21 APRIL 06

JUNE 2014
STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK
EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)
2014

TRAINING REPORT

ON
By:
OPAWOLE TOSIN MOSES
(171012)
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THREE MONTHS TRAINING REPORT

ON

STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES) - TIT 399



ACHIEVED WITH

REDGREY ASSOCIATES
10TH FLOOR, ELEGANZA BUILDING,
ADEYEMO ALAKIJA STREET,
VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS STATE.


PREPARED BY


OPAWOLE TOSIN MOSES
171012

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PREPARED FOR


INDUSTRIAL TRAINING COORDINATING CENTRE (ITCC)
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN,
IBADAN.

July 11, 2014
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400 Level,
Civil Engineering Department,
Faculty of Technology,
11th July, 2014 .
The Director,
Industrial Training Coordinating Center,
University of Ibadan.

Dear Sir,
THREE MONTHS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT SUBMISSION LETTER
I, Opawole Tosin Moses, a Civil Engineering student with matriculation number 171012
hereby submit the works report for the just concluded three months Industrial Training
Program which was undertaken at Redgrey Associates, 10th floor Eleganza Building,
Adeyemo Alakija Street, Lagos State.
The submission is a reflection of the actual experience acquired during the Industrial
Training Program starting from 14th of April, 2014 to 6th of June 2014 as required by
the Centre.

Thanks.
Yours faithfully,
Opawole Tosin Moses
171012







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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT



God, my parents, people that have in
one way or the other touched my life and
to myself for masterminding the writing
of this report!














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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FRONT PAGE 1
TITLE PAGE 2
LETTER OF SUBMISSION 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
ABSTRACT 6
Chapter One
1.1 INTRODUCTION 8
1.2 COMPANY PROFILE 9
Chapter Two
PROJECTS ENCOUNTERED: Design 10
Chapter Three
PROJECTS ENCOUNTERED: Site Works 19
Chapter Four
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 28

REFERENCES 29

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ABSTRACT
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) as intended by Nigerian
Government was introduced as a means to skills-training and competence-building
intervention for students of tertiary institutions. SIWES was established in 1973 by the
industrial training fund ITF. This was a reaction to the directive given to ITF through
Decree 47 of 1971, charging it with the responsibility of promoting and encouraging the
acquisition of skills in industry and commerce with the view to generating a pool of
trained indigenous manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the economy.
SIWES has the potential of increasing the scope and variety of technical skills in the
common phases for the industrial, technological and economic development. The
projected stakeholders in the SIWES project include the students, institution and
employers (the attachable organizations and companies). This basically is expected to
enhance full participation and cooperation of the stakeholders and also, minimizes the
gap between theoretical knowledge acquisition and the practical experience of
students. Participating in this scheme is a valid requirement to meet BSc. (Hons) award
for Civil and Environmental Engineering.

Obviously, Entrepreneurs engaged in Civil and Environmental Engineering works (design
and construction) have made available privileges to intending students to get attached
to their establishments in order to make realistic the vision of the Nigerian Government.
The scheme has not only improved local content participation but also has created job
opportunities to students who are diligent in their doings while on the scheme.

This is a report aimed at briefing my experience while I was involved in The Students
Industrial Work-Experience Scheme (SIWES) and what I think could be done to improve
the scheme. I was taught and engaged the basic stages involved in the design of a
structure (which involves the breaking down of the structure into panels), preliminary
design (which involves estimating the sizes of the members and checking if they will
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satisfy both ultimate and limit state design criterion), final design involves the analysis
and design of the structure. I was taught how to design and model a structure using
softwares like Ms-Excel (spreadsheet), AutoCAD, Orion, Beamax, and ETABS, without
leaving out guidance on basic detailing strategies. The softwares earlier stated are
priorities in various Civil & Environmental Engineering works.

This report comprises of four chapters: chapter one is introduction and briefs of SIWES
and company profile, chapter two contains the design experience acquired, chapter
three further showcase the site experience acquired while chapter four is conclusion
and recommendations.


















