulate e/m overcurrent relay
characteristics. Also it should be noted that the time dial setting differs from e/m overcurrent re-
lays. E/m relays have a continuously adjustable time dial. REL301/302 attempts to emulate this
feature by providing time dial settings of 1 to 63 with the middle of the time dial range being
24 (e/m approximate equivalent of time dial 5).
Timer type selection is a function of setting T2 Type with choices of Denite Time or
Torque Control. T2 Time is the related Denite Time duration setting. T2 CV,
T2 PkUp and T2 TC are the related Torque Control overcurrent delay settings. Each
overcurrent delay has a choice of time delay (Reset) or instantaneous (Instant) reset. Z2P out-
puts (via AND 4) plus the T2P timer output satisfy AND 18. outputs satisfy AND 2B, The AND
18 output provides TDT via OR 3 if Zone-2 is set to any value other than Disabled. Signal
TDT satises OR 4 (Figure 2-5) and operates the trip relay. Load restriction, out of step blocking
loss of potential and overcurrent supervision are similar to zone-1. The tripping and targeting
are similar to Zone-1 trip, except for the Zone-2 phase time delay trip indicator Zone-2
Similar operation occurs for Zone-2 single-phase-to-ground faults. The Z2G units, OR 151 out-
put, detects the fault and operates T2G timer. T2G timer options of Denite Time or Torque
Control are identical to zone-2 phase time delays described above. Operation of IOM AND
FDOG plus operation of T2G provide the TDT signal via OR 3 with Zone-2 ground time delay
trip indicator.
The single-phase ground distance units may respond to a G fault. The output of the Z2G unit
plus the operation of the selection will trip the Zone-2 via OR 157, T2P (T2 Time) and
AND 18. Leading phase blocking, utilized in zone-1 trip logic, is unnecessary for overreaching
zones.
The TDT signal is connected to the reclosing block logic.
The settings for Zone-2 timers (phase and ground) are independent, and selected via the man
machine interface as follows:
If T2q/ Type and/or T2G Type are selected as Denite Time then Table 2 settings ap-
ply:
Table 1:
T2f Type
and
T2G Type
Blocked Denite Time
or
Torque Control
Table 2:
T2f Type
and
T2G Type
0.10 to 2.99 Sec (Seconds)
0.10 to 2.99 sec (Seconds
40-386.1
19
If T2 Type and/or T2G Type are selected as Torque Control then Tables 3, 4 and 5
settings apply:
2.3.3 Zone-3 Trip (Figure 2-7)
For Zone-3, phase faults, the Z3P (Zone-3) logic will identify faults in the forward or reverse
direction, depending on the Zone-3 setting, and operate the Zone-3 phase timer T3P. The
Z3P output plus the T3P timer output satisfy AND 20 similar to zone-2. The AND 20 output pro-
vides TDT via OR 3. Signal TDT satises OR 4 (Figure 2-5) and operates the trip relay. Load
restriction, out of step blocking loss of potential and overcurrent supervision are similar to
zone-1. The tripping and targeting are similar to Zone-1 and Zone-2 trip, except for the Zone-3
phase time delay trip indicator Zone-3 .
For Zone-3 single-phase-to-ground faults, Z3G identies the fault and operates. Z3G, plus op-
eration of IOM, satises AND 7; operates T3G which provides the TDT signal via OR 3 with
Zone-3 ground time delay trip indicator delay trip indicator Zone-3 G. For security, the Z3G logic
is also supervised by the signal of FDOG, when Z3G is set forward or by the signal of RDOG
when Z3G is set reverse via logic OR 171B, AND 171C or AND 171D.
Operation for Zone-3 G faults is similar to Zone-2, and is via OR 170, T3P and AND 20 gates.
The TDT signal is connected to the reclosing block logic.
The settings for Zone-3 timers (phase and ground) are independent, and as follows:
T3P Zone-3 phase timer (T3 )0.1 to 9.99 seconds or Blocked
T3G Zone-3 ground timer(T3 G)0.1 to 9.99 seconds or Blocked
Either Zone-3 phase or Zone-3 ground function(s) can be disabled by setting Zone-3 and/or
Zone-3 G to the Disabled setting choice or by setting zone-3 phase and/or ground timers
to Blocked.
Table 3:
T2 CV
and
T2G CV
C0-2; C0-5; C0-6; C0-7; C0-8; C0-9; C0-11
Reset or Instant
Table 4:
T2 PkUp
and
T2G PkUp
0.50 to 10.00 Amps
0.50 to 10.00 Amps
Table 5:
T2 TC
and
T2G TC
1- 63
1- 63
20
2.3.4 Zone-1 Extension (Figure 2-8)
This scheme provides a higher speed operation on end zone-faults without the application of a
pilot channel.
If the REL301/302 SystType setting is set to Zone-1 Extension, the zone-1 phase/zone-1
ground (Z1P/Z1G) unit will provide two outputs; one is overreach which is set at 1.25 x Z1 reach
by the microprocessor, and one is the normal Z1 reach. A single shot instantaneous reclosing
device should be used when applying this scheme. The targets Zone-1 /Zone-1G will indicate
either Z1 trip and/or Z1E trip operations. The other functions (e.g., Z2T, Z3T, ac trouble monitor-
ing, overcurrent supervision, unequal-pole closing/ load pickup control, LL trip, etc.) would func-
tion the same as in the basic scheme.
For a remote internal fault, either Z1P or Z1G will detect the fault since they are set to overreach.
High speed trip will be performed via the normal Zone-1 path (Figure 2-5). HST signal operates
the instantaneous reclosing scheme. The breaker recloses and stays closed if the fault has
cleared.
Target Zone-1 and/or Zone-1 G will be displayed. Once the breaker trip circuit carries current,
TRSL operates the 0/5000 timer and satises AND 26 for 5000 milliseconds (Figure 2-8). The
output signal of AND 26 will trigger the Zone-1 /Zone-1 G reach circuit, constricting their
reaches back to the normal Zone-1 reaches for 5000 milliseconds. During the reach constricting
periods, if the breaker is reclosed on a Zone-1 permanent fault, it will retrip again. If the breaker
is reclosed on an end-zone zone permanent fault, the normal Z2T time delay trip will take place.
For a remote external fault, either Z1P or Z1G will detect the fault since they are set to overreach.
High speed trip will be performed. HST signal operates the instantaneous reclosing scheme.
The breaker recloses and stays closed if the fault has been isolated by the adjacent line breaker.
However, if the adjacent line breaker fails to trip, the normal Zone-2 back up will take place.
NOTE: The reaches of Z1E are based on the Zone-1 settings multiplied by a factor of
1.25.
2. 4. NON-PILOT OPERATION
The following features are standard with the REL301/302.
2.4.1 3-Zone Distance Phase and Ground Relay with Reversible Zone-3 Phase and Ground
There are four impedance units per zone: one phase-to-phase unit and three phase-to-ground
units. Zone-3 can be set to forward or reverse for carrier keying or back-up tripping in pilot sys-
tem applications.
2.4.2 Inverse Time Overcurrent Ground Backup (Figure 2-9)
The overcurrent ground backup (GB) unit is to supplement the distance ground protection. It
provides an inverse time characteristic which is similar to the conventional CO characteristics*
(Figures 2-32 through 2-38). The time curves, with a choice of time delay (Reset) or instanta-
neous (Instant) reset characteristic, can be selected by the GB Type Setting. The time dial is
set by the GBT Curve value. The unit can be selected as directional by using the GB DIR.
setting and the pickup value is set by GB Pickup. The directional GB function uses the torque
control approach, as shown. The GB function can be disabled by setting the GB Type to Dis-
abled.
40-386.1
21
Note: The curves commonly used with electromechanical (e/m) overcurrent relays are
a composite, average result of considerable testing. Overcurrent characteristics
utilized in the REL301/302 are the result of calculations which do not exactly em-
ulate e/m overcurrent relay characteristics. Also it should be noted that the time
dial setting differs from e/m overcurrent relays. E/m relays have a continuously
adjustable time dial. REL301/302 attempts to emulate this feature by providing
time dial settings of 1 to 63 with the middle of the time dial range being 24 (e/m
approximate equivalent of time dial 5).
The directional unit polarization is determined by the setting of Dir Type which can be set to
Zero Sequence; zero sequence voltage, Dual Polariz; zero sequence voltage and/or zero
sequence current, or Negative Sequ negative sequence voltage and negative sequence cur-
rent (see Section 2.4.12, Selectable Ground Directional Unit, Zero Sequence / Negative Se-
qu/Dual Polariz).
2.4.3 Loss of Potential Supervision (Figure 2-10)
The ac voltage monitoring circuit is referred to as the loss-of-potential (LOP) circuit. In order to
prevent undesirable tripping due to the distance unit(s) operation on loss-of-potential, the follow-
ing logic is used:
(V
AN
or V
BN
or V
CN
<7Vac) or (3Vo>7Vac) and not DI or not (3I
O
>I
OS
)
This means that the LOP Block will be set if any one of the phase voltages is below 7 Vac (with-
out DI), or if the system detects 3Vo without 3Io (or 3I
O
> I
OS
) and without 52b as shown. The
loss-of-potential condition satises AND 1. The output signal of AND 1 starts the 8/0 millisecond
timer. The timer output pickups the 0/500 millisecond timer and satises AND 1C if there is no
output from AND 1B. Output signal of AND 1C will block all the distance unit tripping paths via
AND 2, AND 3, AND 4, AND 5, AND 6, AND 172 (also blocks AND 191 and AND 187 for Pilot
Systems), if LOP Blk is set to YES. All distance units are blocked from tripping but, the
ground backup, regardless of it directional setting, and high-set overcurrent units (Inst and Inst
G) are operative and converted to non-directional operation automatically. If LOP Blk is set
to All, all distance and overcurrent tripping functions will be blocked via AND 8 (Figure 2-5)
and the Protection In Service LED will go out. Loss of potential blocking function can be disabled
by setting the LOP Blk to No and the output of the LOP timer will operate the Alarm 1 relay
(Failure Alarm) only.
When applying the LOP Blk to YES, it is the intent to block all distance units from tripping,
should LOP condition exist. However, under a special system condition (refer to Figure 2-11),
both circuits are energized without load current; with no source at terminal B, fault near terminal
A, Zone-2 relay at terminal B will be blocked by LOP, and may fail to trip. This is because the
relay at B sees no current, and a low voltage condition exists before circuit breaker A opens.
Another special system condition involves two parallel lines with a symmetrical sources at both
terminals. For an evolving ashover fault, at a point equidistant from both terminals, the conven-
tional LOP logic will block trip, because the rst external fault generates 3V0

and not 3I
0
on the
protected line. Logic AND 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1E 150/0, 3500/200 millisecond timers circuit (in Figure
2-10) are for solving these problems. This logic unblocks the LOP circuit and provides a 3500
ms trip window for the distance units to trip if the fault current is detected within 150 ms after
LOP has been set. This logic has will be blocked (will have no effect) for the following conditions:
if DI signal occurs ahead of LOP, or
if LOP and DI signals occur simultaneously
22
2.4.4 Loss of Current Supervision (Figure 2-12)
The ac current monitoring circuit uses IOM and NOT Vo as criterion, as shown. Under ct short
circuit or open circuit condition, IOM and NOT Vo satises AND 23; the output signal of AND 23
starts the 10/0.5 second timer. The timer output turns ON the non-memory LOI indicator, which
can be displayed in the Metering mode, and operates the Alarm 1 relay (Failure Alarm). If the
LOI condition exists and LOI Blk (LOIB) is set to YES, all trip output will be blocked after the
10 second timer times out.
2.4.5 Fault Detector Overcurrent Supervision (Figure 2-13)
For REL301/302, the distance units do not require overcurrent supervision since the relay nor-
mally operates in a background mode, zone-1 and pilot impedance computation will not start
until a phase current or a phase voltage disturbance is detected. This approach minimizes the
load current problem when setting the phase overcurrent units. However in order to meet the
traditional practice, a medium set phase overcurrent unit I
M
(any phase I
AM
, I
BM
, I
CM
) supervises
Zone-1, Zone-2, Zone-3 and Pilot trip functions. This option should not be set to limit
Zone-3 reach, and traditionally should be set above the load current.
For coordination purposes the ground trip units Z1G, Z2G, Z3G, PLTG, and FDOG are super-
vised by the medium set ground overcurrent unit (IOM). The IOS logic and RDOG are used for
carrier send in a Pilot Blocking system (REL302).
2.4.6 Highset Overcurrent Trip (Figure 2-14)
The instantaneous overcurrent units (IAH, IBH, ICH and IOH) are forward directional and set
high to detect those faults which occur in the Zone-1, therefore, their tripping will occur via OR
2 since these trips are classied as high speed trips. These high set trip functions can be dis-
abled by setting the Inst (ITP) phase and/or Inst G (ITG) ground to Disabled. The di-
rectional characteristic of Inst and Inst G will automatically revert to non-directional protection
if the setting of Dir Type=Zero Seq or Negative Seq, if the LOP condition occurs and the
setting of LOP Blk is YES. If LOP Blk is set to ALL, ITP and/or ITG will be blocked. For
the setting of Dir Type=Dual Polariz when lp > 1amp, the ITG maintain their directionality
determined by the current polarization calculation (3I
0
and I
P
). For I
P
< 1amp, the directionality
is determined by the voltage polarization calculation (3V
0
and 3I
0
). In order to avoid a false trip
during the clearing of a reverse fault, an ITG transient block logic is added. The ITG trip will be
delayed for 2 cycles if a forward fault is detected immediately after a reverse fault.
2.4.7 Close-Into-Fault Trip (CIFT Figure 2-15a)
There are three low voltage units (LVA, LVB and LVC) in REL301/302. Each unit senses the
phase voltage condition in the background mode. The units can be set (Low V) from 40 to 60
volts, in 1.0 volt steps. For any phase voltage below the set value, the LV logic will produce a
logic 1 output signal. The low voltage units are used in CIFT and the pilot weakfeed logic in
REL302.
In order to supplement distance unit operation, when the circuit breaker is closed into a fault and
line side potential is used, the Close-Into-Fault Trip logic operates as shown in Figure 2-15a. It
includes logic AND 22, 100/180 millisecond and 16/0 millisecond timers. If any overcurrent unit
(IAL, IBL, ICL or IOM) operates OR 11, at the same time as one of the phase voltages (VA,
VB,VC) is below the preset level of the LV units, (for 180 ms) after circuit breaker closing (52b
contact opens), then logic AND 22 is satised and produces a trip signal. Tripping is classied
as Time Delay Trip, via OR 3, (Figure 2-6, 2-7) which will produce a Reclose Block signal and
a CIF Trip target. CIF Trip has three setting possibilities: CIF Trip, No CIF Trip (dis-
40-386.1
23
or CIF Trip w/Delay (enable with time delay insertion). The application of close into fault with
time delay, is explained in the following paragraphs.
A modied close into fault logic is employed for the special application shown in Figure 2-15b.
Two relays, looking in opposite directions, control a single breaker, share a single 52b input
and a common set of voltage transformers. Each relay trips the main breaker and the power
transformer secondary breaker, for faults on the line section being protected (e.g. relay #2 trips
52 and 52-2). Classic close into fault logic produced false tripping of one secondary breaker
(transformer on the unfaulted line section) upon reclosing after a trip, if the fault persisted. This
was due to arming of the non-directional, close into fault logic by the common (main breaker)
52b, in the relay which did not detect the fault.
The 200/0 millisecond timer delays the arming and hence operation of the close into fault logic
during main breaker reclosing. The choice of 200 milliseconds was selected to be greater than
the 180 milliseconds reset of the 52b, but less than minimum reclose dead time of an instanta-
neous reclose. To utilize this logic, the following application rules apply:
1) For relay 1 with bus-side potential, that is cts and vts on the same side of the main break-
er, set CIF Trip to No CIF Trip. When bus-side potential is used, close into fault logic
is not needed and could misoperate, under certain circumstances, if enabled.
2) For relay 2 with line-side potential, that is cts and vts on opposite sides of the main break-
er, set CIF Trip to CIF Trip w/delay. The minimum reclose dead time must be greater
than 200 milliseconds or close into fault tripping will be delayed, and it is possible no close
into fault trip will occur when reclosing onto a fault.
3) Loss of potential block logic, LOP Blk must be set to Yes or No not ALL. For the
setting of LOP Blk ALL, the relay may not trip during reclosing onto fault since loss of
potential may set and block tripping.
Standard close into fault trip logic, without time delay, should be selected for all applications with
line side potential other than this two-relay-one-breaker scheme conguration.
2.4.8 Unequal-Pole-Closing-Load Pickup Logic (Figure 2-16)
The ground units may pick up on a condition of load pickup or with unequal breaker pole closing.
The high speed ground units (Z1G, FDOG and PLTG) should be supervised under this condi-
tion. This supervision is achieved by inserting a 0/20 millisecond timer, controlled by the 52b
signal, to supervise the Zone-1G trip via AND 3 (Figure 2-5) PLTG trip via AND 189A (Figure
2-20). It should be noted that the 20 ms time delay will have no effect on a normal fault clearing.
2.4.9 Loss-of-Load Accelerated Trip Logic (LL Trip Figure 2-17)
NOTE: The LL Trip function does not need to be set for normal operation of the relay.
While it can provide faster tripping for end-zone faults, it may not be used in all
situations. It should be applied with caution based on thorough knowledge of the
system characteristics where the relay is applied. It is definitely not applicable
where maximum tapped load may exceed minimum through-load in the protect-
ed line.
Load loss accelerated tripping is acceleration of or bypassing the remainder of the normal
zone-2 time delay after a fault is sensed in zone-2 and the logic detects 3-pole tripping at the
remote terminal. Acceleration occurs for all fault types, except 3 faults, to improve trip speed
for the sequentially tripping terminal.
24
During non-fault conditions, balanced 3 current owing results in IAL=IBL=ICL= logic 1 which
produces a logic 1 at the output of AND 24 and OR 13. For a remote fault (beyond zone-1 reach),
Z2P OR Z2G detects the fault which satises an input to AND 25. However, the signal from AND
24 is negated at its input to AND 25, therefore, AND 25 should have no output until the remote
end 3-pole trips. At this time, the local end current will lose one or two phases, depending on
the type of fault. The AND 24 output signal changes from 1 to 0 and satises AND 25. After
10 milliseconds, this output by-passes the remaining T2 timer, and provides accelerated Zone-2
trip. The (10/0 millisecond) time delay is for coordination on external faults with unequal pole
clearing. The 0/32 millisecond timer is needed for security on external faults without load current
condition. Target LL Trip will turn on after load loss trip. The load loss trip function is selected by
setting LL Trip to YES, FDOG or NO, where YES is load loss trip with zone-2 super-
vision only; FDOG is load loss trip with both zone-2 and (FDOG/I
OM
) supervision; NO dis-
ables the load loss trip function.
2.4.10 Current or Voltage Change Fault Detector (DI, DV)
The REL301/302 relay normally operates in the Background mode, while there is no phase cur-
rent or voltage disturbances. During background mode, the four input currents (I
A
, I
B
, I
C
and I
p
)
and the three voltages (V
A
, V
B
, V
C
) are sampled at a rate of 8 per cycl e. When a phase
di st ur bance (DI or DV) i s det ect ed, t he r el ay ent er s faul t mode for several cy-
cl es t o per for m phase and gr ound unit distance computation for each zone. The criteria
for determining a disturbance in the REL301/302 design are as follows:
1) Each phase D I :if [I
Kn
- I
(K-1)n
] > 1.0 amp
And [I
Kn
- I
(K-1)n
] / I
(K-1)n
x 100% > 12.5%
2) Each phase DV:if [V
Kn
- V
(K-1)n
] > 7.0 volts
and [V
Kn
- V
(K-1)n
] / V
(K-1)n
x 100% >12.5%
3) D I
0
: if [(3I
0
)
Kn
- (3I
0
)
(K - 1)n
] > 0.5 amp
Where:
n = Relative sample number 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
K = Cycle number relative to a disturbance start
K-1 = Cycle number before the disturbance start
2.4.11 Phase Directional Polarization
The phase directional units have no setting selection. Forward phase directionality is derived
from the phase angle relationship between the faulted phase current and the non-faulted
phase-to-phase voltage. The connection is referred to as a 90 connection since the sensed
phase current, at a power factor of 1, leads the sensed phase-to-phase voltage by 90 under
non-fault conditions. Forward direction operate area can be dened as the faulted phase current
between 30 leading to 150 lagging its 1 power factor position. Directional calculation maxi-
mum torque output, results when the phase current lags its 1 power factor position by 60. Of-
ten this is referred to as a 90 - 60 characteristic.
2.4.12 Ground Directional Polarization Selection
The ground directional unit setting Dir Type has three selections Zero Sequence, Nega-
tive Sequ and Dual Polariz, which sets the polarization of the forward directional overcur-
rent ground (FDOG) unit and reversed directional overcurrent ground (RDOG) unit. If Zero
Sequence is selected, both FDOG and RDOG units will be operated by a zero-sequence volt-
age polarizing element. Forward direction is identied by 3I
0
leading 3V
0
between 30
o
and 210
o
.
The sensitivity of this element is 3I
0
> 0.5 amp and 3V
0
>1.0 vac. If Negative Sequ is select-
40-386.1
25
ed, both FDOG and RDOG will be operated by negative sequence voltage polarizing element.
In this case the maximum sensitivity for the forward directional unit is I
2
leading V
2
by 98
o
, with
V
2
>1.0 Vac and 3I
2
> 0.5 Amp. If Dual Polarization is selected, the FDOG and RDOG will be
determined by current polarizing directional element(I
P
) if the input current I
P
is greater than 1
amp. The I
P
is connected to FT switch #12 and switch #13 and it is also connected to the power
transformer neutral (ct). The maximum torque angle between 3I
0
and I
P
equals zero degrees,
i.e., the forward direction is identied and 3I
0
leads I
P
by 0 to 90 or lags by 0 to 90. The sensitivity
of this element is 3I
0
> 0.5 and I
P
> 1.0 amp. If I
P
is less than 1 ampere, the FDOG will be de-
termined by the zero sequence voltage polarizing calculation.
2.4.13 Instantaneous Forward Directional Overcurrent Ground (FDOG) and Phase (FDOP) Units
The instantaneous forward directional overcurrent ground function (FDOG) is a directional unit
depending on the setting of Dir Type as described in the preceding Section 2.4.12. FDOG in
combination with IOM, supervises Zone-1, Zone-2, Zone-3 Pilot zone ground units for security
purpose, and also for pilot high resistance ground fault trip (FDOG/Iom).
The phase directional unit (FDOP) is based on the angular relationship of a single-phase current
and the corresponding pre-fault phase-to-phase voltage phasors. The forward direction is iden-
tied if the current phasor leads the voltage phasor. The pair of current and voltage phasors
which are compared are I
A
and V
BA
(FDOPA), I
B
and V
CB
(FDOPB), I
C
and V
AC
(FDOPC). The
three-phase fault detection of Zone1 and pilot are supervised by FDOPA, FDOPB and FDOPC.
The high set currents I
AH
, I
BH
, I
CH
are supervised by FDOPA, FDOPB and FDOPC, respectively.
2.4.14 Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground (RDOG)
Similar to FDOG, the instantaneous reverse directional overcurrent ground function (RDOG) su-
pervises the ground units to prevent false tripping.
2.4.15 Programmable Reclose Initiation and Reclose Block Logic (Figure 2-18)
The REL301/302 system provides the following contact output for Reclosing Initiation and re-
closing block functions:
RI2, used for Reclosing Initiation on trip
RB, used for Reclosing Block
The operation of RI2 and RB contacts is controlled by the setting of the programmable Reclos-
ing Initiation logic. The operation of either RI2, or RB must be conrmed by the signal of TRSL,
which is the trip seal of REL301/302 operation.
The most common Reclosing Initiation practice is to have Reclosing Initiation on high speed (Pi-
lot, Zone-1 and high set overcurrent) trip only. On Pilot version programming can be accom-
plished by closing the EXT. (External) PILOT ENABLE switch and setting the Pilot to YES.
AND 84 will produce logic to operate the RI2 relay when receiving signals from TRSL and AND
89.
The program is further controlled by the RI Type setting:
RI Type setting

