Atienza, Vina Marie A.

CE-5202

COMPONENTS of TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

For transportation to take place, four core components are essential:

Modes. They represent the conveyances, mostly taking the form of vehicles that are
used to convey mobility to passengers or freight. Some modes are designed to carry
only passengers or freight, while others can carry both.
Infrastructures. The physical support of transport modes, where routes (e.g. rail tracks,
canals or highways) and terminals (e.g. ports or airports) are the most significant
components.
Networks. A system of linked locations that are used to represent the functional and
spatial organization of transportation. It indicates which locations are serviced and how
they are serviced. Within a network some locations are more accessible (more
connections) than others (less connections).
Flows. Movements of people, freight and information over their respective networks.
Flows have origins, intermediary locations and destinations. An intermediary location is
often required to go from an origin to a destination. For instance, flying from one airport
to another may require a transit at hub airport.

MODES OF TRANSPORT
1. Air Transport
Air transport includes all transport through the air by aircraft. In an urban or
regional context this air transport includes local air traffic such as small airplanes or
helicopters. From a broader perspective air transport within urban or regional areas
include passenger and freight air routes that cross urban or regional areas. In the
context of urban security air transport is explicitly high impact. As experienced during
9/11 and other terrorist threats the consequences of failing security are devastating.
Air traffic is therefore extremely well monitored, both in terms of passengers or
freight as in terms of routing and operations management.

Example: Hot Air Balloons, Blimps, Zeppelins, Airplanes, Helicopters


2. Land Transport
Land transportation simply means any form of transportation that takes place on
land. This can be through road, rail, it can be facilitated by animals such donkeys
and camels or use a combination of the wheel with electric or fuel powered engines
to move people and freight quickly and efficiently. Land transport is the most
common means of transport in most places in the world.
Rail - the movement of passengers and goods using wheeled vehicles, made to
run on railway tracks.
Roads - route or way on land between two places, which allow travel, including a
horse, cart, or motor vehicle.
Human-powered - the transport of people and/or goods of walking, running and
swimming.
Animal-powered - the use of working animals for the movement of people and
goods.

3. Water Transport
Water transport is movement by means of a watercraft such as
a barge, boat, ship or sailboat over a body of water, such as
a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river. The need for buoyancy is common to watercraft,
making the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance and appearance.
It is the least expensive and slowest mode of freight transport. It is generally used to
transport heavy products over long distances when speed is not an issue.
Example: sailboats, ships, submarines, hoover crafts, water planes, surf board,
and ferries.

4. Other modes
Pipeline transport sends goods through a pipe, most commonly liquid and gases are
sent, but pneumatic tubes can also send solid capsules using compressed air. For
liquids/gases, any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline.
Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry, water and beer, while long-distance
networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.

Cable transport is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an
internal power source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions
include aerial tramway, elevators, escalator and ski lifts; some of these are also
categorized as conveyor transport.

Space transport is transport out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space by means of
a spacecraft. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely
used except to put satellites into orbit, and conduct scientific experiments.






References
http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch1en/conc1en/components_transportation.html
http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/transportation.html
http://www.ehow.com/about_4813389_different-types-air-transportation.html
http://securipedia.eu/mediawiki/index.php/Modes_of_transport