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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 SIWES: Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme:
SIWES a scheme by ITF Industrial Training Fund was established in 1973 to solve
the problem of lack of adequate practical skills preparatory for employment in
industries by graduates of Nigerian tertiary institutions. SIWES is intended to expose
technical undergraduates basically to industry based skills necessary for a smooth
transition of knowledge from the walls of their schools to the realm of professional
practice. It radically encourages students technical undergraduates of tertiary
institutions to initial handling and use of industrial machineries, tools, instruments,
wears and realistic visits to sites related to their courses of study. This as expected
enhances further understanding for all participating to students as they engaged a
more advanced level of study in their fourth and final year as an undergraduate.
With this Scheme Nigerian academic standard is made real and feasible.
Participation in SIWES is as of now a compulsory criterion for the award of Diploma
and Degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institutions of higher learning
in the country, in accordance with the education policy of government.
AIMS OF SIWES
Lightly listed as:
I. Availability of practical skills, understanding and experience to students in
their respective fields.
II. Platform for creativity with ability to explore options in solving problems
and achieving success in the participating students.
III. To subdue professional fear and improve confidence of students in their
line of study.
IV. To improve the quality and reasonability of students being discharged to
the nations workforce at the end of their undergraduate study.
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COMPANY PROFILE
1.1 GENERAL SURVEY OF THE FIRM
REDGREY ASSOCIATES is located at 10th floor, Eleganza building, Adeyemo Alakija
Street, Victoria island, Lagos State, Nigeria. Founded in 2004, Redgrey is a full service,
civil engineering and management consulting firm. The firm focuses on civil engineering
(structural designing, development engineering, conceptual engineering and
supervision), architecture, quantity surveying and project management. The
management team is backed by committed and dedicated employees with combined
skills and expertise. This enables the firm to offer their clients a service that is not only
expected, but deserved.

1.2 TOOLS IMPLEMENTED IN THE FIRM
The Company has, for many years, recognized the importance and enhanced
capabilities of computer and their role in engineering. Accordingly, REDGREY Associates
has progressively installed and updated extensive in-house computer systems that are
in daily use.The softwares used in the firm for structural analysis, design, drawings and
detailing are:
AutoCAD: for setting out the general arrangement drawing (G.A.) for detailing
structural elements
RCC spread sheets: for designing slabs, beams, columns, staircases, foundation
and bar bending schedule.
ORION Ver. 14, 15.1, 16.0: for both design and detailing of structures.
ETABS by COMPUTER AND STRUCTURES Inc.
SAFE by COMPUTER AND STRUCTURES Inc.
Beamax: for structural member analysis


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Steel safety factor: 0.95 Steel safety factor: 0.95
Solid slabs Solid slabs
roof slab GF slab
topping 0 ribs 1000 topping 0 ribs 1000
pots: width 0 height 100 pots: width 0 height 100
load g: topping - KN/m2 load g: topping - KN/m2
ribs 2.40 KN/m2 ribs 2.40 KN/m2
pots - KN/m2 pots - KN/m2
screed 1.32 KN/m2 screed 1.32 KN/m2
plaster 0.36 KN/m2 plaster 0.36 KN/m2
walls - KN/m2 walls 1.50 KN/m2
LOAD: g(k)= 4.08 q(k)= 0.75 LOAD: g(k)= 5.58 q(k)= 3
1.4g+1.6q= 6.91 KN/m2 1.4g+1.6q= 12.61 KN/m2
CHAPTER TWO
PROJECTS ENCOUNTERED: Design
During my stay at REDGREY ASSOCIATES (RGA), I was exposed to Civil Engineering
consulting business prosper. The firms operations comprise of structural design and
site supervision of Civil and Environmental projects; Development of Pan-Atlantic
University (PAU) undergraduate site located at Eleko along Lekki-Epe expressway is one
of the firms major projects.
I got acquainted with the firms mode of operation the Phase I and Phase II stages of
design; Once the firm is commissioned for a project and architectural drawings received
in both hard and soft copies, the Phase I design stage commences. A preliminary design
is carried out which entails load estimation based on BS 6399, and preliminary sizing of
structural members with reference to Table 3.19 BS 8110-1:1997. From the foregoing,
the approximate overall weight of the building is estimated. The ultimate design load
(n) of each floor is summed up including the roof load in kN/m
2
to obtain the total
weight of the building which is thereby divided by the building area to obtain the total
weight of the building in kN/m.




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The above information is made available to the geotechnical engineering company
which therefore carried out geotechnical investigation to obtain subsoil and ground
water conditions of the site. A comprehensive report is therefore prepared based on
acquired information from the geotechnical investigation. The report provides
information about the geological settings of the site, soil profile, ground water level and
recommendations on the type of foundation to be adapted based on the weight of the
building estimated by the structural engineer.















