Pierre Lescuyer

Translated and edited by Frank Bott

UMTS: Origins,
Architecture and the
Standard
Springer
Contents
1 UMTS and Third Generation Networks 1
1.1 Origins of UMTS 1
1.1.1 A Promising Future 1
1.1.2 Incompatible Systems 2
1.1.3 Towards a Common Standard 3
1.2 The Place of UMTS Among Third Generation Networks 4
1.3 Importance of Standardisation 8
1.4 Structure of 3GPP 8
1.5 Objectives of UMTS 9
1.5.1 Compatibility with Second Generation Systems 9
1.5.2 Support for Multimedia 12
1.5.3 Transfer Rates Supported 13
1.5.4 UMTS Service Classes 14
1.6 Frequencies Allocated to the Third Generation 17
1.7 Which Services Will UMTS Offer? 19
2 Review of Second Generation (GSM) Systems 21
2.1 Origins of UMTS 21
2.2 GSM Services 21
2.2.1 High Speed Circuit Switched Data 21
2.2.2 General Packet Radio Service 22
2.2.3 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution 23
2.2.4 Limits of GSM 23
2.3 The Subscriber and the GSM Terminal 23
2.3.1 The Subscriber and the SIM Card 24
2.3.2 Subscriber Identification 24
2.3.3 GSM Terminals 25
2.4 GSM Network 27
2.4.1 Network Architecture 27
2.4.2 Constituents of the GSM Core Network 29
2.4.3 Components of the GSM Access Network 31
VII
viii Contents
2.4.4 GSM Network Interfaces 31
2.4.5 GSM Radio Interface Protocols 33
2.5 Call Management 35
2.5.1 Calls in Circuit-switched Mode 35
2.5.2 Special Treatment for Speech 35
2.5.3 Packet-switched Calls 36
2.6 Management of Mobility in a GSM Network 38
. 2.6.1 Mobile in Idle Mode 38
2.6.2 Mobile in Active Mode 40
3 UMTS Principles 43
3.1 Basic Concepts 43
3.1.1 Introduction 43
3.1.2 The Access Network and the Core Network 44
3.1.3 Decomposition into Strata 44
3.1.4 RAB Concept 48
3.1.5 Geographical Areas 49
3.2 Architecture and Structure of UMTS 50
3.2.1 Architecture of the UMTS Network 50
3.2.2 Layer Structure of the Network 52
3.3 UMTS Core Network 52
3.3.1 Domain Concept 52
3.3.2 Integrated Core Network 53
3.3.3 Functions Transferred 55
3.4 UTRAN Access Network 56
3.4.1 Components of the Access Network 56
3.4.2 Access Network Interfaces 59
3.5 UMTS Terminal Equipment 60
3.5.1 Evolution 60
3.5.2 The USIM Card 61
4 The UTRAN Radio Interface 63
4.1 Multiplexing Techniques on the Radio Network 63
4.1.1 TDD 63
4.1.2 FDD 63
4.2 Radio Interface 64
4.2.1 Layered Architecture 64
4.2.2 Control Plane and User Plane 66
4.2.3 Interactions Between the Layers 67
4.3 Communication Channels 68
4.3.1 Introduction .
v
68
4.3.2 Logical Channels 68
Contents ix
4.3.3 Transport Channels 69
4.3.4 Physical Channels 71
4.3.5 Correspondence Between Channels 72
4.3.6 An Example: Speech Transport 73
4.4 Radio Protocols 76
4.4.1 RRC Layer 76
4.4.2 RLC Layer 82
4.4.3 MAC Layer 88
4.4.4 PDCP Layer 90
4.4.5 BMC Layer 94
4.4.6 General View 94
4.5 Termination Points of the Radio Protocols 95
5 The Physical Layer of the Radio Interface 99
5.1 General Principles of CDMA 99
5.1.1 Multiple Access Techniques 99
5.1.2 Correlation Properties 101
5.1.3 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing Data 103
5.1.4 Use of Bandwidth 105
5.1.5 Multi-path Propagation (Rake Receiver) 106
