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A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for
Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmers
BY
Mr. Suraj Pawar
Organization Traineeship Segment
PGDM-ABM 2012-14 BATCH
Submitted To

Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd
April-May 2013

CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT EDUCATION
VAIKUNTH MEHTA NATIOANL INSTITUTE OF CO-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT,
PUNE

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Suraj Pawar # 1235









CERTIFICATE


This is to certify that Mr. Suraj Pawar, a bonafide student of Post Graduate Diploma

Programme in Agri-Business Management (2012-2014), VAMNICOM, Pune did his summer

Internship under my guidance. He has successfully completed his summer project titled

Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for hybrid jowar

among trade and farmers towards the partial fulfilment of his course.



















Date:

Place:- Dr. Arun Gadewar
(Retired Professor, NIBM)
(Faculty Guide)




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Suraj Pawar # 1235








DECLARATION




This is to certify that I, Suraj Pawar, a student of Post Graduate Diploma Programme in

Agri-Business Management (2012-14), VAMNICOM, Pune, have given original data,

information and maintained full confidentiality to the best of my knowledge in the project

report titled Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for

Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmers and that, no part of this information has been

used for any other assignment but for the partial fulfilment of the requirements towards the

completion of the said project.













Date:-

Place: - Suraj Pawar
1235







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Suraj Pawar # 1235



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly overwhelmed while expressing my sense of gratitude towards all those who
helped and guided me during the course of this project.

I extend my heartiest thanks to Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd, for giving me such an opportunity
for strengthen my domain of knowledge.

I would like to extend my thanks to

Mr. Anil Karanjkar (Program Director),

Dr. D. Ravi (Joint Program Director),

Mr. V. Sudhir (Placement Director),

PGDM, VAMNICOM, Pune for providing necessary guidance, advice and kind support
throughout the project.

I am also thankful to my faculty guide Dr. Arun Gadewar (Retired Professor, NIBM)
for his guidance, valuable suggestions and cooperation throughout the project.

It gives me an immense pleasure in expressing my sincere and profound sense of gratitude to
the Management Team- PRABHAT AGRI BIOTECH LTD.

And my project guide Mr. Shankar Singh Bisht (National Manager Sales &
Marketing), for his inspiring and affectionate guidance, unending benevolence, and
constant encouragement during the course of summer project.

This study would not have achieved the final shape without their support.

It is pleasure to acknowledge my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to the team
Satara Region for helping me during my Project.

I would also like to express my gratitude to all Farmers who had given me their valuable
time and cooperation to materialize my survey work.

Indeed words fail to express my profound sense of gratitude and heartfelt indebtedness to my
beloved Grandparents.

I am also thankful to all of them who are directly or indirectly involved in driving this project





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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Title: Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for

Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmer

Organization: Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd

Reporting Officers: Mr. Himanshu Upreti (Manager Marketing Services)

Faculty Guide: Mr. Arun Gadewar (Retired Professor, NIBM)

Student Name: Mr. Suraj Pawar

Objectives of Research:

1. To understand the Segments trends in Jowar market.

2. To find out the key preferential factors that farmers are seeking in a quality Jowar Hybrid.

3. To understand the cropping pattern for developing best fit product & services for this
region.

Scope:

PRABHAT AGRI BIOTECH LTDs seed business in India focuses on jowar the worlds
and Indias largest crop.

Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd is the leader in Jowar segment in Maharashtra.
The study will help in determining actual, customer Preferences, cropping pattern, crop
economics, & competition among new products PABL may tap market.

By introducing new hybrids, offerings and developing new potential areas.
Changing trends of customer demand & preferences needs new products according to best fit
in crop economics & changing Pattern to keep leading in SATARA district market.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology-
The systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled
observations may that lead to development of generalization, principles, theories,
resulting in predication and possibly ultimate control of events.
Objectives of Research
The purpose of research is to discover answers to question through the
application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth
which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.

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Suraj Pawar # 1235
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it
(studies with this object in view are termed as exploratory or formulative research
studies)
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or
a group.
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else.
4. To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship between variable.
Research Design
Research design is the planned sequence of entire process involving in
conducting research study. Research design is master planned specifying the
methods and procedures for collecting and analysing the needed information
It is defined as a research design in the arrangement of condition for collection
and analysis of data a manner that time aims to combine with economy in
procedure.
Types of research design:-
1. Explorative or formulative design.
2. Descriptive design.
3. Diagnostic design.
4. Historical design.
5. Experimental design.
Research Methodology:
To study the safety, health & welfare practices at PRABHAT AGRI BIOTECH LTD some
research is to be made. Generally research means analyzing, collecting the data regarding the
selected topic, editing the collected data and finally making a report in a formatted way
regarding the selected topic.
Research Used analytical & descriptive research.
Methodology Used:

The research design adopted was Descriptive study & the Sampling method adopted was Non
Probability Convenience Sampling.
The study conducted entails 4 phases to come to the final conclusion.

During the First (1st) phase introduction and understanding of organization i.e. PRABHAT
AGRI BIOTECH LTD, as well as project was done by the company guide and questionnaires
were prepared.

During the Second (2nd) Phase Primary survey was conducted in SATARA districts of
Maharashtra.


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During the Third (3rd) Phase actual study was carried out which involves data analysis of
primary as well as secondary data to achieve the objectives of the study.

During the Fourth (4th) Phase suggestions and recommendations were formulated and final
report was prepared.

Sample Size:


Farmers

200

Trade Partner

100

Company People

10

Area and Administrative Divisions Covered

The whole state of Maharashtra is divided into six revenue divisions ; Pune, Konkan,
Nashik, Aurangabad, Amravati, and Nagpur.
Satara district is part of the Pune division along with the districts of Pune, Sangli, Kolhapur
and Solapur.
Satara district covers an area of 10480 sq. km. with an east west expanse of 135 km and a
north south expanse of 112 km.
The district is divided into eleven administrative sub units (tahsils) - Satara, Wai, Khandala,
Koregaon,

Sub-division Tahsils incorporated in them
Satara Satara, Koregaon Javali
Karad Karad, Patan
Mahabaleshwar Wai, Khandala, Mahabaleshwar
Phaltan Phaltan, Khatav, Man


Sources of Data:

Primary Source: - Farmers, Dealers/ wholesalers, Company People.

Secondary Source: -
www.dacnet.nic.in

Bureau of Statistics and Applied Economics

Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. Of India

Block level Agriculture Department

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Analysis Tool: - Excel 2007 & SPSS
Period of Study: -

The study was conducted for duration of 70 days from April 10
th
2013 to June 25th 2013, from
10th April to 3rd May I did the Farmers survey.
I was supposed to do survey and analyse the data. 5th June to 25th June I did the survey of the
Trade partner and Company people.


Limitations of the project: -
1. A few Farmers were reluctant to share information.
2. Some of the marketing agency did not share the information
3. Data for many factors were not available, so few factors have not been factred while
developing models.
4. The data from government officials were difficult to obtain, as they did not maintain
up to date records.

Findings:
1. The cultivation Sorghum varies from ariea to ariea.
2. In the well irrigated region the Hybrid Sorghum is cultivated.
3. The farmers of Satara district are mostly grow sorghum for the double purpose:
1) Grain production 2) Fodder production.
4. In the dry or low water availability region mostly farmers are going to cultivate the
Local or Deshi variety.
5. In the Western Satara region land holdings of the farmers are very low.
6. And in the Eastern Satara region land holdings of farmers are very high. but the
scarcity of water is more in the eastern region.
7. All Sorghum cultivators in Satara district did not purchase Seed from the trade shop.
8. The farmers which are cultivating Hybrid jowar purchased seed from the trade shop.
9. The seasson of sorghum sowing are changes according to the ariea or division which
is depend on the rainfall.
10. In the western Satara region farmers preferred mostly Kharif seasson for sowing. &
they Sow Sorghum for Grain production only.
11. And in the Eastern Satara region Farmers are observed growing sorghum is in rabbi
seasson. & these farmers sow for the purpose of Grain and Fodder production have also.













