File: src\Core\CSharp\MS\Internal\Media3D\GeneralTransform2Dto3Dto2D.

cs





Assembly: PresentationCore
using MS.Internal;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.Design.Serialization;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security.Permissions;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Media.Composition;
using System.Windows.Markup;

using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Media3D;

using MS.Internal.PresentationCore;
using MS.Internal.Media3D;
using SR = MS.Internal.PresentationCore.SR;
using SRID = MS.Internal.PresentationCore.SRID;

namespace MS.Internal.Media3D
{
/// <summary>
/// Helper class that encapsulates return data needed for the
/// hit test capture methods.
/// </summary>
internal class HitTestEdge
{
/// <summary>
/// Constructs a new hit test edge
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p1">First edge point</param>
/// <param name="p2">Second edge point</param>
/// <param name="uv1">Texture coordinate of first edge point</param>
/// <param name="uv2">Texture coordinate of second edge point</param>
public HitTestEdge(Point3D p1,
Point3D p2,
Point uv1,
Point uv2)
{
_p1 = p1;
_p2 = p2;

_uv1 = uv1;
_uv2 = uv2;
}

/// <summary>
/// Projects the stored 3D points in to 2D.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objectToViewportTransform">The transformation matrix to use</param>
public void Project(GeneralTransform3DTo2D objectToViewportTransform)
{
Point projPoint1 = objectToViewportTransform.Transform(_p1);
Point projPoint2 = objectToViewportTransform.Transform(_p2);

_p1Transformed = new Point(projPoint1.X, projPoint1.Y);
_p2Transformed = new Point(projPoint2.X, projPoint2.Y);
}

internal Point3D _p1, _p2;
internal Point _uv1, _uv2;

// the transformed Point3D value
internal Point _p1Transformed, _p2Transformed;
}

/// <summary>
/// This transform allows one to go from 2D through 3D and back in to 2D
/// </summary>
internal class GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D : GeneralTransform
{
/// <summary>
/// Constructor
/// </summary>
/// <param name="visual3D">The Visual3D that contains the 2D visual</param>
/// <param name="fromVisual">The visual on the Visual3D</param>
internal GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D(Viewport2DVisual3D visual3D, Visual fromVisual)
{
IsInverse = false;

// get a copy of the geometry information - we store our own model to reuse hit
// test code on the GeometryModel3D
_geometry = new MeshGeometry3D();
_geometry.Positions = visual3D.InternalPositionsCache;
_geometry.TextureCoordinates = visual3D.InternalTextureCoordinatesCache;
_geometry.TriangleIndices = visual3D.InternalTriangleIndicesCache;
_geometry.Freeze();

Visual visual3Dchild = visual3D.Visual;

// Special case - Setting CacheMode on V2DV3D causes an internal switch from using a
VisualBrush
// to using a BitmapCacheBrush. It also introduces an extra 2D Visual in the Visual tree above
// the V2DV3D.Visual, but this extra node has no effect on transforms and can safely be ignored.
// The transform returned will be identical to the one created for calling TransformTo* with
// the V2DV3D.Visual itself.
Visual descendentVisual = (fromVisual == visual3Dchild._parent) ? visual3Dchild : fromVisual;

// get a copy of the size of the visual brush and the rect on the
// visual that the transform is going to/from

_visualBrushBounds = visual3Dchild.CalculateSubgraphRenderBoundsOuterSpace();
_visualBounds = descendentVisual.CalculateSubgraphRenderBoundsInnerSpace();

// get the transform that will let us go from the fromVisual to its last 2D
// parent before it reaches the 3D part of the graph (i.e. visual3D.Child)
GeneralTransformGroup transformGroup = new GeneralTransformGroup();
transformGroup.Children.Add(descendentVisual.TransformToAncestor(visual3Dchild));
transformGroup.Children.Add(visual3Dchild.TransformToOuterSpace());
transformGroup.Freeze();
_transform2D = transformGroup;

// store the inverse as well
_transform2DInverse = (GeneralTransform)_transform2D.Inverse;
if (_transform2DInverse != null)
{
_transform2DInverse.Freeze();
}

// make a copy of the camera and other values on the Viewport3D
Viewport3DVisual viewport3D =
(Viewport3DVisual)VisualTreeHelper.GetContainingVisual2D(visual3D);

_camera = viewport3D.Camera;
if (_camera != null)
{
_camera = (Camera)viewport3D.Camera.GetCurrentValueAsFrozen();
}

_viewSize = viewport3D.Viewport.Size;
_boundingRect = viewport3D.ComputeSubgraphBounds3D();
_objectToViewport = visual3D.TransformToAncestor(viewport3D);

// if the transform was not possible, it could be null - check before freezing
if (_objectToViewport != null)
{
_objectToViewport.Freeze();
}

// store the needed transformations for the various operations
_worldTransformation = M3DUtil.GetWorldTransformationMatrix(visual3D);