NO RI: 3PRN provides no output,
therefore, will not operate RI2.
26
RI Type setting
G RI:3PRN will provide output 1
on single-phase-to-ground
fault only and will operate
RI2.
RI Type setting
, G, RI:3PRN will provide output 1
on single- phase- to- ground
fault or 2-phase faults, and
will operate RI2.
RI Type setting
3, , G, G RI:
3PRN will provide output 1 on any
type of fault, and will operate RI2.
The Zone-1, Pilot and Highset overcurrent Fast RI, Zone-2 RI (Z2RI) and Zone-3 RI
(Z3RI) settings are provided for programming on applications where the Reclosing Initiation on
High-speed, Zone-2 or Zone-3 trips are desired. Logic AND 62A is controlled by the signal of
3PRN, therefore, the setting of G RI, , G, RI and 3, , G, RI also affect
the Fast RI, Zone-2RI and Zone-3RI.
In general, the Reclosing Block (RB) relay will operate on TDT (Time Delay Trip) or OSB
(Out-of-Step Block condition). However, it will be disabled by the setting of Fast RI, Z2RI, and
Z3RI signal.
2.4.16 Output Contact Test
A Push-to-Close feature is included in order to check all output relay contacts, which include
TRIP, BFI, RI2, RB, AL1, AL2, GS, Carrier Send (Pilot), Carrier Stop (Pilot) and each program-
mable contact output (if supplied). The relay contact check is supplementary to the self-check
because the Microprocessor self-check routine cannot check the output hardware. In order to
enable the contact test, jumper JP5 on the Microprocessor module must be in place. (See Sec-
tion 5.1.7 for detailed procedures.)
2.4.17 Out-of-Step Block Logic (Figures 2-19a & 2-19b)
The Out-of-Step Blocking (OSB) logic (power swing block supervision) in REL301/302 is a dou-
ble blinder scheme. It contains two blinder units, providing 4 blinder lines. (See Figure 2-19b.)
The nature of the logic (shown in Figure 2-19a) is that the outer blinder 21BO must operate
50ms or more ahead of the inner blinder 21BI, in order for an OSB condition to be identied.
Blinder reaches are determined by the setting of OS Inner and OS Outer, respectively. The
OSB signal is a negated input to the AND 131 (Z1P), AND 147 (Z2P), AND 160 (Z3P), and AND
176 (PLTP) for supervising the 3-phase distance tripping. In addition to controlling the OSB log-
ic, the blinder units are also used to supervise distance relay tripping (Load Restriction). Phase
distance unit tripping cannot take place unless 21BI operates. This prevents operation of the dis-
tance relay on load. The OSB signal is also applied to the reclosing logic for initiating RB.
Blinder
Line Polarizing Operating
Left -j(V
XG
+ I
X
R
C
(Ang Pos.90) I
X
(Ang Pos.90)
Right j(V
XG
- I
X
R
C
(Ang Pos.90) I
X
(Ang Pos.90)
40-386.1
27
The following quantities are used for the blinder sensing:
where
V
XG
= Phase to ground voltage, V
AG
or V
BG
I
X
= Phase current in A or B
R
C
= Setting of the unit OS Inner for 21BI (R
T
)or OS Outer for 21BO
(R
U
).
Ang Pos. = The positive sequence line impedance angle.
Operation occurs if the operating voltage leads the polarizing voltage. The characteristics are
as shown in Figure 2-19b.
2.4.17.1 Subsequent Out-of-Step Security Logic
Model power system tests, when using a motOR generatOR set, show that the Zone-1 imped-
ance unit may overreach or respond to a reversed fault. This was attributed to motOR generator
set instability following delayed clearing on an external fault. The Zone-1 relay, in all cases, iden-
tied the fault location and type correctly and responded much later to the swing condition.
Logic was added, OR 131A, AND 131B, AND 131C and OR 122A, utilizing the inner blinder and
Zone-1 sensing sequence, plus a 50 millisecond timer (as shown in Figure 2-19a) to differenti-
ate between a fault and a subsequent out-of-step condition. This logic will not affect normal
Zone-1 trip time, nor will it affect normal out-of-step blocking.
2.4.18 Fault and Oscillographic Data
The following sections explain the mechanisms for data capture and retrieval. As mentioned in
Section 1.5, communication port access requires Remote Communications Program (RCP)
software.
2.4.18.1 Fault Data
REL301/302 systems capture the latest sixteen fault data records in non-volatile memory. That
is, all records are saved even if control power is removed from the system. The two most recent
fault data records can be accessed via the front panel MMI. All sixteen fault data records can
be accessed via the communication port(s). Complete details concerning communication port
usage is contained in Section 4.6. For a detailed listing of fault data information see Table 4-3.
When a fault occurs, the MMI mode is switched to L-FLT mode and is set to provide informa-
tion on the most recent fault (Latest Fault). By pressing either the RAISE or LOWER push-buttons,
the fault data, for L-FLT may be reviewed. Also, when the fault occurs, the LEDs related to
L-FLT (e.g. ZONE-1 and AG LEDs) ash. LEDs ash, until reset, at a once per second rate
indicating one fault record exists, and at a twice per second rate indicating more than one fault
record exists.
Pressing the SELECT push-button once, will change the MMI display mode to P-FLT and allow
access to the second most recent fault record (Previous Fault). By pressing the RAISE or LOWER
push-buttons, the fault data, for P-FLT may be reviewed.
Pressing the RESET push-button will reset the LED target indicators and cause the display to
return the METER mode. Pressing the RESET push-button does not erase the stored target
data.
28
Fault data capture is initiated by one of the following selections of Flt Data setting:
Trip data captured only if trip action occurs
Zone-2 data captured if Zone-2 logic operates or any trip action occurs
Zone-2, Zone-3 data captured if Zone-2 or Zone-3 logic operates or any trip action occurs
2.4.18.2 Oscillographic Data
REL301/302 systems capture the latest sixteen oscillographic data records in volatile memory.
That is, all records are lost if control power is removed from the system. Oscillographic data
records can only be accessed via the communications port(s).
Oscillographic data records consist of 8 cycles of 8 analog quantities and 24 digital quantities
taken at a frequency of eight samples/cycle. The 8 cycles of information is comprised of one
cycle of pre-trigger and 7-cycles of post-trigger data.
When the data is retrieved, using RCP, it can be displayed in its ASCII tabular form and saved
as a le for display at a later time. The le can also be used for graphical display of the users
design or by using the Oscillographic Capture and Recording (OSCAR) software.
Oscillographic data is initiated by one of the following selections in the OSC Data:
Trip data taken only if trip action occurs
Zone-2 data taken if Zone-2 units pick up or any trip action occurs
Zone-2, Zone-3 data taken if Zone-2 or Zone-3 units pick up, or any trip action occurs.
dV or dI data taken if DI, DV, Zone-2 or Zone-3 units pick up, or any trip action
occurs
NOTE: See Section 2.4.10 for DV D I definition.
2. 5. REL302 PILOT SYSTEM
NOTE: The external Pilot Enable Switch (PLT ENA) must have voltage applied in conjunc-
tion with the Pilot setting set to Yes to enable the pilot system.
2.5.1 Pilot System Type
As mentioned in Section 2.3.4, choice of system type is controlled by the setting Syst Type.
Both the REL301/302 have system type selection settings as shown below:
Non Pilot 3 zone distance (REL301 and REL302)
Zone-1 Extension (REL301 and REL302)
POTT Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip/Simplified Unblocking
(REL302 only)
PUTT Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (REL302 only)
Blocking Directional Comparison Blocking (REL302 only)
The following settings are recommended for POTT and BLOCKING systems:
40-386.1
29
Osc Data Zone-2, Zone-3
Flt Data Trip
FDOGTime 3 cycles or longer
Pilot & Pilot G 150% overreach the next bus
Zone-1 & Zone-1G 80% of the protected line
Zone-3 & Zone-3G 100% of the reversed line
Zone-3 Reverse Dir. (required setting)
2.5.1.1 Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip/Simplified Unblocking (Figures 2-20, 2-21, 2-22)
If the system type setting Syst Type is set to POTT, REL302 will perform either the POTT
scheme or the Simplied Unblocking scheme, depending on the applied pilot channel.
The basic operating concepts of a POTT scheme are:
1) Pilot distance measurement units PLTP and PLTG (Pilot and Pilot G) are set to
overreach the next bus.
2) Pilot channel is a frequency shift type device; its signal may be through either metallic wire,
leased telephone circuits, power line carrier, microwave or fiber optic channels.
3) Transmitter frequency should be different at each terminal: channel is normally operated
on a guard frequency; and the channel frequency will be shifted from guard to trip when the
pilot relay(s) are operated; and pilot trip is performed when the pilot relay(s) operate and a
pilot trip frequency signal from the remote end is received.
The basic operating concepts of a Simplied Unblocking scheme are the same as the POTT
scheme, except for differences in applied pilot channel equipment. In an unblocking scheme, the
pilot channel is a frequency-shift type power line carrier. The transmitter frequency must be dif-
ferent at each terminal. It is normally operated on a blocking frequency and will be shifted to an
unblocking frequency when the pilot relay(s) operate. The carrier receiver should provide logic
for which, in the event of loss-of-channel or low SNR ratio, the pilot trip circuit is automatically
locked out after a short time delay. Pilot trip is provided, however, if the tripping distance relay(s)
operate during this short time period between loss-of-channel and pilot trip lockout. Pulsar
Technologies Inc. type TCF-10B Power Line Carrier receiver provides this logic; it provides a
150 ms trip window, then automatic lockout after loss-of-channel. Provision for a second
high-speed pilot trip is provided, for the situation when a permanent fault causes a permanent
loss-of-channel and the breaker closes onto the fault.
The operating concepts of the pilot distance measurement units PLTP and PLTG are the same
as for the non-pilot zone distance measurement units, and are supervised by the same LOPBS,
OSB, IOM, FDOP, and FDOG units, as shown in Figure 2-20. The pilot phase and/or pilot
ground function(s) can be disabled by setting the Pilot and/or Pilot G to Disabled.
The POTT and Simplied Unblocking schemes include the following types of logic:
a. Tripping logic (Figure 2-21)
1) For a forward external fault, the local pilot distance measurement units PLTP or PLTG de-
tect the fault, operates and keys the pilot channel. The output from OR 40 will satisfy the
first input to AND 30. Assuming that TBM (POTT) does not operate and PILOT ENABLE
(see Figures 2-21 and 2-31 for definition) is set, then three out of four inputs of AND 30
30
are satisfied, but pilot trip cannot occur since the remote transmitter is still sending a guard
(or blocking frequency) signal. CR input to AND 30 is not satisfied.
2) For an internal fault, the pilot relays at both ends PLTP or PLTG, or the zone-1 relays Z1P
or Z1G, detect the internal fault and operate and together with the received trip (or unblock-
ing frequency) signal CR, via AND 44 (Figure 2-22), satisfy AND 30 (Figure 2-21). PT
(Pilot Trip) output of AND 30, will cause high speed tripping via OR 2 (Figure 2-5). Targets
of pilot phase trip or pilot ground trip will result after the breaker trips (TRSL).
b. Carrier Keying Logic (Figure 2-22)
1) Forward Fault Keying
For a forward internal or external fault, the local pilot relays PLTP or PLTG, or the zone-1
relays Z1P or Z1G, detect the fault operates OR 40 or OR 25, and causes pilot channel
SEND reed relay to operate, via AND 35, if PILOT ENABLE is set. Operation of the SEND
relay will key the local transmitter, shift the transmitting frequency from guard to trip (or from
a blocking to an unblocking), which allow the remote pilot relay system to trip.
2) Echo Keying
Since the POTT and the Simplified Unblocking schemes require the receiving of a permis-
sive signal from the remote end, for pilot trip, provision is made for the condition when the
remote breaker is opened.
When the breaker is opened, three of the inputs of AND 34B (Figure 2-22) are satisfied by
the NOT FORWARD (from OR 14), NOT REVERSE (from POTT-TBM) and 52b. Channel
receive from either RCVR-1 (2 terminal system configuration) or RCVR-1 and RCVR-2 (3
terminal system configuration, Figure 2-28) will produce an output from AND 34B (ECHO)
which will cause a SEND signal via OR 18. This echo keying will be continue for 150 milli-
second or less if any inputs to AND 34B change state (e.g. receive input stops).
3) Signal Continuation
This logic includes an input from the TRSL signal and a 0/150 millisecond (ms) timer. The
0/150 ms signal continuation time is required to keep the local transmitter at the trip fre-
quency (or unblock frequency) for 150 ms after the local end high speed trips which in-
cludes pilot trip, zone-1 trip, and high-set overcurrent trip, in case of sequential trip on the
system. This logic will be disabled by a time delay trip (TDT) for 300 ms after the trip deci-
sion (AND 34A), and will be blocked from operation by close into fault trip (CIF, AND 49A).
c. Carrier Receiving Logic (Figure 2-22 and 2-28)
This logic includes RCVR-1 input, OR 15, AND 63 and AND 44, for 2 terminal system configu-
ration. RCVR-2 input is through OR 21 from AND 63A (Figure 2-28) for 3 terminal system con-
figuration. Output trip (or unblocking) frequency signal from the channel receiver operates the
logic and produces a channel receive (CR) signal.
d. Channel Indicators (Figure 2-22)
The target indicating channel send Car Send, will be stored after the send decision has been
made and the breaker trips. The target indicating a receive operation, Rx Ch1 will be stored
after the breaker trips and a carrier trip signal is received from the receiver.
e. Reverse (Transient) Block and Unblock Logic (TBM, Figure 2-16)
40-386.1
31
For a loop system or a parallel line application, power reversal may introduce problems for a pilot
relay system especially when a 3-terminal line is involved, since the pilot distance units may
have to be set greater than 150% of the line impedance in order to accommodate the infeed ef-
fect from the tapped terminal. Pilot distance units may operate for an external fault on the parallel
line when the third source is out of service. The TBM block and unblock logic solves this prob-
lem.
There are some other typical cases of the protected line being tripped by a ground directional
relay upon clearing of a fault in the adjacent (but not parallel) line. When the adjacent line break-
er trips, it interrupts the current in the faulted phase as well as the load current in the unfaulted
phases. Dependent on the direction of this load current, and the contact asymmetry of the
breaker, there can be a short pulse of load-derived I
o
with possible tripping direction polarity,
which provides an electrical forward-torque to the ground directional relay. Therefore, it is de-
sired to increase TBM security by adding the transient block timer (0/50) logic. This security is
included automatically for POTT schemes. Note for the TBM logic to function correctly:
Zone-3 must be set in the reverse direction (Zone-3 set to Reverse Dir.), zone-3 phase
(Zone-3 ) and zone-3 ground (Zone-3 G) distance, should be set to 100% of the re-
verse line impedance.
f. Channel Simulation (Figure 2-22)
The MMI TEST mode provides the capability to simulate the SEND (SEND) logic for keying
action without the operation of pilot relay units. Also receiver inputs 1 (Rx1) and 2 (Rx2,
Figure 2-28) can simulate receiving of a permissive trip or unblocking frequency signal without
the operation of the remote transmitter. Receiving of both channels can be simulated if Rx1,
Rx2 is selected. See Section 5.2 for details.
g. Programmable Reclosing Initiation (Figure 2-18)
The basic programmable reclose initiation application is as described in Section 2.4.14. How-
ever, on pilot systems, to activate the reclose initiate output RI2, for any high-speed trip, the EXT.
PILOT ENABLE SW. (Figure 2-18) must be satised, and the setting FAST RI should be set
to Pilot/Z1/Inst I. The operation will occur via the logic AND 89, AND 84 as shown in Figure
2-18.
2.5.1.2 Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (Figure 2-23)
If a permissive underreaching transfer trip (PUTT) system is desired, the system type setting
Syst Type, is set to PUTT. Basic operating concepts of a PUTT scheme are:
overreach. The pilot channel is a frequency-shift type device, and the transmitter frequency
is different at each terminal.
2) The pilot channel is normally operated with a guard frequency, the channel frequency will
be shifted from guard to trip when the zone-1 distance measurement units Z1P or Z1G op-
erate, and pilot trip is performed when the pilot relay PLTP or PLTG operates, together with
the receiving of a carrier trip signal from the remote end.
PUTT includes the following logic:
a. Pilot Tripping Logic
32
The Pilot Tripping Logic for the PUTT scheme is the same as for the POTT scheme (Figures
2-20, 2-21).
b. Carrier Keying Logic
1) Forward fault keying (Figure 2-23)
For a forward end zone fault, the PUTT scheme will not key except when the internal fault
is within the zone-1 reach. This means that the PUTT scheme keys only on Zone-1 faults.
Keying is via AND 46, AND 33, OR 18 and AND 35.
2) Signal continuation (Figure 2-23)
Same as for POTT scheme.
The TBM logic is not required because the carrier keying units are set to underreach.
NOTE: For open breaker condition, the echo keying will not work due to lack of the
SEND signal from the remote terminal for an end zone fault. The remote termi-
nal relies on Zone-2 to clear the fault.
c. Programmable Reclosing Initiation (Figure 2-18)
d. Carrier Receiving Logic (Figure 2-29)
Same as for POTT scheme except as shown.
e. Channel Indicators (Figure 2-22)
Same as for POTT scheme except recorded as PUTT.
2.5.1.3 Directional Comparison Blocking (Figure 2-24)
If a directional comparison blocking (Blocking) system is desired, the system type setting Syst
Type, is set to Blocking. Refer to Section 2.5.1 for other recommended settings for Blocking
systems. Basic operating concepts of a Blocking system are:
overreach the and the zone-3 distance measurement units Z3P/Z3G (Zone-3 /Zone-3
G) must be set in the reverse direction to detect reverse external faults for carrier start and
Reverse Block Logic (TBM).
2) Pilot channel is an ON-OFF type power line carrier. Transmitter frequency at each termi-
nal can be the same. Channel is normally OFF until a disturbance is detected (DV, DI) which
will cause a SEND output for a minimum of 65 milliseconds via AND 50. Continued sending
will occur as the result of any reverse logic operating via OR 41 and continuation for 50 mil-
liseconds after the reverse logic resets.
3) Pilot tripping is performed when pilot distance measurement units operate and a carrier
blocking signal is not received.
The Blocking system, as shown in Figure 2-24, includes the following logic:
a. Tripping Logic (Figure 2-24)
1) For a forward internal fault, the local pilot distance measurement units PLTP or PLTG de-
tect the fault and which causes an output from OR 40 stopping the channel send circuit (DI,
DV starts the carrier before the distance measurement units operate), via OR 16, SQ timer
(0/150 ms) and AND 50. (The receiver receives the signal from both local and remote trans-
40-386.1
33
mitters.) At the same time, output of OR 40 will satisfy one input of AND 48 and also starts
the Channel Coordination Timer (BLKT). (See Section 3.2.7e for BLKT setting.) After the
preset time of the channel coordination timer, logic AND 47 will satisfy AND 48, if there is
no received carrier signal from either remote or local, and if the local transient block is not
set (0/50 timer input to AND 51). If PILOT ENABLE (Figure 2-21) and AND 48 are satisfied,
AND 52 will produce pilot trip. Pilot trip target would be recorded the same as for POTT.
2) For a forward external fault, the local pilot distance measurement units PLTP or PLTG de-
tects the fault and operates in the same manner as for a forward internal faults. However,
at the remote terminal, the carriers units DI/DV/ Reverse Z3P/Z3G/RDOG also detect this
external fault and operates the SEND relay, which keys the carrier transmitter, sending the
blocking signal to the remote terminal(s) via OR 41, AND 51, OR 18, and AND 35. The local
receiver receives the blocking signal, disables the output of AND 47; and prevents pilot trip-
ping.
3) A timer 50/8 and OR47 are added between the RCVR and AND47. This logic is to over-
come the fact that the receiver (RCVR) input may drop out momentarily due to the external
fault clearing noises.
b. Carrier Keying Logic
1) Reverse fault keying (Figure 2-24)
2) For a reverse fault, the DI and DV will operate and begin transmitting the blocking signal
and if local reverse looking measurements units, Reverse Z3P/Z3G or RDOG detects the
fault, operation of the Send relay, continues sending the blocking signal to the remote ter-
minal(s).
NOTE: The use of DI and DV for carrier start provides more security to the blocking
scheme by starting carrier in approximately 4-6 milliseconds.
3) This SEND circuit includes logic AND 173, OR 41, AND 51, AND 50, OR 18 and AND 35.
The logic of OR 222A and the 32/0 ms timer circuit is to stop the internal fault SEND on a
weakfeed terminal condition.
4) Since the present keying practice on carrier systems use either the contact open (negative
or positive removal keying) or contact close (positive keying) approach, a form-C dry con-
tact output for SEND is provided in REL302.
5) Signal continuation and TBM logic
For a reverse fault, both the local carrier start relay(s) and the remote pilot relay(s) detect
the fault and operate. The local carrier start relay(s) start the carrier and send a blocking
signal to block the remote pilot relay from tripping. After the fault is cleared by the external
breaker, the remote breaker may have a tendency to trip falsely if the carrier start unit re-
sets faster than the pilot trip unit. The 0/50 ms timer between the AND 41D and AND 51
continues the SEND signal for 50 ms after the carrier start units have been reset. This logic
also provides transient block and unblock (TBM) effect for power reversal on parallel line
applications.
The subsequent out-of-step condition, as described in Section 2.4.17.1, may cause the re-
verse looking units to fail to operate on external faults, and introduce false pilot tripping at
the remote terminal(s). Additional logic has been added to the design which includes OR
41C, 32/0 ms timer, AND 41B and OR 41 to prevent false tripping. It utilizes the not FDOP
(or FDOG) and LV condition (LV units can be set between 40 and 60 volts) to initiate the
TBM circuit; and sends a blocking signal to the remote terminal(s). Setting OS Block to
YES supervises AND 41B when this additional logic is required.
34
6) Internal fault preference and squelch
On a close-in fault, the carrier start logic may operate and start the transmitter. This oper-
ation may block the system from pilot tripping. The negating signal from OR 16 to AND 50
will provide an internal fault preference feature to prevent this problem. The squelch 0/150
millisecond timer is required for improving the problem if the local breaker tripped faster
than the remote breaker on an internal fault. The logic prevents SEND from operating for
150 ms after any high speed tripping, including pilot trip, zone-1 trip and instantaneous
overcurrent trip.
c. Channel Receiving Logic (Figure 2-24)
Channel receive signal, from the receiver output, will be directly applied to AND 47 to disable
the pilot tripping function.
d. Channel Indication (not shown in Figure 2-24)
Since the carrier channel turns ON for external faults only, the channel indicators for send and
receive will not be recorded.
e. Channel Simulation
f. Programmable Reclosing Initiation (Figure 2-18)
2.5.2 Pilot Ground Overcurrent
Pilot Ground Overcurrent Supplement is added for high resistance faults and improves security
on POTT/unblocking schemes on some special power system conditions, such as shown in Fig-
ure 2-25. A G fault is on the paralleled line section. Due to the system condition, fault current
owing in the protected line would be I1+I2 from A to B, and Io from B to A. The operation of
pilot distance relays would be a phase relay at A and a ground relay at B. The result would be
erroneous directional comparison of an external fault as an internal one. The POTT/unblocking
scheme will incorrectly trip the protected line.
REL302 POTT/Unblocking pilot ground unit is supervised by the reverse-looking ground unit
RDOG as shown in Figure 2-31 (REVERSE BLOCK LOGIC). At terminal A, the RDOG disables
the PILOT KEY and PILOT TRIP functions via AND 35 and AND 30. Terminal B will not receive
a signal for permissive trip since none is sent. The reverse-block logic also provides the conven-
tional TBM feature to prevent false operation on power reversal. It should be noted that a
BLOCK-THE-BLOCK logic is also included in the circuit, as shown in Figure 2-31. The
BLOCK-THE-BLOCK logic is to prevent the REVERSE BLOCK LOGIC from over-blocking. If the
breaker is unequal-pole closing on a G fault, say pole-A, pole B and C close at a later time
(see Figure 2-26). If, due to breaker contact asymmetry, the rst breaker contact to close is the
one of the faulted-phase, the zero-sequence (or negative sequence) polarizing voltage will ini-
tially have a polarity opposite to its fault-derived polarity. Reverse looking ground unit could
pick-up, start the reverse block logic and maintain it for 50 ms causing the correct tripping to be
delayed. The BLOCK-THE-BLOCK logic prevents this delay. The Reverse Block Logic also in-
cludes the reverse looking Zone-3 /Zone-3 G (Z3P/Z3G) logic as shown in Figure 2-31.
40-386.1
35
2.5.3 High Resistance Ground Fault Supplement (Figure 2-27)
Supplemental protection is provided on overreaching pilot systems to detect high resistance
ground faults. The instantaneous forward directional overcurrent ground function FDOG works
in conjunction with the pilot ground distance unit. The FDOG directional unit operation is deter-
mined by the setting of Dir Type. Refer to Section 2.4.12 for the setting of Dir Type. FDOG
is supervised by the Iom setting. A coordination timer FDOGTime (FDGT) is provided to
allow preference for pilot ground distance unit operation. The delay time can be set from 0 to 15
cycles in 1 cycle steps. It is recommended to set the FDOGTime to 3 cycles or longer due to
the sensitivity of FDOG.
2.5.4 Instantaneous Reverse Directional Overcurrent Ground
Similar to FDOG, the instantaneous reverse directional overcurrent ground function RDOG sup-
plements the pilot zone logic.
2.5.4.1 Supplement to Carrier Ground Start, Blocking Scheme
In the blocking system, RDOG, supervised by IOS, provides additional ground fault detection
(high resistance) beyond what is available by Z3G (reverse looking) for carrier start.
2.5.4.2 Pilot Ground Start, POTT
In the POTT/UNBLOCK systems, RDOG supervises PLTG and prevents keying or tripping on
reverse faults.
2.5.5 3-terminal Line Application
For Blocking 3-terminal line applications, since the frequency of the 3 transmitters are the same,
any one transmitter starting will block the pilot system from tripping, therefore, logic for the 3-ter-
minal pilot system would be the same as that used for the 2-terminal system. However, for
POTT/Unblock and PUTT systems, since the transmitter frequencies are different at each ter-
minal, logic for the second receiver (RCVR-2) is added to the system when the application in-
volves 3-terminal lines. Setting 3-Term. should be set to YES when a 3-terminal line system
is required.
a. Additional Logic For POTT and Simplified Unblocking (Figure 2-28)
This logic includes a contact converter (CC) for RCVR-2, AND 55, and logic for the second
receiver indication (not shown). Voltage applied to RCVR-2 operates the contact converter
and produces the channel receive signal (CR) from AND 63A via AND 55 and AND 64
which allows pilot tripping (Figure 2-22, OR 21).
b. Additional Logic for PUTT (Figure 2-29)
The additional logic for PUTT is similar to that described for POTT scheme, except logic
includes AND 56, AND 57 and 50/0 millisecond timer. Since Zone-1 reach dictates trans-
mitting of the permissive signal, the fault could possibly be detected by only one remote
terminal. For a close-in Zone-1 fault, only the local terminal can key its transmitter and the
other two may not. This logic provides a CR pilot trip signal for 50 ms for, system security,
if either channel is received. For a fault which is detected by relays at both remote terminals,
AND 55 logic will not be satisfied, then channel (CR) will be performed via the logic which
allows pilot tripping (Figure 2-22, OR 21).
36
2.5.6 Weakfeed Trip Application
a. Block/Weakfeed
Special logic for a weakfeed terminal is not required for Blocking systems since Blocking
systems requires no permissive trip signal from the remote end, even though the remote
end is a weakfeed terminal. The strong end has no problem tripping for an internal fault.
The weak end is usually assumed either as a no feed source, for which it does not need
to trip on an internal fault, or it can pilot trip sequentially.
NOTE: For the case of OS Block is set to YES, Weakfeed should be set to YES if this
terminal can become a weak terminal (e.g. certain system configurations). Refer
to Figure 2-24, logic AND 41B and OR 41C.
b. PUTT/Weakfeed
The logic for a weakfeed terminal is not required for the PUTT system. Because the PUTT
system uses underreaching relay(s) only for pilot trip keying, it is not necessary to apply
weakfeed logic.
c. POTT/ Weakfeed
For POTT and unblocking schemes, at the weak source terminal, the Zone-3 /Z3G dis-
tance relays should be set for reverse-looking, and the undervoltage units (LVA, LVB, LVC)
should be used. The basic operating principle of the weakfeed trip logic for the POTT and
simplified unblocking scheme is as follows:
1) Echo key for trip permission (Figure 2-30)
On internal faults, the strong terminal(s) send the permissive (or unblocking) frequency sig-
nal to the weak terminal, and the strong terminal(s) pilot trip logic will trip, once echo trip
permission is received from the weak terminal. The pilot trip relay(s) at the weak terminal
cannot operate since there is insufficient fault energy, and does not perform the normal key-
ing function. With one weakfeed condition, when the weak end receives a permissive (or
unblocking) signal, the output from the receiver operates the echo key logic via AND 65A,
providing both pilot relay (from OR 40) and reverse logic (from REVERSE BLOCK LOGIC)
have not operated and if system disturbance is detected (DV orDI). Output of AND 65A will
key the weak terminal transmitter to the permissive (or unblocking) frequency via OR 18,
AND 35. On weak end reverse external fault, the strong source terminal(s) send the per-
missive (or unblocking) frequency signal to the weak end, and the strong source terminal(s)
pilot trip relay(s) wait to receive the echo trip permission from the weak end. However, at
the weak end, the echo key logic AND 65A will not operate, because of the REVERSE
BLOCK LOGIC operation. Both the strong/weak terminals will not trip on this external fault.
2) Weak end trip on internal fault (Figure 2-30)
The output of AND 65A (echo keying) together with no output from OR 40 (pilot trip relays),
no output from the REVERSE BLOCK LOGIC and with output from OR 44 (low voltage con-
dition) will satisfy AND 66. Weakfeed trip (a high speed trip) will occur after 50 ms via OR
2 (Figure 2-5). The time delay is for coordination because the voltage trip units are non-di-
rectional.
2.5.6.1 Weakfeed System Application
For weakfeed applications, an inherent part of the logic requires reverse fault detection; Zone-3
/Zone-3 G and RDOG, which are a part of the REVERSE BLOCK LOGIC, supply this require-
ment.
40-386.1
37
2.5.7 Reclose Block on Breaker Failure Squelch
For a pilot system, the BFI signal can be used to stop (for a blocking system) or start (for per-
missive schemes) the carrier channel and allow the remote terminal to trip should the local
breaker fail to trip. The problem is how to inhibit the remote terminal from reclosing.
REL301/302 solves this problem by the with the RemBF RB squelch logic in the reclosing initi-
ation logic. The logic, as shown in Figure 2-18, includes AND 61A and a 132/0 millisecond tim-
er.
If the RemBF RB is set to Yes the logic will initiate reclose block (RB) 132 ms after the fault
is detected by DV or DI, assuming the pilot is enabled and the TRSL signal is received on any
pilot trip operation.
2. 6. PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS
Most of the functions described in this section can be directed (single or combined) to the pro-
grammable contact outputs. Refer to Section 4.10 for further details.
38
9651A57
Sub 3
Figure 2-1: REL301/302 Characteristics/R-X Diagram
9654A13
Sub 2
Figure 2-2: Mho Characteristic for Phase-to-Ground Faults
40-386.1
39
9654A14
Sub 1
Sub 1
9654A15
Figure 2-3: Mho Characteristics for Three-Phase Faults (No Load Flow)
Figure 2-4: Mho Characteristics for Phase-to-Phase and Two Phase-to-Ground Faults (No Load Flow)
40
AND
AND
INPUTS
A
B
OUTPUT
INPUTS
OUTPUT
A B
0
0
I
I
0
I
0
I
0
0
0
I
A B
ELECTROMECHANICAL
CONTACT EQUIVALENT
SIGNAL ON ALL INPUTS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE AN OUTPUT
Notes: I Active state of a signal (may be defined as positive or negative voltage or current)
0 Inactive state of a signal (reference)
Can have more than two (2) inputs
OR
INPUTS
A
B
OUTPUT
INPUTS
OUTPUT
A B
0
0
I
I
0
I
0
I
0
I
I
I
ELECTROMECHANICAL
CONTACT EQUIVALENT
SIGNAL INPUT WILL PRODUCE AN OUTPUT
ALL INPUTS PRODUCE AN OUTPUT
A
B
=
=
=
=
=
INCLUSIVE OR
INPUTS
OUTPUT
0
I
I
0
NEGATION (NOT)
INPUT
INPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OR
ABSENCE OF INPUT SIGNAL PRODUCES OUTPUT
TIMERS
INPUT OUTPUT
TP
TD
Input changes to Active State 1 -
Output changes to Active State After
Time Delay On Pickup (TP)
Input Changes to Inactive State 0
(Only After Having Been Active) -
Output Changes to Inactive State After
Time Delay On Dropout
Figure 2-5a: Logic Drawing Symbols
40-386.1
41
9657A49
Sub 2
9657A50
Sub 3
Figure 2-5b: Zone-1 Trip Logic
Figure 2-6: Zone-2 Trip Logic
42
1503B49
Sub 2
9662A64
Sub 1
Figure 2-7: Zone-3 Trip Logic
Figure 2-8: Zone-1 Extension Scheme
40-386.1
43
Figure 2-9: Inverse Time Overcurrent Ground Backup Logic

