Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea

The act will not make a person guilty unless the mind is also guilty.
Generally speaking, for a person to be found guilty of a criminal offence he or she must have committed
an illegal act (actus reus) and had the required state of mind (mens rea) for the criminal offence. The
Crown must prove both elements of the offence, the actus reus and the mens rea, beyond a reasonable
doubt. Actus reus is Latin for guilty act. It is common sense that a person must be found to have done
the illegal act before she or he can be convicted of the crime. The guilty act can be something a person
does or something a person omits to do, i.e. something a person is required to do but fails to do.
Commission of an act: Luis and Jimmy are playing outside with a pellet gun Jimmy got for his 14
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birthday. Jimmy is bored and decides to test the gun out on neighbourhood animals. When a stray cat
runs by, Jimmy shoots and injures it.
Omission of an act: Malcolm has always wanted a dog so one day he goes to the Humane Society and
gets one. At first Malcolm takes good care of the dog but when things get busy at work, he starts to
neglect it. Eventually the dog becomes sick and malnourished because Malcolm has stopped feeding it
regularly.
Mens rea is Latin for guilty mind.
As mentioned above, there are several different types of mens rea. In other words, there aredifferent
types of mental states for different criminal offences. They include (1) intention; (2) wilful blindness;
and, (3) criminal negligence, among others.
Intention a person intends to commit the actus reus
E.g. Alice walks up to Michael and punches him in the face. Michaels nose is broken by Alices punch.
The act was deliberate.
Wilful blindness a person knows of the possibility of illegality but chooses not to ask questions or
investigate the situation
E.g. Amanda and Keisha are walking down the street when they come across some DVD stalls. Keisha
notices the DVDs are a lot of cheaper than in the store. She wonders if they might be illegal copies. She
decides that shed rather not know either way. She buys two DVDs for $8.
Criminal negligence while this person did not realize the consequences of her or his actions, a
reasonable person should have
E.g. Samantha runs a daycare centre. She lets the children run all over the centre. Several times children
have fallen down the stairs. It never occurs to Samantha to buy a proper gate to keep the children away
from the stairs. Oneday, little Lee falls down the stairs and is very seriously injured.
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If a person does not intend to commit the illegal act, then they may not be guilty of a crime.
For example, although it is an assault to hit someone, if the hit is not intended, it is not an assault.
E.g. Trisha is in the schoolyard and is swarmed by bees. Trying to prevent getting stung by the bees,
Trisha swats them in a state of panic. While she is flailing at the bees, her arm hits Dwayne violently in
the face. Trishas action breaks Dwaynes nose
1. Describe a common situation where someone commits an illegal act but does not intend to:
where someone accidentally or unintentionally harms another person.
where a person possesses something illegal but either does not know the nature of the substance or does
not realize he has it.
where someone is acting on a mistaken set of facts. .

1. Describe a common situation where someone commits an illegal act but does not intend to:
(i)where someone accidentally or unintentionally harms another person. This could include unintentional
physical acts (i.e. hitting someone while sleepwalking) or an intentional physical act that unintentionally
harms another person (i.e. the bee example above).
(ii) where a person possesses something illegal but either does not know the nature of the substance (i.e.
he believes the cocaine is baking soda) or does not realize he has it.
(iii)in cases where someone is acting on a mistaken set of facts. For example, a vendor might sell alcohol
to a minor who appears to be over 19 without realizing that the minor is actually under-age. However, it
doesnt matter if the person is ignorant of the law or is wilfully blind by not checking ID.