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Suraj Pawar # 1235
Recommendations:

1. Try to use Different hybrid variety having the good yield potential and the better
fodder quality.

2. Farmers those who are using Local or Deshi variety go in for seed treatment to the
seed.

3. Try to get information from the Krishi Agency.

4. Trade partner also give required information to the farmers.

5. Cultivate the Sorghum by using Modern scientific cultivation practices.

6. Farmers can try to use high yield and good quality producing sorghum hybrids.

7. To increase the awareness there is a need to concentrate on field work at grass aoots
level i.e. should give demonstrations and provide free samples to farmers.
8. There is need to convenience farmers not to keep land empty for other crop as
Sorghum will get remunerative price value this year.
9. Organize a competition or Sorghum shows in most potential zones where farmers
come up with their best Sorghum
10. For mass communication farmers meeting in villages at evening time, including
audio, visual presentation is most effective channel


















s

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I ndex

Chapter Particulars

Page No.
Chapter 1 Introduction

14
Chapter2 Industry profile

19
Chapter 3 Company Profile

25
Chapter 4 Information of Jowar 30
Chapter 5 Data Analysis & Interpretation

43
Chapter 6 Findings & Suggestion

76
Chapter 7 Bibliography 72
Chapter 8 Annexure 74




























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List of Tables

Table No. Title

Page. No.
1 Production of Sorghum Country wise in 2011

36
2 Graph of the Production of Sorghum Country wise In 2011

37
3 Area, production and productivity of jowar in important
states of India
38
4 Countrywise Ranking in Sorghum Production 40
5 Sorghum Yield kg per Hacter In India In Last Four Year

41
6 Sorghum Area Harvested In India In Last Four Year In
Hacter
41
7 Tehsilwise Sampal in Satara 42














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List of Graphs, Figures and Maps
Fig. No. Title Page No.
A For Farmers

44
1 Changes in yield after changing sowing period 44
1.1 Opinion
1.2 On Time
1.3 Early
1.4 Late
2 Purpose of Jowar Cultivation 46
2.1 For Grain Production
2.2 For fodder production
3 Fodder Quality Which Seed Has Good 47
3.1 Local Variety
3.2 Hybrid variety
4 Buying Seed from Trade Shop 48
5 Seasson of Sowing 49
6 Land Holding 50
7 Cultivating Hybrid Jowar 51
8 Required Time for Jowar Cultivation 52
9 Land Holding 53
9.1 Irrigated
9.2 Rainfed
10 Timing of Sowing 54
11 Land under Jowar Cultivation 55
12 Cultivated Crops 56
12.1 Jowar
12.2 Cotton
12.3 Bajra
12.4 Sugarcane
12.5 Corn
12.6 Other
B For Trade Partner

57
1 Associated Companies With Trade Partner 57
1.1 NSL
1.2 Prabhat Seed
1.3 Pravardhan Seed
1.4 Yaganti Seed
1.5 J.K. Seed

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Suraj Pawar # 1235
1.6 Devgen Seed
1.7 Nirmal Seed
1.8 Local Seed
1.9 Other Seed
2 Reason of Association 60
2.1 High Performance
2.2 High Demand
2.3 Good Discount
2.4 Availability
3 Changes in yield after changing sowing period 62
3.1 Opinion
3.2 On Time
3.3 Early
3.4 Late
C
For Company People

64
1 Criteria for Good Jowar Hybrid 64
1.1 Yield
1.2 Type Of Sowing
1.3 Price
1.4 Food Quality
2 Changes in yield after changing sowing period 66
2.1 Opinion
2.2 On Time
2.3 Early
2.4 Late





















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OVERVIEW OF PROJECT LOCATION
Location

Satara district is located in the south western part of the state of Maharashtra and lies
between 17.5 to 18.11North Latitudes and 73.33 to 74.54 East Longitudes.
It is bounded on the north by Pune, on the south by Sangli, on the west by Ratnagiri, on the
north-west by Raigad, and on the east by Solapur district of Maharashtra state.
The district headquarters Satara is well connected to the state Capital Mumbai ( 260 km to
the north west), and the major towns of Pune and Kolhapur by the Mumbai Bangalore
National Highway No. 4.
Satara is also well connected to other districts of Maharashtra by State highways and other
roads.
There is one railway line -Mumbai to Kolhapur- which passes through Satara district. The
total distance in satara district is 124 KM.

Area and Administrative Divisions

The whole state of Maharashtra is divided into six revenue divisions ; Pune, Konkan,
Nashik, Aurangabad, Amravati, and Nagpur. Satara district is part of the Pune division along
with the districts of Pune, Sangli, Kolhapur and Solapur.
Satara district covers an area of 10480 sq. km. with an east west expanse of 135 km and a
north south expanse of 112 km.
The district is divided into eleven administrative sub units (tahsils) - Satara, Wai, Khandala,
Koregaon, Phaltan, Khatav, Man, Karad, Patan, Jawali and Mahabaleshwar.

Sub-division Tahsils incorporated in them
Satara Satara, Koregaon Javali
Karad Karad, Patan
Mahabaleshwar Wai, Khandala, Mahabaleshwar
Phaltan Phaltan, Khatav, Man


Salient Physical Features and Land Use Patterns

The district has three natural sub-divisions based on the topographical situations - Hilly area
in the west, plains of the Krishna river in the central part, and the plateau area in the east.
Mahabaleswar is the highest place in the district and is located at a height of 1466 m above
mean sea level.

Soil

Black cotton soil is the predominant soil type found here as is the case with most of the
districts on the Deccan Plateau.
Lateritic soil covers many parts of the western tahsils of Mahabaleshwar, Javali, Wai and
Patan, is typicaly clayey in nature and reddish in colour.
Black cotton soil is found in the central part of the district.

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Land Use Patterns

Inhabited Area : 234 sq. km.

Agricultural Area : 7203km

Forest Cover : 1589km

Wastelands: 783km

Drought prone areas : 2300km
Agriculture is the main land use in the district with more than 75% of the total area being
used for
agricultural activities.
Forest cover is more in the western part of the district - evergreen forests have been
identified on the
western extremities.

Climate and Rainfall

Climate
The climate in general is moderate with temperatures during the summer months (March to
mid June) reaching a maximum of 34C, and in the winter months (November to March)
dropping to 10C.
In the western part, the climate is pleasant during the summer, but is very cold during the
monsoon.
In the plains, the climate is moderate throughout the year.

Rainfall
The monsoon period starts in the month of June with the maximum precipitation in July and
August. Total rainfall is 3104 mm although there are large differences in the amount of
precipitation over various parts of the district.
The Sahyadri hill ranges -chiefly in Mahabaleshwar tahsil -in the western extremity receive
more than 6000 mm. Patan and Jawali tahsils also have rainfall in excess of 2000 mm.
Moving eastwards the rainfall amount drops to less than 600 mm in the tahsils of Koregaon,
Karad,Satara.