_validEdgesCache = null;
}

internal GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D()
{
}

/// <summary>
/// Transforms a point
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inPoint">input point</param>
/// <param name="result">output point</param>
/// <returns>false if the point cannot be transformed</returns>
public override bool TryTransform(Point inPoint, out Point result)
{
if (IsInverse)
{
return TryInverseTransform(inPoint, out result);
}
else
{
return TryRegularTransform(inPoint, out result);
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Performs the transform that goes from the parent Viewport3DVisual down in to the 2D on 3D
/// contained within the 3D scene
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inPoint">input point</param>
/// <param name="result">output point</param>
/// <returns>false if the point cannot be transformed</returns>
private bool TryInverseTransform(Point inPoint, out Point result)
{
// set up the hit test parameters
double distanceAdjust;
bool foundIntersection = false;

if (_camera != null)
{
RayHitTestParameters rayHitTestParameters = _camera.RayFromViewportPoint(inPoint,
_viewSize,
_boundingRect,
out distanceAdjust);
rayHitTestParameters.PushVisualTransform(new MatrixTransform3D(_worldTransformation));

// perfrom the hit test
// no back material so we only need to concern ourselves with the front faces
Point pointHit = new Point();
_geometry.RayHitTest(rayHitTestParameters, FaceType.Front);
rayHitTestParameters.RaiseCallback(delegate (HitTestResult rawresult)
{
RayHitTestResult rayResult = rawresult as RayHitTestResult;

if (rayResult != null)
{
foundIntersection =
Viewport2DVisual3D.GetIntersectionInfo(rayResult, out pointHit);
}

return HitTestResultBehavior.Stop;
},
null,
HitTestResultBehavior.Continue,
distanceAdjust);

// perform capture positioning if we didn't hit anything and something has capture
if (!foundIntersection)
{
foundIntersection = HandleOffMesh(inPoint, out pointHit);
}

// compute final point
result = Viewport2DVisual3D.TextureCoordsToVisualCoords(pointHit, _visualBrushBounds);
}
else
{
result = new Point();
}

return foundIntersection;
}

/// <summary>
/// Function to deal with mouse capture when off the mesh.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="mousePos">The location of the mouse</param>
/// <param name="outPoint">output point</param>
private bool HandleOffMesh(Point mousePos, out Point outPoint)
{
Point[] visCorners = new Point[4];

if (_validEdgesCache == null)
{
// get the points relative to the parent
visCorners[0] = _transform2D.Transform(new Point(_visualBounds.Left, _visualBounds.Top));
visCorners[1] = _transform2D.Transform(new Point(_visualBounds.Right, _visualBounds.Top));
visCorners[2] = _transform2D.Transform(new Point(_visualBounds.Right,
_visualBounds.Bottom));
visCorners[3] = _transform2D.Transform(new Point(_visualBounds.Left,
_visualBounds.Bottom));

// get the u,v texture coordinate values of the above points
Point[] texCoordsOfInterest = new Point[4];
for (int i = 0; i < visCorners.Length; i++)
{
texCoordsOfInterest[i] = Viewport2DVisual3D.VisualCoordsToTextureCoords(visCorners[i],
_visualBrushBounds);
}

// get the edges that map to the given visual
_validEdgesCache = GrabValidEdges(texCoordsOfInterest);
}

// find the closest intersection of the mouse position and the edge list
return FindClosestIntersection(mousePos, _validEdgesCache, out outPoint);
}

/// <summary>
/// Function takes the passed in list of texture coordinate points, and then finds the
/// visible outline of the rectangle specified by those points and returns it.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="visualTexCoordBounds">The points specifying the rectangle to search
for</param>
/// <returns>The edges of that rectangle</returns>
private List<HitTestEdge> GrabValidEdges(Point[] visualTexCoordBounds)
{
// our final edge list
List<HitTestEdge> hitTestEdgeList = new List<HitTestEdge>();
Dictionary<Edge, EdgeInfo> adjInformation = new Dictionary<Edge, EdgeInfo>();

// store some important info in local variables for easier access
Point3DCollection positions = _geometry.Positions;
PointCollection textureCoords = _geometry.TextureCoordinates;
Int32Collection triIndices = _geometry.TriangleIndices;

// if positions and texture coordinates are null, we can't really find what we need so return
immediately
if (positions == null || textureCoords == null)
{
return new List<HitTestEdge>();
}

// this call actually gets the object to camera transform, but we will invert it later, and because of
that
// the local variable is named cameraToObjecTransform.
Matrix3D cameraToObjectTransform = _worldTransformation * _camera.GetViewMatrix();
try
{
cameraToObjectTransform.Invert();
}
catch (InvalidOperationException)
{
return new List<HitTestEdge>();
}

Point3D camPosObjSpace = cameraToObjectTransform.Transform(new Point3D(0, 0, 0));

// get the bounding box around the passed in texture coordinates to help
// with early rejection tests
Rect bbox = Rect.Empty;
for (int i = 0; i < visualTexCoordBounds.Length; i++)
{
bbox.Union(visualTexCoordBounds[i]);
}

// walk through the triangles - and look for the triangles we care about
Point3D[] triangleVertices = new Point3D[3];
Point[] triangleTexCoords = new Point[3];

// switch depending on if the mesh is indexed or not
if (triIndices == null || triIndices.Count == 0)
{
int texCoordCount = textureCoords.Count;

// in this case we have a non-indexed mesh
int count = positions.Count;
count = count - (count % 3);

for (int i = 0; i < count; i+=3)
{
// get the triangle indices
Rect triBBox = Rect.Empty;