Figure 2-10: Loss-of-Potential Logic
9665A63
* Sub 1
9665A64
* Sub 1
* Denotes Change
44
Figure 2-11: Loss-of-Potential Logic (System Diagram)
Figure 2-12: Loss of Current Monitoring Logic
9654A18
Sub 1
Sub 2
9657A54
40-386.1
45

Figure 2-13: Overcurrent Supervision
Figure 2-14: Instantaneous Overcurrent Highset Trip Logic
9662A66
Sub 1
9665A65
* Sub 1
* Denotes Change
46
Figure 2-15a: REL301/302 Close-Into-Fault Trip (CIFT) Logic
Figure 2-15b: Special Application for CIF Logic with Time Delay Pickup
Figure 2-16: Unequal-Pole-Closing/Load Pickup Trip Logic & Reverse Block (TBM) Logic
9657A55
Sub 3
9661A32
Sub 2
9657A56
Sub 2
40-386.1
47
9657A59
Sub 2
Figure 2-17: Load Loss Accelerated Trip Logic
Figure 2-18a: Reclosing Initiation Logic
1503B51
Sub 3
Figure 2-18b: Out-of-Step Block Logic (Blinder Characteristics)
9654A25
Sub 1
48
9657A63
Sub 4
Figure 2-20: REL302 POTT/Unblocking, PUTT and Blocking Pilot Relay
1503B50
Sub 2
Figure 2-19: Out-of-Step Block Logic
40-386.1
49
9662A67
Sub 2
1503B52
Sub 3
Figure 2-21: REL302 POTT/Unblocking and PUTT Pilot Trip Logic
Figure 2-22: REL302 Channel Sending/Receiving Logic in POTT/Unblocking Schemes
50
9657A62
Sub 2
Figure 2-23: REL302 Channel Sending /Receiving Logic in PUTT Scheme
Figure 2-24: REL302 Blocking System Logic
* Denotes Change
1506B53
* Sub 1
40-386.1
51
9654A17
Sub 1
Figure 2-25: Power Reversal on POTT/Unblocking Schemes
Figure 2-26: Unequal Pole Closing on Fault
9654A29
Sub 1
52
9662A68
Sub 1
9657A65
Sub 3
FDOG TRIP
Figure 2-27: REL302 Pilot Ground Trip Supplemented by FDOG
Figure 2-28: REL302 Additional Logic for POTT/Unblocking Schemes on 3-Terminal Line Application
40-386.1
53
9662A69
Sub 1
Figure 2-29: REL302 Additional Logic for PUTT Scheme on 3-Terminal Line Application
Figure 2-30: REL302 Weakfeed Application
* Denotes Change
1503B54
*Sub 4
54
1
5
0
3
B
5
5
S
u
b

3
F
i
g
u
r
e

2
-
3
1
:

R
E
L
3
0
2

R
e
v
e
r
s
i
b
l
e

Z
o
n
e
-
3

P
h
a
s
e

a
n
d

G
r
o
u
n
d

(
R
e
v
e
r
s
e

B
l
o
c
k

L
o
g
i
c
)

I.L. 40-386.1
55
3.1. MEASUREMENT UNITS AND SETTING RANGES
DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS

Three variable mho phase-to-ground units and one variable mho phase-to-phase impedance
unit per zone. Three Zones Phase and Ground Distance (Zone-1, 2, 3):
0.01 - 50 ohms in 0.01 ohm steps for 5 A (ct type)
0.05 - 250 ohms in 0.05 ohm steps for 1 A (ct type)
Any Zone (phase or ground distance) can be disabled
Zone Timers Separate timers for phase and ground:
Zone-1 (0 to 15 cycles in 1 cycle steps)
Zone-2 (0.10 to 2.99 seconds in 0.01 second steps, Blocked of Torque Control Overcurrent)
Zone-3 (0.10 to 9.99 seconds in 0.01 second steps, Blocked)
Forward Directional Ground Timer (FDOGTime) (0 to 15 cycles in 1 cycle steps, Blocked)

OVERCURRENT MEASUREMENTS

One ground directional (

Inst. G

)

1

and one phase directional (

Inst.

) high-set overcur-
rent setting for (I

AH

, I

BH

, I

CH

, I

OH

):
2.0 - 150 in 0.5 A steps for 5 A (ct type)
Three-phase non-directional overcurrent units (I

AL

, I

BL

, I

CL

) for Load Loss Trip and Close-Into
Fault Trip with one setting (

Low I

).
One ground overcurrent unit (

3I0s

) for Loss Of Current monitoring.
Three non-directional medium set overcurrent units (IA

M

, I

BM

, I

CM

) for phase distance super-
vision with one setting (

IM

).
One non-directional medium set ground overcurrent unit (I

0M

) for ground distance supervi-
sion with one setting (

3I0m

).
Three inverse time overcurrent phase units with CO type characteristics (see

Figures 2-32

through

2-38

) for Zone-2 phase torque control, time delay:
Pickup (0.5 - 10.0) in 0.1 A steps for 5 A (ct type).
Choice of 7 time-curve families (CO-2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 Characteristics), 63 curves per family
with instantaneous or time delay reset.
(Pickup (0.1 - 2.0) in 0.02 A steps for 1 A (ct type).)
One inverse time overcurrent ground unit with CO characteristics (see

Figures 2-32

through

2-38

) for Zone-2 ground torque control, time delay:
Choice of 7 time-curve families (CO-2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11 Characteristics), 63 curves per family
with instantaneous or time delay reset.

1. Bold type in quotation marks indicates LCD display quantities

Section 3. SETTING CALCULATIONS

56

One inverse overcurrent ground unit with CO characteristics (see

Figures 2-32

through

2-
38

) for ground backup:
Choice of 7 time-curve families (CO-2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 Characteristics), 63 curves per family
with instantaneous or time delay reset. Set for directional or non-directional operation.
One forward set instantaneous directional overcurrent ground unit. (REL 302 only, Pilot-high
resistance ground faults, supervised by I

OM

).)
One reverse set instantaneous directional overcurrent ground unit. (REL 302 only, Carrier
Start, Weakfeed and Transient Block Logic, supervised by I

OS

.)

UNDERVOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS (Low V)

Three under-voltage units (L

VA

, L

VB

, L

VC

) for Close-Into-Fault and Weakfeed Trip (REL 302
only) supervision with one setting

Low V

.
40 to 60 Vrms in 1 - Volt steps.

OHMS PER UNIT DISTANCE (X / Dist)

For fault locator measurement
0.300 - 1.500 in 0.001 Ohms per Distance Unit (Kilometers or Miles) in primary ohms.

OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK (OS Block)

OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK Override Timer (

OSOT

)
400 - 4000 ms in 16 ms steps
OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK Inner Blinder (

OS Inner

)
1.0 - 15.0 Ohms in 0.1 Ohm steps

NOTE: The inner blinder (RT) is a required setting since it is used as a load re-
striction blinder even when OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK is not used.

OUT-OF-STEP BLOCK Outer Blinder (

OS Outer

)
3.0 - 15.0 Ohms in 0.1 Ohm steps

3.2. CALCULATION OF REL 301/302 SETTINGS

The following REL 301/302 setting calculations correspond to the setting categories in the In-
stallation Section (4). Assume that the protected line has the following data:
18.27 miles
Line reactance 0.8 ohms/mile (primary ohms)
69 kV, 60 cycles
Positive and negative sequence impedances:
ZIL (Pri) = Z2L (Pri) = 15

77

o

ohms
Zero sequence impedance:
Z0L (Pri) = 50

73

o

ohms

I.L. 40-386.1
57

Current Transformer Ratio: (ct Ratio)
RC = 1200/5 = 240 (set ct ratio = 240)
Voltage Transformer Ratio: (vt Ratio)

RV = 600/1 = 600 (set vt ratio = 600)
Relay secondary ohmic impedances are:
Z = Z

pri

x R

C

/R

V

Z1L = Z2L = 15

77 X 240
____

600
= 6

77 ohms
Z

0L

= 50

73

x 240/600 = 20

73

ohms

3.2.1 Ratio of Zero and Positive Sequence Impedances (ZR)

Z

0L

/Z

1L

= 20/6 = 3.33
Then REL 301/302 will automatically calculate the zero sequence current compensation factor
(k

0

) by using the value of

Z
0L
/Z
1L

,

Ang Pos., Ang Zero

and reference to equation 1 in

Section 2.2.1

i.e.,

NOTE: The setting range of ZOL/ZIL has been expanded from 0.1 - 7.0 to 0.1 - 10 in 0.1
steps. Also the setting ranges of Ang Pos. (Positive sequence line impedance
angle) and Ang Zero (Zero sequence line impedance angle) have been expand-
ed from 40

-90

to 10

-90

as well. These changes were made to accommodate
a wide variety of system components and configurations. However, the selec-
tion of each setting has to be carefully considered if the maximum fault current
is 200 Amperes (secondary or above).
If the maximum fault current is 200 Amperes (secondary) the following restric-
tions must be observed:
ZOL/ZIL less than or equal to 7.5
The setting difference of |Ang Pos| - |Ang Zero| = 50 or less
If the maximum fault current is less than 200 Amperes (secondary) these re-
strictions do not apply.
3.2.2 Zone-1 Distance Settings

A setting of 80% of the line impedance for Zone-1 reach is recommended, thus the Zone-1
phase and ground reach should be

Zone-1

= 6 x 0.8 =

4.8 OHMS

and

Zone-1 G

= 6 x 0.8 =

4.8 OHMS
NOTE: Zone-1 and Zone-1 G can be set for different values if the application
requires.

As stated above, start with a setting of 80% of the line impedance for the Zone-1 reach setting.
Adjustment of the Zone-1 reach (line percentage) should be considered if any of the following
are true:
k
0
= Z
0L
Z
1L
( )/Z
1L
Z
OL
Z
1L
( ) (AngZero AngPos ) 1 =

58

1) If the calculated Zone-1 impedance is 0.5 ohms (secondary) or less the line percentage,
used for the calculation, should be 70-75%.
2) If the Source Impedance Ratio or SIR, (ratio of positive sequence source impedance to
positive sequence line impedance) is in the range of 3-5 the line percentage, used for the
calculation, should be no more than 75%.
3) Circuit fault impedance angles in the range of 80 degrees produce dc time constant of
about one cycle. One cycle time constants result in maximum overreach error of about
16%. Hence the line percentage used should be no more than 70 - 75%. If the total fault
impedance angle is greater than 86 degrees, the dc time constant is greater than 2.3 cy-
cles, and the overreach error is reduced to 10 percent or less. The same is true if the fault
impedance angle is less than 75 degrees. If system fault impedance angles are known
to be either above 86 degrees or below 75 degrees, the line percentage, used for the
Zone-1 calculation, can be increased by 5 percent.(All angles are based on 60 Hz sys-
tems.) See figure 3-1.

NOTE: The fault impedance angle is fixed and is a measurement of the line char-
acteristic, therefore the fault impedance angle is the angle of current look-
ing from the relay into the fault.

4) If CCVTs, of the low-capacitance type, (e.g. 1960s vintage PCA-5 and PCA-8 designs)
are in use, the line percentage, used for the Zone-1 calculation, should be 70-75%. Se-
vere subsidence-transient related overreach has been noted in cases where low-capac-
itance CCVTs are used in short line applications. An alternative to reducing the Zone-
1 setting, is to introduce a Zone-1 time delay (T1) of one or two cycles and using the 80
percent Zone-1 reach calculation.


Generally, Zone-2 reach is set for 100% of the protected line plus 50% of the shortest adjacent
line. If the shortest (or only) adjacent line primary impedance is 20 ohms, then the Zone-2 reach
setting would be:

Zone-2

= 6 + (20 x 0.5) x 240/600 =

10 OHMS

and

Zone-2 G

= 6 + (20 x 0.5) x 240/600 =

10 OHMS
NOTE: Zone-2 and Zone-2 G can be set for different values if the application
requires.

Generally, Zone-3 reach is set for 100% of the protected line plus 100% of the longest adjacent
line emanating from the remote bus, while accounting for the infeed from the same remote bus.
If the longest (or only) adjacent line from the remote bus is 25 ohms primary, and the infeed ef-
fect may increase its impedance by 30%, then the Zone-3 reach setting should be:

Zone-3

= 6 + (25 x 1.3) x 240/600 =

19 OHMS

and

Zone-3 G

= 6 + (25 x 1.3) x 240/600 =

19 OHMS

I.L. 40-386.1
59
3.2.5 Overcurrent Settings

a. IL Low-set Phase Overcurrent. The low set phase overcurrent unit is used for supervising
the load-loss-trip and close into fault functions. It should be set higher than the line charging
current and below the minimum load current.

NOTE: It should be set above the maximum tapped load current if applicable.

