Introduction

Modernization creates a massive effect on the intellect of every

individual and on their morals as well. It makes the students to be so lax and
leads them do unnecessary things. Most people have heard or witnessed
someone cheating, be it at a game, at work, or during a sporting event.

Cheating is one of the ethical issues which we have chosen. It is
defined as presenting someone elses work as your own. Cheating also
refers to an immoral way of achieving a goal, such as cheating in exam. It is
generally used for the breaking of rules to gain unfair advantage in a
competitive situation. With regards to students behavior, cheating is very
rampant in todays generation as compared in the past.

Cheating at school is often a group effort, with one student collecting
answers from a test and passing them on to friends within a group. Students
are often able to memorize only the answers in a short amount of time prior
to class, though some invent ways to write the answers in code on a hand or
concealed piece of paper.

Students are tempted to cheat because of the gadgets which can
provide them answer by just one click on it. They may simply point and click
their way to site, swipe and paste it, reformatting it somewhat and its yours.
Theres an old saying that states ignorance of the law is no excuse,
and when it comes to cheating, that old saying holds up. If you cheat, even
by accident, youre risking your academic career.
Everyone knows what happen to someone when they get caught
cheating, but what are the long term implications of not getting caught?
Who is affected?

This research is conceived to study the bad side of students who are fun of
doing academic dishonesty. They're just good people who are put in bad
situation. But if its doing very often, it could bring serious consequences.




II. Statement of the problem.



1. What are the reasons why students cheat on exam?

2. What should teachers do to prevent cheating?



III. LITERATURE REVIEW
Cheating has been on the rise in recent years, according to a 2010 study
from the Josephson Institute of Ethics. Among current high school students,
75 percent admit to cheating on tests, homework, and other assignments.
Fifty percent have cheated on exams during the past year, and 34 percent
have cheated on more than one test. One out of every three students has
used the Internet to plagiarize an assignment. Research indicates similar
trends among college students and even graduate students.

Cheating in school has also been linked to similar, unethical behaviors once
young people are out in the "real world." Not every young person who
cheats on an algebra test will go on to commit insider trading, hatch a Ponzi
scheme, or plagiarize a story for a major newspaper. However, early habits
and rationalizations can pave the way for potentially damaging decisions
later in life. Many cheaters do get caught, both in school and in the real
world, upending lives and ruining reputations. We know that cheating
behaviors are well-established by high school; the stakes of a test may
influence the probability of cheating; and parents and educators may
unintentionally aggravate the problem with pressure for results over learning.
This research will discuss first the General Background, The Role of
Technology in Cheating and Cheating through the Ages.
General Background:
Cheating is seen by many as a means to a profitable end, a way to obtain
the highest grades in order to gain admission to the best universities.
Students who do not cheat are not only at a disadvantage, but can be


viewed as fools for not playing the system, a system that has grown tolerant
of cheating with few punishments. This system continues to place more and
more emphasis on getting the grade by any means possible. The benefits of
individual learning are no longer seen as a goal or focus.
According Donald McCabe, Professor and Associate Provost, Rutgers, The
State University of New Jersey, and Founder of The Center for Academic
Integrity, "Students feel justified in what they are doing. They are cheating
because they see others cheating and they think they are being unfairly
disadvantaged. The only way many of them feel they can stay in the game,
to get into the right school, is to cheat as well."
Cheating Through the Ages:
Pre-School:
Although little research exists about cheating among pre-school and
elementary school students, the following information has been presented
by Janis Jacobs, a specialist in social development and associate professor
at Pennsylvania State University.
At the Pre-School level children understand that cheating is morally wrong,
as opposed to a social transgression (i.e. eating with their fingers). Because
moral development consists of their own needs vs. punishment, they are
prone to cheat in order to win.
At 5-6 years of age many children cheat if the opportunity arises. In one
study of this age group, 84% knew that cheating was not allowed. However,
56% cheated. This is primarily true because they have an inability to inhibit
their actions at this age.
Elementary School:
Although elementary age children (ages 6-10) are presented with more
opportunities and motivation to cheat, most believe that it is wrong, but that
it depends on the specific incident (i.e. "Johnny was sad because he didn't
know the answers, so I let him copy mine."). Additionally, elementary age
children do not believe that cheating is common, and admit that it is hard
to resist when others suggest breaking the rules. At this age the need for
approval is related to cheating, and finally, boys cheat more frequently
than girls
Middle School:
Most research shows that cheating begins to set in during the middle school
years (ages 11 13). According to The Josephson Institute of Ethics, "The
evidence is fairly clear that cheating begins in the middle school fairly
seriously and escalates in the higher grades, 10th, 11th and 12th grades,
because that's when the stakes are highest. It doesn't seem as if it's