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
triangleVertices[j] = positions[i + j];

if (i + j < texCoordCount)
{
triangleTexCoords[j] = textureCoords[i + j];
}
else
{
// In the case you have less texture coordinates than positions, MIL will set
// missing ones to be 0,0. We do the same to stay consistent.
// See CMILMesh3D::CopyTextureCoordinatesFromDoubles
triangleTexCoords[j] = new Point(0,0);
}

triBBox.Union(triangleTexCoords[j]);
}

if (bbox.IntersectsWith(triBBox))
{
ProcessTriangle(triangleVertices, triangleTexCoords, visualTexCoordBounds,
hitTestEdgeList, adjInformation, camPosObjSpace);
}
}
}
else
{
// in this case we have an indexed mesh
int count = triIndices.Count;
int posLimit = positions.Count;
int texCoordLimit = textureCoords.Count;
int[] indices = new int[3];

for (int i = 2; i < count; i += 3)
{
// get the triangle indices
Rect triBBox = Rect.Empty;

bool validTextureCoordinates = true;
bool validPositions = true;
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
// subtract 2 to take in to account we start i
// at the high range of indices
indices[j] = triIndices[(i-2) + j];

// if a point or texture coordinate is out of range, end early since this is an error
if (indices[j] < 0 || indices[j] >= posLimit)
{
validPositions = false;
break;
}
if (indices[j] < 0 || indices[j] >= texCoordLimit)
{
validTextureCoordinates = false;
break;
}

triangleVertices[j] = positions[indices[j]];
triangleTexCoords[j] = textureCoords[indices[j]];

triBBox.Union(triangleTexCoords[j]);
}

// if the positions were ever invalid, we stop processing - see MeshGeometry3D
RayHitTestIndexedList
// for reasoning
if (!validPositions)
{
break;
}

if (validTextureCoordinates && bbox.IntersectsWith(triBBox))
{
ProcessTriangle(triangleVertices, triangleTexCoords, visualTexCoordBounds,
hitTestEdgeList, adjInformation, camPosObjSpace);
}
}
}

// also handle the case of an edge that doesn't also have a backface - i.e a single plane
foreach (Edge edge in adjInformation.Keys)
{
EdgeInfo ei = adjInformation[edge];

if (ei._hasFrontFace && ei._numSharing == 1)
{
HandleSilhouetteEdge(ei._uv1, ei._uv2,
edge._start, edge._end,
visualTexCoordBounds,
hitTestEdgeList);
}
}

// project all the edges to get at the 2D point of interest
if (_objectToViewport != null)

{
for (int i = 0; i < hitTestEdgeList.Count; i++)
{
hitTestEdgeList[i].Project(_objectToViewport);
}
}
else
{
hitTestEdgeList = new List<HitTestEdge>();
}

return hitTestEdgeList;
}

/// <summary>
/// Processes the passed in triangle by checking to see if it is facing the camera and if
/// so searches to see if the texture coordinate edges intersect it. It also looks
/// to see if there are any silhouette edges and processes these as well.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p">The triangle's vertices</param>
/// <param name="uv">The texture coordinates for those vertices</param>
/// <param name="visualTexCoordBounds">The texture coordinate edges to intersect
with</param>
/// <param name="edgeList">The edge list that results should be placed on</param>
/// <param name="adjInformation">The adjacency information for the mesh</param>
/// <param name="camPosObjSpace"></param>
private void ProcessTriangle(Point3D[] p,
Point[] uv,
Point[] visualTexCoordBounds,
List<HitTestEdge> edgeList,
Dictionary<Edge, EdgeInfo> adjInformation,
Point3D camPosObjSpace)
{
// calculate the normal of the mesh and the vector from a point on the mesh to the camera
// for back face removal calculations.
Vector3D normal = Vector3D.CrossProduct(p[1] - p[0], p[2] - p[0]);
Vector3D dirToCamera = camPosObjSpace - p[0];

// ignore any triangles that have a normal of (0,0,0)
if (!(normal.X == 0 && normal.Y == 0 && normal.Z == 0))
{
double dotProd = Vector3D.DotProduct(normal, dirToCamera);

// if the dot product is > 0 then the triangle is visible, otherwise invisible
if (dotProd > 0.0)
{
// loop over the triangle and update any edge information
ProcessTriangleEdges(p, uv, visualTexCoordBounds, PolygonSide.FRONT, edgeList,
adjInformation);

// intersect the bounds of the visual with the triangle
ProcessVisualBoundsIntersections(p, uv, visualTexCoordBounds, edgeList);
}
else
{
ProcessTriangleEdges(p, uv, visualTexCoordBounds, PolygonSide.BACK, edgeList,
adjInformation);
}
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Function intersects the edges specified by tc with the texture coordinates
/// on the passed in triangle. If there are any intersections, the edges
/// of these intersections are added to the edgelist
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p">The vertices of the triangle</param>
/// <param name="uv">The texture coordinates for that triangle</param>
/// <param name="visualTexCoordBounds">The texture coordinate edges to be intersected
against</param>
/// <param name="edgeList">The list of edges any intersecte edges should be added to</param>
private void ProcessVisualBoundsIntersections(Point3D[] p,
Point[] uv,
Point[] visualTexCoordBounds,
List<HitTestEdge> edgeList)
{
Debug.Assert(uv.Length == p.Length, "vertices and texture coordinate sizes should match");

List<Point3D> pointList = new List<Point3D>();
List<Point> uvList = new List<Point>();