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RGA therefore prepares sets of structural drawings (stamped) based on preliminary
design made previously which is sent in conjunction with architectural, electrical and
mechanical drawings to Lagos State Building Control Agency for approval. The structural
drawings contain Foundation Layouts, Ground floor and other floors layouts with piece
by piece detailing of all structural elements. The Layouts/General arrangements show
beam and column sizes, slab thickness and levels with reference to setup datum. The
structural layouts were modeled analyzed with Orion RC design software.
SUSBSOIL INFORMATION:
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PAU STUDENTS CENTRE: GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT
PAU STUDENTS CENTRE: FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT:
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PAU STUDENTS CENTRE 3D MODEL
PAU STUDENTS CENTRE: DEFORMED SHAPE
DISPLAY
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PAU STUDENTS CENTRE: ANALYSIS RESULTS BENDING MOMENTS DIAGRAM
PAU STUDENTS CENTRE: ANALYSIS RESULTS SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
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In the Phase II design stage, the structural layouts were modeled, analyzed and
designed in ETABS. The results of the analysis and area of steel provided by ETABS were
exported to Excel spreadsheet. A graph showing the reinforcements required for all
beams were generated using PIVOT CHART in Excel, this was used to properly detail the
beams. The beams elevations were imported via DXF from Orion.



This firm uses two softwares: Orion and Etabs to achieve their analysis and design.




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The followings were some of the aspects of works I participated in:
I prepared bending schedules of beams and columns using AutoCAD.

I was involved with a follow up of strip foundation design of School of Media,
Pan African University, Ibeju-Lekki campus. It was modeled and designed
using structural design software ETABS, it structural analysis principle is
based on finite element method of analysis. The foundation provides for a
suspended ground floor carried by 900x230mm ground beams and
400x300mm suspended beams having concrete characteristic of fcu= 21
N/mm
2
.

I was involved in the modeling of PAU students centre building with Orion and
Etabs.

I designed and detailed the first floor and roof slabs of the above mentioned
project.

I carried out preliminary design and preparation of structural layouts for an
office complex located at Cheveron roundabout along Lekki-Epe express way.

I compiled in PDF format and print out drawings for an already completed
project in Ajah. The drawings were submitted to the Quantity Surveyor for re-
measurement of the work done on the site.







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PLATE 12
TYPICAL BEAMS AND COLUMNS ELEVATION & BENDING SCHEDULES
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CHAPTER THREE
PROJECTS ENCOUNTERED: Site Works
Construction of building involves many different trades, materials, operations, and
schedules that must be properly managed in order to meet a budgeted amount or time
period expected for occupancy. A general contractor is selected and awarded the
contract to construct and build to clients specifications. The construction process is
often wrought with uncertainty and unpredictable events, but once everything is
completed, a sense of satisfaction (and relief) is had by all.

The role of a structural engineering firm is an integral part of a construction process,
which includes preparation of construction drawings after rigorous calculations had
been done and supervision of works carried out by the general contractor.
During my SIWES, so many construction projects were on-going. Which are: PAU
Academic complex, PAU students Centre, Lagoon Hospitality Unit and Dining Extension,
Enterprise Development Centre (EDC) and the PAU Male Residence. Site meetings were
held fortnightly for each project. At the meeting, different consultants meet to discuss
technical issues as regard the project. The meetings were being head by a Project
Manager which is usually an Architect, clients representative, the structural
engineering consultant, Quantity surveyor, Mechanical and Electrical consultants and
the general contractors team.

Before every meeting, the site is briefly inspected and issues are being raised on any
aspect of work that are not to specifications and the structural engineer in-charge of the
project issues an instruction to the client which is properly documented for future
reference in case the general contractor do not follow the instructions. The site meeting
is a tool used by the PM to track the progress of work, identify problems that can cause
delay, provide solution, assign responsibility and give a time-line to all tasks.
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Apart from the regular site meetings, the general contractors do schedule site
inspection with the structural engineer prior to the casting of any structural elements.
During the inspection the following were looked out for:
Drawings: it must be approved and current
Formwork: shapes, size and level must conform
Reinforcement Bars: diameter, numbers, spacing, shape, length, positions and
conditions as regard corrosion.
Concrete cover: as specified in the drawing. It must be minimum
Cleanliness: the site is also checked for any form dirt that can affect the quality
of concrete to be poured by the general contractor.
Opening for concreting: the rebars must not be congested that will affect
concrete pouring and cause voids in the structural elements after casting.
An Engineers Instruction is issued to the general contractor stating that the contractor
can proceed to pour concrete depending on if the above mentioned items and
acceptance criteria are met and if not, Instruction is issued for remedial actions.