Assume that the line charging current is negligible for this line section and the minimum
load current is 2.0 Amps secondary, then the low set phase overcurrent unit setting should
be:

Low I

=

1 Amps

b. IM Medium-set Phase Overcurrent. The medium set phase overcurrent unit is used for
supervising the out of step blocking function and all phase distance tripping functions. Care
in selecting the medium set phase overcurrent setting (

IM

) must be exercised to prevent
limiting the Zone-3 distance reach. Traditionally,

IM

is set higher than load current when-
ever possible.
In general, the criteria for setting medium set phase overcurrent is 1.13 X Maximum load cur-
rent. Assume maximum load current is 4.0 amps secondary then:

IM

= 4.0 Amps X 1.13 =

4.5 Amps

(approximately)
The setting should be reviewed to assure it does not limit the reach of zone-3.
c. IOS Low-set Ground Overcurrent. The low-set ground overcurrent unit is used for super-
vising the reverse directional overcurrent ground unit (RDOG). It should be set as sensitive
as possible. A setting of 0.5 amperes is recommended:

3I0s

=

0.5 Amps

d. IOM Medium-set Ground Overcurrent. The medium set ground overcurrent unit is used
for supervising all ground distance units, the forward directional overcurrent ground unit
(FDOG). Generally, it is recommended to be set 2 times the 3I0s setting.

3I0m

= 2 x

3I0s

=

1.0 Amps

e. ITP High-set Phase Overcurrent / ITG High-set Ground Overcurrent. The directional high
set overcurrent phase and ground units,

Inst.

and

Inst. G

are used for direct tripping
functions. The general setting criterion for the instantaneous direct trip unit is:
The unit should be set higher than 1.15 times the maximum fault on the remote bus, where
the factor of 1.15 is to allow for the transient overreach. For this example, assume that the
maximum load is not higher than the maximum forward end zone fault current, and the
maximum phase and ground fault currents on the remote bus are 20 and 24 amperes, re-
spectively, then the settings of the high-set phase (ITP) and the high-set ground (ITG)
should be:

Inst.

= 20 x 1.15 = 23 Amps
Inst. G = 24 x 1.15 = 27.6 Amps
60
3.2.6 Out-of-Step Block (OS Block) Blinder Settings (OS Inner and OS Outer)
The requirements for setting the blinder units are:
Inner blinder must be set to accommodate maximum fault resistance for internal 3-phase
fault
Inner blinder should not operate on severe stable swings
Outer blinder must have adequate separation from inner blinder for fastest out-of-step swing
to be acknowledged as an out-of-step condition
Outer blinder must not operate on load
a. Setting the Inner Blinder
If the out of step blocking (OSB) is used to supervise tripping of the 3 unit on heavy load
current, the inner blinder 21BI must be set sufciently far apart to accommodate the maxi-
mum fault arc resistance. A reasonable approximation of arc resistance at fault inception is
400 volts per foot. If a maximum ratio of line voltage per spacing is 10,000 volts/ft. for a
high voltage transmission line, and if a minimum internal 3-phase fault current is calculated
as:
I
min.
= [E / 1.73(Z
A
+Z
L
)]
where Z
A
is maximum equivalent source impedance, Z
L
is line impedance and E is line-to-
line voltage.
then R
max
= 400 x FT / I
min.
= 400 x 1.73(Z
A
+Z
L
)/10000
= 0.0693 (Z
A
+Z
L
)
Adding a 50% margin to cover the inaccuracies of this expression:
R
max.
= 0.104(Z
A
+Z
L
) primary ohms
R
S
= 0.104(Z
A
+Z
L
)R
C
/R
V
secondary ohms
Set inner blinder to:
OS Inner = R
T
= R
S
x COS (90
o
- PANG) (1)
This is the minimum permissible inner blinder setting when it is used to provide a restricted
trip area for a distance relay.
Another criterion that may be considered is based upon the rule of thumb that stable swings
will not involve an angular separation between generator voltages in excess of 120
o
. This
would give an approximate maximum of:
OS Inner = (Z
A
+Z
L
+Z
B
)/ (2x1.73) (2)
= 0.288(Z
A
+Z
L
+Z
B
) primary ohms
OS Inner = 0.288(Z
A
+Z
L
+Z
B
)R
C
/R
V
secondary ohms
where Z
B
is the equivalent maximum source impedance at the end of the line away from Z
A
.
An inner blinder setting between the extremes of equations (1) and (2) may be used. This
provides operation for any 3-phase fault with arc resistance, and restraint for any stable
I.L. 40-386.1
61
swing. Except in those cases where very fast out-of-step swings are expected, the larger
setting can be used.
It will usually be possible to use the minimum inner blinder setting of 1.5 ohms.
b. Setting the Outer Blinder
For slow out-of-step swings, a reasonably close placement of outer to inner blinder charac-
teristic is possible. The separation must, however, be based on the fastest out-of-step swing
expected. A 50 ms interval is inherent in the out-of-step sensing logic, and the outer blinder
must operate 50 ms or more ahead of the inner blinder.
Since the rate of change of the ohmic value manifested to the blinder elements is depen-
dent upon accelerating power and system WR
2
, it is impossible to generalize. However,
based on an inertia constant (H) equal to 3, and the severe assumption of full load rejection,
a machine will experience (assuming a uniform acceleration) an angular change in position
of no more than 20
o
per cycle on the rst half slip cycle.
If the inner blinder were set for (0.144 Z
T)
, and the very severe 20
o
per cycle swing rate
were used, the outer blinder should be set for approximately:
OS Outer = 0.5 Z
T
primary ohms (3)
where
Z
T
= Z
A
+ Z
B
+ Z
L
This is the minimum setting of the outer blinder for a 20
o
per cycle swing rate.
3.2.7 Timer Settings (Denite Time Setting)
a. Zone-1 has an adjustable definite time timer, T1 Timer which is normally set to 0 cy-
cles. The zone-1 timer could be used to delay tripping when coordinating with a slower
operating device at a remote terminal. The timer also can be used to delay tripping for co-
ordination of relay systems at the same terminal when the coordination is with a slower
device.
b. Zone-2 timers, for phase and ground, have two choices of time delay type. Choices are def-
inite time (T2 Type and T2G Type set to Definite Time) or zone-2 torque
controlled, time delay overcurrent (T2 Type and T2G Type set to Torque Control).
Torque control overcurrent time delays will be discussed in Section 3.2.8.
Zone-2 definite time delay (T2 Time and T2G Time) settings should be coordinated
with the Zone-1 and other high-speed trip units on the adjacent line terminals. Coordination
Time Interval of 0.3 to 0.5 seconds is recommended. For example, if T2 Time and
T2G Time of 0.4 seconds is used, then the phase and ground Zone-2 timers should be
set as follows:
T2 Time = 0.4 seconds and
T2G Time = 0.4 seconds
NOTE: T2 Time and T2G Time are separate timers; they can have different time
settings if the application requires.
62
c. Zone-3 timers (T3 Time and T3G Time) settings would be similar to the above. For
example, if T3 of 0.8 seconds is required, then the phase and ground Zone-3 timers should
be set as follows:
T3 Time = 0.8 seconds and
T3G Time = 0.8 seconds
NOTE: T3 Time and T3G Time are separate timers; they can have different time
settings if the application requires.
d. For Out-of-Step Block (OS Block), if applied, the Out-of-Step Block Override Timer Set-
ting (OSOT) is determined by the power system operation. Its range is 400 to 4000 ms,
in 16 ms steps.
e. For the REL 302 blocking system only, the channel coordination timer setting (Blk Time)
is based on the following application criteria:
Blk Time > (Slowest remote carrier start time + channel time + margin) - (the fastest local
21P/21NP pickup time)
Where channel time includes the transmitter and receiver times, and the times which occur
between these devices, e.g., wave propagation, interfacing relays, etc.
For REL 302:
fastest 21P/21NP pickup time = 14 ms
slowest carrier start time = 4 ms
suggested margin time = 2 ms
For example, the REL 302 channel coordination timer should be determined as shown be-
low, if the channel time is 3 ms.
Blk Time = (4 + 3 + 2) - 14 = -5
i.e., set Blk Time = 0
3.2.8 Timer Settings (Torque Control Overcurrent)
Zone-2 timers, for phase and ground, can be set for a timed overcurrent delays. Zone-2 torque
controlled, time delay overcurrent (T2 Type and T2G Type set to Torque Control) pro-
vides access to seven sets of overcurrent curves which are similar to ABB CO curves. Three
settings T2 CV, T2 PkUp and T2 TC must be determined to apply phase torque
controlled overcurrent protection. Similar settings are required for the ground torque controlled
overcurrent protection.
a. T2 CV - Zone-2 phase overcurrent curve family setting. Seven sets (families) of CO
type overcurrent curves are provided and shown in Figures 2-32 through 2-38. As with any
overcurrent function, curve family selection is based on the application and coordination
with other overcurrent devices. Setting the family setting is by choosing CO-2, C0-5, CO-6,
CO-7, C0-8, CO-9 or CO-11. Each of the curve sets offers a choice of reset characteristic
which is explained below.
b. T2 PkUp - Zone-2 phase overcurrent pickup setting. In general, the pickup setting is
set above maximum load current and below maximum phase fault current. For maximum
sensitivity, the pickup should be set as close to maximum load current as possible. Pickup
setting range is 0.50 - 10.00 Amps.
I.L. 40-386.1
63
c. T2 TC - Zone-2 phase overcurrent curve selection setting. This setting can also be re-
ferred to as the time dial setting. As shown in Figures 2-32 through 2-38, T2 TC is
settable in steps of one from 1 to 63. As with any overcurrent function, curve time dial is
based on the application and coordination with other overcurrent devices.
Similarly, three settings T2G CV, T2G PkUp, T2G TC must be determined to apply
ground, torque controlled overcurrent protection. Similar to any overcurrent application, the
same criteria as in a, b, and c above are used to select appropriate settings for ground, torque
controlled overcurrent protection.
The following equations can be used to calculate the trip time for all phase and ground backup
curves
T (sec) = (for I
P
>1.5 x T2 PkUp)
T (sec) = (for 3I
0
>1.5 x T2G PkUp)
T (sec) = (for 1< 3I
P
< 1.5 x T2 PkUp)
T (sec) = (for 1 < 3I
0
< 1.5 xT2G PkUp)
Where:

I
PF
= Applied fault current
3I
0F
= Applied zero sequence fault current
T2 PkUp = Phase pickup current setting (0.50 to 10.0 Amps)
T2 TC = Phase time dial curve setting (1 to 63)
T2G PkUp = Ground pickup current setting (0.50 to 10.0 Amps)
T2G TC = Ground time dial curve setting (1 to 63)
T
0
, K, C, P and R are constants, and are shown in Table 3-1
Torque control of the overcurrent functions is by way of the operation of zone-2 phase and/or
ground distance logic operating. When a zone-2 distance decision is made, the overcurrent log-
ic is enabled and the curve timing begins. Operation time of the zone-2 distance (phase or
ground) decision must be added to the overcurrent trip time calculated above. Since zone-2 op-
erate time is approximately 22 milliseconds, add 22 milliseconds to the times calculated for total
trip time.
T
0
K
I
P
C ( )
P
------------------------ +
T2f TC
24 000 ,
---------------------
T
0
K
3I
0
C ( )
P
--------------------------- +
T2GTC
24 000 ,
---------------------
R
I
P
1 ( )
-------------------
T2f TC
24 000 ,
---------------------
R
3I
0
1 ( )
----------------------
GBT Curve
24 000 ,
--------------------------------
I
P
I
PF
T2 PkUp
------------------------------ =
3I
0
3I
oF
T2G PkUp
----------------------------- =
64
REL 301/302 offers two reset characteristics for the torque control overcurrent functions, instan-
taneous or time delayed. Instantaneous reset, as the name implies, means reset with no inten-
tional time delay. Time delay reset function is a linear characteristic shown in Figure 3-9 and is
intended to replicate the reset characteristics of electromechanical overcurrent relays.
3.3. REQUIRED SETTINGS APPLICATION
The following settings are determined by the application. They do not require calculation.
3.3.1 Oscillographic Data (OSC Data) Capture Setting
The OSC setting is for selecting one of the 4 choices, TRIP, Z2TR, Z2Z3 or DIDV, to
initiate the oscillographic data taken, where:
TRIP data taken only if trip action occurs.
Z2TR data taken if Zone-2 units pick up, or any trip action occurs.
Z2Z3 data taken if Zone-2 or Zone-3 units pick up, or any trip action occurs.
DIDV data taken if DI, DV, Zone-2 or Zone-3 units pick up, or any trip action occurs.
NOTE: The setting of DIDV, for OSC is not recommended since data will be col-
lected for all disturbances including normal operations.
3.3.2 Fault Data (Flt Data) Capture Setting
Is for selecting one of the 3 ways TRIP, Z2TR, Z2Z3 to initiate the fault data taken, where:
TRIP to store fault data only if trip action occurs.
Z2TR to store fault data if Zone-2 units pick up or any trip action occurs.
Z2Z3 to store fault data if Zone-2 or Zone-3 units pick up or any trip action occurs.
3.3.3 Current Transformer Ratio Setting (CT Ratio)
The CT Ratio is used for the fault distance calculation and load current monitoring, if it is se-
lected to be displayed in primary amperes. It has no effect on the protective relaying system.
For this example, set CT Ratio = 240.
3.3.4 Voltage Transformer Ratio Setting (VT Ratio)
The VT Ratio is used for the fault distance calculation and system voltage monitoring, if it is
selected to be displayed in primary volts. It has no effect on the protective relaying system.
For this example, set VT Ratio = 600.
3.3.5 Frequency Setting (Freq.)
Should be selected to match the power system operating frequency.
For this example, set Freq. = 60
I.L. 40-386.1
65
3.3.6 Current Transformer Type Setting (CT Type)
Provides the flexibility for 5 amp or 1 amp rated current transformer selection.
For this example, set CT Type = 5 since a 5 amp current transformer is used.
The setting of CT Type affects all the distance unit and overcurrent unit setting ranges. The
ranges will be automatically changed as listed in Table 3-3.
3.3.7 Read Primary Setting (Read Out)
The Read Out should be set to Primary Units if all the monitoring ac voltages and currents
are selected to be displayed in primary KV and KA values, respectively. Select Secondary
Units to view voltages and currents in relay or secondary values.
NOTE: When reading secondary units only one digit will read out after the deci-
mal point. When reading primary units RP must be set to yes.
3.3.8 Ohms Per Unit Distance (X / Dist)
The line reactance setting X / Dist is the multiplier for fault distance calculation. It has a range
of 0.3 to 1.5 ohms (primary) in 0.001 steps. In this example, the line reactance is 0.8 ohms/mile;
set X / Dist = 0.8 Ohms.
The fault distance calculation is as follows:
Where Z
S
is the secondary impedance magnitude, and FANG is the fault angle.
3.3.9 Distance Type (DistUnit) Setting
Distance type (DistUnit) has a selection of MILE or KM. It should be selected to match
with the setting of X / Dist. For this example, select DistUnit = MILE.
3.3.10 Reclosing Mode (RI Type) Setting
RI Type is for selecting the reclosing mode. It has four setting positions, No RI, G RI,
,G RI', 3, , G, G RI. Refer to the guidelines for reclosing mode programming
for the RI Type setting selection in Section 2.4.14.
3.3.11 Reclose Initiation Settings
Fast RI, Zone-2 RI and Zone-3 RI provide the selectivity for High speed tripping units,
Zone-2 and Zone-3 reclosing initiation, respectively. See Section 2.4.14 for details
3.3.12 Remote Breaker Failure, Reclose Block (RemBF RB)
For a pilot system (REL 302 only), set RemBF RB to Yes if reclose block output to prevent
the remote breaker from reclosing for local breaker.
Flt Dist
VT Ratio
CT Ratio
--------------------------
Z
S
FANG sin
X / Dist
-------------------------------------------- =
66
3.3.13 Remote Pilot Control (Pilot) Setting
Pilot set to Yes combines with the signal of PLT ENA
2
(external 85CO input) and controls
the operation of pilot logic tripping and reclosing initiation. The absence of either signal will dis-
able the pilot system logic.
The Pilot setting can be set either locally from the front panel, or via the communication in-
terface.
3.3.14 System Type Selection (SystType)
SystType selects the desired relaying system for the application. REL 301 has two setting
choices: Non Pilot and Zone-1 Extension. REL 302 has five setting choices: Non Pilot,
Zone-1 Extension, POTT (permissive overreach transfer trip), PUTT (permissive
underreach transfer trip) and Blocking (directional comparison blocking).
3.3.15 For The Pilot REL 302 Only
a. 3-Term., 3- terminal line configuration setting, should be set to Yes for all three terminal
line applications.
b. Weakfeed (weakfeed terminal logic enable) selection should be set to Yes for all weak-
feed terminal applications.
c. For applications of POTT or Blocking, systems, the transient block logic is always au-
tomatically enabled and is initiated by the reverse looking units. Set Zone-3 to Reverse
Dir. and Zone-3 and Zone-3 G should be set to 100% of the reverse line
impedance.
d. The FDOGTime (FDOG trip delay timer) can be set from 0 to 15 cycles or
Blocked as desired. It is recommended to set FDOGTime to 3 cycles or longer. Refer
to Section 2.5.2 for the detailed information.
3.3.16 Distance/Overcurrent
Individual distance and overcurrent logic can be disabled, if required by the application by set-
ting the unit to Disabled:
a. List of units which can be disabled:
Pilot , Pilot G, Zone-1 , Zone-1 G, Zone-2 , Zone-2 G, Zone-3 ,
Zone-3 G, Inst. , Inst. G and GB Type.
b. Procedure to disable the unit:
Switch REL 301/302 to the setting mode (see Section 4.4.2), scrolling the function eld to
the desired function. Then set the unit to Disabled.
3.3.17 Step Distance Timers
a. T1 Timer can be set from 0-15 cycle delay and cannot be disabled.
2. Bold type, with small capital letters, indicates an input e.g. RESET push-button or voltage inputs.
I.L. 40-386.1
67
b. The T2 Type, T2G Type, T3 Time and/or T3G Time timer functions can be dis-
abled, if desired, by setting the timer to Blocked. Timers set to Blocked, block output
from the associated trip logic. For example, if T3 Time is set to Blocked Zone- 3 logic
will not produce a trip output.
3.3.18 Zone-3 Direction Setting (Zone-3)
Zone-3 and Zone-3 G can be selected to be forward-looking or reverse-looking by set-
ting the Zone-3 (Zone-3 forward or reverse setting) to Forward Dir. or Reverse Dir.
3.3.19 Positive Sequence Impedance Line Angle (Ang Pos.)
3
Set the Positive Sequence Line Impedance Angle setting Ang Pos., to the value of the posi-
tive sequence line impedance angle. From the example data (Section 3.2), the setting would
be Ang Pos. = 77
o
.
3.3.20 Zero Sequence Impedance Angle (Ang Zero)
3
Set the Zero Sequence Impedance Angle setting (Ang Zero) to the value of the zero se-
quence line impedance angle. From the example data (Section 3.2), the setting would be Ang
Zero = 73
o
.
3.3.21 Zero Sequence/Positive Sequence Ratio (Z
OL
/Z
1L
)
4

Set the Z
OL
/Z
1L
value based on the absolute value of the ratio of the line impedances. From
the example data (Section 3.2), the setting would be Z
OL
/Z
1L
= 3.3.
3.3.22 Low Voltage Settings (Low V)
The low voltage units are used to supervise close into fault logic and weakfeed trip logic (REL
302 only). Low V should normally be set to 40 Volts unless a higher setting is required for
more sensitive applications.
3.3.23 Polarizing Settings
Settings for the directional ground overcurrent polarization is controlled by the setting of Dir
Type. It has 3 selections:
Zero Sequence Zero sequence voltage polarization.
Negative Sequ. Negative sequence voltage polarization.
Dual Polariz. Both zero sequence voltage and current polarization.
3.3.24 Overcurrent Ground Backup
The overcurrent ground backup function provides seven sets of curves, which are similar to the
CO curves, for backing up the ground distance protection. Four settings GB Type, GB Pick-
up, GBT Curve and GB Dir. must be determined for applying this function.
3. See application note under Section 3.2.1
4. See application note under Section 3.2.1
68
a. GB Type is the ground backup curve selection. Seven sets of familiar CO curves are
provided (C02,5,6,7,8,9 and 11), and are shown in Figures 2-32 through 2 -38. The selec-
tion is based on the application and coordination time. A selection of Disabled prevents
the ground backup function from operating.
b. GB Pickup is the current level setting. The setting range is 0.5 to 4.0 amperes in 0.1
steps. In general, the current level setting criteria is:
(I
Fmin
/2) > GB Pickup > 2 x Max. Residual 3I
0
where I
Fmin
= Minimum ground fault current for a fault two buses away
For the best sensitivity, GB Pickup should be set at 0.5 amperes, this is normally ade-
quate for most applications.
c. GBT Curve is the time delay setting of the ground backup function. As shown in Figures
3-2 through 3-8, the GBT Curve is settable in steps of one from 1 to 63. As with any time
delay overcurrent function, the time delay setting must be coordinated with other overcur-
rent devices.
d. GB Dir. is the setting for directional control selection. The ground backup function be-
comes a forward-directional torque control overcurrent ground function if GB Dir. is set to
Yes. If GB Dir.is set to No, the overcurrent ground backup function is non-directional
and will produce a trip output for faults in the forward and reverse directions.
The following equation can be used to calculate the trip time for all CO curves from CO-2
through CO-1 :
T (sec) = (for 3I
0
>1.5 x GB Pickup)
T (sec) = (for 1< 3I
0
< 1.5 x GB Pickup)
Where 3I
0
=
IF = Applied fault current
GB Pickup = Pickup setting
GBT Curve = Time curve dial setting (1 to 63).
T
0
, K, C, P and R are constants, and are shown in Table 3-1.
Taking the CO-8 curve set as an example (see Figure 2-36), assuming that the maximum
3Io of unbalanced load is 0.2A, the minimum ground fault current for a fault two buses away
is 10A, and 0.7 seconds is required for coordination with current of 20 times the GB Pick-
up setting, then the settings of the ground overcurrent backup function should be as
shown below:
T
0
K
3I
0
C ( )
P
--------------------------- +
GBT Curve
24 000 ,
--------------------------------
R
3I
0
1 ( )
----------------------
GBT Curve
24 000 ,
--------------------------------
I
F
GB Pickup
-------------------------------
I.L. 40-386.1
69
10/2 > GB Pickup > 2 x 0.2 set GB Pickup = 0.5
Choosing from the curves, in Figure 2-36, for 0.7 seconds at 20 times the GB Pickup
setting, GBT Curve should be set to 24. Set GB Type to C0-8 and set GB Dir
to YES if directional control is required.
REL 301/302 offers two reset characteristics for the ground backup overcurrent function,
instantaneous or time delayed. Instantaneous reset, as the name implies, means reset with
no intentional time delay. Time delay reset function is a linear characteristic shown in Fig-
ure 3-9 and is intended to replicate the reset characteristics of electromechanical overcur-
rent relays.
3.3.25 Close-Into-Fault Trip Setting (CIF Trip)
Set CIF Trip setting by selecting the value eld CIF Trip if line side potential is used to sup-
ply the relay. See Section 2.4.7 for special applications of close-into-fault logic.
3.3.26 Load Loss Trip Setting (LL Trip)
Set LL Trip to YES, FDOG or NO, where:
YES LL Trip trip with Z2 supervision.
FDOG LL Trip with both Z2 and FDOG supervision.
NO LL Trip function is not used.
3.3.27 Loss of Potential Block Setting (LOP Blk)
Set LOP Blk to YES, if loss-of-potential block trip function is required.
3.3.28 Loss of Current Block Setting (LOI Blk)
Set LOI Blk to YES, if loss-of-current block trip function is required.
3.3.29 Trip Alarm Setting (Trip Alm)
Set Trip Alm to Seal-in, if trip alarm seal-in is required. The front panel, reset push-button
can be used to reset the sealed alarm.
3.3.30 Remote Setting (Rem. Set)
Set the Rem. Set to Remote Allowed if remote setting, via communications port, is re-
quired.
3.3.31 Real-Time Clock Setting
With REL 301/302 in the setting mode, scroll the function eld to Set Time, and change the
value to Yes. Depress function push-button RAISE to display Year, Month, Day, Weekday,
Hour, and Minute, and set the corresponding number via the value eld. The REL 301/302 clock
will start at the time the enter button is pushed while the display is showing the minute value.
70
3.4. RECLOSE INITIATION MODE PROGRAMMING
3.4.1 For Non-pilot and Pilot Systems
1. Select RI Type = No RI; G RI; , G RI; or 3, , G, G (See Table
3-2)
2. Use one of the two (RI-1 or RI-2)
5
output contacts for the reclosing initiation circuit
3. Select one or all of the Fast RI, Zone-2 RI, and/or Zone-3 RI to Yes, depending on
the application. (REL 302 set for Pilot System: For reclose initiation, following Pilot tripping,
Fast RI should be set to either Pilot or Pilot/Z1/Inst I)
5. Bold italic type indicates an output e.g. LEDs or contact output
I.L. 40-386.1
71
Table 3-1: TRIP TIME CONSTANTS FOR CURVES
CURVE #
T
0 K C P R
C02 111.99 735.00 0.675 1 501
C05 8196.67 13768.94 1.13 1 22705
C06 784.52 671.01 1.19 1 1475
C07 524.84 3120.56 0.8 1 2491
C08 477.84 4122.08 1.27 1 9200
C09 310.01 2756.06 1.35 1 9342
C011 110 17640.00 0.5 2 8875
Table 3-2: RECLOSING INITIATION MODE PROGRAMMING
RI Type Type Of Fault Reclosing Initiation Mode
No RI All Faults No reclosing initiation
G RI G RI-1, RI-2 contacts close;
All Other Faults no reclosing
, G RI G, RI-1, RI-2 contacts close;
3 Faults no reclosing
3, , G, G All Faults RI-1, RI-2 contacts close
Table 3-3: CURRENT TRANSFORMER SETTINGS
REL 301/302 At CTYP = 5 At CTYP = 1
Z1P/Z1G/Z2P/Z2G
Z3P/Z3G/PLTP/PLTG
0.01 - 50.00, in 0.01 W steps 0.05 - 250, in 0.05 W steps
ITP/ITG 2.0 - 150.00, in 0.5 A steps 0.4 - 30.0, in 0.1 A steps
IL/IOS/IOM/IM 0.5 - 10.0, in 0.1 A steps 0.1 - 2.0, in 0.02 A steps
I
N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
N

