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andGodsawthatitwasgood,isnotusedatthecloseofthisday's
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andthatis,becausetheworkofthewaterswasnotfinished;itwas
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thephraseistwiceusedintheaccountofthethirdday'swork:the
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it is not clear who or what is to gather the water
together. LXX-Gs narration of the ful_llment of Gods
directives, absent in the MT.
Therefore, both Brown and Cook argue that LXX-G did not
add to its Vorlage. Instead, the redactors of the MT later
omitted the theologically problematic implication that, as in
other ancient creation stories, water itself had generative

capabilities
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Lev 11:29

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Thewatersgatheredtogetherinoneplace,thewaters
oftheocean,andthoseinrivers,poolsandlakes,and
which,beforetheircollectionintothoseplaces,had
beensaton,moved,andimpregnatedbytheSpiritof
God;sothattheycould,astheydid,bythedivine
orderaccompaniedwithhispower,bringforth
abundanceofcreatures,nextmentioned:
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. Every living thing that is not much higher than the earth is
; among the winged creatures, such as flies; among the
]insects, such as ants, beetles, and worms; and among the [larger
creatures, such as the weasel, the mouse, the lizard, and their
like, and so [among] the fishes.
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And the Lord said, Let the waters generate the
moving creature (having) life
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And the Lord said, Let the waters generate the
moving creature (having) life; and the fowl
which flieth over the earth on the face of the
expanse of heaven
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are imperative. Earlier and ".
translators, on the contrary, have rendered the
latter as a relative clause, after the
"; of the lxx, "and with birds that fly
thus making the birds to spring out of the water,
in opposition to Genesis 2:19
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And the Lord created the great taninia

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thesea monsters The great fish in the sea, and in the
words of the Aggadah (B.B. 74b), this refers to the
Leviathan and its mate, for He created them male and
female, and He slew the female and salted her away
for the righteous in the future, for if they would
propagate, the world could not exist because of them.
is written. [I.e., the final yud, which denotes
the plural, is missing, hence the implication that the
Leviathan did not remain two, but that its number
was reduced to one.]- [from Gen. Rabbah 7:4, Midrash
Caseroth VYetheroth , Batei Midrashoth, vol 2, p.
225].

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to bring forth, to produce [] Gn 1,20

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sea monster, huge fish, cetacea

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-3
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:
1- Gods command that the waters be
productive represents LXX-Gs departure from
and interpretation of the MT. As noted earlier,
Brown and Cook argue that the MT departed
from an earlier non-MT LXX Vorlage in which the
waters played a more active creative role.
Whether or not LXX-G was merely following its
non-MT Vorlage, it definitely shows that the
waters, like the earth, were granted creative
tasks by God.

) (

) (


2- The earth is to produce ()
vegetation, and the waters are to bring forth
() two types of creatures. The verb
()reflects Gods expectation of
active involvement compared with the passive
role associated with the MTs swarm ().
( )
( )
( )
( ) ()

)( )(

()
3- The waters are to bring forth both creeping

and flying creatures. The second creature, per
LXX-G, that the waters are to bring forth are
birds
4- Commentators on the MT disagree on the

significance of
Gods creation of sea monsters In some poetic

texts (e.g., Isa. 51:9; Job 7:12), they are
associated with the mythical monster of Chaos.

) 9-51 (12-7
)
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R. Jeremiah b. Leazar said: When the Holy One,

blessed be He, created Adam, He created him an
hermaphrodite [bi-sexual], for it is said, Male
and female created He them and called their
name Adam (Gen. v, 2).
-1 :
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!!!!!!
2-5
Gen 5:1

.
.

Gen 5:2
.
-2 ) 26-1 (
) 2-5 (
R. Samuel b. Nahman said : When the Lord
created Adam He created him double-faced,
then He split him and made him of two backs,

one back on this side and one back on the
other side
:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3. AND GOD SAID: LET us MAKE MAN, etc. With
?whom did He take counsel
R. Joshua b. Levi said: He took counsel with the
works of heaven and earth, like a king who had
two advisers
R. Samuel b. Nahman said: He took counsel
with the works of each day
R. Ammi said: He took counsel with His own
heart.
:

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:
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"LECTURE #1: God and the world "In the beginning
By Rav Chaim Navon
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Lecture #2: Providence By Rav Chaim Navon
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LECTURE #3: Torah and Science :By Rav Chaim Navon
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LECTURE #4: The Image of God By Rav Chaim Navon
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The Torah and Ancient Near Eastern Culture By Rav Chaim Navon
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Gen 3:8 And they heard the voice of the LORD
God walking in the garden in the cool of the day:
and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the
presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of
the garden
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/

. astonishingly empty Heb.

make amazed, be astonied,

other ancient creation stories, water itself had generative

to bring forth, to produce [] Gn 1,20

3- The waters are to bring forth both creeping

4- Commentators on the MT disagree on the

Gods creation of sea monsters In some poetic

R. Jeremiah b. Leazar said: When the Holy One,

then He split him and made him of two backs,

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