FARMERS

TABLE 1: DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY AGE

S. NO AGE NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
1. 25 35 YEARS 13 21.7
2. 36 45 YEARS 17 28.3
3. 46 55 YEARS 15 25.0
4. 56 65 YEARS 14 23.3
5. 66 75 YEARS 01 01.7
TOTAL 60 100.00
Source: Field Survey
The above table we come to know that the farmers of the target area belong to the age group between 25 75.

TABLE 2: DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY THEIR GENDER
S. NO GENDER NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
1. MALE 60 100.00
TOTAL 60 100.00
Source: Field Survey
The above table states clearly that the agricultural work are done only by male farmers.

TABLE 3: DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY THEIR RELIGION
S. NO RELIGION NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
1. HINDU 57 95.00
2. CHRISTIAN 03 05.00
TOTAL 60 100.00
Source: Field Survey
The distribution of respondents table above shows that the targets area consists mostly 95 per cent of Hindu farmers.

TABLE 4: DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY THEIR COMMUNITY
S. NO COMMUNITY NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
1. SC 06 10.0
2. BC 40 66.7
3. MBC 14 23.3
TOTAL 60 100.00
Source: Field Survey
The above table states that among the respondents 66.7 per cent of them belong to the backward class. It is thus clear that most of the farmers in the target
area belong to the backward community.

TABLE 5: DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY THEIR EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
S. NO EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
1. PRIMARY 09 15.0
2. SECONDARY 34 56.7
3. HIGHER SECONDARY 05 08.3
4. COLLEGE 07 11.7
5. ILLITERATE 05 08.3
TOTAL 60 100.00
Source: Field Survey
The above table shows that the respondents are not illiterate about 91.7 per cent of them have completed their secondary education.

TABLE 6: DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY THEIR MARITAL STATUS
S. NO MARITAL STATUS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
1. MARRIED 59 98.3 %
2. UNMARRIED 01 1.7 %
TOTAL 60 100.0 %
Source: Field Survey
Regarding the marital status majority 98.3 per cent of the respondents are married and only 3.7 per cent of them are unmarried









Table 7
Distribution of Respondents by their Family Type

S. No. Type of Family
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
Percentage
1. Joint 20 33.3 %
2. Nuclear 40 66.7 %
Total 60 100.0 %
Source: Field Survey

Regarding the type of family the table above shows that 66.7 per cent of the farmers family are
nuclear in type and 33.3 per cent of them are joint families.





Table 8
Economic Characteristics of the Respondents

S. No. Particulars
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
Percentage
1. Type of Farmer
Marginal Farmer
Small Farmer
Large Farmer

20
20
20

33.3 %
33.3 %
33.3 %
2. Type of Land they Own
Wet land
Dry land
Wet and Dry land (both)

24
13
23

40.0 %
21.7 %
38.3 %
3. Power Motor of their own
Have
Do not have

28
32

46.7 %
53.3 %
4. Cattle
Have
Do not have

24
36

40.0 %
60.0 %
5. Own Farming Tools and
Machinery
Have
Do not Have


06
54


10.0 %
90.0 %
Source: Field Survey

The above table studies the economic status of the respondents. The target area had 33.3 per
cent marginal farmers and the same percentage of small farmers and large farmers. Among the 60
farmers 40 per cent of them have wet lands and 38.3 per cent of them have both wet and dry lands. And
53.3 per cent of them have power motors of their own while others do not have. The maximum number
of farmers 60 per cent of them have cattle. Among the farmers taken for study 90 per cent of them do
not own farming tools and machinery.





Table 9
Distribution of Respondents by Type of Irrigation

S. No. Type of irrigation
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
Percentage
1. Canal 26 43.3 %
2. Well 10 16.7 %
3. Lake 06 10.0 %
4. Oil Engine 09 15.0 %
5. Rented Power Motor 02 3.3 %
6. Rain water 07 11.7 %
Total 60 100.0 %
Source: Field Survey

This table presents the type of irrigation used by the farmers. The maximum percentage 43.3 per
cent of the farmers depend on canal irrigation. Some of them 15 per cent have oil engines and still
others 16.7 per cent depend on well irrigation. 11.7 per cent of the farmers also depend on rain for
irrigation.