M
A
N
U
A
L

R
E
L

3
0
1
/
3
0
2
7
2
Figure 3-1: % Overreach Resulting from dc Offset Effect
5
0
-5
10
15
20
87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74
% Overreach Resulting from DC Offset Effect On Sampling
Line Angle
%
O
v
e
r
r
e
a
c
h
I.L. 40-386.1
73
Figure 3-2: CO-2 Curve Characteristics
605879 REV 0
74
605882 REV 0
I.L. 40-386.1
75
605881 REV 0
76
605880 REV 0
I.L. 40-386.1
77
605878 REV 0
78
605877 REV 0
I.L. 40-386.1
79
605876 REV 0
80
Figure 3-9: Overcurrent Reset Characteristics
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 3 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 63
CO-5
CO-8
CO-11
CO-9
CO-7
CO-6
CO-2
T
y
p
i
c
a
l

T
o
t
a
l

R
e
s
e
t

T
i
m
e

(
S
e
c
o
n
d
s
)
Time Dial Position
Sub 1
9669A10

I.L. 40-386.1
81

Section 4. INSTALLATION AND OPERATION

4. 1. SEPARATING THE INNER AND OUTER-CHASSIS

It is recommended that the user of this equipment become acquainted with the information in
these instructions before energizing the REL 301/302 and associated assemblies. Failure to ob-
serve this precaution may result in damage to the equipment.
All integrated circuits used on the modules are sensitive to and can be damaged by the dis-
charge of static electricity. Electrostatic discharge precautions should be observed when oper-
ating or testing the REL 301/302.
!
CAUTION

Use the following procedure when separating the inner chassis from the outer
chassis; failure to observe this precaution can cause personal injury, undesired
tripping of outputs and component damage.

a. Unscrew the front cover knob and remove cover.
b. Open all FT switches completely.
!
WARNING

Do Not Touch the outer contacts of any FT-10 switch; they may be energized.

c. Release frame latches by pushing the top and bottom latches inward towards the center of
the relay.
d. The inner chassis removal lever is located on the left center (vertical mount) or on top cen-
ter (horizontal mount) of the inner chassis. Push the lever towards the middle tab on the
frame.
e. Slide out the inner chassis.
f. Reverse procedures above when replacing the inner chassis into the outer chassis.

4. 2. TEST PLUGS AND FT SWITCHES

Test Plugs are available as accessories (Section 1.6.6). They are inserted into the FT-10 switch-
es for the purpose of System Function Tests.

4. 3. EXTERNAL WIRING

All electrical inputs/outputs are made through the back of the REL 301/302. Figure 4-1 illus-
trates where the different input/output signals are located. The vertical REL 301/302 is used as
a reference in the location column of the Connection Specification Chart (similarly for the hori-
zontal REL 301/302).

Note: If the separate polarizing input (FT-12 and FT-13) is not used,
a shorting jumper must be installed.

82

1. Contact rating information see

Section 1.6

CONNECTION SPECIFICATION CHART
Location Notes
ANALOG INPUTS

See Figure 4-2 Voltages and Currents

SIGNAL INPUTS
Non-Pilot Connection

52a
52b
EXT RESET

Pilot Connection REL 302
(Add Following
Connections)

PLT ENA
RCVR1
RCVR2

Reclosing/Sync-check

HOLD
EXT.RI
RECLOSE LOCKOUT
Terminals TB4-3 (+), TB4-4 (-)
52a only required for some reclosing applications.
52b contact required for some logic functions.
External Reset - resets LEDs and

erases

protection targets.
85CO input required for pilot logic operation.
Channel 1 receiver input.
Channel 2 receiver input 3-term.
Stops reclosing cycle.
Begin (initiates) reclosing cycle.
Drives reclosing cycle to lockout.

CONTACT OUTPUTS
Trip Connection

TRIP A1
TRIP A2
Terminals TB1-4, FT-6
Isolated TRIP 1, switched by FT-6
Isolated Trip 2, switched by FT-7

Basic System Connections

OC1
SYS TEST
BFI/RI ENA
RI-1
RI-2
RB1
RB2
OC3
BFIA-1
BFIA-2
OC2
OC4
OC5/STOP
GS
AL-1
AL-2
Terminal TB1-1
Breaker Failure Initiate/Reclose Initiate
Terminals TB3-1, TB3-2
Trip rated

1

programmable contact
Jumper connected to FT-5, required to power BFI/I enable
function.
Enabled/Disabled by FT-5.*
Isolated Reclose Initiate, (FT-5*)
Isolated Reclose Initiate, (FT-5*)
Isolated Reclose Block, (FT-5*)
Isolated Reclose Block, (FT-5*)
Non-trip rated

1

programmable output contact.
Isolated Breaker Failure Initiate, (FT-5*)
Isolated Breaker Failure Initiate, (FT-5*)
Non-trip rated

1

Non-trip rated

1

Non-trip rated

1

General Start, closes for any disturbance detection
Isolated Failure Alarm
Isolated Relay Trip Alarm

Pilot Connection
(Add following
Connections)

SEND
STOP
Pilot Channel Equipment Start
Pilot Channel Equipment Stop (Programmed Stop Function)

Reclosing/Sync-check

CLOSE-1
CLOSE-2
LOCKOUT
FAIL RECLOSE
IN PROGRESS

(Optional)

Isolated Close Contact #1
Isolated Close Contact #2
Alarm for Lockout State
Programmable Output for Failed Reclose State/Sync Status
Programmable Output for Reclose in Progress/Sync Status

Communication
Connection

:
See Sections 4.6 and 4.7

I.L. 40-386.1
83

LED Color Condition

PROTECTION LEDS

PROTECTION IN SERVICE Yellow ON For Normal condition of dc power
Successful self-check
Self-test routines
OFF Any of the above failed
PILOT Red Pilot Tripped
ZONE-1 Red Zone 1 Tripped
AG Red AG Fault
BG Red BG Fault
CG Red CG Fault
M

f

Red Multi-phase Fault
OTHER Red Fault Generated by Overcurrent
Load Loss, or
Trip Relays Testing

RECLOSING AND SYNCH-

(

OPTIONAL

)

CHECK RELATED LEDS

RECLOSING IN SERVICE Yellow ON dc power ON
LOCKOUT Yellow Reclosing Logic in Lockout State
FAILED RECLOSE Yellow Breaker associated with Recloser failed to reclose
HBDL Yellow Bus is Live and Line is Dead
HLDB Yellow Line is Live and Bus is Dead
SYNCHRONISM Yellow Bus and Line Voltages in Synchronism

FRONT PANEL LED INDICATOR CHART
4. 4. FRONT PANEL MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE (MMI)
4.4.1 LED Indicators

The REL 301/302 comes with LEDs on the front panel. IN SERVICE LED should be on, all
other indicators are off in normal conditions, but after a trip, the ones related to the trip blink. If
a second trip occurs, the LEDs related to the latest fault double blink. See Section 5.1.1 for more
details.

4.4.1.1 LEDs and Display Reset

The push-button labelled RESET is used to reset all the trip LEDs and send the display to the
metering mode.

4.4.2 Display Module

The front panel operation provides a convenient means of checking and changing settings, and
for checking relay unit operations after a fault.
It consists of a 2-line 16-character/line LCD display, 4 push-buttons (SELECT, LOWER, RAISE,
ENTER) and a switch. The latter selects the display of either the protection or the optional re-
closer. It should always be in protection mode when no reclosing information is being viewed or
during re-initialization.
The front panel has different modes of operation, shown at the top right of the display. The 4
push-buttons labeled SELECT, LOWER, RAISE, and ENTER, are used to interface with the
REL 301/302 relay menu and settings.

84
4.4.2.1 Front Panel Operation

There are five different modes, described below:

MODE As Displayed

SETTINGS [SET]
METERING [METER]
LAST-FAULT [L-FLT]
PREVIOUS-FAULT [P-FLT]
TEST [TEST]
By keeping the SELECT push-button depressed, the list of modes is scrolled in the sequence
shown above, at a one second rate. For each selected mode, the corresponding functions can
be scanned (also every second) with the LOWER or RAISE push-buttons.
a. SETTING MODE
In this mode, functions and their values can be scrolled or changed. See

Table

4-1, for
complete listing. The FUNCTION (shown on the top left of the display), can be scrolled
by continuously depressing either the LOWER or RAISE push-button, depending on the
desired scrolling direction. The corresponding VALUE displayed on the second line can
be changed by pressing the ENTER push-button once. An underscore dash will then
flash alternatively between the first and last characters on the second line. At this point,
other values for the same function can be scrolled through by depressing the LOWER
or RAISE push-button. When the desired value is reached, select it by pressing ENTER
until VALUE UPDATED shows on the display. After the value is updated the system
then returns to the function scroll state.
In order to restore the original value while in the middle of the scrolling values, press
SELECT instead of ENTER, the system returns to the function scroll state, without up-
dating the setting. In the function scroll state, a jump to the next mode is performed by
pressing SELECT.
b. METERING MODE
In this mode, all metered data is displayed. See

Table

4-2, page 4-18, for complete list-
ing. This includes all phase currents and voltages with their angle referred to V

AG

,
conditions such as loss-of-potential, loss-of-current and out-of-step blocking and also
the present time. Depending on the Read

Out setting, the currents and voltages are
shown either in primary or secondary side units.
Set time
No
SET
Set time SET

No

IA :
0.0A
METER

I.L. 40-386.1
85

To scroll through the metered data press the LOWER or RAISE push-buttons.
c. TARGET MODE (LAST-FAULT and PREVIOUS-FAULT)
REL 301/302 saves the 16 latest fault records. See

Table

4-3, for complete listing. The
L-FLT is the most recent fault, the P-FLT is the one prior to the L-FLT. These two
records can only be viewed from the front panel. All other targets must be viewed
through one of the remote communications interfaces.
They can be deleted by External Reset or through a remote communication interface.
The front panel RESET push-button resets the LEDs and resets the display to the me-
tering mode.
As soon as a fault event is detected, the most recent two sets of target data are avail-
able for display. If the setting Flt Data is set to Trip, the L-Flt is the data associated with
the most recent trip event. If a single fault occurs, the fault related LEDs blink. If reclos-
ing is applied and the system trips again, the original L-Flt information is transferred to
the P-Flt memory. The latest trip information is stored in the L-Flt memory and the L-Flt
related LEDs double blink. If Flt Data is set to Zone 2, two events (Zone 2 pickup and
trip) will be stored. If Flt Data is set to Zone 2, Zone 3, the two events will be either Zone
2 pickup or Zone 3 pickup, and any type of trip.

NOTE: All displayed Phase Angles use V

AG

as reference. A minimum of 0.5 A is re-
quired for angle measurement.

d. TEST MODE
The test display mode provides diagnostic and testing capabilities for REL301/302. Relay
status display, and relay output testing are among the functions provided.
Test Mode is selected by the SELECT push-button.
Relay Self-Check Status
The REL 301/302 continuously performs self-checking. The results of the self-check are rep-
resented by a hex value in the VALUE FIELD of the Status Function:
The results of the system self-check routines are accessible using the following procedure:
a. Depress the SELECT push-button until the TEST mode is displayed. Then, depress the
RAISE or LOWER key until the word status appears in the FUNCTION FIELD.
b. The VALUE FIELD will display the status of the relay in hexadecimal Format.
For example: if the display shows status with a Value 1B.
Zone 1 f
Trip on 1f AG
L-FLT
Inst f
Trip
P-FLT
Status TEST
1B

86

The bit pattern which results from HEX Value 1B is described in detail in

Section 5.1.3

paragraph
Step 5(a).
Relay Output Test
All relay outputs can be tested using the procedure described below
(1) Open the red FT switches, of the breaker trip circuits, making sure that the following FT switch
is not opened:

FT-5 BFI/Reclose Enable

(2) Move the spare blue jumper to position JP5 on the Microprocessor module (refer to Table 5-3).
(3) Press the SELECT push-button until the TEST mode is displayed; then depress the RAISE or
LOWER key until the output function to be tested appears in the FUNCTION and VALUE fields,
respectively.
(4) Press the ENTER push-button for the desired duration of the output relays operation.
(5) Press the RAISE push-button to select the following parameters, as desired:

NOTE: Pressing the ENTER push-button operates selected output relays.

(6) After completion of this test, restore the system to its operating state by moving the blue jumper
to position JP3 on the Microprocessor module, and closing the FT switch red handles.

4. 5. JUMPER CONTROLS

All jumpers are set at the factory; the customer normally does not need to move the jumpers. Refer
to

Tables 5-1, 5-2 and 5-3

for the recommended jumper positions.

Function
Field
Value
Field Description

m RX1
m RX2
m RX1, RX2
Trip
BFI
RI2=3RI
RB
u Fail Alarm
Trip Alarm
Gen Start
m Send
m Stop
s OC1
s OC2
s OC3
s OC4
s OC5/Stop
Simulate
Simulate
Simulate
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Relay
Carrier Receiver #1 Simulated Test
Carrier Receiver #2 Simulated Test
Carrier Receiver #1 and #2 Simulated Test
Trip
Breaker Failure
3-Pole Reclose Initiate
Reclose Block
Failure Alarm
Trip Alarm
General Alarm
Send
Stop
Programmable Output Contact, 1
Programmable Output Contact, 5/Stop

Note

:

m denotes for pilot option only.
u a Vac balanced 3-phase voltage must be applied to relay
for change of state to occur; without it the Failure alarm is
always in the Alarm State.
s denotes available with programmable contact output option.

I.L. 40-386.1
87
4. 6. COMMUNICATION PORT(S) USE
4.6.1 Introduction

REL 301/302 can be communicated with for target data, settings, etc., through the man-ma-
chine interface (MMI), The relay can also be communicated with via one of the communication
(comm.) ports. Comm port communications, provides the user with more information than is
available with the MMI. For example, all 16 targets are available and a more friendly user inter-
face for settings can be accessed (all settings are displayed on a single screen on the users
PC). This section will provide the details of the comm port options, personal computer require-
ments, connecting cables and all information necessary to communicate with and extract data
from the relay. Additional communications details are contained in I.L. 40-603, (RCP)

Remote
Communication Program.

As stated in Section 1.5, RCP is required for all comm. port com-
munications. Information about the communications protocol can be found in the RCP I.L.

4.6.2 Communication Port Options

REL 301/302 is supplied with a rear communications port. If the network interface is not speci-
fied, a RS-232C (hardware standard) communications port is supplied. Network interface
comm. port option,

NET-PONI

(see I.L. 40-611 for details) allows the connection of the relay
with many other devices to a 2-wire network. A detailed discussion of networking capabilities
can be found in

AD 40-600, Substation Control and Communications Application Guide

.
RS-232C, rear comm. ports are of the removable, Product Operated Network Interface (PONI)
type and are available in two styles. One is identified by a 25 pin (DB-25S) female connector, it
is usually black and has a single data comm. rate of 1200 bps. The second style is a

RS-PON

I
(see I.L. 40-610 for details) identified by a 9 pin (DB-9P) male connector and externally acces-
sible dip switches (next to the connector) for setting the communication data rate. This port op-
tion is always black in color, can be set for speeds of 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 bps (see

Table 4-7

) and offers an option for IRIG-B time clock, synchronization input.
Front communications is another comm. port option. The front panel RS-232C communications
port, is supplied with a 9 pin (DB-9S) female connector and can be configured for 300, 1200,
2400, 2400, 4800, 9600, or 19200 bps. Data comm. rate choice is made by dip switch settings
which will be discussed later in this chapter.

4.6.3 Personal Computer Requirements

Communication with the relay requires the use of Remote Communication Program (RCP) re-
gardless of the comm. port option. RCP is supplied by ABB Relay Division and is run on a per-
sonal computer (PC).

NOTE: REL 301/302 relays should use latest version of RCP.

To run the program requires an IBM AT, PC/2 PC or true compatible with a minimum of 640
kilobytes of RAM, 1 hard disk drive, a RS-232C comm. port and a video graphics adapter card.
The PC must be running Version 3.3, or higher, MS-DOS.

4.6.4 Connecting Cables

With each comm. port option the connecting cable requirement can be different. Also, connect-
ing directly to a PC or connecting to a modem, for remote communication, affects the connecting
cable requirements. Table 4-5 provides a summary of a plug pin assignments, pins required and
cable connectors.

88

Some terminology will be defined to aid the user in understanding cable requirements in Table
4-5. Reference, is often made to the RS-232C standard, for data communication. The RS-
232C standard describes mechanical, electrical, and functional characteristics. This standard is
published by the Electronics Industry Association (EIA) and use of the standard is voluntary but
widely accepted for electronic data transfer. ABB relay communications follows the RS-232C
standard for non-network data communication.
Although the RS-232C standard does not specify a connector shape, the most commonly used
is the D shape connector. As stated in Section 4.6.2 above, all ABB relay communication con-
nectors are of the D shape (such as DB-25S).
Data communication devices are categorized as either Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) or Data
Communication Equipment (DCE). A DTE is any digital device that transmits and/or receives
data and uses communications equipment for the data transfer. DCEs are connected to a com-
munication line (usually a telephone line) for the purpose of transferring data from one point to
another. In addition to transferring the data, DCE devices are designed to establish, maintain,
and terminate the connection. As examples, a computer is a DTE device and a modem is a DCE
device.
By definition the connector of a DCE is always female (usually DB-9S or 25S). Similarly, DTEs
are always male (usually DB-9P or 25P). These definitions apply to the equipment being con-
nected and to the connectors on the interconnecting cables.
One additional piece of hardware that is required, in some applications, is a null modem. Null
modems function is to connect the transmit line (TXD), pin 2 by RS-232C standard, to the re-
ceive line (RXD), pin 3. A null modem is required when connecting like devices. That is DTE to
DTE or DCE to DCE. A DCE to DCE, example, where a null modem is required, is the connec-
tion of a 25 pin, PONI to a modem.
A null modem function can be accomplished in the connecting cable or by separate null modem
package. That is, by using a conventional RS-232C cable plus a null modem. One type of null
modem, available from electronics suppliers, is B & B Electronics Type 232MFNM.

4.6.5 Relay Password and Settings Change Permission

To gain access to certain communication port(s) functions, the REL 301/302 must have the re-
mote setting capability permission

Rem. Set

set to

Remote Allowed

and knowledge of the
relay password is required. All communications port functions listed below require

Rem. Set

set to

Remote Allowed

before the actions can be performed:
Update/Change Settings
Update Programmable Contact Settings
Enable Local Settings (capability)
Disable Local Settings (capability)
Activate Output Relays (contact testing function)
Access control, both setting permission and password knowledge is required for all communi-
cation port options.
Before attempting any of the above functions, the setting of

Rem. Set

must be verified via the
front panel MMI. Using the setting change procedure in

Section 4.4.2.1

, verify or change

Rem.
Set

such that it is set to

Remote Allowed

.

I.L. 40-386.1
89

Using comm. port communications, the ability to change settings from the MMI can be dis-
abled.The RCP, Password Menu Choice Disable Local Settings when selected, will block set-
ting changes via the MMI. Blocking the front panel setting changes, may be useful for situations
in which the access to the relay cannot be secured from tampering by unauthorized persons.

Password:

When the REL 301/302 is received from the factory or if the user loses the relay password, a
new password can be assigned with the following procedure:
1) Turn off the relay dc supply voltage for a few seconds,
2) Restore the dc supply voltage and wait for the relay to complete the self check/start-up
routine,
3) Using RCP, perform the Password Menu choice Set Relay Password,
4) Use the word password when prompted for the current relay password and
5) Then enter a new password.

NOTE: Password setting change procedure must be completed within 15 minutes
of energizing relay or password will not be accepted as the current
password.
4. 7. FRONT RS-232C COMMUNICATIONS PORT
4.7.1 Communications Port Set Up

The front RS-232C comm. port, on the relay, consists of a printed circuit board that plugs flat
into the rear of the microprocessor module. On the front panel, of the relay, is the 9-pin (DB-9S)
DCE connector with its associated enabling push-button, next to the connector. As described
above, communications with the relay requires a serial cable from the comm. port to the com-
municating device (usually a local PC).
The front comm. port data rate must match the comm. port data rate of the device connected to
the port. This data rate is set when configuring communications on the communicating device.
If the communicating device is a PC, the data rate is set by RCP either when setting up RCP or
by changing settings while running RCP.
To select the data rate on the front comm. port, the five pole dip switch S1 must be set according
to Table 4-6. When the relay is viewed from the front, (front cover removed) the switch S1 is
located on the right side of the front panel near the top. (On the top of the front panel and on the
left for horizontally mounted relays.) Only the first three poles, #1, #2 and #3, of the switch, are
used to set the communications bit rate. Refer to Table 4-6 for the correct position of the switch
poles. Note that settings 110 and 111 result in the default bit rate of 1200 bps.