Socio-Economic Features

Demographic Features

According to the 2001 census, the demographic features in Satara district are as follows :

Total number of households: 4,65,891

Total Population : 28,08,994


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Total male population: 16,08,000

Total female population: 12,00,994

Sex Ratio : 1029

Urban Population: 5,16,424

Rural Population : 22,34,576

Population Density : 233

Literacy rate : 66.67%

Economic, Occupational, Social and Educational
Profile of the Population

Economy

Agriculture is the main economic activity in the district with 63.5% of the total land under
agriculture. In general agriculture activities are less in the western tahsils due to hilly terrain
with Mahabaleshwar tahsil having only 1% land under agriculture, most of the area being
forest land. The eastern tahsils of Khatav and Karad each have about 75% land under
cultivation.
Double crops are cultivated over about 80% of the land under agriculture - along the flows
of rivers Krishna, Koyna, Nira, Yerla double crops are taken.
Cereals dominate the crops in all tahsils.

Social Profile

Out of the 24.45 lakhs population (1991 census), 87% lives in rural areas. 53.19% of
population is below poverty line and there are 33% illiterates in the district. Wai and Javali
tahsils have the largest percentage of households among their population below the poverty
line. SC\ST account for about 10% of the total population.
Karad is the most densely populated tahsil with 470 persons/sq. km., while Man is the most
sparsely populated with 127 persons per sq. km. Satara and Karad are the two major urban
centres.












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AREA COVERED DURING SURVEY
States Maharashtra District Satara:-



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The Indian Seed Industry

Seed is the most important input component for productive agriculture.
In the significant advances that India made in agriculture in the last four decades, the role of
the seed sector has been substantial.
The expansion of seed industry has occurred in parallel with growth in agricultural
productivity.
Given the fact that sustained growth to cope with increasing demand would depend more and
more on the pace of development and adoption of innovative technologies, the seed would
continue to be a vital component for decades to come. The organized seed industry of the
country is just forty years old. Yet, its growth has been phenomenal.

India is one of the few countries where the seed sector is already reasonably advanced.
The private seed industry is no more confined to just production and marketing of seed.
It has as well acquired technological strength to cater to the varietal needs of tomorrow.
The Indian seed industry is currently valued around Rs 2500 crores ($ 500 million) and is
proposed to be around 3750 crores ($ 750 million) by 2002. There are about 150 organized
seed companies in India today.
Several companies have Government of India (DSIR) recognized research and development
departments and have produced and released a large number of varieties and hybrids in
several crops.
The contribution of private research in terms of value is steadily increasing. The share of
research hybrids in total turnover of crops like pearl millet, sorghum-sudan grass, sunflower,
maize, sorghum and cotton was about 70% in 199798 compared to 46% in 199091.
Private R&Ds real investment in research has quadrupled between 1986 and 1998.
Subsidiaries and joint ventures with multinational companies account for 30% of all private
seed industry research.
A study made over nine private seed companies indicates that the amount spent on R&D
ranged from 0.78% (0.49 crores) to 15.08% (22.62 crores) (Companies Annual Reports
199899). Some of the companies initiated the work on development of transgenic crops. In
March 2002 the first transgenic hybrid cotton seed was allowed for commercial cultivation in
the farmers field.
This article provides a historical perspective to the development of seed industry in India, its
current status and future. Besides, some suggestions are also provided for improvement and
modification in the regulatory procedures, particularly in case of transgenic crops.





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Suraj Pawar # 1235
Current status
Indian seed market, estimated at US$1.1 billion, is the 6th largest in the world

It has grown @ 12% compared to <5% growth of global seed market

Private sector not investing in self pollinated crops to develop and promote new varieties

Seed replacement ratio continues to be low

Large acres of self pollinated crops rice, wheat, legumes, etc.
Low hybrid adoption rates in most crops due to marginal growing conditions and/or
subsistence farming

Medium and small sized companies are making investments in research and seed processing
infrastructure

More than 40 seed companies have Govt. recognition for their R&D units

Several Indian companies have introduced GM trait in their germplasm

Indian companies are investing in innovative biotechnology research.

Impact of new technology

Bt cotton is the only GM technology approved in India

First three hybrids of Bt cotton were approved in 2002

A total of 4 events have been approved

Bollgard (Cry1Ac) from Monsanto

Event 1 (Cry1Ac) from JK Agrigenetics

Fusion Bt (Cry1Ac+Cry1Ab) from Nath Biogene

Bollgard II (Cry1Ac + Cry2Ab) from Monsanto

More than 150 Bt cotton hybrids are now available for the farmer to choose from

Income of farmers growing Bt cotton has gone up by Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 per hectare

Pesticide use has decreased significantly reducing health hazards to farm workers

Increased access of Bt cotton farmers to social benefits

More than 80% of the countrys cotton growing area is under Bt cotton


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Cotton production has increased from 12.5 million bales in 2002-03 to 31 million bales in
2007-08

India has become the second largest producer and second largest exporter of cotton in the
world

Regulatory framework
Seed Act, 1966 and Seed Control Order, 1983 (Seeds Bill 2002 is pending Parliamentary
Approval)
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001
Environment Protection Act, 1986
Biological Diversity Act, 2002
Destructive Insects and Pests Act, 1914 Plants, Fruits and Seeds (Regulation of import in
India) Order 1989
Cotton Seed Acts in some states
Export/Import policies and Regulations

Regulatory Challenges

New Seed Bill:
Intends to improve the regulatory framework to encourage the growth of the seed industry +
Self certification through registration of seed producers and accreditation of seed testing labs
- Registration after 2 years of VCU testing
- No provisional registration of transgenic hybrids/varieties
- Duplication of agronomic testing of transgenic hybrids/varieties under EPA and New Seed
Bill
- Performance label and compensation
- Price Control
- Complete exemption of farmers form the operation of the Seed Bill

PPV & FR Act, 2001:
Good beginning to protect the rights of the breeders
- Does not conform to UPOV, 1991
- Gives farmers the right to sell unbranded seed of protected variety
- Allows innocent infringement by farmers
- Compulsory licensing and compensation
- Security of the material during field testing for DUS still to be established
- Efficacy of enforcement still needs to be established
- Specific issues still need to be resolved to address the concerns of the industry

Biodiversity Act, 2002
Restricting exchange of germplasm even of those crops which are covered in the ITPGR

Price Control (through State Acts)
Arbitrary price controls based on political motivations
Disincentive to invest in research and infrastructure
Lead to cost cutting even in critical processes could affect seed quality adversel


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Suraj Pawar # 1235
Productivity challenges

Small marginal farmers with lack of awareness about new technology
Poorly managed or non-functional Govt. extension systems
Availability of institutional credit and crop insurance
Last mile gap (in remote areas) in the delivery / distribution channels
Restricted seed supplies due to negative impact of policy
Abiotic stresses Drought
Low or erratic rainfall in rainfed situations
Light soils with poor water holding capacity
Inability to irrigate enough or on time Water logging
Poor drainage
Excessive rainfall
Sub optimal temperatures
Saline soils
Nutrient deficiencies
Biotic stresses
Fungal, Bacterial and Viral diseases
Sucking and chewing insect pests


Key growth drivers
Introduction of new technology

Increased hybrid adoption in all vegetable crops but esp. tomato, okra and chilli

Increased hybrid adoption in rice and corn

Improved agronomy in cotton

Investment to innovate and create value for the farmers

Way forward

Continued focus on customer requirements
Product fit
Economic benefit
Freedom to choose

Conducive regulatory environment
Minimal regulation and compliance
Freedom to price based on value to customers
Harmonization of various laws and Uniform enactment of central laws across all states
Encouragement, through financial incentives, for investment in infrastructure