necessarily a dispositional thing, like they've never thought of cheating
before. It's that there isn't much reason to cheat in the elementary school."
According to Jacobs, research at this age shows that middle schoolers are
motivated to cheat because of the emphasis placed on grades. In one
study, 2/3 of middle school students report cheating on exams; 90% copy
homework. Furthermore, even those who say that cheating is wrong will
cheat. The bottom line: If a child's goal is to get a good grade, he is more
likely to cheat.
High School:
Research has shown that the incidence of academic cheating among high
school students has risen to all-time highs. The studies conducted by Who's
Who Among American High School Students, as well as those conducted by
The Josephson Institute, are just a few of the many that demonstrate the
problem. In addition, a 1997 Connecticut Department of Public Health
survey of 12,000 students showed that 63% of 11th graders and 62% of ninth
graders reported cheating on an exam in the previous 12 months.
"In the past it was the struggling student who was more likely to cheat, just to
get by," according to Michael Josephson. "Today, while it is becoming
almost impossible to flunk out, it is the above-average, college-bound
students who are cheating. As a matter of fact, cheating is higher among
college-bound kids than any other group."
College bound students are expected to be all they can be to get into a
selective college. They need to get the best grades, play the best sports,
perform community service, etc. The pressure can be overwhelming
leading many students to cheat or plagiarize.
According to Stephen Davis, a psychology professor at Emporia State
University in Kansas: "about 20% of college students from across the nation
admitted to cheating in high school during the 1940's. That percentage has
since soared, with no fewer than 75% and as many as 98% of 8,000 college
students surveyed each year now reporting cheating in high school and
the majority admitting doing it on several occasions.
Josephson adds, "We've never heard things like, We have too much
homework,' it is more of, I'm involved in basketball, I'm involved in the Glee
Club and I'm involved in ' They have tons and tons of activities, and
schoolwork is only part of it, and therefore, part of the justification they make
is: Since I can't do it all, we have to cut somewhere, and, what's the big
deal."



Higher Education:
"Cheating is more widespread at the nation's colleges and universities than
it was years ago because it no longer carries the stigma it used to. Less
social disapproval and increased competition for spots in graduate schools
have made students more willing to do whatever it takes to get the grades,"
so says Professor McCabe. "If a student feels disadvantaged because others
are cheating and seeming to get away with it, they'll say: I'm not stupid
enough to blow my chances by not doing the same." McCabe also
comments that many schools stopped paying serious attention to cheating
as they felt the need to focus more on problems such as campus safety and
substance abuse.
Why students cheat?
Why Some Students Cheat Nowadays, there are many popular ways for
students to cheat in exams. Some students take their notes into the
examination rooms. Some students ask their friends the answers by
whispering while taking the exams. And some students just try to copy the
answers of students who sit in front of them without caring how similar to
giraffes they are. It is interesting to focus on the question that why some
students still keep cheating in exams even though they know that the
punishments of university are getting so tougher and tougher that every
single semester many students have to drop their education. There are three
main reasons why some students cheat in exams; being afraid of failure,
having no ability, and wanting to take risks. Being afraid of failure is the most
important reason for some students to cheat in exams. Some students think
that if they fail the exams, they will have a lot of the following problems. For
example, their parents will complain them about bad grades, their friends
will look down and laugh at them, and they guess that the light of their
educational futures will be darker too. They will get stressed if they cannot
do the exams as well as they hope. And those factors will lead them to
cheat in exams. In short, some students are afraid that they will have many
problems if they fail the exams, so they start to cheat. Having no ability to do
exams is the next reason that causes some students cheating. There are a
few cases for this reason. Some students do not have their own self-
confidences. Some students cannot do the exams because they are too
difficult. And some students unreasonably judge themselves that they are
not smart enough to pass the exams. Instead of studying hard, paying
attention to classes, reviewing lessons, and doing exercises, they try to cheat
in exams. In fine, some students do not try hard enough to pass the exams
and it is terrible that their solution is cheating.