4.7.2 Operations

When the communication hardware is in place, communicating with the front port requires
pressing the push-button beside the connector in order to switch from the rear port to front port.
There after, the communication will remain with the front until no data transfer has taken place
for fifteen minutes. After the fifteen times out, the active communications port returns to the rear
port. The push-button can be pressed again to enable an additional fifteen minutes of front port
communication activity.

90

RCP operations are identical for front and rear communication (RS-232C or INCOM). It is pos-
sible that the communication is unsuccessful the first time after a relay power-up or switching
between protection and recloser. In this case, a second attempt usually proves to be successful.

4.7.3 Troubleshooting

In the event the communication remains unsuccessful, first make sure that the front communi-
cation push-button has been depressed, the relay is powered and the connection is solid.
For further testing, remove the front cover and check that the bit rate (baud) on the communi-
cation board (dip switches: refer to Dip Switch Setting Chart

Table 4-6

) is set to correspond to
the one displayed at the bottom right of the RCP display.
If after these verifications the problem remains, try to remove the power from the relay and apply
it again. If the communication still fails (several attempts), the communication board needs to
be serviced.

4. 8. SIXTEEN FAULT TARGET DATA

The REL 301/302 saves the latest 16 fault records, but only the latest two fault records can be
accessed from the front panel. For complete 16 fault data, one of the communication interface
devices are necessary. The activation of fault data storage is controlled by setting FDAT. Refer
to Section 2.4.17.1 for detailed information.

4. 9. OSCILLOGRAPHIC DATA

Sixteen sets of oscillographic data are stored in REL 301/302. Each set includes seven analog
traces (Va, V

b

, V

c

, I

a

, I

b

, I

c

and I

n

), with one cycle pre-fault and 7-cycle fault information, and 20
sets of digital data based on 8 samples per cycle. Refer to Section 2.4.18.2 for detailed infor-
mation.

NOTE: IF POWER IS INTERRUPTED TO RELAY ALL PRIOR INTERMEDIATE TARGET
DATA AND OSCILLOGRAPHIC DATA WILL BE LOST.
4. 10. PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT OUTPUTS

(Optional Feature)

REL 301/302 has five output contacts OC-1 to OC-5 which can be dedicated to user-selected
functions, OC-1 has the same rating as the trip contacts. OC-2 - OC-5 have the same rating as
non-trip contacts. See

Section 1.6.3

for contact ratings. The 30 available functions are listed in

Table 4-4

. Each function can be inverted if desired. For REL 302 (Pilot) OC-5 is preprogrammed
with the STOP function. However OC-5 is fully programmable and can be changed by the user.

Logic AND & OR.

Several functions can be directed to one contact, using either an OR or an
AND operator. With OR, any selected function operates the contact, whereas with AND all the
selected functions need to be active in order to operate the contact. A pickup and a dropout tim-
er can also be individually set for each programmable contact output.
Programming the output contacts is made via RCP and requires the password to be entered.
An example of the programmable contact output screen is shown at the end of this section.

Connect Function to Output

. Selecting a function for an output contact is made by first tog-
gling the <F2> function key to select Logic True (T) or Logic Negation (F). The current logic is

I.L. 40-386.1
91

shown on the right side of the display under contact 5 Dropout Timer selection. Then move the
cursor with the arrow keys to the intersection of the desired function and contact, then press the
INSERT key. T for logic true or F for logic Negation will show at that position. If is desired to
remove the selection, the DELETE key can be used to de-select a previously selected function.
If a contact is to be controlled by several functions, the same procedure applies for each func-
tion, without forgetting the combining operator OR or AND, shown at the beginning of each con-
tact line.

Time Delay Pickup and Dropout

. To set the timers, move the cursor to the desired timer, lo-
cated beneath the contact output table and press ENTER. The value to be set is displayed in
the upper right corner of the screen and can be adjusted with the Up or Down direction keys
followed by ENTER when the desired time is displayed.4 Timer setting selection can be accel-
erated by using the Page Up and Page Down direction keys. Each timer can be set from 0 -
2000 cycles in 1 cycle increments, with an accuracy of

0.5 cycle.

4.10.1 Programmable Contact Outputs Applications
4.10.1.1 Breaker Failure Protection

A

Breaker Failure Scheme Using REL 301/302 programmable outputs and internally derived
overcurrent signals is described in the following. The REL 301/302's programmable logic capa-
bilities permit its use in this application. The scheme can be simple, two contacts with time de-
lays BF1 and BF2, or more complex using the two contacts mentioned plus one contact (OC1)
as a Retrip and another contact, with time delay, as the control timer function. A simple scheme
is described below.

Note: The input terminal P52a can be used as an external BFI. For the BFI applica-
tion, the setting of 52a/ManCls on the Reclose setting menu MUST be set to
No, Disabled.
Due to the operating time of the telephone relays, the BFI-A1 and BFI-A2 are
10 ms slower than the Trip A-1 and A-2.
1. Operation

When a breaker failure initiate (BFI) is detected, after the trip decision or via the P52a input, in
conjunction with an overcurrent signal (IM or IOM), the pickup delay timers called BF1 and BF2
begin timing. Seperate BF timers are used to allow individual settings for phase and ground
faults. The breaker failure times should allow ample marginto give the breaker an opportunity to
interrupt the current and clear.
At the end of the pickup time delay, BF1 or BF2, if BFI and the overcurrent signals are still
present, the breaker failure lockout 86BF will operate via programmable OC3 or OC4 (see

Fig-
ure 4-4

). Transfer tripping, if applied, would then operate appropiate remote breakers to com-
plete isolation of the failed breaker. If current above the settings of IM or IOM is not present, at
the end of the breaker failure time, all logic simply resets. Breaker failure timing considerations
are shown in the table at the top of the next page.

92

2. REL 301/302 Contact Programming

Each relay output contact can be programmed as a combination of internally generated signals
and an associated on delay and/or off delay timer(s). The programming is accomplished using
the Relay Communications Program (RCP) and selecting the UPDATE PROG CONT SET-
TINGS from the Password Commands menu. For complete details on using RCP, refer to

Sec-
tions 4.6

and 4.7 and IL 40-603, RCP Remote Communication Program, USERS GUIDE.
Programming of the contacts starts by establishing communication with the relay and selecting
contact programming choices screen. Programming each contact, and the associated timer(s),
is explained in Section 4.10. When the contact programming is complete the contact program-
ming choices screen should appear as in REL 301/302 PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT SET-
TINGS (Breaker Failure) table, at the end of this section, with time delays filled in for each of
the following:
BF1 = Breaker Failure Time (Phase)
BF2 = Breaker Failure Time (Ground)
R1,2 = Reset Time Delay
3. Settings
(a) Overcurrent units
The phase unit, IM, must be set below the minimum expected (CT secondary) phase fault cur-
rent through the protected breaker, and the ground unit must be set less than the minimum ex-
pected 3I0 fault current.
Settings should be made to assure a multiple of pickup of at least 2, under minimum fault con-
ditions. Where the breaker contains a resistor, that is inserted on tripping, the overcurrent fault
detectors are set below the resistor current.
(b) Breaker failure timers (BF)
Breaker Failure Timing Diagram
Normal Clearing
Backup Breaker Failure Total Clear Time
Normal Clearing Time Local Remote
RELAY BKR INTERRUPT Margin
BFI BF1 & 2 TIMERS 86BF LOCAL BACKUP CLEARING
TT REMOTE BACKUP CLEARING
CONTROL TIMER CT R
Inoperative Breaker
I.L. 40-386.1
93
The breaker failure timers (BF1,2) should be set to exceed the breaker normal clearing time by
an appropriate margin. A secure margin is 2 cycles (32 ms). Refer to Breaker Failure Timing
Diagram (above). Often it is desirable to set the breaker failure times for different values for
phase and ground faults.
(c) Reset Timers (R)
A small reset time is suggested to assure the 86BF lockout device has operated. OC3 and OC4
have a low interrupting capability (see Section 1.6 for contact ratings).
4. External Connections
See Figure 4-4 for external connections to complete the breaker failure scheme.
94
Contact C P P 3 S 3 E P S P
A I Z Z Z Z L L I E O R I C C V I Z Z C L W T 5 I B L
Output O N F 2 2 3 3 G T T O N S I O R R T 1 1 H T R F O 2 T I L F O
# R D T P G P G B G P S D B 2 M 1 2 T G G P O X B T P a P M V I P
1
2
3 X T T
4 X T T
5
Contact 1 Pickup Timer = cycle Contact 1 Dropout Timer = cycle
Contact 3 Pickup Timer = BF1 cycle Contact 3 Dropout Timer = R cycle
Contact 4 Pickup Timer = BF2 cycle Contact 4 Dropout Timer = R cycle
Use up, down, right, left arrows, Ins or Del keys for logic or Enter for timers.
F2: Toggle Logic Input; Logic True (T) or Logic Negative (F)
Contact C P P 3 S 3 E P S P
A I Z Z Z Z L L I E O R I C C V I Z Z C L W T 5 I B L
Output O N F 2 2 3 3 G T T O N S I O R R T 1 1 H T R F O 2 T I L F O
# R D T P G P G B G P S D B 2 M 1 2 T G G P O X B T P a P M V I P
1
2
3
4
5 T
Contact 1 Pickup Timer = 0 cycle Contact 1 Dropout Timer = 0 cycle
Use up, down, right, left arrows, Ins or Del keys for logic or Enter for timers.
F2: Toggle Logic Input; Logic True (T) or Logic Negative (F)
Refer to Table 4-4 for a description of the functions
REL 301/302 PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT SETTINGS
Logic Input True
Logic Input True
(Breaker Failure)
REL 301/302 PROGRAMMABLE CONTACT SETTINGS
(Factory Default Settings)
I.L. 40-386.1
95
Dtp drawing
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
3
4
Output
1
Output
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Communications
Port Connector
Use Mounting Stud For
Case Grounding
Communications
Speed Dip Switch
Ref: Table 4-2
Figure 4-1: REL 301/302 Terminals
96
*Sub 3
1613C80
Sheet 1 of 2
Figure 4-2: REL 301/302 Systems External Connection
* Denotes Change
I
.
L
.

4
0
-
3
8
6
.
1

9
7
Sub 3
1613C80
Sheet 2 of 2
* SEE SHEET 1 FOR DETAILS OF FT SWITCH1 CONNECTIONS
Figure 4-3: REL 301/302 Systems External Connection
I
N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
N

M
A
N
U
A
L

R
E
L

3
0
1
/
3
0
2
9
8
52
TC
52a
86
BF
+ DC Supply Voltage
- DC Supply Voltage
86 BF
OC1
OC2
OC3
OC4
BF TIME 1
BF TIME 2
TRIP A1
FT-6
FT-8
TB1-3
TB1-2
TB3-17
TB3-18
TB3-12
TB3-11
TB3-19
TB3-20
BREAKER FAILURE
Figure 4-4: REL 301/302 Breaker Failure DC Schematic
I.L. 40-386.1
99
Table 4-1: Setting Display
Setting
Function Field
Value Field
(Using 5 A and 60 Hz see note on Sheet 3)
Front
Panel
RCP Front Panel RCP
Software Version Version VERSION Numerical NUMERICAL
Oscillographic Data
Initiation
Osc Data OSC Trip/Zone2/Zone2, Zone3/dV or dI TRIP/Z2TR/Z2Z3/dVdI
Fault Data Initiation Flt Data FDAT Trip/Zone2/Zone2, Zone 3 TRIP/Z2TR/Z2Z3
CT Ratio CT Ratio CTR 10 - 5000 10 - 5000
VT Ratio VT Ratio VTR 30 - 7000 30 - 7000
Rated Frequency Freq. FREQ 60 / 50 Hz 60 / 50 Hz
CT Secondary Rating CT Type CTYP 5 / 1 Amps 5 / 1 AMP
Read Out I and V in
Primary or Secondary
Units
Read Out RP Primary Units / Secondary Units YES/NO
Reactance for Fault
Location
X / Dist XPUD
0.300 - 1.500 W/mile or W/km depen-
dent on DistUnit Setting
0.300 - 1.500/DTY
Fault Location Units DistUnit DTYP Miles/Kilometers MILES/KM
Reclosing Mode RI Type TTYP
No RI
G RI
, G RI
3, , G, G RI
Off
1PR
2PR
3PR
High Speed RI Fast RI HSRI
None
Z1/Inst I
Pilot
Pilot/Z1/Inst I
NO
Z1/I
PLT
ALL
RI on Zone2 Trip Zone2 RI Z2RI Yes/No YES/NO
RI on Zone3 Trip Zone3 RI Z3RI Yes/No YES/NO
Breaker Failure Reclose
Block
RemBF RB BFRB Yes/No YES/NO
Enable Pilot Logic Pilot PLT Yes/No YES/NO
Pilot System Selection SystType STYP
Non Pilot
Zone1 Extension
POTT
PUTT
Blocking
3ZNP
Z1E
POTT
PUTT
BLK
Forward Directional
Ground Timer
FDOGTime FDGT Blocked/0 - 15 cycles BLK/0 - 15 CYCL
Weakfeed Enable Weakfeed WFEN Yes/No YES/NO
3-Terminal Line
Application
3-Term. 3TRM Yes/No YES/NO
Blocking System Channel
Coordination Timer
Blk Time BLKT 0 - 98 msec 0 -98 MSEC
Pilot Phase Setting Pilot PLTP Disabled/ 0.01 - 50.00 OHMS OUT/0.01-50.00 OHMS
Pilot Ground Setting Pilot G PLTG Disabled/0.01 - 50.00 OHMS OUT/0.01-50.00 OHMS
Zone1 Phase Unit Zone1 Z1P Disabled/ 0.01 - 50.00 OHMS OUT/0.01-50.00 OHMS
Zone1 Ground Unit Zone1 G Z1G Disabled/0.01 - 50.00 OHMS OUT/0.01-50.00 OHMS
Zone1 Delay Trip Timer T1 Timer T1 0 - 15 cycles 0 - 15 CYCL
Zone2 Phase Unit Zone2 Z2P Disabled/0.01 - 50.00 OHMS OUT/0.01-50.00 OHMS
SET
(Sheet 1 of 3)
100
Zone2 Phase Timer
Timer Type
Denite Time
Torque Control CO
Curve (with Time
Delay or Inst. Reset)
Torque Control
Pickup
Torque control Time
Curve
T2 Type
T2 Time
T2 CV
T2 PkUp
T2 TC
Z2PT
T2P
TP2CV
T2PPU
T2PTC
Blocked/Denite Time/Torque Control
0.10 - 2.99 sec
CO-2/C0-5/C0-6/CO-7 /CO-8/CO-9/
CO/11 Each w/Reset or Inst
0.50 - 10.00 Amps
1 - 63
DISAB/DEFTM/TORQ
0.100 - 2.99 SEC
CO-2/5/6/7/8/9/11 I/R
0.500 - 10.00 AMPS
1 - 63
Zone2 Ground Timer
Timer Type
Denite Time
Torque Control CO
Curve (with Time
Torque Control
Pickup
Torque Control
Time Curve
T2G Type
T2G Time
T2G CV
T2G Pickup
T2G TC
Z2GT
T2G
T2GCV
T2GPU
T2GTC
Blocked/Denite Time/ Torque Control
0.10 - 2.99 Sec
CO-2/CO-5/CO-6/CO-7/CO-8/CO-9/
CO-11 Each w/Reset or Inst
0.50 - 10.00 Amps
1- 63
DISAB/DEFTM/TORQ
0.100 - 2.99 SEC
CO-2/5/6/7/8/9/11 I/R
0.500 - 10.00 AMPS
1- 63
Zone3 Phase Unit Zone3 Z3P Disabled/0.01 - 50.00 OHMS OUT/0.01-50.00 OHMS
Zone3 Phase Timer T3 T3P Blocked/0.10 - 9.99 Sec BLK/0.10 - 9.99 SEC
Zone3 Ground Timer T3 G T3G Blocked/0.10 - 9.99 Sec BLK/0.10 - 9.99SEC
Zone3 Direction Zone3 Z3FR
Forward Dir.
Reverse Dir.
FWD
REV
Pos. Seq. Line Impedance
Angle
Ang Pos. PANG 10 - 90
O
10 - 90 DEG
Zero Seq. Line
Impedance Angle
Ang Zero GANG 10 - 90
O
10 - 90 DEG
Z0L/Z1L Z0L/Z1L ZR 0.1 - 10.0 0.100 - 10.00
Low Voltage Unit Low V LV 40 - 60 Volts 40 - 60 VOLTS
Overcurrent Units:
Low Set Phase
Medium Set Phase
Low Set Ground
Medium Set Ground
High Set Phase
High Set Ground
Low I
IM
3I0s
3I0m
Inst.
Inst. G
IL
IM
IOS
IOM
ITP
ITG
0.50 - 10.00 Amps
0.50 - 10.00 Amps
0.50 - 10.00 Amps
0.50 - 10.00 Amps
Disabled/ 2.0 - 150.0 Amps
Disabled/ 2.0 - 150.0 Amps
0.500 - 10.00 AMPS
0.500 - 10.00 AMPS
0.500 - 10.00 AMPS
0.500 - 10.00 AMPS
OUT/ 2.00-150.0 AMPS
OUT/ 2.00-150.0 AMPS
Out-of-Step Block OS Block OSB Yes/No YES/NO
OSB Override Timer OSOT OSOT 400 - 4000 msec 400 - 4000 msec
OSB Inner Blinder OS Inner RT 1.00 - 15.00 OHMS 1.0 - 15.0 OHMS
OSB Outer Blinder OS Outer RU 3.00 - 15.00 OHMS 3.00 - 15.00 OHMS
Directional Overcurrent Dir Type DIRU
Zero Sequence
Negative Sequ
Dual Polariz
ZSEQ
NSEQ
DUAL
Setting
Function Field
Value Field
Front
Panel
RCP Front Panel RCP
SET
(Sheet 2 of 3)
I.L. 40-386.1
101
NOTE: WHEN THE CTYP FUNCTION IS SET AT 1 AMPERE, THE RANGE OF THE FOL-
LOWING FUNCTIONS ARE AS SHOWN BELOW:
ZIP/ZIG/ZEP/Z2G/Z3P/Z3G/PLTP/PLTG 0.05-250.00, in 0.05 W steps.
ITP/ITG 0.4-30.0, in 0.1 A steps.
IL/IM/IOS/IOM 0.1-2.0, in 0.02 A steps.
NOTE: SEE ALSO SECTION 3.3.6, SELECTIONS OF CTYP SETTINGS.
NOTE: The increments of timers are based on the line frequency, e.g., 16 msec for 60
Hz and 20 msec for 50 Hz (to the nearest msec).
Directional Overcurrent
Ground Backup Time
Curve Family (With Time
GB Type GBCV
Disabled/CO-2/CO-5/CO-6/CO-7/CO-8/
CO-9/CO-11 (Each w/Reset or Instant)
OUT/CO-2/5/6/7/8/9
/11 I/R
Ground Backup Pick-up GBPickup GBPU 0.50 - 4.00 Amps 0.500 - 4.00 AMPS
Ground Backup Time
Curves within Family
GBTCurve GTC 1 - 63 1 - 63
Choice of Directional or
Non-Directional Ground
Backup
GB Dir. GDIR Yes/No YES/NO
Close-Into-Fault Trip CIF Trip CIF
CIF Trip
CIF Trip w/delay
No CIF Trip
CF
CFT
OUT
Load Loss Trip LL Trip LLT Yes/FDOG/No YES/NO/FDOG
Loss of Potential Block LOP Blk LOPB Yes/All/No YES/NO/ALL
Loss of Current Block LOI Blk LOIB Yes/No YES/NO
Trip Alarm Seal-In Trip Alm AL2S Seal-In/No Seal-In YES/NO
Remote Setting Change
Enable
Rem. Set Remote Allowed/No Remote
Real Time Clock Set
1. Set Year
2. Set Month
3. Set Day
4. Set Weekday
5. Set Hour
6. Set Minute
Set Time
Year
Month
Day
Weekday
Hours
Minutes
Yes/No
1980 - 2079
1 - 12
1 - 31
Sunday through Saturday
0 - 23
0 - 59