// loop over the visual's texture coordinate bounds
for (int i = 0; i < visualTexCoordBounds.Length; i++)
{
Point visEdgeStart = visualTexCoordBounds[i];
Point visEdgeEnd = visualTexCoordBounds[(i + 1) % visualTexCoordBounds.Length];

// clear out anything that used to be there
pointList.Clear();
uvList.Clear();

// loop over triangle edges
bool skipListProcessing = false;
for (int j = 0; j < uv.Length; j++)
{
Point uv1 = uv[j];
Point uv2 = uv[(j + 1) % uv.Length];
Point3D p3D1 = p[j];
Point3D p3D2 = p[(j + 1) % p.Length];

// initial rejection processing
if (!((Math.Max(visEdgeStart.X, visEdgeEnd.X) < Math.Min(uv1.X, uv2.X)) ||
(Math.Min(visEdgeStart.X, visEdgeEnd.X) > Math.Max(uv1.X, uv2.X)) ||
(Math.Max(visEdgeStart.Y, visEdgeEnd.Y) < Math.Min(uv1.Y, uv2.Y)) ||
(Math.Min(visEdgeStart.Y, visEdgeEnd.Y) > Math.Max(uv1.Y, uv2.Y))))
{
// intersect the two lines
bool areCoincident = false;
Vector dir = uv2 - uv1;
double t = IntersectRayLine(uv1, dir, visEdgeStart, visEdgeEnd, out areCoincident);

// if they are coincident then we have two intersections and don't need to
// do anymore processing
if (areCoincident)
{
HandleCoincidentLines(visEdgeStart, visEdgeEnd,
p3D1, p3D2,
uv1, uv2, edgeList);
skipListProcessing = true;
break;
}
else if (t >= 0 && t <= 1)
{
Point intersUV = uv1 + dir * t;
Point3D intersPoint3D = p3D1 + (p3D2 - p3D1) * t;

double visEdgeDiff = (visEdgeStart - visEdgeEnd).Length;

if ((intersUV - visEdgeStart).Length < visEdgeDiff &&
(intersUV - visEdgeEnd).Length < visEdgeDiff)
{
pointList.Add(intersPoint3D);
uvList.Add(intersUV);
}
}
}
}

if (!skipListProcessing)
{
if (pointList.Count >= 2)
{
edgeList.Add(new HitTestEdge(pointList[0], pointList[1],
uvList[0], uvList[1]));
}
else if (pointList.Count == 1)
{
Point3D outputPoint;

// To avoid an edge cases caused by generating a point extremely
// close to one of the bound points, we test if both points are inside
// the bounds to be on the safe side - in the worst case we do
// extra work or generate a small edge
if (M3DUtil.IsPointInTriangle(visEdgeStart, uv, p, out outputPoint))
{
edgeList.Add(new HitTestEdge(pointList[0], outputPoint,
uvList[0], visEdgeStart));
}

if (M3DUtil.IsPointInTriangle(visEdgeEnd, uv, p, out outputPoint))
{
edgeList.Add(new HitTestEdge(pointList[0], outputPoint,
uvList[0], visEdgeEnd));
}
}
else
{
Point3D outputPoint1, outputPoint2;

if (M3DUtil.IsPointInTriangle(visEdgeStart, uv, p, out outputPoint1) &&
M3DUtil.IsPointInTriangle(visEdgeEnd, uv, p, out outputPoint2))
{
edgeList.Add(new HitTestEdge(outputPoint1, outputPoint2,
visEdgeStart, visEdgeEnd));
}
}
}
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Handles adding an edge when the two line segments are coincident.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="visUV1">The texture coordinates of the boundary edge</param>
/// <param name="visUV2">The texture coordinates of the boundary edge</param>
/// <param name="tri3D1">The 3D coordinate of the triangle edge</param>
/// <param name="tri3D2">The 3D coordinates of the triangle edge</param>
/// <param name="triUV1">The texture coordinates of the triangle edge</param>
/// <param name="triUV2">The texture coordinates of the triangle edge</param>
/// <param name="edgeList">The edge list to add to</param>
private void HandleCoincidentLines(Point visUV1, Point visUV2,
Point3D tri3D1, Point3D tri3D2,
Point triUV1, Point triUV2,
List<HitTestEdge> edgeList)
{
Point minVisUV, maxVisUV;

Point minTriUV, maxTriUV;
Point3D minTri3D, maxTri3D;

// to be used in final edge creation
Point uv1, uv2;
Point3D p1, p2;

// order the points and give refs to them for ease of use
if (Math.Abs(visUV1.X - visUV2.X) > Math.Abs(visUV1.Y - visUV2.Y))
{
if (visUV1.X <= visUV2.X)
{
minVisUV = visUV1;
maxVisUV = visUV2;
}
else
{
minVisUV = visUV2;
maxVisUV = visUV1;
}

if (triUV1.X <= triUV2.X)
{
minTriUV = triUV1;
minTri3D = tri3D1;

maxTriUV = triUV2;
maxTri3D = tri3D2;
}
else
{
minTriUV = triUV2;
minTri3D = tri3D2;

maxTriUV = triUV1;
maxTri3D = tri3D1;
}

// now actually create the edge
// compute the minimum value
if (minVisUV.X < minTriUV.X)
{
uv1 = minTriUV;
p1 = minTri3D;
}
else
{
uv1 = minVisUV;
p1 = minTri3D + (minVisUV.X - minTriUV.X) / (maxTriUV.X - minTriUV.X) * (maxTri3D -
minTri3D);
}