Its no secret that students cheat.
On exams, on papers, on projects: no matter the assignment, someone out
there has figured out a way to cheat on it. And the statistics are alarming:
two out of three college students admit they have cheated on homework,
and 19% have cheated on exams, according to a recent study.
Whether its because of shifting morals or access to technology, its clear
that cheating is as prevalent as ever. If youre a teacher who wants to
crack down on cheaters or a student who wants to take the easy way
through school (shame on you!), these are the most common ways students
around you are cheating.
1. Looking at someone elses answers during an exam happens, but its
much more common for students to copy a peers homework routinely.
Many students dont even see it as cheating. Not only is it unfair to the
student who is actually doing the assignments and being taken advantage
of, it hurts the person doing the copying as well. By copying homework,
students dont practice what theyve learned and perform worse on exams.
One study found that copying homework can cause a student to score two
letter grades below those who completed their homework on an exam
testing the material. Remember, practice makes perfect, and practicing
cheating wont help you in the long run.
2. Some cheaters are learning one thing: you get what you pay for. There is
a world out there that honest students cant even comprehend the term
paper market. Academic papers (and grades) are bought and sold like any
other good. There are many different options for finding a term paper to
turn in (besides the obvious, do-it-yourself option), some free, some a little
pricey. Free term paper sites, like OPPapers.com and BigNerds.com, have a
small selection and lower quality. Sites with papers for purchase, like
AcademicTermPapers.com and PaperStore.net, sell term papers with a per-
page price and actually earn students Bs frequently. And some wealthier
students even hire someone to custom-write their essays. If you fall into any
of these camps, you better cross your fingers that your professor doesnt ask
you any follow-up questions about what youve "written."
3. Smuggling a cheat sheet into a test is so common that youd think
teachers wouldve figured out how to spot it by now, but students keep
getting more and more creative. If they would put as much time into
studying as they do into imagining ways to cheat, theyd probably do just
fine. Students have come up with ways to hide cheat sheets in their pen
caps, wallets, ID badges, gum wrappers, Band-Aids, and basically anything
you can think of. But if youre trying this, you better be sly. Its hard not to
look suspicious when continuously checking that piece of toilet paper stuck
to your shoe.


4. Cellphones have made it much easier for students to cheat; instead of
passing obvious paper notes during an exam, they can discreetly text a
friend for answers. More than a third of teens with cellphones in 2009
admitted they had used them to either store information for a test or to text
a friend during an exam. In the same 2009 study, researchers found that
almost 25% of students didnt even think that was cheating. Maybe if a
teacher sent them a text message defining cheating it would get through to
them.
5. The camera technology in cellphones has also presented a challenge to
teachers and education officials. Even if a student isnt using his cellphone
to text the answers to a friend, he could easily snap a photo of the test
questions and send it to a friend taking the test later or post it on the
Internet. Earlier this year, California encountered this problem on a major
scale regarding its high school exit exam. Hundreds of photos of the
standardized test popped up on social networking sites; some were
innocent, like students posing proudly with the exam booklet, while others
were clearly taken for the purpose of cheating.
6. Writing papers arent everyones strong suit, but thats not a good reason
to copy and paste your writing from someone else's work. With the Internet,
its easier than ever to find brilliant words that fit your assignment, and you
can just use the handy copy-paste function to transfer paragraphs in
seconds. But the Web also makes it easier for teachers to catch cheaters. A
quick Google search of suspicious phrases can quickly locate sources you
do not cite, and Turnitin.com has become a favorite for discovering how
much of an assignment was plagiarized.
7. Some studies find that sorority and fraternity members cheat more than
other American students. This could be a result of the easily accessible test
banks many fraternities and sororities maintain. The organizations keep tests
from certain classes and professors on file, and current members just add to
the collection as they take updated tests, different courses, or new
professors. This isnt necessarily cheating if the professor knows that his test is
being distributed and changes it every term, but many courses use thesame
test questions for years without knowing the answers are stored in a Greek
systems test bank.
Cheating With Technology
Educators are showing serious concern about cheating in high schools, and
for good reason. Cheating has become commonplace in high schools,
largely because students are using technology to gather and share
information in rather innovation ways. Since students are a little more tech-
savvy than many adults, grownups are always playing catch-up when it
comes to finding out what students are up to.