Increased investment in agricultural research
Public sector for basic research

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Suraj Pawar # 1235
Private sector for applied research

Encourage R&D investments in private sector
Stronger IPR regulations
Equitable sharing of benefits to all stakeholders to ensure recovery of value added through
intensive research
Financial incentives


Strengthening our education systems to ensure adequate availability of plant breeders

Capacity building especially to deal with the regulatory requirements of the new technology

Create successful public private partnerships
Complementary in nature with no overlaps
Clearly defined objectives and milestones
Equitable resource and benefit sharing
Based on mutual respect for each others capabilities
Clear agreement on IP issues

Summary
Indian seed industry has evolved to become the sixth largest in the world

It is poised to grow at a rate faster than the global rate (huge opportunity to increase SRR)

It has made tremendous contribution to increase productivity through development of
superior hybrids

It is investing in research and infrastructure

It has spearheaded the introduction of new technology (Bt cotton)

Indian seed industry needs policy support to make even bigger contributions in the future:

Encouragement for investment in research and infrastructure
Minimal regulation and compliance
Freedom to operate based on free market principles
Streamlining of regulatory processes to accelerate the development and introduction of new
GM technology

Robust PPP models are needed to better serve the farmers by removing the various
productivity constraints through technological interventions


http://www.apsaseed.org/images/lovelypics/Documents/Technical%20Session08/India


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About Us

Prabhat Agri Biotech Limited (PABL) started its operations in 1992 and has since been at the
service of the Indian farmer growing from its humble beginning as a seed trading company to
become a fully integrated seed company in 1995, encompassing R&D, Production and Sales
&Marketing of various Field and Vegetable crops.

PABL is today an acknowledged leader in the Indian seed Industry.

The proprietary hybrids and varieties of PABL sold under the brand name of PRABHAT
SEEDS enjoy a wide patronization of the Indian farmer across the country in crops like
Cotton, Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, Pearl Millet (Bajra), Sorghum (Jowar) and Vegetables.

PABL has built its reputation on the superior performance of its proprietary products and
strict adherence to seed quality standards. Innovation has been a key to the growth and
success of PABL.

PABL is a company promoted and managed by technocrats.

The promoters of the company viz. Sri M Prabhakara Rao and Sri D V Ranga Rao have a
Masters Degree in Agriculture and Dr. P Sateesh Kumar has a Ph.D in agriculture.

Apart from the directors, the company has a strong team of competent and qualified
professionals managing the various activities like R&D, Production and Sales & Marketing.

PABL has a strong Research & Development Unit which is recognized by the Ministry of
science & Technology, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR, New Delhi).

The germplasm of PABL was acquired from both international and National Research
Institutes and Universities like ICRISAT, TNAU, UAS, PAU, ICAR, CICR, CIMMYT,
APAU, USDA, AVRDC, Universities of NEBRASKA, MISSISIPPI, IOWA, ILLINOIS,
North Dakota State & Plant Breeding Institute of Netherlands.

PABL has successfully launched several proprietary hybrids in the Indian market in Cotton,
Bajra, Maize, Jowar, Sunflower and Vegetable Crops.

PABL has a strong presence in the seed export market especially in custom seed production
by taking advantage of the climate, year round crop production possibilities and availability
of skilled labour in India.

PABL has successfully harnessed modern biotechnological tools for crop improvement.

PABL has successfully introduced several Bt Cotton hybrids in the Indian market.




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Our Leadership
Shri D.V. Ranga Rao - Managing Director


Shri P Sateesh Kumar - Director

Shri Mukesh Mittal (CEO)


Research & Development

Prabhat Agri Biotech Limited (PABL) has a strong R & D Unit which is recognized by the
Ministry of Science and Technology, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR,
New Delhi) of India.

The R & D team is lead by the Promoter/Director of Research Dr. P. Sateesh Kumar.

Dr. Kumar has a Ph.D. in plant breeding and wide ranging experience in breeding for
improved yield and quality in various crops. He was in USA and Canada for about a decade
working a crop improvement before becoming a full time Director in PABL.
Adequate middle and junior level staff specializing in various crops supports Dr. Kumar.
PABL has its Research Farms in and around Hyderabad, A.P., India.

The Company has a very wide and varied range of germplasm in each of the crops it is
working on.

The germplasm was acquired from both International and National Research Institutes and
Universities.
The following table gives brief and concise information on the range of germplasm and their
source:

The extensive germplasm collection coupled with intensive and innovative breeding and
evaluation programmes undertaken by the R and D team has resulted in a range of
commercially successful hybrids.
Marketing

Prabhat is headquartered at Hyderabad (India), we are marketing our seeds across the
country through a network of 10 regional offices, more than 200 distributors and above
20,000 retailers.
This efficient distribution channel is the key for the Prabhat product positioning and
delivery of product on right time at right place.
Our marketing professionals are continuously interacting with the farmers and provide
perfect pre and postharvest solutions.
They are conducting farmer meetings, Kisan melas, field days, audio & visual

28
Suraj Pawar # 1235
presentations, campaigns and sending regular mails to educate formers for getting best
results.
Continuous customer satisfaction audits are conducting at various stages to reaching the
customer expectations.

Source - http://www.prabhatseeds.com/






29
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Cotton
GANESH Bt & Bt II







Field Crop


MAIZE





JOWAR (SORGHUM)

HYBRID PADDY

HIMA Bt & Bt II

MARVAL Bt II

CLASSIC Bt II (UNIQUE SEGMENT)

EMARALD Bt II

LEO COT Bt II
DIVYA Bt
TUSHAR Bt
RANA
RUDRA
RYDER
RYDER M
RUPA
RAKHI
VENUS
MARS
BASAVA
BHARAT
BLAZE
RISE
SIRHIND
RESEARCH PADDY
MEHAK
JAGRITI

30
Suraj Pawar # 1235



















































31
Suraj Pawar # 1235



Importance of Jowar

Sorghum is the worlds fifth most important cereal crop in the world. It is a staple food for
more than half a billion people in the world, 60 percent of whom are in Africa.
Sorghum is believed to have its origins in Africa in the Ethiopian Highlands and South
Sudan.
It is highly tolerant to high temperatures, and is arguably one of the most drought-tolerant
crops under modern day cultivation. It thrives in arid and semi-arid conditions, naturally
growing up to six feet high but has been bred to be shorter for ease of managing the crop and
harvesting. The plant also produces substances that put off birds and insects thereby
protecting the seed.
It is a highly versatile crop with many uses including human food and animal feed, for
brewing and bio-fuels. About 55 percent of the worlds sorghum grain is used as food,
usually consumed as porridge and breads. The stalks and leaves provide dry season grazing
for livestock especially in Asia, while the Americas use the grain as animal feed.
Africa is the largest producer of sorghum in the world with an annual production of about 22
million tons, according to 2006 data.. In Burkina Faso, sorghum is the most productive crop
accounting for 40-45 percent of the annual cereal production. Sorghum has a high yield
potential. The highest recorded yield for the crop in the world is about 20 tons per hectare.