Setting
Function Field
Value Field
Front
Panel
RCP Front Panel RCP
(Sheet 3 of 3)
SET
102
Table 4-2: Metering Display
Front Panel
Function
Field
Value Field
Phase A Current (Magnitude & Angle) IA: Magnitude (A) and Angle ()
Phase A Voltage (Magnitude & Angle) VAG: Magnitude (V) and Angle ()
Phase B Current (Magnitude & Angle) IB: Magnitude (A) and Angle ()
Phase B Voltage (Magnitude & Angle) VBG: Magnitude (V) and Angle ()
Phase C Current (Magnitude & Angle) IC: Magnitude (A) and Angle ()
Phase C Voltage (Magnitude & Angle) VCG: Magnitude (V) and Angle ()
Time and Date TimeDate
Local, Remote or Both Setting Control Settings
Carrier Receive-1 (Yes or No) Rx Ch1
Carrier Receive-2 (Yes or N0) Rx Ch2
Date Of Last Setting Change Last Set
LOP Condition if present LOP
LOI Condition if present LOI
Out-of-Step Block if present OS Block
RCP
Function Value
Value Field
Function Value
Value Field
VAG MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ VOLTS
_ _ _ DEG.
IA MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ AMPS
_ _ _ DEG.
VBG MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ VOLTS
_ _ _ DEG.
IB MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ AMPS
_ _ _ DEG.
VCG MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ VOLTS
_ _ _ DEG.
IC MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ AMPS
_ _ _ DEG.
V1 MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ VOLTS
_ _ _ DEG.
I1 MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ AMPS
_ _ _ DEG.
V2 MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ VOLTS
_ _ _ DEG.
I2 MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ AMPS
_ _ _ DEG.
3V0 MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ VOLTS
_ _ _ DEG.
3I0 MAG =
ANG =
_ _ _ AMPS
_ _ _ DEG.
DATE = 10/28 POWER FLOW
=
_ _ _ WATTS
TIME = 11:20 VAR FLOW = _ _ _ VARS
LOI = NO (STATUS) PF ANGLE = _ _ _ DEG.
LOP = YES (STATUS) PF = _ _ _
OSB = NO (STATUS) SETTING STAT
=
BOTH
RX1 = NO (STATUS)
RX2 = NO (STATUS)
METER
I.L. 40-386.1
103
Table 4-3: Target (Fault Data) Display (2 Pages)
Information
Function Value
Front
Panel
RCP Front Panel RCP
Fault Type Flt type FTYP
AG/BG/CG/AB/BC/CA/ABG/
BCG/CAG/ABC/Blank if
other/Test
AG/BG/CG/AB/BC/CA/
ABG/BCG/CAG/ABC/
Blank if other/TEST
Breaker 1 Tripped Breaker 1 BK1 Yes/No YES/NO
Breaker 2 Tripped Breaker 2 BK2 Yes/No YES/NO
Zone1 Phase Trip Zone1 Z1P Yes/No YES/NO
Zone1 Ground Trip Zone1 G Z1G Yes/No YES/NO
Pilot Phase Trip Pilot PLTP Yes/No YES/NO
Pilot Ground Trip Pilot G PLTG Yes/No YES/NO
Carrier Send Car Send SEND Yes/No YES/NO
Receiver 1 Rx Ch1 RX1 Yes/No YES/NO
Receiver 2 Rx Ch2 RX2 Yes/No YES/NO
Weakfeed Trip Weakfeed WFT Yes/No YES/NO
High Set Phase Trip Inst. ITP Yes/No YES/NO
High Set Ground Trip Inst. G ITG Yes/No YES/NO
Close-Into-Fault Trip CIF Trip CIF Yes/No YES/NO
Load-Loss Trip LL Trip LLT Yes/No YES/NO
Ground Backup Trip GB Trip GB Yes/No YES/NO
Fault Location Imp. Flt Z
FANG
Magnitude (W) and angle ()
Magnitude (W) and angle ()
OHMS
DEG.
Fault Distance Flt Dist DMI/DKM in Miles or Kilometers MILES/KM
Prefault Load Current PFlt I PFLC Numerical in Amps Numerical in AMPS
Prefault Phase Volt-
age
PFlt V PFLV Numerical in Volts Numerical in VOLTS
Prefault Load Angle PFlt Ang LP Numerical in Degrees Numerical in DEG
Phase A Fault Volt-
age
VAG Flt VPA MAG
ANG
Magnitude (V)
Angle ()
VOLTS
DEG.
Phase B Fault Volt-
age
VBG Flt VPB MAG
ANG
Magnitude Volts
Angle ()
VOLTS
DEG.
Phase C Fault Volt-
age
VCB Flt VPC MAG
ANG
Magnitude Volts
Angle ()
VOLTS
DEG.
NOTE: On front panel display, all Yes or No information displayed when the answer is YES
L-FLT
104
3V0 Fault Voltage 3V0 Flt 3V0 MAG
ANG
Magnitude Volts
Angle ()
VOLTS
DEG.
Phase A Fault Current IA Flt IPAMAG
ANG
Magnitude Volts
Angle ()
VOLTS
DEG.
Phase B Fault Current IB Flt IPB MAG
ANG
Magnitude Volts
Angle ()
VOLTS
DEG.
Phase C Fault Current IC Flt IPCMAG
ANG
Magnitude Volts
Angle ()
VOLTS
DEG.
IP Fault Current IP Flt INMAG
ANG
Magnitude Volts)
Angle ()
VOLTS
DEG.
Date of Fault Date Flt Month/day and year
Time of Fault Time Flt Hours, Minutes, Seconds
and Hundredths
Information
Function Value
Front
Panel
RCP Front Panel RCP
NOTE: On front panel display, all Yes or No information displayed when the answer is YES
L-FLT
I.L. 40-386.1
105
List of the 30 functions to choose from for the programmable contact outputs.
Function Description
OR Logic OR when several functions are combined
AND Logic AND when several functions are combined
CIFT Close into fault trip
Z2P Zone2 phase Trip Pickup
Z2G Zone2 ground Trip Pickup
Z3P Zone3 phase Trip Pickup
Z3G Zone3 ground Trip Pickup
GB Ground backup (overcurrent) Trip Pickup
PLTG Pilot ground trip
PLTP Pilot phase trip
3IOS Low set ground overcurrent indication
SEND Carrier Send
OSB Out-of-step block pickup
RI2 Reclose initiation
IOM Mediumset overcurrent ground
CR1 Receive Channel 1 signal
CR2 Receive Channel 2 signal
3VT Produce an output when 3VT > 105 volts
ITG High set overcurrent ground trip
Z1G Zone1 ground trip
Z1P Zone1 phase trip
ECHO Weakfeed echo key
PLTX Pilot in service (includes external 85CO input)
RB Reclosing block
WFT Weakfeed trip
STOP Carrier stop
P52a 52a input terminal sensing
ITP High set overcurrent phase trip
IM Mediumset overcurrent phase
LV Low voltage
BFI Breaker failure initiation
LOP Loss of potential pickup
NOTE: The pickup and dropout timers can be set between 0 and
2000 cycles in 1 cycle steps.
Table 4-4: Programmable Contact Outputs
106
Table 4-5: Communications Cable Requirements
* Note: A communications cable kit (item identification number 1504B78G01) that will accommodate most connec-
tion combinations (* in Table 4-5), is available through your local ABB representative.
Table 4-6: Dip Switch Setting Chart
Table 4-7: RS-PONI (9-Pin) Communications Speed Setting
NOTE: The RS PONI Dip Switches are acessible from the top rear of REL 301/302. (ref. figure 4-1)
Connection Type Cable
(Straight =
no
null modem)
Pins Reqd.
(All pins
not
required)
Cable Connectors Notes
DB-25S, RS-232C connected to PC* Straight 2, 3, 7 To port: 25 pin DTE
To PC: 9 or 25 pin DCE
DB-25S, RS-232C connected to
modem
Null Modem 2, 3, 7 To port: 25 pin DTE
to Modem: 25 pin DTE
DB-9P, RS-232C connected to PC* Null Modem 2, 3, 5 To port: 9 pin DCE
See IL 40-610 For set-
tings
DB-9P, RS-232C connected to
modem*
Straight 2, 3, 5 To port: 9 pin DCE
To Modem: 25 pin DTE
See IL 40-610 For set-
tings
DB-9S, RS-232C connected to PC* Straight 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 To port: 9 pin DTE
See Table 4-6 For set-
tings
DB-9S, RS-232C connected to
modem
Null Modem 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 To port: 9 pin DTE
To Modem: 25 pin DTE
See Table 4-6 For set-
tings
Dip Switch Pole
1 2 3
Port Data
Rate
(bps)
0 0 0 300
Logic 1 is towards
Printed Circuit Board
Dip Switch poles 4 & 5
are not used
0 0 1 1200
0 1 0 2400
0 1 1 4800
1 0 0 9600
1 0 1 19200
1 1 0 1200
1 1 1 1200
DIP Switch
1 2 3 BPS
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
300
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
1200
1200
NOTE: DIP switches 4 and 5 are not used

I.L. 40-386.1
107
PURPOSE

The purpose of this procedure is to provide a test that can be used for incoming inspection or
to determine at any time if the REL 301 or 302 is functioning correctly. The Acceptance Test
confirms that a particular unit is serviceable with a minimum of time and effort. During the Ac-
ceptance Test the emphasis is on hardware verification.
If the readers goal is to completely evaluate REL 301 and/or REL 302 firmware, the

Engineer-
ing Evaluation Test Manual

is recommended for that purpose. The manual is intended to aid
the user in understanding the software design and/or decide if the REL 301 or REL 302 is suit-
able for a specific application. For further details see Engineering Evaluation

Test Manual, TM
40-386.
The Acceptance Test Will Cover:

Front Panel, Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) test
Self test relay status display
Metering mode display test
Settings application
Hardware Verification
Impedance Accuracy Check
Tests of all inputs and contact outputs
Additionally, if the relay under test is a REL 302, the pilot logic and pilot distance measuring
function will be tested.

Test Equipment:

The minimum test equipment required is:
One 3-phase, variable (magnitude and phase angle), Y-connected voltage source
One 1-phase, variable (magnitude and phase angle), current source synchronized to the volt-
age source
Two Flexitest (FT) test plugs
Appropriate test leads and hand tools
The test equipment can be in the form of popular multi-function test equipment, such as the
equipment offered by AVO International Multi-Amp, Doble Engineering Company or Powertec
Industries Inc., or by using conventional phase shifter, load box, various test setups.
!
CAUTION

Before energizing the relay it is extremely important to check that all jumpers on the
lter, power supply and microprocessor modules are in the correct position.

Section 5. REL 301/302 ACCEPTANCE TEST

AND PERIODIC MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

108
Acceptance Test

Before beginning any testing, verify that voltage selectable input, and contact configuration
jumpers are in the correct position. The following tables, with appropriate reference figures, will
provide a guide for the jumper settings. In-service settings may vary according to specific appli-
cations.

Table 5-1: Filter Module Jumper Settings

Filter Module
See Figure 5-1
for Location
Jumper Identication Jumper Purpose Factory Setting
P2 52 a Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P18 52 b Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P7 External Reset Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P9 Pilot Enable Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P10 Receiver 1 Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
P12 * Sync-Check Voltage Reference VA
P13 Receiver 2 Input Voltage Selection 48/125 Vdc
* When using the 120 V option, Jumper setting V

A

= V

AB

, V

B

= V

BC

, V

C

= V

CA

Table 5-2: Power Supply Module Jumper Settings

Power Supply Module See Figure 5-2 for Location
JMP1 Carrier Stop Normally Open NO
JMP2 Carrier Send Normally Open NO
JMP5 Output contact 4 Normally Open NO
JMP4 Output Contact 3 Normally Open NO
JMP3 Output Contact 2 Normally Open NO
JMP6 Relay Fail Alarm AL1 Normally Closed NC
JMP7 Relay Trip Alarm AL2 Normally Open NO

Table 5-3: Microprocessor Module Jumper Settings

Microprocessor Module ** See Figure 5-3 for Location
JP3 Spare Jumper Storage IN (Jumper Present)
JP4 Trip Dropout Delay OUT (No Jumper)
JP5 Enable Output Test OUT (No Jumper)
JP6 A/D Calibration OUT (No Jumper)
** To verify or change jumper positions on the microprocessor module it is
necessary to remove the front panel of the REL 301/302.

I.L. 40-386.1
109

To prepare the relay for testing, it is necessary to make certain test connections. Test connec-
tions can be made to the rear terminals of the relay, or through test plugs and built-in FT switch-
es. The easiest connection, for the voltage and current inputs, is through the FT test plugs and
test switches.

NOTE: When using the conventional FT switch test plugs, it is recommended to re-
move the front nameplate to allow the plug to be fully inserted in the switch
jaws.
5. 1. NON-PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR REL 301/302
5.1.1 Front Panel Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) Test

REL 301/302 front panels consists of 9 Light Emitting Diodes (

LED

s)

1

,

R

ESET

2

push-button and
the Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) which includes a 2 line (16 character per line) Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD) with 4 push-buttons. All settings, two most recent targets, display quantities and
relay test functions can be accessed with the MMI. For acceptance testing, the MMI will be ref-
erenced for all access to and data acquisition from the relay. See

Figure 1-5

for a detailed layout
of the front panel with MMI.
If the system under test is not equipped with the MMI or it is desired to utilize one of the com-
munication ports, all access to and data acquisition from the relay can be accomplished. Data
communications via the communication ports will not be covered in this procedure. (Refer to

Section 4.6

for complete details.)
If the relay under test is equipped with reclosing the front panel has additional LEDs (up to 6
with sync check) and the MMI has a switch to toggle between the reclosing settings and protec-
tion settings. Separation of reclosing settings from protection settings alleviates the need to
scroll through the reclosing settings when protection settings are in progress.

STEP 1

To begin the test procedure apply rated dc voltage to terminals

F

T

-11

(+) and

F

T

-20

(-). The dc
voltage rating of the relay is stated on the front nameplate. Upon application of the appropriate
dc voltage, the relay will complete a self-test/startup/initialization routine. If the startup routine is
successfully completed, the

PROTECTION IN SERVICE

LED will light. The LCD display enters
the

METER

3

mode and displays the A phase current magnitude. (At this time the A phase cur-
rent will read 0.0 amp and no angle will be displayed.) If the

PROTECTION IN SERVICE

LED
does not light, check the dc supply voltage and connections.
Using the

R

AISE

or

L

OWER

push-button to scroll (forward or backward, respectively) all metering
mode quantities can be reviewed. See

Table 4-2

for complete details of the

METER

display
mode quantities.
MMI is accessed by pressing the

S

ELECT

push-button, to scroll sequentially through the five dis-
play modes,

METER

(ing),

L-FLT

(Last FauLT),

P-FLT

(Previous FauLT),

TEST

, and
SET(ing). Current display mode is shown in the upper right corner of the LCD display. (See

Sec-
tion 4.4.2

for more details.)

1. Bold italic type indicates an output e.g.

LED

s or contact output.
2. Bold type, with small capital letters, indicates an input e.g.

R

ESET

push-button or voltage inputs.
3. Bold type in quotation marks indicates LCD display quantities

110

Press the

S

ELECT

push-button and scroll to the

TEST

display. The display should read

STA-
TUS 0

indicating the self-checking/startup/initialization routine was completed successfully
and the system is continuously passing the self-checking routine.

STEP 2

Press the

S

ELECT

push-button until you reach the SET mode. Displayed is the firmware VER-
SION number. Verify the VERSION number agrees with the version number shown on the cover
of this instruction literature.

NOTE: Pressing the RESET push-button, at any time, will reset the target LEDs and
cause the display to return to the METER display mode.
STEP 3

The settings used for the first test, impedance accuracy test, are shown in Table 5-4 (Table 5-
5 for REL 302). Table 5-4 (or 5-5) settings should be applied to the relay at this time.
To enter the settings, press the SELECT push-button again until the SET mode is indicated.
Then load all settings, one after the other, by using the following procedure to select, set and
accept

each

setting.

When all settings have been entered, the entire settings set should be
reviewed for correctness before continuing with this procedure.

Setting application example OSC Data setting:

1. Press the RAISE push-button to display the OSC Data setting (upper-left corner of the
display).
2. Press the ENTER push-button to enable the value to be changed.
3. Press the RAISE push-button to display OSC Data to Trip.
4. Press the ENTER push-button to accept the new setting value.
5. The LCD display of Value Updated! Indicates the setting change is accepted.
6. Press the RAISE push-button to display the next setting and repeat Steps 1 thru 4 above.

NOTE: The ENTER push-button must be pressed to select each setting change indi-
vidually, not the entire group of settings.
NOTE: Before continuing with this procedure verify the Freq and CT Type settings
match the line frequency and current transformer input being used.
5.1.2 Input quantities Verication and Metering Display
STEP 4

Connect the test source according to Figure 5-4. This connection will be used for verification of
the Alarm 1 relay operation and the METER mode display. This connection will also be used for
the first test.

I.L. 40-386.1
111

Apply a balanced 3-phase voltage:
V

A

= 70 ang 0

V

B

= 70 ang -120

V

C

= 70 ang 120

Failure Alarm (AL-1) relay contacts (Terminals TB3-25 and TB3-26) are closed before the bal-
anced voltage is applied. After applying the balanced voltage verify the normally closed contacts
are open. That is, not in the alarm state.
Press the SELECT push-button again until the METER mode is selected. Displayed is the A
phase current, IA: and the value 0.0A, since no current is being applied, and the current angle
is blank. For any current value less than 0.5A, no current angle is displayed. This is also true for
currents IB and IC.

NOTE: ALL angle measurements (voltages and currents) are with reference to the A
phase voltage (VAG) which is always assumed at zero degrees, relative.

Press the RAISE or LOWER push-button to view the other currents, voltages and associated
angles. See Table 4-2 for the details of the METER mode displayed quantities.

5.1.3 TEST MODE

The TEST display mode provides diagnostics and testing capabilities for REL 301/302. Relay
self-check routine results, as previously described in Step 1 above, and output relay contact
testing are among the functions in the TEST mode. Also included is the ability to test front pan-
el LEDs and verification of selected contact inputs.

NOTE: In order to test the output contacts, place a jumper in the JP-5 position and re-
move this jumper after the test.
STEP 5

a. Press the SELECT push-button until the TEST mode is selected. Displayed is the result
of the self-test routine. Results of the self-check routine are represented by a hex number
in the VALUE FIELD of the Status function. A normal status, (relay system passing the
self-check routine) is STATUS 0. If REL 301/302 fails the self-check routine another hex
value is displayed, which can be interpreted to provide failure mode information.
For example if the display shows STATUS 1B, the binary equivalent which results is:
HEX VALUE 1 B
Binary Equiv. 0001 1011
Bit Number 7654 3210

112

Using the following table, failure mode can be determined by equating bit numbers (from above)
to failure description. A bit set to 1 indicates the corresponding failure has been detected.
For reference the binary-to-hexadecimal conversion is shown below:
RELAY STATUS FAILURE MODE
FAILURE DESCRIPTION BIT NUMBER
RAM Failure 0
EEPROM* Warning** 1
EPROM Checksum Fail *** 2
EEPROM Failure 3
Analog Input Failure 4
Microprocessor Failure 5
* Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (non - volatile memory
** EEPROM Warning indicates a non-fatal error related to the failure of the EEPROM
check routine. All data stored in the EEPROM is written to 3 identical arrays.
These arrays are continuously checked for agreement with each other. If any of the 3
arrays disagree (2 arrays must agree with each other) an EEPROM Warning is given.
This is the only failure which does not take the protection out of service. (Also the
Protection In-Service LED remains lighted.)
*** EPROM Checksum Failure indicates the program memory has failed.
With the exception noted above, (EEPROM Warning) relay tripping is blocked to
prevent false operation, upon failure of the self-check routine. Also the Protection In-
Service LED goes out.
HEX DIGIT
BINARY
REPRESENTATION
0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
A 1 0 1 0
B 1 0 1 1
C 1 1 0 1
D 1 1 0 1
E 1 1 1 0
F 1 1 1 1

I.L. 40-386.1
113

b. The TEST display mode also provides access for testing for REL 301/302 output relay
contacts. All output relays will be tested using the procedure described in Step 12. In asso-
ciation with the contact test, receiver 1 and/or 2 units can be simulated for verification of
REL 302 pilot logic. These input simulations will be used later in

Section 5.2 Pilot Accep-
tance Tests for REL 302.

As previously stated, when REL 301 or REL 302 are energized the system performs a complete
self-test/startup/initialization routine. Upon successful completion of the startup routine the sys-
tem firmware enters what is referred to as the background mode. In the background mode all
non-fault analysis functions are performed. In the background mode, current and voltage sam-
pling is done continuously (2 millisecond resolution) as well as the calculation of current and
voltage phasors. Also, when the system is in background mode MMI functions and (continuous)
self-checking are performed. See Figure 1-6 for software flowchart reference.
Tripping decisions are made in the fault mode. Both the REL 301 and REL 302 utilize a unique
disturbance detector that is used to switch from background mode to fault mode processing. In
fault mode only processing related to fault calculation trip logic analysis are done. All back-
ground mode functions not related to tripping are stopped.
The operate criteria for the disturbance detector (Fault Detector) are:
Phase current (

D

IA,

D

IB, or

D

IC) > 1.0A peak and 12.5% change
Ground current (

D

I0)>0.5 A peak
Phase voltage (

D

VA,

D

VB, or

D

VC) >7V and 12.5% change with a current change of

D

I>0.5 A
When one of the above is met, REL 301 or REL 302 will switch to fault mode processing.
In order to perform all tests, voltages will be applied first then the designated value of current
has to be

suddenly

applied. If REL 301 or REL 302 does not trip, adjust the current to a higher
value, and then suddenly reapply current. Unlike conventional electromechanical relays, slowly
ramping up the current will not cause Zone 1tripping. The current required to trip is shown for
each test.

5.1.4 Zone 1 Impedance Accuracy Check
STEP 6

The following impedance accuracy tests use a predetermined fault voltage and current for the
test impedance applied to the system under test. If it is desired by the user to test impedance
accuracy at another impedance setting, the following formula can be used to calculate test cur-
rent for any phase-to-ground fault, impedance setting:
where: PANG = Ang Pos
Z

R

= Z

0L

/Z

1L

From Table 5-4 (for example):

Zone1 G

=

4.5 Ohms
I
V
LN
Z
1G
COS PANG X ( ) 1
Z
R
1 ( )
3
--------------------- +
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =

114

Ang Pos.

=

75

ZOL/Z1L

=

3.0

using: X = 75

(lagging)
V

LN

= Fault voltage chosen for faulted phase, in this example 30 volts
The current required to trip = 4.00A +/- 5 % for fault current lagging fault voltage by 75

. This is
the maximum torque angle test. For other points on the MHO circle, change X to a value be-
tween 0

and 150

, and calculate the value of I.
With the system under test connected as shown in Figure 5-4 and with the settings from Table
5-1 (5-2 for REL 302) applied to the system, adjust the voltages as follows:
V

A

= 30 ang 0

V

B

= 70 ang -120

V

C

= 70 ang 120
Apply current to the A phase current input as shown. The current required to trip is 4.00 amps
5% at an angle of 75 lagging the fault voltage. This is the maximum torque angle test.
When the relay trips, remove the fault current. Zone 1 and AG LEDs will light. The LCD display
will indicate the fault distance. Using the RAISE and LOWER push-buttons the complete fault
record can be reviewed. See Table 4-3 for a description of the displayed fault data quantities.
The significant quantities to review are:
Fault Type FLT Type AG
Targets Zone1G Yes
Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0 and Currents (IA, IB, IC, IP)
All trip associated contact outputs, should be monitored as a part of this test. Connect appropri-
ate monitoring equipment to the dry contact outputs to be monitored. See Figures 4-1, 4-2 and
4-3 for contact output connection. Additionally, with an external jumper connected between
TB1-1 (SYST TEST) and FT-5 (BFI/RI ENA), the following can be observed:
1. Breaker failure initiate (BFI) BFIA-1 and BFIA-2 are closed as long as the fault is applied
after the trip decision is made. BFI contacts follow the trip contacts.
2. General Start (GS) contact will pick-up for approximately 50 ms immediately after the fault
is applied.
3. Trip alarm (Trip alarm, AL-2), relay will pick-up and remain picked up as long as the fault is
applied, after the trip decision is made. The AL-2 contact follows the trip contacts. After
the fault has been removed, AL-2 will remain picked up since the Trip Alarm is set to Seal-
in. Alarm 2 can then be reset by pushing the RESET push-button.
4. Reclosing Initiation (RI) contacts RI-1 and RI-2 will not operate since the setting RI type
is No RI. Change RI Type to G RI and re-apply the fault current. RI-1 and RI-2
should pick-up for approximately 400 ms (after the trip decision has been made).
I.L. 40-386.1
115
Repeat the A phase-to-ground fault test and measure the trip time, which should be less than 2
cycles.
The following formula can be used when PANG GANG:
Assume, PANG = Ang Pos, GANG = Ang Zero, ZR = Z
oL
/Z
1L
, Z
cq
= Setting of Zone-1G and
x = phase a or b or c.
or
or
where
or
Example:
Vag = 30 Z1g = 4.5 PANG = 85
GANG = 40 Zr = 3
This is the trip current (4.3A) at the maximum torque angle of -57.76 (current lags voltage by
57.76).
The following equation should be used for the angle of x on the mho circle:
V
xg
I
X
K
0
I
0
+ ( )Z
cg
=
V
xg
I
x
K
0
I
x
3
----------- +