But this technology-centered cat-and-mouse activity can be fatal to your
educational future. Students start to blur the ethical boundaries and think its
OK to do many things, simply because theyve gotten away with them in
the past.
Theres a big catch to blurring the line when it comes to cheating. While
parents and high school teachers might be less savvy than their students
about using cell phones and calculators to share work, and too overworked
to catch cheaters, college professors are a little different. They have
graduate assistants, college honor courts, and cheat-detecting software
that they can tap into.
The bottom line is that students can develop habits in high school that will
get them expelled when they use them in college, and sometimes students
wont even realize their habits are illegal.
Unintentional Cheating
Since students use tools and techniques that have not been used before,
they might not always know what really constitutes cheating. For your
information, the following activities constitute cheating. They can get you
kicked out of college.
Buying a paper from an Internet site
Sharing homework answers via IMs, email, text messaging, or any
other device
Using a whiteboard to share answers
Having another student write a paper for you
Cutting and pasting text from the Internet without citing it
Using sample essays from the Internet
Using text messaging to tell somebody else an answer
Programming notes into your calculator
Taking and/or sending a cell phone picture of test material or notes
Video recording lectures with cell phones and replaying during test
Surfing web for answers during a test
Using a pager to receive information during a test
Viewing notes on your PDA, electronic calendar, cell phone, or other
device during a test
Storing definitions in a graphing calculator or cell phone
Breaking in to the teachers computer files
Using a watch to hold notes
Using a laser pen to write and send answers
If youve been transmitting answers to homework or test questions, theres a
pretty good chance youve been cheatingeven though it might have
been unintentional.



Cheating to Make the Grade? Crime in Education Explored
The pressure on students to succeed both academically and in all other
aspects of their lives has never been greater. Beginning in the earliest
years of their education, students face ever-mounting expectations to excel
in their studies, to devote themselves to at least one sport or other
extracurricular activity, and to develop specialized interests and skills that
will eventually lead them to a career path. By high school, most college-
bound students are also expected to perform some form of community
service or volunteer work. On top of all of this, these kids also need (and
want) to be happy, well-rounded people, with friends and hobbies and
interests unattached to the pursuit of a bright future. And the pressure only
mounts once they do get into college. The fierce competition for internships,
jobs, and graduate school slots means that starting freshman year, students
must again begin scrambling to find ways of setting themselves apart and
surpassing the status.In this pressure-cooker environment, it is perhaps no
wonder that students of all ages look for ways to cut corners in order to save
time or make themselves seem exceptional. In fact, a recent study by The
Josephson Institute of Ethics revealed that 71 percent of high schoolers
admitted to cheating on an assignment in the past 12 months. And
according to Education-Portal.com, between 75 and 98 percent of college
students admit to cheating today up from 20 percent in 1940. Cheating
has always, to a greater or lesser extent, been a part of student life, and in
this day and age many students would argue that its the only way to stay
ahead of the game.
More surprising than the frequency of cheating is the profusion and variety
of opportunities for academic crime now available to students. The
perceived increase in the need for academic excellence, combined with
the extraordinary ease and speed with which information can now be
exchanged via the Internet, have given rise to an entirely new kind of Black