32
Suraj Pawar # 1235
But Africas sorghum output is still very low compared to other regions. In the Central and
Western parts of Africa, sorghum productivity increased 54 percent between the early 1970s
and 2006, according to the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics
(ICRISAT). In the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, sorghum yield increases were comparatively
modest at 15 percent.
The grain is usually red or yellow and is eaten with the hull, where most of the nutrients
reside. It is a nutritious food high in fiber, iron (more than 70 ppm), zinc (more than 50 ppm),
and with fairly high protein levels. Some types of sorghum are also rich in antioxidants.
Sorghum is gluten-free therefore a good alternative for people allergic to wheat.
However, sorghums nutrients are altered in different ways depending on how it is processed.
For example, regular cooking diminishes the availability of sorghums protein such that the
human body cannot digest and absorb it.
In view of the importance of sorghum for the food and nutritional security of 300 million
people across Africa, Africa Harvest is undertaking two sorghum projects in line with its
mission.
Sorghum farmers, who are generally in the arid and semi-arid zones of the country, typically
grow crop the crop for subsistence.
To manage brewer-preferred and farmer-preferred sorghum so farmers supple the brewer
exactly the type and quality of grain desired for beer making
Source. http://africaharvest.org/sorghum.php












33
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Industrial Applications of grains Sorghums are high on the priority list of
energy crops
-based ethanol has a favourable energy input-output ratio.
pharmaceutical, textile, and paper industries. Grain starch can be processed for production of
dextrose, maltose, high fructose syrups, etc.
lactic acid, erythritol, and sorbitol.
developed countries, large quantities of sorghum are produced and processed for these
applications. USA produced 260 million t of sorghum in 1998 of which around 20% was used
for production of starch, high fructose corn syrup, glucose and dextrose, fuel and beverage
alcohol
Use of Grains for Alcohol Production
form as in case of molasses or in the form of starch as in case of grains.
hydrolyzed by a combination of enzymes. Hydrolysed containing free sugar
is fermented to produce alcohol.
sulphurous odor and bad taste and later may have deleterious effects on health if consumed in
large quantities.

approximately 200 organic chemicals and polymers. Molasses contains sucrose, which is
easily fermented by yeast to produce alcohol.
hydrolyzed using enzymes and heat, to obtain fermentable sugars.
makes alcohol produced from molasses cheaper by 2530%.
-products generated by the process of fermentation of molasses
into alcohol is difficult & lead to pollution of the environment.
http://www.icrisat.org/text/research/grep/homepage/sgmm/dis.jpg

34
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Feed and Fodder quality as affected by diseases



Increased milk and meat demand in Asia will require higher quality crop residues and
feed.
Disease-free feed will improve efficiency and quality of meat production
Plant diseases affect quality and quantity of crop residues fed to animals, and reduces
the income of farmers. Therefore, adoption of disease management practices will
improve quality of crop residues and improve livelihood of farmers and dairy-owners.
Maize stripe virus has tremendous influence on the quality of sorghum fodder since
virus-infected sorghum stover has 25 to 62% less digestibility than healthy stover.
Similarly, yield and nutritive value of foliar disease affected groundnut haulm is
seriously reduced.
Fodder quality is important for the poor segment of rural population, as it constitutes
the main source of feed for their cattle and they depend on fodder sale as a source of
income.



35
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Surveys to assess the farmers perception of fodder quality traits
Farmers in traditional sorghum growing areas prefer dual purpose (grain and
fodder) sorghums
Farmers prefer sorghum with thin stalks, more disease-free green leaves and
shorter peduncle length.
Fodder quality is important for the poor segment of rural population, as it
constitutes the main source of feed for their cattle.
Industry-perceived advantages and disadvantages of using sorghum in dairy feed
Advantages Disadvantages
Low Cost
Good energy source
No problems with processing, if
appropriate equipment is used (e.g.,
Amul)
Good availability
Traditionally fed to cattle in rural
areas



Presence of tannins
Discoloration of grains
Deterioration of quality during storage (due to
mould and insects)
Moisture content is sometimes too high
Not always available round the year
Low palatability and digestibility
Customer resistance if sorghum is included in
feed ( although manufactures usually do not
disclose raw materials used)
Industry-perceived advantages and disadvantages of using sorghum in poultry feed
Advantages Disadvantages
Low Cost
Energy
alternative to
maize
Easy
availability
Good
palatability
Lower energy content than maize
Risk of aflatoxins
Risk of tannins
Not always available
Problems with grinding, mash becomes powdery reducing feed intake
by birds
Low palatability and digestibility
Varying quality; grain often infested with weevils, fungi, etc.
http://www.icrisat.org/text/research/grep/homepage/grephomepage/slp.htm

36
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Production of Sorghum Country wise in 2011

Rank Area Production (Int $1000)
Production
(MT)
1 India 1035880 7003100
2 Nigeria 992610 6897060
3 Ethiopia 602434 3959900
4
United States of
America
346703 5447100
5 Argentina 284361 4458440
6 Burkina Faso 226901 1505540
7 China 197913 2054316
8 Cameroon 171952 1150000
9 Mali 157088 1191020
10
United
Republic of Tanzania
119698 806575
11 Niger 112738 807268
12 Chad 96008 650000
13 Yemen 90411 602963
14 Mozambique 73542 502875
15 Uganda 58722 437000
16 Egypt 52938 839195

37
Suraj Pawar # 1235
17 Saudi Arabia 49986 327230
18 Ghana 43777 287069
19 Italy 38182 299500
20 Togo 31658 243267

Graph Production of Sorghum Country wise I n 2011


http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx





38
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Table2. Area, production and productivity of jowar in important
states of India in State

Area (000 ha) Production (000
t)
Productivity
(q/ha)
Andhra Pradesh 500.0 516.0 10.32
Bihar 3.8 3.8 10.00
Chhattisgarh 6.6 4.4 6.67
Gujarat 179.8 207.5 11.54
Haryana 96.0 26.0 2.71
Jammu & Kashmir 6.0 3.6 6.00
Jharkhand 2.2 1.7 7.73
Karnataka 1662.0 1435.0 8.63
Kerala 0.7 0.3 4.29
Madhya Pradesh 659.0 630.6 9.57
Maharashtra 4756.0 3624.0 7.62
Orissa 10.1 5.5 5.45
Rajasthan 573.0 265.9 4.64
Tamil Nadu 376.7 252.1 6.69
Uttar Pradesh 247.3 252.3 10.20
West Bengal 1.5 0.6 4.00
India 9092.3 7244.0 7.97

Source: Fertilizer Association of India

39
Suraj Pawar # 1235


Source: Fertilizer Association of India

0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
A
n
d
h
r
a

P
r
a
d
e
s
h
B
i
h
a
r
C
h
h
a
t
t
i
s
g
a
r
h
G
u
j
a
r
a
t
H
a
r
y
a
n
a
J
a
m
m
u

&

K
a
s
h
m
i
r
J
h
a
r
k
h
a
n
d
K
a
r
n
a
t
a
k
a
K
e
r
a
l
a
M
a
d
h
y
a

P
r
a
d
e
s
h
M
a
h
a
r
a
s
h
t
r
a
O
r
i
s
s
a
R
a
j
a
s
t
h
a
n
T
a
m
i
l

N
a
d
u
U
t
t
a
r

P
r
a
d
e
s
h
W
e
s
t

B
e
n
g
a
l
Area, production and productivity of jowar in
India Statewise
Productivity (q/ha)
Production (000 t)
Area (000 ha)
Andhra
Pradesh
6%
Bihar
0%
Chhattisgarh
0%
Gujarat
2%
Haryana
1%
Jammu & Kashmir
0%
Jharkhand
0%
Karnataka
18%
Kerala
0%
Madhya Pradesh
7%
Maharashtra
52%
Orissa
0%
Rajasthan
6%
Tamil Nadu
4%
Uttar Pradesh
3%
West Bengal
0%
Area, production and productivity of jowar in
India Statewise