// compute the maximum value
if (maxVisUV.X > maxTriUV.X)
{
uv2 = maxTriUV;
p2 = maxTri3D;
}
else
{
uv2 = maxVisUV;
p2 = minTri3D + (maxVisUV.X - minTriUV.X) / (maxTriUV.X - minTriUV.X) * (maxTri3D -
minTri3D);
}
}
else
{
if (visUV1.Y <= visUV2.Y)
{
minVisUV = visUV1;
maxVisUV = visUV2;
}
else
{
minVisUV = visUV2;
maxVisUV = visUV1;
}

if (triUV1.Y <= triUV2.Y)
{
minTriUV = triUV1;
minTri3D = tri3D1;

maxTriUV = triUV2;
maxTri3D = tri3D2;
}
else
{
minTriUV = triUV2;
minTri3D = tri3D2;

maxTriUV = triUV1;
maxTri3D = tri3D1;
}

// now actually create the edge
// compute the minimum value
if (minVisUV.Y < minTriUV.Y)
{
uv1 = minTriUV;
p1 = minTri3D;
}
else
{
uv1 = minVisUV;
p1 = minTri3D + (minVisUV.Y - minTriUV.Y) / (maxTriUV.Y - minTriUV.Y) * (maxTri3D -
minTri3D);
}

// compute the maximum value
if (maxVisUV.Y > maxTriUV.Y)
{
uv2 = maxTriUV;
p2 = maxTri3D;
}
else
{
uv2 = maxVisUV;
p2 = minTri3D + (maxVisUV.Y - minTriUV.Y) / (maxTriUV.Y - minTriUV.Y) * (maxTri3D -
minTri3D);
}
}

// add the edge
edgeList.Add(new HitTestEdge(p1, p2, uv1, uv2));
}

/// <summary>
/// Intersects a ray with the line specified by the passed in end points. The parameterized
coordinate along the ray of
/// intersection is returned.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="o">The ray origin</param>
/// <param name="d">The ray direction</param>
/// <param name="p1">First point of the line to intersect against</param>
/// <param name="p2">Second point of the line to intersect against</param>
/// <param name="coinc">Whether the ray and line are coincident</param>
/// <returns>
/// The parameter along the ray of the point of intersection.
/// If the ray and line are parallel and not coincident, this will be -1.
/// </returns>
private double IntersectRayLine(Point o, Vector d, Point p1, Point p2, out bool coinc)
{
coinc = false;

// deltas
double dy = p2.Y - p1.Y;
double dx = p2.X - p1.X;

// handle case of a vertical line
if (dx == 0)
{
if (d.X == 0)
{
coinc = (o.X == p1.X);
return -1;
}
else
{
return (p2.X - o.X) / d.X;
}
}

// now need to do more general intersection
double numer = (o.X - p1.X) * dy / dx - o.Y + p1.Y;
double denom = (d.Y - d.X * dy / dx);

// if denominator is zero, then the lines are parallel
if (denom == 0)
{
double b0 = -o.X * dy / dx + o.Y;
double b1 = -p1.X * dy / dx + p1.Y;

coinc = (b0 == b1);
return -1;
}
else
{
return (numer / denom);
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Helper structure to represent an edge
/// </summary>
private struct Edge
{
public Edge(Point3D s, Point3D e)
{
_start = s;
_end = e;
}

public Point3D _start;
public Point3D _end;
}

/// <summary>
/// Information about an edge such as whether it belongs to a front/back facing
/// triangle, the texture coordinates for the edge, and how many polygons refer
/// to that edge.
/// </summary>
private class EdgeInfo
{
public EdgeInfo()
{
_hasFrontFace = _hasBackFace = false;
_numSharing = 0;
}

public bool _hasFrontFace;
public bool _hasBackFace;
public Point _uv1;
public Point _uv2;
public int _numSharing;
}

/// <summary>
/// Processes the edges of the given triangle. It does so by updating
/// the adjacency information based on the direction the polygon is facing.
/// If there is a silhouette edge found, then this edge is added to the list
/// of edges if it is within the texture coordinate bounds passed to the function.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="p">The triangle's vertices</param>
/// <param name="uv">The texture coordinates for those vertices</param>
/// <param name="visualTexCoordBounds">The texture coordinate edges being searched
for</param>
/// <param name="polygonSide">Which side the polygon is facing (greateer than 0 front, less than
0 back)</param>
/// <param name="edgeList">The list of edges comprosing the visual outline</param>
/// <param name="adjInformation">The adjacency information structure</param>
private void ProcessTriangleEdges(Point3D[] p,
Point[] uv,
Point[] visualTexCoordBounds,
PolygonSide polygonSide,
List<HitTestEdge> edgeList,
Dictionary<Edge, EdgeInfo> adjInformation)
{
// loop over all the edges and add them to the adjacency list
for (int i = 0; i < p.Length; i++)
{
Point uv1, uv2;
Point3D p3D1 = p[i];
Point3D p3D2 = p[(i + 1) % p.Length];

Edge edge;