Market specializing in education. These accessories to crime in education
run the gamut from shady, $10-per-paper Craigslist deals, to full-fledged
operations, such as diploma mills and ghostwriting companies. Some of
these engage students in academic crime without the students necessarily
realizing it. Others profess merely to want to help struggling students, while
making it all too easy for their clientele to cross the line into cheating. And
while the punishment for students caught cheating is quite severe at many
schools, the people and organizations that facilitate academic crime seem
to go mostly unchecked and unreprimanded.


Outsourcing Term Papers
The single most common form of academic dishonesty is plagiarism:
copying or referencing anothers work without proper citation. This offense
can range from using an argument or an explanation from a piece of
literary criticism without citing the source, all the way up to turning in an
entire paper written by somebody else. It is the latter practice that has
resulted in a booming business in paper ghostwriting. According to a 2009
CNN report, there are at least 250 Web sites where students can buy reports
and research papers, often referred to as paper mills. Prices range
according to the length and quality of the paper desired, with most landing
in the $50-$100 range. There are also countless other sites that offer papers
for free.
Regardless of price, the quality of these papers nearly always leaves
something to be desired. This may be in large part because the papers are
very often written by non-native English speakers in countries such as
Pakistan, India, Ukraine, and Indonesia. Other factors contributing to low
quality include the fact that many papers are pre-written, rather than
customized to the buyers specific assignment; and even with customized
papers, deadlines are generally too short to allow for truly in-depth research
and analysis. Then too, there is the fact that the rate of pay is generally well
below the industry standard for freelance writers, so even professional writers
who sell papers for extra cash are not likely to put in the kind of effort they
otherwise might.
The punishment for students caught plagiarizing their papers varies from
school to school and even classroom to classroom.
Many teachers and professors nowadays have access to software programs
that check passages from students papers against vast databases of
material from the Internet. And even without a plagiarism detector, an
instructor can often spot a downloaded paper from the shoddy scholarship,
inconsistent style, or lack of focus on the assignment. As one teacher


explained, Im a professor who has no trouble spotting purchased or
plagiarized papers. Our university even has software that one can use to
scan suspicious papers and determine if they were plagiarized from an
online site. I rarely have to use it, however, since I can easily determine on
my own whether a paper is a particular students original work. Ive
busted my share of students, and in accordance with my universitys
policy, some of them were expelled. All of them received a failing grade for
the courses in which they cheated, and their transcripts were marked with
the notation failed for reasons of academic dishonesty.
Expulsion is indeed common practice at some universities, but more often
the penalty for plagiarism is somewhat less harsh, and ranges from being
forced to redo the assignment with a cap on the potential grade to failing
the assignment or the class or being asked to pay a fine. The paper mills,
meanwhile, face no threat of castigation. The majority advertise themselves
as study sites, and maintain that the papers they sell are for reference
purposes only, never to be turned in as original work.



iv. DATA Gathered
The respondents of this study are the students of Cagayan State University
who comes from different colleges. The respondents were classified to be
enrolled under the said school whom we interview. Based on our survey,
between 80 and 90 percent of the students we interviewed admitted to
cheating in exam and 75 percent admitted that they had cheated on a
paper or a take-home Assignment.

And here are some of the feedbacks we get from the different students
coming from the different Colleges of Cagayan State University.
According to Mr. Jerome Valiente, a student from College of Business
Entrepreneurship and Accountancy who experience cheating said that its
easier to cheat rather to review which consumes more time. In todays
generation, most of the students were lack of interest to listen to the teacher
especially when a teacher/professor doesnt invoke any interesting activity
that could catch up the interest of the students. However, some says that
even if they review their lessons there were still some teachers whom they
believed that were fun of favoritism in class. You cant refrain students from
comparing their grades from one another and if they started to belief that
something is unfair, they feel so justified in cheating.
Another student says that Students cheat because of their parents pressure
and teachers expectations. Parents and teachers wish for us to get high
grades. Because of that strong pressure, this leads to students cheating.
There were also some circumstances that students were given surprise
quizzes, when some cant stick to their faith and are influenced by others.
These students feel unhappy when they realize that other students marks
are higher than theirs by means of cheating.
Hence, every person has the ability to cheat specially on complicated
situations; they are force to cheat because sometimes, we can predict the
outcome of something we are doing. We cheat because we dont want to
get a failing grade.