40
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Rank Country Production (1000 MT)
1 Nigeria 6,900.00
2 Mexico 6,800.00
3 United States 6,272.00
4 India 6,000.00
5 Argentina 5,200.00
6 Sudan 3,800.00
7 Ethiopia 3,700.00
8 Brazil 2,800.00
9 China 2,650.00
10 Burkina Faso 1,800.00
11 Australia 1,700.00
12 Niger 1,000.00
13 Mali 900.00
14 Chad 900.00
15 Egypt 900.00
16
Tanzania, United
Republic Of
760.00
17 Cameroon 600.00
18 EU-27 560.00
19 Uganda 500.00


41
Suraj Pawar # 1235



Source- http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor

0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1 2 3 4
Series2 9487 8602 9621 10209
Series1 2011 2010 2009 2008
K
g
/
H
a
c
t
e
r

Sorghum Yield kg per Hacter In India In Last Four
Year
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
8000000
1 2 3 4
Series2 7764000 7530900 7787200 7381700
Series1 2008 2009 2010 2011
H
a
c
t
e
r

Sorghum Area Harvested In India In Last Four Year
In Hacter

42
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Sampal Tehsilwise I n Satara District



Conclusion-
A total of 200 farmers survey was done in Satara district for ascertaining of the fluctuation in
yield due to the variation in the sowing time.
In this Survey relatively a large number of more farmers were taken from the Patan tahsil.
Because the Hybrid Jowar are being cultivated in large area in Patan tahsil.



Patan Satara Fhalta
n
Karad Man Koare
gaon
Khand
ala
Jaoli Khatav Vai
Series1 44 40 8 29 28 12 11 11 8 9
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Sampal In Satara
Patan
22%
Satara
20%
Fhaltan
4%
Karad
14%
Man
14%
Koaregaon
6%
Khandala
5%
Jaoli
6%
Khatav
4%
Vai
5%
Sampal In Satara

43
Suraj Pawar # 1235

















44
Suraj Pawar # 1235
For Farmers
Changes in yield after changing sowing period

Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that the each and every farmers in this particular
district have said that if the sowing period will changes then the yield of crop also changes.


Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that
The farmers expressed their opinion the time of sowing is that the yield of the Sorghum is
observed to be more in the on time sowing.
The timing of sowing observed by farmers is in Kharif 15-June & in rabbi 15-Oct.
Opinion
Yes
No
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Opinion Yes No
Series1 200 0
Opinion
on time
More
Less
No
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

on time More Less No
Series1 200 0 0
On Time

45
Suraj Pawar # 1235

Conclusion-This pie chart shows that..
The opinions of farmers on the early sowing is 76 % and have expressed that the yield of
early sown jowar is less.
And the yield of the early sowing is more as reported by 1%. & 23 % said no changes in the
yield.

Conclusion-This pie chart shows that..
The Yield of Late sowing of Sorghum is more as reported by 30% farmers & yield is less as
expressed by the 47% of the farmers & the yield of late sowen sorghum did not change as
said by the 23%farmers.

More
1%
Less
76%
No
23%
Early
More
30%
Less
47%
No
23%
Late

46
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Purpose of Jowar Cultivation




Conclusion-This pie chart shows that..
An overwhelming 100% of farmers cultivating Jowar mainly for the Grain production.

Conclusion-This pie chart shows that.
Besides Farmers are cultivating jowar for the grain and for the fooder production have also.
In the survay 72% of the farmers opined that they are cultivating jowar for fodder production
have and grain production. And 28% have said that thay are cultivating jowar for the grain
production only.
For Grain Production
Yes
No
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

For Grain
Production
Yes No
Series1 200 0
For Grain Production
Yes
72%
No
28%
For Fodder Production

47
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Fodder Quality Which Seed Has Good


Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that
Each and every farmers are said that the Local Seed or deshi variety have good Fodder
quality as compared to the Hybrid variety.
A few farmers however said that the Height of Hybrid variety is less as compared to local
variety. Animals do not prefer hybrid Jowar Fodder as test differ.

Local Seed
Yes
No
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Local Seed Yes No
Series1 200 0
Local Seed
Hybrid
Seed
Yes
No
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Hybrid Seed Yes No
Series1 0 200
Hybrid Seed

48
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Buying Seed from Trade Shop

Yes 148
No 52






Conclusion-
This pie chart shows that the sorghum cultivated by 74% farmers are said that they buy seed
from the Trade shop.

Whereas 26% farmers obtained that they do not buying seed from the trade shop.

The analyses is that those farmers which have been cultivating hybrid jowar only that farmers
are buying seed from the trade shop.

The farmers who do not buy seed from the trade shop invariably cultivate local or Deshi
variety.

The farmers from Western Sataras are observed to buy seeds from trade shop where as
farmers from Eastern Satara did not prefer seeds from trade shop.







49
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Seasson of Sowing

Rabbi 147
Kharif 53



Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that..
The farmers of Satara district are cultivating sorghum in two seasson that is Kharif & Rabbi.
The 73% farmers cultivating sorghum in the Rabbi Seasson & 27% farmers are cultivating in
the Kharif.
The Western Sataras farmers are cultivating sorghum mostly in the Rabbi seasson are
observed from this survey.
& the Eastern Sataras farmers are mostly cultivating in the Kharif.




50
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Land Holding

Land Farmer
1 to 5 105
6 to 10 44
11 to 15 24
16 to 20 19
21 to 25 8




Conclusion-
The land holding of farmers in Satara district varies from the 1 acre to 25 acre.

The 52% farmers of particular district have 1 to 5 acre land holding.

The 22% farmers of district have 6 to 10 acre land holding.

The 12% farmers in Satara district have 11 to 15 acre land holding.

The 10% farmers in this district have 16 to 20 acre land holding.

The 4% farmers in district have 21 to 25 acre land holding.

From the analysis it was observed that the land holding of farmer varies according to area.
Land holding is small in Western Satara while land holding is more in Eastern Satara is
relatively larger.





51
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Cultivating Hybrid Jowar



Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that..
The farmers of Satara district are cultivating hybrid jowar. The hybrid jowar is not cultivating
In all tahsil of Satara district.
Farmers from Western Satara are mostly cultivating Hybrid sorghum as observed from this
survey & the farmers from Eastern Satara are not cultivating Hybrid Sorghum.
In the surveyed 25% farmers are not cultivating Hybrid Jowar while 75% are cultivating
Hybrid Jowar.

\
Yes 150
No 50
Cultivating
Hybrid
Jowar
Yes
No
150
50
Cultivating Hybrid Jowar
Series1
Yes
75%
No
25%
Cultivating Hybrid Jowar

52
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Required Time for Jowar Cultivation
Up to 4 Month 105
Up to 4.5
Month 17
Up to 5 Month 78


Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that..
The required time for the jowar cultivation or the time required from the sowing upto the
harvesting vary from farmers to farmers.
The 52% farmers are said that they have required 4 month for the Jowar cultivation. Thane
39% said required 5 month for cultivation & 9% saied they have required 4.5 month for
sorghum cultivation.
The opinion of farmers varies varied with regard to time for sorghum cultivation.

Required
Time For
Jowar
Cultivation
Up to 4
Month
Up to 4.5
Month
Up to 5
Month
105
17
78
Req Time
Series1 Series2 Series3
Up to 4 Month
52%
Up to 4.5 Month
9%
Up to 5 Month
39%
Required Time For Jowar Cultivation

53
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Land Holding-

Irrigated Land Holding


Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that..
The 100% farmers have the irrigated land holding.
There is Irrigated and Rainfed land holding farmers also.
The 30% farmers in these all survey having Rainfed land holding & 70% farmers having no
Rainfed land holding.