Table 10
Distribution of Respondents by Type of Labourers they Employ

S. No. Type of labourers they
employ
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
Percentage
1. Daily Wage 39 65.0 %
2. Contract and Daily wage 21 35.0 %
Total 60 100.0 %
Source: Field Survey

The above table states that 65.0 per cent of the respondents choose labourers for daily wages.
They are of the opinion that the NREGS affects them because they do not find labourers for agricultural
work whereas 35.0 per cent of the farmers agree that they do not have problem when choosing workers
on contract.












Table 11
Impact on Agriculture

S. No. Particulars
NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
Percentage
1. Duration of Working Hours
Reduced
No change

24
36

40.0 %
60.0 %
2. Involvement of Labourers in
Agricultural Works
Reduced
Increased


51
09


85.0 %
15.0 %
3. Impact of Migration on
Agriculture
Affected
Unaffected


11
49


18.3 %
81.7 %
4. Use of Machinery in Agriculture
More
Less


41
19


68.3 %
31.7 %
5. Type of Deficiency for labours
Male worker
Female worker
Male and Female worker

09
38
13

15.0 %
63.3 %
21.7 %
Source: Field Survey

The above table shows that 60.0 per cent of the farmers accept that there are no changes in the
working hours while 40.0 per cent of them say they the working hours have reduced.
Regarding the involvement of the labourers nearly 85.0 per cent of them agree that the
involvement in agricultural works has reduced due to the implementation of NREGS. Labourers shows
more interest in the works that give them more wages.
The table shows that migration of labourers has reduced 81.7 per cent of the farmers accept this
fact. The farmers 68.3 per cent also agree that agricultural has become machine dependent due to lack
of agricultural labourers. The most important opinion of the farmers is that 63.3 per cent of them say
that there is deficiency for female workers after the implementation of the scheme. While 21.7 per cent
say that there is deficiency of both male and female workers.

Impact of NREGS on Agricultural Works
(100 per cent responses from the Farmers)
That all the respondents have their own cultivable land and are now cultivating. They agree that
they have knowledge about NREGS and its implementation in their village. All the respondents agree
that they had enough labourers for agricultural work before NREGS. They also agree that the labourers
expect more wages after the implementation of NREGS. All the farmers are of the opinion that NREGS
should be implemented during times of less agricultural work on i.e. during summer when there are no
agricultural work.
They also agree that there is deficiency for labourers after the implementation of NREGS
Women get more wages in NREGS when compared to agricultural work. The women opt to join
NREGS works only this causes a deficiency of women labourers for some of the agricultural works which
could be done only by women labouers.

Cultivation in the Target Area
I) Crops Cultivated
The following crops are cultivated in target area 1. Paddy, 2. Sugarcane, 3. Sunflower, 4. Ground
nut, 5. Corn, 6. Gingelly, 7. Red Chilli

II) Crops Frequently Cultivated
1. Paddy 98 Acre
2. Sugarcane 86 Acre

The farmers of the target area frequently cultivate paddy and sugarcane in a total area of 184
acres.

III) Crops Seasonally Cultivated
The Farmers of the target area cultivate sunflower, ground nut, corn gingelly and red chilli
seasonally in a total area of 60 Acres.

IV) Total Cultivable land
1. Wet Land 184 Acres
2. Dry Land 60 Acres
The target area has a total cultivable land of 244 acres in which 184 acres are wet land and 60
acres are dry land. The cultivation in the wet land mostly depend on agricultural labourers. The
implementation of the scheme has created a deficiency of labourers which affects the cultivation in the
244 acres in the target area alone.

Opinions of the Farmers
The data collected from the farmers reveal some of their opinions about the scheme.
1. The farmers suggested that NREGS can be implemented during summer, When there are
practically no or less agricultural works.
2. They suggested that machineries can be used for the most difficult and dangerous works.
3. They are of the opinion that age limits should be made compulsory and works should be given to
people below poverty line.
4. The farmers also said that the works could be finished in particular time. So that there are
sufficient labourers for other works especially agricultural works.