According to Mr. Basilio Matammu(from the College Human Kinetics), we
dont want to get failing grades, we are force to cheat because it is our
only choice specially we did not understand the lesson or even we review
on it. Another is that, according to Ms. Rachel Leah Malana, a Computer
Science student, Student resort to cheating because they are maybe too
desperate to get higher grade. Students also cheat when they are stressed
maybe? Or they might also cheat because they believe something is unfair,
so feel justified in cheating.

In this situation, a teacher must be strict on giving policies. According to Mrs.
Emilie Bagunu who is a teacher in Binguang Elementary school, I as a
teacher, I must teach the lesson well using different teaching techniques
and styles in order that the students will fully understand the lesson and also
produce an environment for a conducive leaving or in other words make
my room as a place for one to enjoy learning activities and have a say in
what one needs and wants to learn, another thing is to let students have a
good habit, encourage them well and give an emphasis to the importance
of honesty. Another is Ms. Reynalyn Battad, who is a teacher at Antipolo,
Elementary School, she can only say that truly students are resort to
cheating, because according to his/her students, they are afraid to be
failed in the subject, having no ability, they did not know the answer,
because they did not review their lessons, so they depends on what their
classmates answers.
They dont trust their selves if what they can do. It is also a kind of stealing
because some students just try to copy the answers of their classmates
without knowing of the owners answers. They dont care how similar to
giraffes they are. To get a high grades they intend to cheat for the sake of
passing their grades, even though they know that cheating is a crime when
it comes to school polices. And sometimes it is in the students attitude to
cheat; its already in their behavior.


Furthermore, Ms. Chunette Bagunu said that one of the reasons why
students resort to cheating is that it is the easy way to pass or to get through
an exam. In that way, they wont need to spend much time reviewing for
that exam. Another reason is their lack of interest to the topic or subject
which may be due to lack of clarity of that certain lesson. Because of this
students feel unmotivated to study for the exam and so they just cheat
when the exam day comes.
During exam, what we always intact in our mind is that our intension is to
pass and this is more important than consequences. We believe in the
saying that No man is an island, a social being cannot exist without his
fellows. No one is self-sufficient and everyone relies on the other for
successful survival.




v. CONCLUSION

Based on our study and survey, students resort to cheating due to the
following reasons:

Some students have no ability to generate correct answer to questions on
quizzes and examinations.
Some students cheat for survival instinct.
Some students cheat because they find a lesson or a course to be
meaningless -having no perceived relevance to their lives.
Wanting to take risks.
They might also cheat because they belief something is unfair, so feel
justified in cheating.

In dealing with this cheating issue, teachers try to prevent students from
cheating. Here are some practical ways that they do:

Give penalties like zero scores or a failing grade to students that would
cheat
Arrange them 1 or 2 seats apart
Change their seating arrangement in a way that close friends wont be
together
To prevent cheating teachers should go down to the needs of the learners
using different teaching techniques and style so that the students will
understand the lesson very well. Another thing is to encourage students to
study well give the emphasis to the importance of honesty.
For the students to prevent cheating, they should be serious in their studies.
Students should make their study as their first priority.
In conclusion, there are many reasons for students to cheat in exams, being
afraid of failure, having no ability, and wanting to take risks, including the
reasons which I did not state. And until today, we still cannot guarantee that
there are ways to help students stop cheating. However, to those who are
thinking to cheat the exams, you should think about the punishments. No
matter what your reason is. Does it worth for being caught and got punished
from both university and society? You all know the answer. Although you are
not smart enough to have excellent grades, you should be proud of yourself
that you try to get good grades by your own abilities, not cheating.