// order the edge points so insertion in to adjInformation is consistent
if (p3D1.X < p3D2.X ||
(p3D1.X == p3D2.X && p3D1.Y < p3D2.Y) ||
(p3D1.X == p3D2.X && p3D1.Y == p3D2.Y && p3D1.Z < p3D1.Z))
{
edge = new Edge(p3D1, p3D2);
uv1 = uv[i];
uv2 = uv[(i + 1) % p.Length];
}
else
{
edge = new Edge(p3D2, p3D1);
uv2 = uv[i];
uv1 = uv[(i + 1) % p.Length];
}

// look up the edge information
EdgeInfo edgeInfo;
if (adjInformation.ContainsKey(edge))
{
edgeInfo = adjInformation[edge];
}
else
{
edgeInfo = new EdgeInfo();
adjInformation[edge] = edgeInfo;
}
edgeInfo._numSharing++;

// whether or not the edge has already been added to the edge list
bool alreadyAdded = edgeInfo._hasBackFace && edgeInfo._hasFrontFace;

// add the edge to the info list
if (polygonSide == PolygonSide.FRONT)
{
edgeInfo._hasFrontFace = true;
edgeInfo._uv1 = uv1;
edgeInfo._uv2 = uv2;
}
else
{
edgeInfo._hasBackFace = true;
}

// if the sides are different we may need to add an edge
if (!alreadyAdded && edgeInfo._hasBackFace && edgeInfo._hasFrontFace)
{
HandleSilhouetteEdge(edgeInfo._uv1, edgeInfo._uv2,
edge._start, edge._end,
visualTexCoordBounds,
edgeList);
}
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Handles intersecting a silhouette edge against the passed in texture coordinate
/// bounds. It behaves similarly to the case of intersection the bounds with a triangle
/// except the testing order is switched.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="uv1">The texture coordinates of the edge</param>
/// <param name="uv2">The texture coordinates of the edge</param>
/// <param name="p3D1">The 3D point of the edge</param>
/// <param name="p3D2">The 3D point of the edge</param>
/// <param name="bounds">The texture coordinate bounds</param>
/// <param name="edgeList">The list of edges</param>
private void HandleSilhouetteEdge(Point uv1, Point uv2,
Point3D p3D1, Point3D p3D2,
Point[] bounds,
List<HitTestEdge> edgeList)
{
List<Point3D> pointList = new List<Point3D>();
List<Point> uvList = new List<Point>();
Vector dir = uv2 - uv1;

// loop over object bounds
for (int i = 0; i < bounds.Length; i++)
{
Point visEdgeStart = bounds[i];
Point visEdgeEnd = bounds[(i + 1) % bounds.Length];

// initial rejection processing
if (!((Math.Max(visEdgeStart.X, visEdgeEnd.X) < Math.Min(uv1.X, uv2.X)) ||
(Math.Min(visEdgeStart.X, visEdgeEnd.X) > Math.Max(uv1.X, uv2.X)) ||
(Math.Max(visEdgeStart.Y, visEdgeEnd.Y) < Math.Min(uv1.Y, uv2.Y)) ||
(Math.Min(visEdgeStart.Y, visEdgeEnd.Y) > Math.Max(uv1.Y, uv2.Y))))
{
// intersect the two lines
bool areCoincident = false;
double t = IntersectRayLine(uv1, dir, visEdgeStart, visEdgeEnd, out areCoincident);

// silhouette edge processing will only include non-coincident lines
if (areCoincident)
{
// if it's coincident, we'll let the normal processing handle this edge
return;
}
else if (t >= 0 && t <= 1)
{
Point intersUV = uv1 + dir * t;
Point3D intersPoint3D = p3D1 + (p3D2 - p3D1) * t;

double visEdgeDiff = (visEdgeStart - visEdgeEnd).Length;

if ((intersUV - visEdgeStart).Length < visEdgeDiff &&
(intersUV - visEdgeEnd).Length < visEdgeDiff)
{
pointList.Add(intersPoint3D);
uvList.Add(intersUV);
}
}
}
}

if (pointList.Count >= 2)
{
edgeList.Add(new HitTestEdge(pointList[0], pointList[1],
uvList[0], uvList[1]));
}
else if (pointList.Count == 1)
{
// for the case that uv1/2 is actually a point on or extremely close to the bounds
// of the polygon, we do the pointinpolygon test on both to avoid any numerical
// precision issues - in the worst case we end up with a very small edge and
// the right edge
if (IsPointInPolygon(bounds, uv1))
{
edgeList.Add(new HitTestEdge(pointList[0], p3D1,
uvList[0], uv1));
}
if (IsPointInPolygon(bounds, uv2))
{
edgeList.Add(new HitTestEdge(pointList[0], p3D2,
uvList[0], uv2));
}
}
else
{
if (IsPointInPolygon(bounds, uv1) &&
IsPointInPolygon(bounds, uv2))
{
edgeList.Add(new HitTestEdge(p3D1, p3D2,
uv1, uv2));
}
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Function tests to see whether the point p is contained within the polygon
/// specified by the list of points passed to the function. p is considered within
/// this polygon if it is on the same side of all the edges. A point on any of
/// the edges of the polygon is not considered within the polygon.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="polygon">The polygon to test against</param>
/// <param name="p">The point to be tested against</param>
/// <returns>Whether the point is in the polygon</returns>
private bool IsPointInPolygon(Point[] polygon, Point p)
{
bool sign = false;