PAU STUDENTS CENTRE: ROOF REINFORCEMENT WORK
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PAU STUDENTS CENTRE: VIEWS
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LAGOON HOSPITALITY UNIT FIRST FLOOR REINFORCEMENT WORK
LAGOON HOSPITALITY UNIT FIRST FLOOR FORMWORK
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LAGOON DINING EXTENSION ROOF FORMWORK ERECTION
LAGOON HOSPITALITY UNIT FIRST FLOOR ALREADY CAST CONCRETE

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The followings were some of the aspects of works I participated in:
I was taught to identify bar sizes and their numbers.

I was involved in the counting of stirrups and spacings fixed in beams

I measured formwork depth check for concrete cover.

I helped to read drawings and determined if there is any issue.

One experience worth to mention was columns which the concrete strength did not
conform. The concrete design characteristics strength is 21 N/mm
2
while the value
obtained after crushing the test cubes samples at 28 days was 11 N/mm
2
. The general
contractor was summoned for a meeting and RGA team of engineers provided remedial
action to salvage the situation. The design loads (N) on each column were used to
redesign the columns with an fcu of 11 N/mm
2
, this result in increasing the cross-
sectional area of the concrete in order to increase the carrying capacity of the column.
The general contractor was made bear the cost of the repair works.

To rescue the situation, the surrounding beams and slabs of the columns were properly
propped and the existing columns were bush-hammered to expose existing
reinforcement bars. New reinforcement bars welded on steel plates (longitudinal and
stirrups) were provided and installed. A new formwork was built up and concrete was
poured thereby increasing the columns section.











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CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED
I will like to make known a few of the challenges I encountered while at duty during my
participation in SIWES.
They can be described thus;
The first and basic challenge I had during this program was the creation of office
relationship which seems to be due to age and qualification differences, at about the
first one week of the program.
At the time of visiting PAU project, I got uneasy over time of travel and the expanse of
site we had to walk through because the project vehicle could not navigate all parts of
the site.
Though, I was good with the use of AutoCAD software I found out I was to an extent
slow due to the pace at which work is done and expected at the office.
So, I decided to always ask questions on how to be fast with the software and also with
the use of shortcuts on the program.
The office (supervisors) never made my challenges my problem but took time to help
me overtake them. They made the use of structural engineering softwares easy for me.












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CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
I wish to conclude this report with the opinion that the Industrial Work Experience
Scheme has proved inestimably value in helping me appreciate the professional
relevance of the theoretical knowledge acquired in my course of study over the
years. The scheme also, to me as a Civil engineering student has encouraged
practical applications of structural terms in reinforced concrete and steel design
alongside relevance of subsoil investigations and various types of foundation.
The scheme has obviously introduced all stages/phases and part skills of Civil
engineering design and construction to me in a stretch of just 7 weeks.
Based on the acquired experience in Civil Engineering Consulting and project
management, I will like to write that the following should be more focused on if
existing in the academic curriculum, if not should be introduced.

This opinion includes:
Introductory courses on professional human relation and resourcing should be
offered to undergraduates as early as possible in their academic years.
The practical aspects of our theoretical curricula should be properly adhered to
such that it becomes part of us.
Enlightening courses on project management and perhaps business/marketing
engineering should be encouraged as a criterion to having a certified degree. This
will in a way help displace to extremity unemployment.
Finally, I wish to recommend that participating institutions should enforce the
supervision aspect of the program to ensure students sincerity to the scheme.
I think SIWES would be much more effective if silent observers are positioned in
various organizations to give an accurate evaluation of the working style and
situations of its SIWES students.
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References
Institution of Civil Engineers www.ice.org
www.icivilengineer.com
British Standard Codes on Reinforced Concrete Design
ROCLA Concrete Handbook, Murray & Roberts Company.
Industrial Training Log-Book.
RGA Design Standars
ETABS Training Manual
ORION Training Manual