vi. RECOMMENDATIONS

Believe in yourself
Make reviewing as your hobby or scanning your notes
Study well
Think that you can do everything
Strive hard, have patient and concentrate on your study
For us, Cheating is a mortal sin. It is a sin for it literally means that you steal an
answer from others. We know and we believe, there is still hope for us to
manage to our self, to be mindful of what we are doing and to be
dependent. Its easy to conquer your ways of cheating just remember this
Its better if you dont place an answer rather than proving to God that you
are a sinner only for cheating.
In stopping these unnecessary acts, we would like to recommend that
students have to motivate themselves. In the sense that they have to put in
their mind that in every little thing and for every question, they can cope for
an answer as they motivate themselves they shall eventually review their
lessons deeply and serious.

For the parents, they should support their children, give them the advices
and encourage them to really prove themselves that they can manage
their own self without the aid of others. Encourage them in the sense that
they should make sure that their sons/daughters would learn to build trust on
themselves.

For the teachers they should always remind your students, that resorting to
cheating is not acceptable policy in the classroom because it is deviant act
to school. They should be mindful of the students in one way or another
she/he should look and observe for the behavior of his/her students.



References:

Anderman, E. M., Griesinger, T., & Westerfield, G. (1998). Motivation and cheating during
early adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 8493.

Rettinger, D. A. & Kramer, Y. (2008). Situational and Personal Causes of Student Cheating.
Research in Higher Education, 50, 293-313.

Shu, L., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. (2011). Dishonest deed, clear conscience: When
cheating leads to moral disengagement and motivated forgetting. Personality and Social
Psychology Bulletin, 37, 330-349.

West, T., Ravenscroft, S., & Shrader, C. (2004). Cheating and Moral Judgment in the
College Classroom: A Natural Experiment. Journal of Business Ethics, 54, 173-183.

Williams, K., Nathanson, C., & Paulhus, D. (2010). Identifying and profiling scholastic
cheaters: Their personality, cognitive ability, and motivation. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Applied, 16 , 293-307.

http://www.examiner.com/parenting-teens-in-jacksonville/cheating-the-21st-century-teen-
high-tech-gadgets-can-promote-cheating

http://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/cheating-college-students-only-cheat-
themselves.html

John W. Santrock, Jane S. Halonen, Your Guide to College Success: Strategies for
Achieving Your Goals,Cengage Learning, 241.

http://amfix.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/30/cheating-on-papers-is-a-booming-web-business/

http://www.slate.com/id/2059540/

http://amfix.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/30/cheating-on-papers-is-a-booming-web-business/

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006040913731

http://www.coppellstudentmedia.com/2010/02/27/cheater-cheater-pumpkin-eater-why-we-
cheat/

http://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/Text-Messaging-Not.html

http://www.topics-mag.com/edition13/cheating-tanya.htm



http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C03E7DF1F3BE631A25753C2A9679D94
6597D6CF

http://www.usatoday.com/money/workplace/2003-09-28-fakedegrees_x.htm]



http://www.changemag.org/Archives/Back%20Issues/March-April%202009/abstract-real-
and-fake.html

http://www.usatoday.com/money/workplace/2003-09-28-fakedegrees_x.htm

http://www.ftc.gov/ogc/FTC_Act_IncorporatingUS_SAFE_WEB_Act.pdf

http://www.usatoday.com/money/workplace/2003-09-28-fakedegrees_x.htm

http://www.seattlepi.com/local/261747_diplomamill04.html

http://www.usatoday.com/money/workplace/2003-09-28-fakedegrees_x.htm

http://www.glass-castle.com/clients/www-nocheating-
org/adcouncil/research/cheatingbackgrounder.html

http://homeworktips.about.com/od/cheating/a/echeating.htm By Grace Fleming, About.com
Guide

http://www.onlinedegreeprograms.com/blog/2012/7-most-common-ways-students-cheat/

http://homeworktips.about.com/od/cheating/a/echeating.html