for (int i = 0; i < polygon.Length; i++)
{
double crossProduct = Vector.CrossProduct(polygon[(i + 1) % polygon.Length] - polygon[i],
polygon[i] - p);

bool currSign = crossProduct > 0;

if (i == 0)
{
sign = currSign;
}
else
{
if (sign != currSign) return false;
}
}

return true;
}


/// <summary>
/// Finds the point in edges that is closest ot the mouse position. Updates closestIntersectionInfo
/// with the results of this calculation
/// </summary>
/// <param name="mousePos">The mouse position</param>
/// <param name="edges">The edges to test against</param>
/// <param name="finalPoint">The final intersection point</param>
/// <returns>The closest intersection point</returns>
private bool FindClosestIntersection(Point mousePos, List<HitTestEdge> edges, out Point finalPoint)
{
bool success = false;
double closestDistance = Double.MaxValue;
Point closestIntersection = new Point(); // the uv of the closest intersection
finalPoint = new Point();

// Find the closest point to the mouse position
for (int i=0, count = edges.Count; i < count; i++)
{
Vector v1 = mousePos - edges[i]._p1Transformed;
Vector v2 = edges[i]._p2Transformed - edges[i]._p1Transformed;

Point currClosest;
double distance;

// calculate the distance from the mouse position to this edge
// The closest distance can be computed by projecting v1 on to v2. If the
// projectiong occurs between _p1Transformed and _p2Transformed, then this is the
// closest point. Otherwise, depending on which side it lies, it is either _p1Transformed
// or _p2Transformed.
//
// The projection equation is given as: (v1 DOT v2) / (v2 DOT v2) * v2.
// v2 DOT v2 will always be positive. Thus, if v1 DOT v2 is negative, we know the projection
// will occur before _p1Transformed (and so it is the closest point). If (v1 DOT v2) is greater
// than (v2 DOT v2), then we have gone passed _p2Transformed and so it is the closest point.
// Otherwise the projection gives us this value.
//
double denom = v2 * v2;
if (denom == 0)
{
currClosest = edges[i]._p1Transformed;
distance = v1.Length;
}
else
{
double numer = v2 * v1;
if (numer < 0)
{
currClosest = edges[i]._p1Transformed;
}
else
{
if (numer > denom)
{
currClosest = edges[i]._p2Transformed;
}
else
{
currClosest = edges[i]._p1Transformed + (numer / denom) * v2;
}
}

distance = (mousePos - currClosest).Length;
}

// see if we found a new closest distance
if (distance < closestDistance)
{
closestDistance = distance;

if (denom != 0)
{
closestIntersection = ((currClosest - edges[i]._p1Transformed).Length / Math.Sqrt(denom)
*
(edges[i]._uv2 - edges[i]._uv1)) + edges[i]._uv1;
}
else
{
closestIntersection = edges[i]._uv1;
}
}
}

if (closestDistance != Double.MaxValue)
{
Point ptOnVisual = Viewport2DVisual3D.TextureCoordsToVisualCoords(closestIntersection,
_visualBrushBounds);

if (_transform2DInverse != null)
{
Point ptRelToCapture = _transform2DInverse.Transform(ptOnVisual);

// we want to "ring" around the outside so things like buttons are not pressed when we
move off the mesh
// this code here does that - the +BUFFER_SIZE and -BUFFER_SIZE are to give a bit of a
// buffer for any numerical issues
if (ptRelToCapture.X <= _visualBounds.Left + 1) ptRelToCapture.X -= BUFFER_SIZE;
if (ptRelToCapture.Y <= _visualBounds.Top + 1) ptRelToCapture.Y -= BUFFER_SIZE;
if (ptRelToCapture.X >= _visualBounds.Right - 1) ptRelToCapture.X += BUFFER_SIZE;
if (ptRelToCapture.Y >= _visualBounds.Bottom - 1) ptRelToCapture.Y += BUFFER_SIZE;

Point finalVisualPoint = _transform2D.Transform(ptRelToCapture);
finalPoint = Viewport2DVisual3D.VisualCoordsToTextureCoords(finalVisualPoint,
_visualBrushBounds);

success = true;
}
}

return success;
}

/// <summary>
/// Performs the transform that goes from 2D on 3D content contained within the 3D scene
/// up to the containing Viewport3DVisual
/// </summary>
/// <param name="inPoint">input point</param>
/// <param name="result">output point</param>
/// <returns>false if the point cannot be transformed</returns>
private bool TryRegularTransform(Point inPoint, out Point result)
{
Point texCoord = Viewport2DVisual3D.VisualCoordsToTextureCoords(inPoint,
_visualBrushBounds);

// need to walk the texture coordinates and look for where this point intersects one of them
Point3D point3D;
if (_objectToViewport != null &&
Viewport2DVisual3D.Get3DPointFor2DCoordinate(texCoord,
out point3D,
_geometry.Positions,
_geometry.TextureCoordinates,
_geometry.TriangleIndices))
{
// convert from this 3D point up to the containing Viewport3D
return _objectToViewport.TryTransform(point3D, out result);
}
else
{
result = new Point();
return false;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Transform the rect bounds into the smallest axis alligned bounding box that
/// contains all the point in the original bounds.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rect"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override Rect TransformBounds(Rect rect)
{
List<HitTestEdge> edges = null;

