Born May 16, 1821 Akatovo, Kaluga Governorate, Russian Empire Died December 8, 1894 (aged 73) St. Petersburg, Russian Empire Nationality Russian Fields Mathematician Institutions St. Petersburg University Alma mater Moscow University Doctoral advisor Nikolai Brashman Doctoral students Dmitry Grave Aleksandr Korkin Aleksandr Lyapunov Andrey Markov Vladimir Andreevich Markov Konstantin Posse Known for probability, statistics, mechanics, and analytical geometry Notable awards Demidov Prize (1849) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (Russian:
; IPA: [pf'n ut(j) 'lvovt
b'of]) (May 16 [O.S.
May 4] 1821 December 8 [O.S. November 26] 1894) [1] was a Russian mathematician. His name can be alternatively transliterated as Chebychev, Chebysheff, Chebyshov, Tchebychev or Tchebycheff, or Tschebyschev or Tschebyscheff (the latter two pairs are French and German transcriptions). 1 Biography 2 Mathematical contributions 3 Legacy 4 Publications 5 See also 6 References 7 External links One of nine children, Chebyshev was born in the central Russian village of Akatovo near Borovsk, to Agrafena Ivanova Pozniakova and Lev Pavlovich Chebyshev. His father had fought as an officer against Napoleon Bonaparte's invading army. Chebyshev was originally home schooled by his mother and his cousin, Avdotia Kvintillianova Soukhareva. He learned French early in life, which later helped him communicate with other mathematicians. A stunted leg prevented him from playing with other children, leading him to concentrate on his studies instead. Chebyshev studied at the college level at Moscow University, where he earned his bachelor's degree in 1841. At Moscow University, Chebyshev was a graduate student of Nikolai Brashman. After Chebyshev became a professor of mathematics in Moscow himself, his two most illustrious graduate students were Andrei Andreyevich Markov (the elder) and Aleksandr Lyapunov. Pafnuty Chebyshev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pafnuty_Chebyshev 1 of 4 7/28/2014 1:07 AM Pafnuty Chebyshev on a stamp of the Soviet Union in 1946. Later he moved to St. Petersburg, where he founded one of the most important schools of mathematics in Russia, and there is today a research institute in mathematics called the Chebyshev Laboratory in that city. Chebyshev is known for his work in the fields of probability, statistics, mechanics, and number theory. The Chebyshev inequality states that if is a random variable with standard deviation , then the probability that the outcome of is no less than away from its mean is no more than : The Chebyshev inequality is used to prove the Weak Law of Large Numbers. The BertrandChebyshev theorem (1845|1850) states that for any , there exists a prime number such that . This is a consequence of the Chebyshev inequalities for the number of prime numbers less than , which state that is of the order of . A more precise form is given by the celebrated prime number theorem: the quotient of the two expressions approaches 1.0 as tends to infinity. Chebyshev is also known for the Chebyshev polynomials and the Chebyshev bias the difference between the number of primes that are 3 (modulo 4) and 1 (modulo 4). Chebyshev is considered to be a founding father of Russian mathematics. Among his well-known students were the prolific mathematicians Dmitry Grave, Aleksandr Korkin, Aleksandr Lyapunov, and Andrei Markov. According to the Mathematics Genealogy Project, Chebyshev has 7,483 mathematical "descendants" as of 2010. [2] The lunar crater Chebyshev and the asteroid 2010 Chebyshev were named in his honour. Tchebychef, P. L. (1899), Markov, Andre Andreevich; Sonin, N., eds., Oeuvres (http://www.archive.org/stream /oeuvresdepltche01chebrich) I, New York: Commissionaires de l'Acadmie impriale des sciences, MR 0147353 (https://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0147353), Reprinted by Chelsea 1962 Tchebychef, P. L. (1907), Markov, Andre Andreevich; Sonin, N., eds., Oeuvres (http://books.google.com/books?id=1mBtAAAAMAAJ) II, New York: Commissionaires de l'Acadmie impriale des sciences, MR 0147353 (https://www.ams.org/mathscinet- Pafnuty Chebyshev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pafnuty_Chebyshev 2 of 4 7/28/2014 1:07 AM getitem?mr=0147353), Reprinted by Chelsea 1962 Butzer, P. L. Chebyshev (18211894): A Guide to his Life and Work, doi:10.1006/jath.1998.3289 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fjath.1998.3289) Chebyshev cube root Chebyshev distance Chebyshev filter, a family of analog filters in electronics and signal processing Chebyshev function in number theory Chebyshev polynomials and the "Chebyshev form" Chebyshev's inequality in probability and statistics Chebyshev's sum inequality Chebyshev equation Chebyshev linkage, a straight line generating linkages RobertsChebyshev theorem on the generation of cognate coupler-curves. ChebyshevMarkovStieltjes inequalities ChebychevGrblerKutzbach criterion for the mobility analysis of linkages Chebyshev nodes Chebyshev rational functions Chebyshev's bias Discrete Chebyshev polynomials Chebyshev integral ^ Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev Britannica Online Encyclopedia (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9022729 /Pafnuty-Lvovich-Chebyshev) 1. ^ Pafnuty Chebyshev (http://www.genealogy.ams.org/id.php?id=12542) at the Mathematics Genealogy Project 2. Mechanisms by Chebyshev (http://tcheb.ru) short 3d films embodiment of Tchebishev's inventions Pafnuty Chebyshev (http://www.genealogy.ams.org/id.php?id=12542) at the Mathematics Genealogy Project O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Pafnuty Chebyshev" (http://www-history.mcs.st- andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Chebyshev.html), MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews. Pafnuty Chebyshev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pafnuty_Chebyshev 3 of 4 7/28/2014 1:07 AM Works by or about Pafnuty Chebyshev (http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n85-344734) in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Biography (http://www.bashedu.ru/konkurs/tarhov/russian/chebish.htm), another one (http://www.mathsoc.spb.ru/pantheon/chebyshe/b-e.html), and yet another (http://www.univer.omsk.su /omsk/Edu/Math/chchebishev.htm) (all in Russian). uvres de P.L. Tchebychef (https://archive.org/details/oeuvresdepltche02chebrich) (in French) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pafnuty_Chebyshev&oldid=607666681" Categories: 1821 births 1894 deaths People from Zhukovsky District, Kaluga Oblast People from Kaluga Governorate 19th-century Russian mathematicians Probability theorists Imperial Russian inventors Number theorists Numerical analysts Ballistics experts Imperial Russian statisticians Moscow State University alumni Full Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences Members of the French Academy of Sciences Demidov Prize laureates Foreign Members of the Royal Society Russian mathematicians This page was last modified on 8 May 2014 at 18:30. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. 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