Irrigated Land
Yes
No
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Irrigated Land Yes No
Series1 200 0
Irrigated Land
Yes
30%
No
70%
Rainfed Land

54
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Timing of Sowing


June 67
15-Jun 51
June-Jully 27
Octomber 28
15-Octom 16
Sept-Oct 11



The timing of sowing in Satara changes according to the Seasson of sowing.

If jowar is cultivated into the Kharif season thes the time of sowing is in June to July.

And the jowar is cultivated in Rabbi Then it is sown during September to Octomber.

The cultivation of jowar is mostly done in the June to July.

The 15-June & 15-Octomber is the more proffered dates for jowar sowing in both the season.









55
Suraj Pawar # 1235

Land under Jowar Cultivation

Land Farmers
Upto 0.2 3
Upto0.5 49
Upto 1 78
Upto 1.5 31
Upto 2 27
Upto 2.5 5
Upto 3 7


Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.
Maximum Farmers in Satara district Cultivating Jowar upto 1 & 1.5 Acre.
In District There is very less number of farmers which is cultivating jowar below 0.2 acre
& in district there are very less number of farmers cultivating more than 2 acre jowar on thrir
land
The Farmers are cultivating Jowar for the Grain as well as Fodder production also.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Upto 0.2 Upto0.5 Upto 1 Upto 1.5 Upto 2 Upto 2.5 Upto 3
Farmers 3 49 78 31 27 5 7
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Farmers

56
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Cultivated Crops




Conclusion-This pie chart shows that..
The cropping pattern of Satara district is very diversified .
Yes
No
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Yes No
Series1 200 0
Jowar
Yes
13%
No
87%
Cotton
Yes No
Series1 200 0
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Corn
81%
19%
Bajara
Yes No
Yes
93%
No
7%
Sugarcane
Yes No
Series1 200 0
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Other

57
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Jowar, Cotton, Sugarcane, Bajra, Corn, Other crops are also cultivating I district.
Pulses, fruit crop, Oil seed, Cash crop, vegetable etc. are cultivated in Satara.
In these survey each and every surveyed farmers are cultivating Jowar.
Thane 81% farmers are cultivating Bajra. 19% are said they are not cultivating Bajra.
93% are Sugarcane growers are there & 7% said they are not growing Sugarcane.
100% Corn grower is in Satara district.
Cotton Growers is in Satara district are very less as compared to other crop.
For Trade Partner

Associated Companies With Trade Partner


90%
10%
NSL Seed
NSL Yes No
Yes
56%
No
44%
Prabhat Seed

58
Suraj Pawar # 1235





Yes
33%
No
67%
Pravardhan Seed
Yes
27%
No
73%
Yaganti Seed
Yes
59%
No
41%
J K Seed
Yes
91%
No
9%
Devgen Seed
Yes
73%
No
27%
Nirmal Seed
Yes
97%
No
3%
Local Seed

59
Suraj Pawar # 1235

Conclusion-This pie chart shows that.
The trade partners are selling different companies seed from their outlet.
The trade partners are giving preference to the farmers demand. The seed is demanded by
farmers that seed will be provided by the trade partner.
90% trade partners are sealing seed of NSL Company & 10% trade partners are not selling
seed of NSL seed.
In Satara District 56% trade partners are selling seed of Prabhat Seed Company & 44% trade
partners are not selling seed of Prabhat seed.
33% trade partners are sealing seed of Pravardhan Company & 67% trade partners are not
selling seed of Pravardhan seed.
27% trade partners are selling seed of Yaganti Company & 73% trade partners are not selling
seed of Yaganti seed.
59% trade partners are selling seed of J.K.Seed Company & 41% trade partners are not
selling seed of J.K.Seed seed.
91% trade partners are selling seed of Devgen Company & 9% trade partners are not selling
seed of Devgen seed.
73% trade partners are selling seed of Nirmal Company & 27% trade partners are not selling
seed of Nirmal seed.
In Satara District 97% trade partners are selling seed of Local company trade partners & 3%
trade partners are not selling seed of Local seed.
32% trade partners are selling seed of other company & 68% trade partners are not selling
seed of other seed
Yes
32%
No
68%
Other Seed

60
Suraj Pawar # 1235
Reason of Association


Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that The performance of the specific seed is the
important to create demand among the trade. The high performance seed is improving the
yield of the crop. Hence high performance is the 100% important factor for the association
with company.



Conclusion-This pie chart shows that The demand is very impactful facter for the
association.. The specific demand of customer also increases the association of yards partner
or dealer with the specific company.




0
20
40
60
80
100
High Performance Yes No
Series1 100 0
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

High Performance
Yes
100%
No
0%
High Demand

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Conclusion- This pie chart shows that the good discount also attract more farmers towards
the seed or product.
The 54% dealers are said that the customers are giving good response to discount skim hence
sell is more. And 46% of the said they are not attracted or associated due to good discount on
product




Conclusion- This pie chart shows that 88% trade partner or dealers are associated with
company due to the nearest availability of the products. & 12% dealers are said they are not
thinking about the availability of product.
Yes
54%
No
46%
Good Discount
Yes
88%
No
12%
Availablity

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Changes in yield after changing sowing period


Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that the each and every farmers in these particular
district said that if the sowing period will change thane the yield of crop is also changes.



Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.
The farmers are giving their opinion on the on time sowing is that the yield of the Sorghum is
more in the on time sowing.
The timing of sowing said by farmer is that in Kharif 15-June & in rabbi 15-Oct.

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Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that..
The opinion of Trade partners on the early sowing is the 89 said that yield of early sown
jowar is less.
And the yield of the early sowing is more said by 7. & 4 said no changes in the yield.



Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that
The Yield of Late sowing of Sorghum Is more said by 13Trade partners & yield is less said
by the 65 Trade partners & the yield of late sowen sorghum is not changes said by the 22
Trade partners.

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For Company People
Criteria for Good Jowar Hybrid



Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that 100% company people said that the yield is the
very important aspect for the Good Jowar Hybrid. Each and every one looking towards the
output of the product first.



Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that Type of sowing is also important aspect for the
deciding good hybrid.
100% company members said the Type of sowing is required to decide good hybrid jowar.

Yield
Yes
No
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Yield Yes No
Series1 10 0
Yield
Type Of
Sowing
Yes
No
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Type Of Sowing Yes No
Series1 10 0
Type of Sowing

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Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that 80% company people said that price is important
criteria to decied the good hybrid jowar. If the price of seed is more thane it is affect on the
seal of the seed.
20% said no. price is not thinking infront of quality and yield of crop.



Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that The food quality is also important critera for the
deciding good hybrid jowar.
The good quality seed mostly preferred in the Market by farmer & dealers.

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Changes in yield after changing sowing period



Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that The each and every Company peoples in these
particular district said that if the sowing period will change thane the yield of crop is also
changes.



Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that..
The Company peoples are giving their opinion on the on time sowing is that the yield of the
Sorghum is more in the on time sowing.The timing of sowing is said by farmer is that in
Kharif 15-June & in rabbi 15-Oct.

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Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that..
The opinion of Company peoples the early sowing is the 5 said that yield of early sown
jowar is less.
And the yield of the early sowing is more said by 5. & no one said no changes in the yield.



Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.
The Yield of Late sowing of Sorghum Is more said by 4 Company peoples & yield is less
said by the 6 Company peoples & the yield of late sown sorghum did not changes said by the
no one Company people.

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FINDINGS

After analyzing all the primary and secondary data collected during the research and
also based on the observation made by while contacting the farmer, dealers and
retailers following are the findings

The cultivation Sorghum changes area by area.

