Indus Valley: 3000 BC

- Around Pakistan, India, Nepal

- Not the same ethnicity as current south Asians (Caucasians, mongols)
- Over 1,500 sites found: Largest Ancient Civilaztion
- Peaceful (very few armor, arms weapons)
- Traded with Mesopotamian Civilization in Egypt (coins and objects found)
o Writing not deciphered even now
o Had bronze: not native to Indus Valley
- Had very developed cities, not found even in Europe till after 18
th
Century (aquaducts,
sanitation, pipes from home to underground wells/ sewage systems)
o Dense, multi story homes, with perpendicular streets
Govt, Zoning Laws must have existed
o Designed to capture natural air flow
- Dont know how civilization ended
Mesopotamia: 5000 years ago
- Between Tigres and Euphrates river
- Started Writing, Taxes and territorial kingdoms
o To record transactions (mostly btwn Sheep and Wheat)
- Had complex canals and irrigation: Ruled by priests in local cities, King in overall country
o Believed gods were easily subjected to emotions: Rivers flooded sporadically
- Ended around 2000 BC
o Created a new Kingdom
Intro of Taxes: make as much wheat as u like, but pay govt a cut
Tribal Religious Leaders became Kings, passed on to lineage
King Hammurabi ruled over Babylon (1792 - 1750 BC)
o Enacted: take an eye for an eye
o Portrayed himself as Shepard and Father (jesus)
o Taken over by Assyrians: believed in God Oscher
Created the Empire
Assyrians had emperialistic mind: world would continue only thru constant
conquests
Egypt, Messopotamia, Medeterranian
Evil ass army, moved ppl from families around kingdom, would tear of limbs,
esp noses of enemies (Sphinx?)
Ancient Egypt: 2649 -332 BC
- 1000 years before Christianity, 800 years longer than Chinese civilization
- Nile: regular flooding, very fertile
o Easy to irrigate: Basin Irrigation
o Allowed for surplus thru easy workload
o Optimistic: buried w/ useful and pleasurable items
- Pyramid: Built around 2575 - 2465 BC
o last standing of the ancient Wonders of World
o Tallest Building for 3,800 years
o For God of Son: RAH (jesus)
- Had two forms of writing
o Hieroglyphics: recording of sacred stuff
o Demotic Script: contracts, transactions, arts, etc
- After Drought of 2250 BC, old kings were replaced by new ones w/new customs
o Nubians, from further south of the Nile
o New Gods: Amen(Aka hidden aka omnipresent)
Merged with Rah = Amen-Rah
- Military Expansions by Egypt
o Wars with Assyrians, Persians, Alexander the Great, Romans
o Lead to downfall