Z
cg
=
I
X
V
xg
Z
cg
1
K
0
3
------ +

------------------------------- =
K
0
Z
0L
Z
1L
Z
1L
------------------------

=
Z
R
(GANG PANG) 1 =
I
X
V
xg
Z
cg
e
j PANG
1
Zr e
j GANG PANG ( )
1
3
------------------------------------------------------------ +
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ =
I
X
V
xg
Z
cg
e
PANG 1
3
--- Z
cg
Zr e
j GANG
+
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - =
I
a
30
2
3
--- 4.5 ( )e
j 85 1
3
--- 4.5 ( ) 3 ( )e
j 40
+
------------------------------------------------------------------ =
30
3 (85) j3 (85) 4.5 (40) j4.5 (40) sin + cos + sin + cos
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
4.31 57.76 ( ) =
I
ax
30
6.96 57.76 x ( ) cos
------------------------------------------------ =
116
Using Figure 5-5 and 5-6, repeat (preceding) step 6 for BG and CG faults. Note Targets.
STEP 7
Using the test connections shown in Figures 5-5 and 5-6, repeat Step 6 above for B phase-to-
ground (BG) and C phase-to-ground (CG) faults respectively. The test voltages are shown be-
low:
For BG fault test, make connections as shown in Figure 5-5 and adjust the voltages as follows:
V
A
= 70 ang 0
V
B
= V
F
= 30 ang -120
V
C
= 70 ang 120
Apply current to the B phase current input as shown. The current required to trip is 4.00 amps
5% at an angle of 75 lagging the fault voltage.
When the relay trips, remove the fault current. Zone 1 and BG LEDs will light. The LCD display
Fault Type FLT Type BG
Targets Zone1G Yes
Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0) and Currents (IA, IB, IC, IP)
For CG fault test make connections as shown in Figure 5-6 and adjust the voltages as follows:
V
A
= 70 ang 0
V
B
= 70 ang -120
V
C
= V
F
= 30 ang 120
Apply current to the C phase current input as shown. The current required to trip is 4.00 Amps
5% at the angle of 75 lagging the fault voltage.
When the relay trips, remove the fault current. Zone 1 and CG LEDs will light. The LCD display
Fault Type FLT Type CG
Targets Zone1G Yes
I.L. 40-386.1
117
5.1.5 Input Opto-Coupler Check (Also see Step 12)
STEP 8
External Reset
Apply an AG fault as described pin Step 6 above. As stated the Zone 1 and AG LEDs will light
and begin flashing. The LCD display will switch to the L-FLT mode and fault distance will be
displayed. Pressing the front panel RESET push-button will cause the LCD display switch to the
METER display and the LEDs to stop flashing.
Again apply an AG fault. Again the Zone 1 and AG LEDs will light and begin flashing. The LCD
display will switch to the L-FLT mode and fault distance will be displayed. Apply rated dc volt-
age to terminals TB4-7(+) and TB4-8(-). The LCD will display FLT Type, all fault data will be
erased and the LEDs will stop flashing. Remove the voltage from TB4-7 and TB4-8.
STEP 9
52b Input
Using the MMI change the setting of CIF Trip from No to Yes using the procedure in Step
4 above. Apply an AG fault as described in Step 6 above, except with a current of 2 Amp at an
angle of 75 lagging the fault voltage. The relay should not trip.
Apply rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-5(+) and TB4-6(-). Again apply an AG fault with a cur-
rent of 2 Amp at an angle of 75 lagging the fault voltage. The relay should trip and a review of
the target should show CIF Trip Yes. Remove the voltage from TB4-5 and TB4-6. Change
the setting of CIF Trip from Yes to No.
5.1.6 Input Transformer (Ip) Check
STEP 10
Change the following settings using the procedure in Step 3 above.
Zone 1 = Disabled (Zone 1 phase distance setting)
Zone 1G = Disabled (Zone 1 ground distance setting)
Dir Type = Dual Polariz. (Directional overcurrent polarization choice setting)
GB Type = CO-8 (Overcurrent ground backup curve family setting)
GBPickup = 0.5 Amps (Overcurrent ground backup pickup setting)
GBTCurve = 24 (Overcurrent ground backup curve selection setting)
GB Dir = YES (Overcurrent ground backup directional choice setting)
Since the GB Dir = YES, the Ground Backup logic is directional, torque controlled and is
supervised by Forward Directional Overcurrent Ground (FDOG) logic. In order to test the direc-
tional logic, 3 voltages must be applied for correct directional reference. With no voltage ap-
plied or if the setting of Loss -of-Potential Block (LOP Blk) is Yes and at least one input
voltage is zero volts, GB will be non-directional regardless of the GB Dir setting.
This test is to verify the dual polarizing or fourth current transformer input (Ip). For a dual polar-
izing ground directional unit test, connect the test circuit shown in Figure 5-7. Apply I
P
= 1.0A
-90 to terminals FT-13 (+) and FT-12 (-), and apply a balanced 3-phase voltage (V
a
= V
b
= V
c
= 70 Vac). Apply I
A
= 4A to terminals FT-15 (+) and FT-16 (-) to the system under test. Vary the
angle of I
A
relative to I
p
and observe tripping at all of the following angles of I
A
:
All angles between -3 and -177
118
Or -90 87, where -90 could be referred to as the maximum torque angle
When the relay trips, remove the fault current. OTHER will light. The LCD display will indicate
the fault distance. Using the RAISE and LOWER push-buttons the complete fault record can be
reviewed. See Table 4-3 for a description of the displayed fault data.
Targets GB Trip Yes
Using the same test connection, as above, the system should not trip at any of the following an-
gles of I
A
:
All angles between +3 and +177
Or +90 87, where +90 could be referred to as the zero torque angle
5.1.7 Output Contact and Input Circuit Verication Test
STEP 11
The purpose of this test is to check the hardware connections, output relay contact operation,
and input circuit verification.
To perform these tests, jumper #5 (JP5) on the microprocessor module, must be in place. (Refer
to paragraph entitled Acceptance Test at the beginning of this chapter for details.) Jumper #3
(JP3) is a spare jumper which is moved to the JP5 position for this test. Upon test completion,
if front panel output contact operation is not desired, remove JP5 and return it to the JP3 posi-
tion.
Press the SELECT push-button and scroll to the display to TEST mode. The display should
read STATUS 0 indicating the self-checking/startup/initialization routine was completed
successfully and the system is continuously passing the self-checking routine. Press the RAISE
push-button and scroll to contact output to be tested. All contact outputs can be tested. See the
CONNECTION SPECIFICATION CHART in Section 4.3 and Relay Output Test in Section
4.4.2.1 for contact listing and terminal references.
After scrolling to the contact output to be tested, for example Trip Relay, pressing the EN-
TER push-button will cause the trip relay to operate and hence the trip contacts to close. A sim-
ilar procedure is used to test any contact output.
NOTE: Testing of the trip contacts generates a target which is reported as simply
Test in the display. Trip contact testing is the only contact test which gener-
ates a target.
In the TEST mode verification of the LEDs functioning is accomplished by scrolling to the
LEDs Protection display and pressing the ENTER push-button. The protection LEDs will
light in the following sequence and remain lit while the ENTER push-button is depressed:
1. Pilot (REL 302 only) 6. BG
2. Zone 1 7. CG
I.L. 40-386.1
119
3. Zone 2 8. M
4. Zone 3 9. OTHER
5. AG
The following inputs can be tested, in the TEST mode, By applying voltage to each input and
observing the Inputs display. Scroll to the Inputs display, apply rated voltage and as each
input is energized, the associated display segment changes from to |.
This completes the REL 301 and REL 302 (non-pilot) Acceptance Test.
5. 2. PILOT ACCEPTANCE TESTS (FOR REL 302 ONLY)
5.2.1 Non-Pilot Acceptance Tests for REL 301/302
Perform the acceptance test procedures in Section 5.1 if not previously completed. These tests
are valid tests of hardware and firmware performance for either REL 301 or REL 302.
5.2.2 Input Opto-Coupler Check
STEP 12
Pilot Enable (PLT ENA)
In Step 3, Section 5.1, the settings from Table 5-5 should have been loaded for Non-Pilot Ac-
ceptance Tests. Change the following settings using the procedure in Step 4 above:
Pilot = YES (Enable pilot logic)
SystType = Blocking (Pilot system selection setting)
Pilot = 4.5 Ohms (Pilot phase distance reach setting)
Pilot G = 4.5 Ohms (Pilot ground distance reach setting)
Dir Type = Zero sequence (Directional overcurrent polarization choice setting)
GB Type = Disabled (Overcurrent ground backup curve family setting)
Test Using Blocking System
Apply an AG fault as described in Step 6 above. The REL 302 should not trip.
Apply rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-9(+) and TB4-10(-). Again apply an AG fault as de-
scribed in Step 6 above. When the relay trips, remove the fault current. PILOT and AG LEDs
will light. The LCD display will switch to the L-FLT mode and fault distance will be displayed.
Using the RAISE and LOWER push-buttons the complete fault record can be reviewed. See Table
4-3 for a description of the displayed fault data quantities.
Input Under Test Display
52a |- - - - -
52b - | - - - -
EXT RESET - - | - - -
PLT ENA (Pilot Enable, REL 302 only) - - - | - -
RCVR1 (Receiver 1, REL 302 only) - - - - | -
RCVR2 (Receiver 2, REL 302 only) - - - - - |
120
Targets Pilot G YES
Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0) and Currents (IA, IB, IC, 3I0)
Pressing the front panel RESET push-button will cause the LCD display to switch to the
METER display and the LEDs will stop flashing.
STEP 13
Receiver Inputs 1 and 2
Apply rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-9(+) and TB4-10(-) for tests a and b below.
a. Blocking System Test
Apply an AG fault as described in Step 6. The REL 302 should trip. When the relay trips,
remove the fault current. PILOT and AG LEDs will light. The LCD display will switch to the
L-FLT mode and fault distance will be displayed. Using the RAISE and LOWER push-but-
tons the complete fault record can be reviewed. See Table 4-2 for a description of the dis-
played fault data quantities.
The signicant quantities to review are:
Targets Pilot G YES
Fault Voltages (VA, VB, VC, 3V0) and Currents (IA, IB, IC, 3I0)
METER display and the LEDs will stop ashing.
Applying rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-11(+) and TB4-12(-) simulates the receipt of a
pilot blocking signal. Again apply an AG fault as described in Step 6. The REL 302 should
not trip. Remove voltage from terminals TB4-11 and TB4-12.
Receipt of the pilot signal can also be simulated from the front panel. Using the procedure
outlined in Step 5, press the SELECT push-button until the TEST mode is selected. Dis-
played is the result of the self-test routine which should show a normal status, Status 0.
Pressing the RAISE push-button, scroll to Rx1 display. Pressing the ENTER push-button
simulates the receipt of the blocking signal. While depressing the ENTER push-button, again
apply an AG fault. The REL 302 should not trip.
b. Permissive Overreach and Underreach Transfer Trip (POTT, PUTT) System Test
Change the following setting using the procedure in Step 3.
SystType= POTT (Pilot system selection setting)
Apply an AG fault as described in Step 6. The REL 302 should not trip.
Applying rated dc voltage to terminals TB4-11(+) and TB4-12(-) simulates the receipt of a
permissive signal. Again apply an AG fault as described in Step 6. The REL 302 should trip.
When the relay trips, remove the fault current. PILOT and AG LEDs will light. The LCD dis-
play will switch to the L-FLT mode and fault distance will be displayed. Using the RAISE
I.L. 40-386.1
121
and LOWER push-buttons the complete fault record can be reviewed. See Table 4-3 for a
description of the displayed fault data quantities.
The signicant quantities to review are
Targets Pilot G YES
METER display and the LEDs will stop ashing.
Receipt of the pilot signal can be simulated from the front panel as in Part a above. Using
the procedure outlined in Step 5, press the SELECT push-button until the TEST mode is
selected. Displayed is the result of the self-test routine which should show a normal status,
Status 0.
Pressing the RAISE push-button, scroll to Rx1 display. Pressing the ENTER push-button
simulates the receipt of the permissive signal. While depressing the ENTER push-button,
again apply an AG fault. The REL 302 should trip as in the test above as though voltage is
applied to the Receiver 1 input.
c. Repeat the tests in Part b. Above except using the Receiver 2 input by applying rated dc
voltage to terminals TB4-13(+) and TB4-14(-). In the front panel test substitute Rx2.
This completes the REL 302 Pilot Acceptance Test.
5. 3. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
NOTE: It is NOT recommended to perform any type of invasive periodic maintenance
test (requiring relay disassembly).
5.3.1 Periodic Maintenance Tests
5.3.1.1 Using Remote or Local Data Communication
Read Metering Values
Read Diagnostic Information
Monitor Relay Failure Indication
Remotely test Output Relay (Trip, Close, etc.)
Check for Failure Alarm via annunciator or network
Change real-time clock battery. (See Figure 5-3 for location.) Use a lithium type battery such
as Ray O Vac #BR2016.
5.3.1.2 Using Man-Machine Interface
Use the front display, and push-buttons to manually perform the tests described in Section
5.3.1.1 above.
5.3.1.3 Routine Visual Inspection
With the exception of routine visual inspection, the REL 301/302 relay assembly should be
maintenance free for one year. A program of routine visual inspection should include:
Condition of cabinet or other housing
Tightness of mounting hardware
122
Proper seating of subassemblies
Condition of external wiring
Appearance of printed circuit boards and components
Signs of overheating in equipment
5.3.1.4 Perform the Acceptance Test
Performing this test is optional if all other test results are acceptable.
5. 4. CALIBRATION
5.4.1 Pre-Calibration
NOTE: When the REL301/302 is being calibrated, move the jumper from JMP3 to JMP6
position on the Microprocessor Module. After calibration, replace the jumper
back to the original JMP3 position.
Three trimpots (P17, P16, P15) are used to calibrate the A/D converter; a variable capacitor (C6)
is used for clock calibration (see Figure 5-1and 5-3). The REL301/302 relay has been properly
adjusted at the factory; adjustments by the user are not required. The following Factory calibra-
tion procedure is for reference only.
1) Turn OFF all Vac and Vdc power.
2) Remove the cover and front panel by using a screw driver.
3) Connect together all terminals FT-1, 2, 3, 4, 12-19 through an external mating connector.
4) On the microprocessor module, move jumper from position JP3 to JP6 (see Figure 5-3).
5) On input/filter module, remove U6 (Sample/Hold device) from its socket.
6) Connect a digital voltmeter, with at least 5 digit accuracy, to TP3, and TP2 (common) on
the input/filter module.
7) Using a battery and potentiometer, connect the adjustable voltage to TP1, and common
to TP2 on the input/filter module. Apply voltage per steps 11 and 12 below.
8) Apply a rated dc voltage across FT-20 and FT-11. Turn ON the dc power source.
9) On the front panel, depress the SELECT push-button until the TEST mode is indicated.
5.4.2 A/D Calibration
10) Raise the Function field, on LCD display to A/D CAL mode. The value field display shows
the average Hex value of the analog input over one cycle.
11) Set the Voltmeter input to -4.99878 Vdc. Adjust Pot P16 until the Value display reads
C009.
12) Set the voltmeter input to +4.99634 Vdc. Adjust Pot 17 until the Value display reds 3FF4.
13) Turn OFF the dc power supply.
14) Remove the battery voltage from TP1 and TP2.
15) Remove the digital voltmeter.
I.L. 40-386.1
123
16) Replace U6 in its socket.
17) Turn ON the dc power supply and adjust Pot P15 until the Value display reads 0 or FFFF
Hex.
5.4.3 Real-Time Clock Calibration on Microprocessor Module
18) Connect a precision period counter instrument to TP1, on the microprocessor module
and TP7 (common) on the input/filter module.
19) On the microprocessor module, adjust variable capacitor (C6) and read the period of
pulses at TP1. It should be 1.000000 second ( 0.000002).
20) Turn OFF the dc power supply.
21) Remove the power leads and external connector.
22) On the microprocessor module, move jumper from position JP6 to JP3 and replace front
panel with six mounting screws.
124
F
i
g
u
r
e

5
-
1
:

F
i
l
t
e
r

(
I
n
p
u
t
)

M
o
d
u
l
e
1
6
1
2
C
3
4
S
h
e
e
t

3

o
f

3
S
u
b

2
52a
52b
EXT
RESET
PILOT
RCVR
RCVR
SYNC
CHECK
REFERENCE
2
1
ENABLE
Not Used
2
2
0
/
2
5
0
4
8
/
1
2
5
1
5
/
2
0
2
2
0
/
2
5
0
4
8
/
1
2
5
1
5
/
2
2
0
/
2
5
0
4
8
/
1
2
5
2
0
1
5
/
2
0
15/
220/
250
48/
125
20
15/
220/
250
48/
125
20
220/250
15/20
48/125
*
*
*
*
*
*
* Inputs are in Volts dc
Common for clock calibration
Sample/Hold Device
Test Points for A/D
Calibration
Trim Pots for A/D
Calibration
I.L. 40-386.1
125
F
i
g
u
r
e

5
-
2
:

P
o
w
e
r

S
u
p
p
l
y
/
O
u
t
p
u
t

M
o
d
u
l
e
JMP1
NO NC
JMP2
NO NC
JMP5
NO NC
JMP4
NO NC
JMP3
NO NC
JMP6
NC NO
J
M
P
7
NC NO
CARRIER
STOP
CARRIER
SEND
OC 4
OC 3
AL - 1
AL - 2
OC 2
1
6
1
2
C
6
8
S
h
e
e
t

4

o
f

4
S
u
b

4
126
Figure 5-3: Microprocessor Module
JP6
JP5
J
P
3
J
P
4
Clock Battery
1613C55
Sheet 3 of 3
Sub 6
Variable Capacitor for Clock
Calibration
I
.
L
.

4
0
-
3
8
6
.
1

1
2
7
Figure 5-4: Test Connection for A - Ground Test
+
-
Va
Vb
Vc
If
+
-
+
-
+
-
REL 301/302
(Front View)
Rated dc Voltage
(+)
(-) (Check Nameplate)
FInstall this jumper if dual
polarizing not used
F
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
9
8
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
11
12
13
I
N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
N

M
A
N
U
A
L

R
E
L

3
0
1
/
3
0
2
1
2
8
Figure 5-5: Test Connection for B-Ground Test
+
-
Va
Vb
Vc
If
+
-
+
-
+
-
REL 301/302
(Front View)
Rated dc Voltage
(+)
(-)
(Check Nameplate)
F
polarizing not used
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
9
8
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
11
12
13
I
.
L
.

4
0
-
3
8
6
.
1

1
2
9
Figure 5-6: Test Connection for C-Ground Test
+
-
Va
Vb
Vc
If
+
-
+
-
+
-
REL 301/302
(Front View)
Rated dc Voltage
(+)
(-)
(Check Nameplate)
polarizing not used
F
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
9
8
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
11
12
13
I
N
S
T
R
U
C
T
I
O
N

M
A
N
U
A
L

R
E
L

3
0
1
/
3
0
2
1
3
0
Figure 5-7: Test Connection for A-Ground Test (Dual Polarizing)
+
-
Va
Vb
Vc
If
+
-
+
-
+
-
REL 301/302
(Front View)
Rated dc Voltage
(+)
(-)
(Check Nameplate)
Ip
+
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
9
8
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
11
12
13
I.L. 40-386.1
131
Table 5-4: REL 301 SETTINGS (NON-PILOT SYSTEM)
(As Displayed on Front Panel LCD)
VERSION X.XX
OSC Data Trip
FLT Data Trip
CT Ratio 1000
VT Ratio 2000
Freq 60 Hz
CT Type 5 amps
Read Out Secondary Units
X/Dist 0.500 W/Km
Dist Unit Kilometers
RI Type No RI
Fast RI Z1/Inst I
Zone 2 RI NO
Zone 3 RI NO
Sys Type Non Pilot
Zone1 4.50 Ohms
Zone1 G 4.50 Ohms
T1 Timer 0 Cycles
Zone2 Disabled
T2 Type Definite Time
T2 Time 1.00 sec
Zone2 G Disabled
T2G Type Definite Time
T2G Time 1.50 sec
Zone3 Disabled
T3 2.00 sec
Zone3 G Disabled
T3 G 2.50 sec
Zone 3 Forward Dir
Ang Pos. 75
Ang Zero 75
Z0L/Z1L 3.0
Low V 60 Volts
Low I 0.50 amps
IM 0.50 amps
3IOs 0.50 amps
3IOm 0.50 amps
Inst. Disabled
Inst. G Disabled
OS Block NO
OSOT 4000 sec
OS Inner 15.00 Ohms
OS Outer 15.00 Ohms
Dir Type Zero Sequence
GB Type Disabled
GB Pickup 0.50 amps
GBT Curve 24
GB Dir YES
CIF Trip NO
LL Trip NO
LOP Blk NO
LOI Blk NO
Trip Alm Seal-in
Rem. Set Remote Allowed
Set Time NO
NOTE: This REL 301 settings table is for 60 Hz and 5A ct systems. For 1A ct, change Zone1 ,
Zone1 G, Zone2 , Zone2 G, Zone3 , Zone3 G, OS Inner, OS Outer by multiplying a factor
of 5, and all current values mentioned in the text should be multiplied by a factor of 0.02.
132
Table 5-5: REL 302 SETTINGS (PILOT SYSTEM)
(As Displayed on Front Panel LCD)
VERSION X.XX
OSC Data Trip
FLT Data Trip
CT Ratio 1000
VT Ratio 2000
Freq 60 Hz
CT Type 5 amps
Read Out Secondary Units
X/Dist 0.500 W/Km
Dist Unit Kilometers
RI Type No RI
Fast RI Z1/Inst I
Zone2 RI NO
Zone3 RI NO
RemBF RB NO
Pilot NO
SystType Non-Pilot
FDOG Time Blocked
Weakfeed NO
3-Term NO
Blk Time 0 msec
Pilot Disabled
Pilot G Disabled
Zone1 4.50 Ohms
Zone1 G 4.50 Ohms
T1 Timer 0 Cycles
Zone2 Disabled
T2 Type Definite Time
T2 Time 1.00 sec
Zone2 G Disabled
T2G Type Definite Time
T2G Time 1.50 sec
Zone3 Disabled
T3 2.00 sec
Zone3 G Disabled
T3 G 2.50 sec
Zone 3 Forward Dir
Ang Pos. 75
Ang Zero 75
Z0L/Z1L 3.0
Low V 60 Volts
Low I 0.50 amps
IM 0.50 amps
3IOs 0.50 amps
3IOm 0.50 amps
Inst. Disabled
Inst. G Disabled
OS Block NO
OSOT 4000 sec
OS Inner 15.00 Ohms
OS Outer 15.00 Ohms
Dir Type Zero Sequence
GB Type Disabled
GB Pickup 0.50 amps
GBT Curve 24
GB Dir YES
CIF Trip NO
LL Trip NO
LOP Blk NO
LOI Blk NO
Trip Alm Seal-in
Rem. Set Remote Allowed
Set Time NO
NOTE: This REL 301 settings table is for 60 Hz and 5A ct systems. For 1A ct, change Zone1 ,
Zone1 G, Zone2 , Zone2 G, Zone3 , Zone3 G, OS Inner, OS Outer by multiplying a factor
of 5, and all current values mentioned in the text should be multiplied by a factor of 0.02.
I.L. 40-386.1
133
Table 5-6: REL 301/302 Reference Drawings
Drawing Name Drawing Number (Sheet Numbers)
General Drawing 2678F11 (1,2,3,4)
Filter Module Schematic 1612C33 (1,2)
Filter Module Assembly 1612C34 (1,2,3)
Backplane Module Schematic 1357C85
Backplane Module Assembly 1612C53 (1,2,3)
Power Supply Module Schematic 1357D14
Power Supply Module Assembly 1612C68 (1,2,3,4)
CT Module Schematic 1503B32
CT Module Assembly 1612C79 (1,2)
VT Module Schematic 1503B33
VT Module Assembly 1612C80(1,2)
Microprocessor Module Schematic 1357D38 (1,2)
Microprocessor Module Assembly 1613C55 (1,2,3)
Display Module (MMI) Schematic 1613C76
Display Module (MMI) Assembly 1613C69 (1,2)
Reclosing Module Schematic 1614C17 (1,2,3,4)
Reclosing Module Assembly 1614C19 (1,2)
Firmware Upgrade Procedure L - 682A34
134
RESERVED FOR NOTES

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REL301/302 Firmware Version 1.

Table 4-1: Setting Display

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