In the well irrigated region the Hybrid Sorghum are cultivated.

The farmers of Satara district are mostly grow sorghum for the double purpose like as
for Grain production and for Fodder production.

Farmers grow Sorghum mainly for consumption and fodder purpose so variety which
have good taste has good opportunity

In the dry or low water availability region mostly farmers are going to cultivate the
Local or Deshi variety.

In the Western Satara region land holdings of the farmers are very low.

And in the Eastern Satara region land holdings of farmers are very high but the
scarcity of water is more in the eastern region.

Small farmers grow Jowar where there is less irrigation facility. They generally grow
Jowar on one or two acre.

All Sorghum cultivators in Satara district are not purchasing Seed from the trade
shop.

The farmers which is cultivating Hybrid jowar that farmer only purchasing seed from
the trade shop.

The seasson of sorghum sowing are changes according to the area or division which
is dependent on the rainfall.

In the western Satara region farmers are prefaierd mostly Kharif seasson for sowing.
& they are Sowing Sorghum for Grain production has only.

And in the Eastern Satara region Farmers are sowing sorghum is in rabbi seasson. &
these farmers are sowing for the Grain and Fodder production have also.


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The scarcity of water in the Eastern Satara region is more as compared to the Western
region

The purpose of Sorghum cultivation is varied according to region.

In the Western region Sorghum is cultivated for the Grain production only & in
Eastern region Jowar is cultivated for the Grain & fodder production.

The impact of Sowing period on the yield of jowar is very fluctuating.

Each and every farmer is said that on time sowen crop are giving more yield.

Thane Few farmers are Saied Early or late sowen crop are giving more yield & few
were saied that no changes on yield after changing sowing time.
Trade partner and company people are also give same opinion which is given by the
Farmers about the Impact of sowing period on Yield.

The trade partners of Satara district are selling different variety of different company.

The yield & price is the main criteria for the selecting the hybrid variety.

Farmers of Satara district are saying that the height of the Hybrid Jowar is very low as
campaire to the Local or Deshi variety. Hence the local variety fodder quality is good
as compare to Hybrid variety.

About 10% retailers dont know about the advance booking system or cash discount
given by the company. Those who know the advance booking system most of them do
not prefer it because of uneven rainfall, rate fluctuation etc.

Most of the retailers are satisfied with the present distribution channel

Most of the farmers even dont know the company PRABHAT; they know the
varieties like Basava, Bharat etc. This may face problem if company wants to launch
new variety with different name.

Suggestion

Try to use Different hybrid variety which having the good yield potential and
better the fodder quality
.

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To increase the awareness there is need to concentrate on field work at ground
level i.e. should give demonstration and provide free samples to farmers.

If farmers are using Local or Deshi variety thane try to done seed treatment to
the seed.

As Sugarcane is most preferred product in Satara region if there is delay in rain
farmers keep their land empty for Sugarcane. But commission for agriculture
cost and prices has recommended to increase the minimum support price for
crops by 25-40%. If central government agrees to give Minimum Support price
to Sorghum thane farmers can without any risk thay can cultivate Sorghum.

There is need to convenience farmers not to keep land empty for other crop as
Sorghum will get good price value this year.

Try to get information from the Krishi Agency.

Trade partner also give required information to the farmers.
Cultivate the Sorghum by using Modern Technology.

Organizing a competition or Sorghum show in most potential zones where
farmers come up with their best Sorghum

Farmers can try to use more yielded and good quality producing sorghum
hybrid.

Farmers are required to use pesticide, insecticide for the protection of Jowar
from the disease & pest.

For mass communication farmers meeting in villages at evening time,
including audio, visual presentation is most effective channel

Try to change the cropping pattern of Jowar cultivation.


Use of different IT tools is the most effective way to reach to the farmers and
to make aware about the product. For example sending sms will not be the
useful tool Company should make bulk calling during the main season by using
technology like recorded voice call.




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BI BI LI OGRAPHY
Company literature

WEBSITES:

http://www.icrisat.org/crop-sorghum.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://www.icrisat.org/vasat./le/arning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/h
tml/m9_2/resources/2149.html
http://agropedia.iitk.ac.i.n/?q=content/pearl-millet-cultivars
http://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/ht
ml/m3/in./
Bureau of Statistics and Applied Economics
Directorate of Agriculture ,Maharashtra
www.wikipedia.org
www.ikisan.com
http://apy.dacnet.nic.in/crop_fryr_toyr.aspx
www.prabhatseed.com
www.google.co.in
www.mapsofindia.com


GOVERNMENT AGENCIES:

Department of Agriculture, Maharashtra

Department of Statistics, Maharashtra

Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. Of India






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ANNEXURE-1
Project Title-

Impact of sowing period on the yield of JOWAR crop & preference for HYBRID JOWAR
among trade and farmers.

Farmers Questionnaire
Basic Information:

Name: -__________________________________________

Age: ______

Village-_________________ Tahsil-__________________

District- Satara

Education: _____________

Land Holding: - ________Acre

Irrigation Type- 1 Irrigated. 2. Rainfed

Which crops you are growing?
Jowar
Cotton
Corn
Bajra
Sugarcane
Other

If saying Jowar then only go ahead-

How many acres of land you are cultivating under JOWAR crop?
________Acre
Season of sowing?
Rabbi
Kharif

Timing or Month of Sowing.
___________________________________

Required time for the JOWAR production.
_______Month


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Purpose of sowing.
For Grain production.
For Fodder production.



You are cultivating hybrid JOWAR crop?
Yes
No
Which Hybrids of JOWAR are known to you?
1.___________________
2.___________________
3.___________________

The period or time of sowing is changes?
Yes
No
The yield also changing after changing period?
Yes
No

Fluctuation in yield after changing sowing period.
On time sowing Early sowing
More- More-
Less Less
No- No-
Late sowing
More-
Less
No-

According to you, which is the most concerned aspect for selection of Hybrid JOWAR
Seeds?-
Rate them on 5 point basis.
1. Price of seed
2. Higher density planting
3. Yield
4. Short duration to mature
5. Disease resistance

You are buying seeds?
Yes
No

Fodder quality which has good-
Local variety-
Hybrid variety-

Any suggestion you want to give regarding JOWAR crop cultivation?
_____________________________________________________________________

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ANNEXURE-2
For Trade-

Name of Trade partner-___________________________________
Location-___________________________________

Which companies are with you-?
1. NSL
2. Prabhat
3. Yaaganti
4. Pravardhan
5. J K SEEDS
6. Devegen
7. Nirmal
8. Local
9. Others

Reason of association-
High performance of Product
High demand of Product by Farmers
Good discount or attractive trade schemes
Availability of products-

Which time of sowing do you recommend to farmer-
___________________________________

Is there any fluctuation in yield as sowing time differ-
Q. Fluctuation on yield
On time sowing
1. More-
2. Less
3. No-
Early sowing
1. More-
2. Less
3. No-
Late sowing
1. More-
2. Less
3. No-

What will be future size in 2013-14
___________________________________
What is the scope in 2013-14 for Prabhat-
___________________________________



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ANNEXURE-3

For company people-

Company-___________________________________
Designation-___________________________________
Name-___________________________________
Contact No-___________________________________
Location-___________________________________

Is there any fluctuation in yield as sowing time differ-

On time sowing
1. More-
2. Less
3. No-
Early sowing
1. More-
2. Less
3. No-
Late sowing
1. More-
2. Less
3. No-

Criteria of a good Jowar hybrid-

Yield
Medium price
Suitable for most type of sowing
Food quality