5.1.6 Codes Used in the UTRAN 107
5.1.7 Use of Codes in the UTRAN 110
5.1.8 CDMA Planning 113
5.1.9 Power Control 114
5.1.10 Capacity Limits 115
5.2 General View of the Physical Layer of the UTRAN 116
5.2.1 Error Control 118
5.2.2 Rate Matching 120
5.2.3 Interleaving 121
5.2.4 Spreading and Modulation 123
5.3 Structure of the Physical Channels 126
5.3.1 Initial Cell Search 127
5.3.2 Broadcasting System Information 129
5.3.3 Paging 130
5.3.4 Call Set-up 131
5.3.5 Data Transport on a Dedicated Transport Channel 133
5.3.6 Data Transport on the FACH 135
5.3.7 Data Transport on the DSCH 136
5.4 Some Examples 140
5.4.1 The Services and the OVSF Tree 140
5.4.2 The 64 Kbps Data Circuit 141
5.4.3 Telephony 144
5.5 Timing Relationship Between the Physical Channels 145
x Contents
6 The UTRAN Network Protocols 147
6.1 Introduction 147
6.2 Opening up the Interfaces 149
6.3 Network Protocols 149
6.3.1 RANAP Network Protocol 149
6.3.2 NBAP Network Protocol 150
6.3.3 RNSAP protocol 151
6.4 Frame Protocols 151
6.4.1 FP on the Iu Interface 151
6.4.2 FP on the Iub and Iur Interfaces 152
6.5 Transport Layer 152
6.5.1 Role of the ATM 152
6.5.2 Transport Protocols 156
6.5.3 Transport Layer Signalling (ALCAP) 157
6.6 Summary 159
7 CaU Handling . 1 6 1
7.1 Switching On 161
7.1.1 Concept of PLMN 161
7.1.2 Concept of Equivalent PLMNs 162
7.1.3 Selecting the PLMN 165
7.1.4 Searching for Candidate Cells 167
7.1.5 Registering with the Network 168
7.1.6 Terminal Display 172
7.1.7 General View 173
7.2 Call Set-up 174
7.2.1 PDP Context 175
7.2.2 States of the Mobile 176
7.2.3 Security Procedures 177
7.2.4 Network Access 183
7.2.5 Setting Up a PS Call 185
7.2.6 Deactivation of the PDP Context 185
7.2.7 Setting Up a CS Call 185
7.2.8 Terminating a CS Call 190
7.3 Switching Off 190
7.4 Service Billing 191
7.4.1 Network Architecture 191
7.4.2 Some Examples 193
8 Mobility Management 197
8.1 Introduction
v
197
8.2 Mobility in Idle Mode 197
Contents xi
8.2.1 Location Zones 198
8.2.2 Updating Location Information 199
8.2.3 Combined Updates 201
8.2.4 Cell Reselection 202
8.2.5 Role of the BCCH 205
8.3 Mobility in Connected Mode 208
8.3.1 UMTS Principles 208
8.3.2 Control of Mobility by the Terminal 210
8.3.3 Mobility Control by the Network (Handover) 212
8.3.4 Relocation 216
8.4 Intersystem Mobility 222
8.4.1 Neighbourhood Management 222
8.4.2 Intersystem Reselection 224
8.4.3 Intersystem Handover 225
8.4.4 Security and Intersystem Handover 228
8.5 Radio Measurements 228
8.5.1 Measurement Configuration 230
8.5.2 Compressed Mode 233
Appendix A UMTS Specifications 239
A.I Introduction 239
A.2 Series 21 240
A.3 Series 22: Service Definition 240
A.4 Series 23: Service Implementation 242
A.5 Series 24: UE/CN Protocols 243
A.6 Series 25: Access Network 244
A.7 Series 26: Coders and Decoders 246
A.8 Series 27: Data Applications 246
A.9 Series 29: Core Network Protocols 247
A.10 Series 31: UIM Aspects 247
A. 11 Series 32: Operations and Maintenance 248
A.12 Series 33: Security 248
A.13 Series 34: Testing 248
A.14 Series 35: Security Alogorithms . .> 249
Glossary 251
Index 257