// intersect the rect given to us with the bounds of the visual brush to guarantee the rect we are
// searching for is within the visual brush
rect.Intersect(_visualBrushBounds);

// get the texture coordinate values for the rect's corners
Point[] texCoordsOfInterest = new Point[4];
texCoordsOfInterest[0] = Viewport2DVisual3D.VisualCoordsToTextureCoords(rect.TopLeft,
_visualBrushBounds);
texCoordsOfInterest[1] = Viewport2DVisual3D.VisualCoordsToTextureCoords(rect.TopRight,
_visualBrushBounds);
texCoordsOfInterest[2] = Viewport2DVisual3D.VisualCoordsToTextureCoords(rect.BottomRight,
_visualBrushBounds);
texCoordsOfInterest[3] = Viewport2DVisual3D.VisualCoordsToTextureCoords(rect.BottomLeft,
_visualBrushBounds);

// get the edges that map to the given rect
edges = GrabValidEdges(texCoordsOfInterest);

Rect result = Rect.Empty;
if (edges != null)
{
for (int i = 0, count = edges.Count; i < count; i++)
{
result.Union(edges[i]._p1Transformed);
result.Union(edges[i]._p2Transformed);
}
}

return result;
}

/// <summary>
/// Returns the inverse transform if there is one, null otherwise
/// </summary>
public override GeneralTransform Inverse
{
get
{
// internal class - no ReadPreamble needed
// ReadPreamble();

GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D inverseTransform = (GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D)Clone();
inverseTransform.IsInverse = !IsInverse;

return inverseTransform;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Returns a best effort affine transform
/// </summary>
internal override Transform AffineTransform
{
[FriendAccessAllowed] // Built into Core, also used by Framework.
get
{
return null;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Returns true if the transform is an inverse
/// </summary>
internal bool IsInverse
{
get { return _fInverse; }
set { _fInverse = value; }
}

/// <summary>
/// Implementation of <see
cref="System.Windows.Freezable.CreateInstanceCore">Freezable.CreateInstanceCore</see>.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The new Freezable.</returns>
protected override Freezable CreateInstanceCore()
{
return new GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D();
}

/// <summary>
/// Implementation of <see
cref="System.Windows.Freezable.CloneCore(Freezable)">Freezable.CloneCore</see>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sourceFreezable"></param>
protected override void CloneCore(Freezable sourceFreezable)
{
GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D transform = (GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D)sourceFreezable;
base.CloneCore(sourceFreezable);
CopyCommon(transform);
}


/// <summary>
/// Implementation of <see
cref="System.Windows.Freezable.CloneCurrentValueCore(Freezable)">Freezable.CloneCurrentValueCor
e</see>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sourceFreezable"></param>
protected override void CloneCurrentValueCore(Freezable sourceFreezable)
{
GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D transform = (GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D)sourceFreezable;
base.CloneCurrentValueCore(sourceFreezable);
CopyCommon(transform);
}


/// <summary>
/// Implementation of <see
cref="System.Windows.Freezable.GetAsFrozenCore(Freezable)">Freezable.GetAsFrozenCore</see>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sourceFreezable"></param>
protected override void GetAsFrozenCore(Freezable sourceFreezable)
{
GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D transform = (GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D)sourceFreezable;
base.GetAsFrozenCore(sourceFreezable);
CopyCommon(transform);
}


/// <summary>
/// Implementation of <see
cref="System.Windows.Freezable.GetCurrentValueAsFrozenCore(Freezable)">Freezable.GetCurrentValu
eAsFrozenCore</see>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sourceFreezable"></param>
protected override void GetCurrentValueAsFrozenCore(Freezable sourceFreezable)
{
GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D transform = (GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D)sourceFreezable;
base.GetCurrentValueAsFrozenCore(sourceFreezable);
CopyCommon(transform);
}

/// <summary>
/// Clones values that do not have corresponding DPs
/// </summary>
/// <param name="transform"></param>
private void CopyCommon(GeneralTransform2DTo3DTo2D transform)
{
_fInverse = transform._fInverse;

_geometry = transform._geometry;

_visualBounds = transform._visualBounds;
_visualBrushBounds = transform._visualBrushBounds;

_transform2D = transform._transform2D;
_transform2DInverse = transform._transform2DInverse;

_camera = transform._camera;
_viewSize = transform._viewSize;
_boundingRect = transform._boundingRect;

_worldTransformation = transform._worldTransformation;
_objectToViewport = transform._objectToViewport;

_validEdgesCache = null;
}

private bool _fInverse;

// the geometry of the 3D object
private MeshGeometry3D _geometry;

// the size of the visual brush and the visual on it we're interested in
private Rect _visualBounds;
private Rect _visualBrushBounds;

// the transform to go in to and out of the coordinate space fo the visual we're
// interested in
private GeneralTransform _transform2D;
private GeneralTransform _transform2DInverse;

// the camera being used on the 3D viewport
private Camera _camera;
private Size _viewSize;
private Rect3D _boundingRect;

// transformations through the 3D scene
private Matrix3D _worldTransformation;
private GeneralTransform3DTo2D _objectToViewport;

// the cache of valid edges
List<HitTestEdge> _validEdgesCache = null;

// the "ring" around the element with capture to use in the capture case
private const double BUFFER_SIZE = 2.0;
private enum PolygonSide { FRONT, BACK };
}
}